5
D e s i g n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n A l g o r i t h m s
R L
1
13
4
R L
5 2
R L
1
14
R L
1
5
R L 2
1 R L 5
(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
Figure 5.1: Scheme of several Association Rules mined from areas: a) Assembly, b) Body Construction, c) Special Projects, d) Quality Assurance, e) Paint, and f) Metal Sampling (The numbers on each shape correspond to that area’s mined Association Rules table row).
part of the body to be damaged is the fingers. Therefore, if the elbow and wrist joint are damaged by carrying a heavy object, injury in the fingers should also be considered, even if it has not shown symptoms. The rule "knee_L, wrist_R→foot_L"in row 4 of the table shows a strange pattern, but given that its lift is 38.4, it is considered as a strong rule.
This rule states that in workers’ injuries, when both the left knee and the right wrist are injured, the left foot injury should also be considered. This injury may be due to a fall or something similar. This rule may be hidden from the vision, but theARshave discovered it, which can be very important for occupational technicians to diagnose injuries.
5.2.2 Body Construction Area
The rules discovered from the data related to this area are given in Table5.2. These rules indicate damage to both parts of the leg (knee and foot). This damage is evident in both the antecedent (occurrence) and the consequent (co-occurrence). There are at least one of
Table 5.1: Mined association rules from Assembly area.
N Antecedents Consequents Supp Conf Lift
1 elbowR, wristR fingerR 0.012 1 32.0
2 elbowL, wristL fingerL 0.015 1 16.0
3 elbowL, wristL shoulderL 0.015 1 3.1
4 kneeL, wristR footL 0.011 1 38.4
5 kneeL, wristR trunk 0.010 1 9.6
6 kneeL, trunk footL 0.016 1 38.4
7 wristL, shoulderR fingerL 0.010 1 16.0
8 footL, wristR trunk 0.012 1 9.6
9 wristL, elbowR, shoulderR fingerL 0.012 1 16.0
10 wristL, shoulderR elbowR 0.011 1 48.0
11 shoulderR, fingerL wristL, elbowR 0.013 1 48.0 12 fingerL, elbowL wristL, shoulderL 0.015 1 16.0 13 fingerL, wristL,elbowL shoulderL 0.015 1 3.1 14 elbowL, wristL fingerL, shoulderL 0.015 1 38.4
15 kneeL, trunk, wristR footL 0.013 1 38.4
16 kneeL, footL, wristR trunk 0.017 1 9.6
17 kneeL, trunk footL, wristR 0.013 1 96.0
18 kneeL, wristR footL, trunk 0.011 1 96.0
19 footL, trunk kneeL, wristR 0.012 1 96.0
20 footL, wristR kneeL, trunk 0.013 1 96.0
the knees or foot parts in all theARsof this area. This is because most of the jobs in this area are standing, and workers work long hours doing repetitive tasks. Rule 4 ("foot_L→ knee_L, wrist_R") states that in the event of an injury in the left foot, injuries in the left knee and right wrist are also common. This could also be because standing job positions are done with the dominant hand (usually the right hand). Therefore, in this area, taking care of the left foot, which is usually weaker than the right foot, and also the dominant hand of workers is essential.
5.2.3 Special Projects Area
Table5.3shows that neck traumas are common among workers in this area. This type of damage is not common in other areas. Neck injuries are medically known to be hazardous injuries. Because it may lead to brain damage or spinal cord injury, so in this area, it is essential to pay attention to the signs of neck injury. The rules in which neck injury is observed in their consequent are critical and should be given special attention. For example, rule 1 ("finger_L, elbow_R → neck") states that if a worker in this area has injuries in the fingers of his or her left hand and the elbow of his or her right hand, he is more likely to have a neck injury.
A rule discovered in this area that neck injury does not exist in either antecedent or consequence. ARs14 ("knee_L, trunk, wrist_R→foot_L") in the Table with Lift=38.4, shows a strong relationship in this area. This rule states that if an injury is diagnosed in
Table 5.2: Mined association rules from Body Construction area.
N Antecedents Consequents Supp Conf Lift
1 kneeL, fingerR footL 0.012 1 38.5
2 footL fingerL, kneeL 0.011 1 38.6
3 kneeL, wristR footL 0.010 1 38.2
4 footL kneeL, wristR 0.011 1 38.1
5 fingerR, wristR footL 0.010 1 39.6
6 footL fingerR, wristR 0.016 1 38.0
7 fingerR,kneeL, wristR footL 0.011 1 38.3
8 kneeL, fingerR footL, wristR 0.012 1 38.2
9 kneeL, wristR fingerR, footL 0.014 1 38.1
10 kneeL, footL fingerR, wristR 0.017 1 38.0 11 fingerR, wristR kneeL, footL 0.013 1 38.3 12 wristrR, fingerR, footL kneeL 0.015 1 38.3 13 footL, wristR kneeL, fingerR 0.015 1 38.7
14 footL fingerR,kneeL, wristR 0.015 1 38.4
the left knee, right wrist, and trunk, injury to the left foot is also very likely. This rule reports a severe injury that has affected different parts of the body. In general, it seems, the common injuries to workers in this area are often high-risk and severe.
Table 5.3: Mined association rules from Special Projects area.
N Antecedents Consequents Supp Conf Lift
1 fingerL, elbowR neck 0.150 1 7.0
2 neck fingerL, elbowR 0.115 1 7.2
3 fingerL, shoulderL, elbowR neck 0.015 1 7.2 4 fingerL, elbowR shoulderL, neck 0.011 1 7.3 5 shoulderL, neck fingerL, elbowR 0.016 1 7.8 6 neck fingerL, shoulderL, elbowR 0.016 1 7.4
7 fingerL, wristL, elbowR neck 0.015 1 7.3
8 wristL, neck fingerL, elbowR 0.012 1 7.6
9 fingerL, elbowR wristL, neck 0.140 1 7.0
10 neck wristL, fingerL, elbowR 0.160 1 6.7
11 fingerL, elbowL wristL, shoulderL 0.015 1 16.0 12 fingerL, shoulderL, elbowR wristL, neck 0.180 1 6.0 13 wristL, shoulderL, neck fingerL, elbowR 0.015 1 6.7
14 kneeL, trunk, wristR footL 0.013 1 38.4
15 wristL, fingerL, elbowR shoulderL, neck 0.017 1 7.0 16 shoulderL, neck wristL, fingerL, elbowR 0.130 1 6.8 17 fingerL, elbowR wristL, shoulderL, neck 0.011 1 6.9 18 wristL, neck fingerL, shoulderL, elbowR 0.120 1 7.0
19 fingerL, neck elbowR 0.150 1 2.9
20 neck, elbowR fingerL 0.150 1 4.0
21 wristL, fingerL, neck elbowR 0.150 1 2.9
5.2.4 Quality Assurance Area
Table5.4shows theARsdiscovered in this area. Trunk injuries are common in this area, which indicates the need to pay attention to this injury in all examinations. Most high-risk antecedents in this area involve the right hand’s shoulder, elbow, and wrist, indicating overwork with the dominant hand (mostly the right hand). However, the left shoulder is also seen in two rules, 5 and 6. In this area, the consequence is the trunk in all the rules, which indicates that special attention should be paid to trunk injury in this area.
Table 5.4: Mined association rules from Quality Assurance area.
N Antecedents Consequents Supp Conf Lift
1 elbowR trunk 0.041 1 3.6
2 wristR trunk 0.049 1 3.4
3 shoulderR, elbowR trunk 0.040 1 3.5
4 elbowR, wristR trunk 0.044 1 3.5
5 shoulderL, wristR trunk 0.048 1 3.5
6 shoulderL, elbowR, wristR trunk 0.041 1 3.4
5.2.5 Paint Area
In this area, after filtering the rules and achieving very strong and reliable rules, twoARs have been discovered, which we have given in Table 5.5. These rules indicate that left shoulder injuries are common in the job positions of workers in the area. This indicates the need to pay more attention to this injury in examinations andFWAdetermination.
Table 5.5: Mined association rules from Paint area.
N Antecedents Consequents Supp Conf Lift
1 elbowL shoulderL 0.011 1 1.5
2 trunk shoulderL 0.085 1 1.5
5.2.6 Metal Stamping Area
The rules extracted from this area are given in Table 5.6. Each rule shows a specific relationship between injuries in antecedent and consequence. knee_R, shoulder_L, and wrist_L are related in different ways in the rules of this area. Here, support>0.06 indicates a high repetition of the association rules extracted from this area. For example, rule 5 ("knee_R → wrist_L, shoulder_L") states that if an injury is found in the right knee, there is also a high probability of injury in the left wrist and left shoulder. In routine examinations, the relationship of these body parts to each other may be irrational, and the symptoms of the body parts in the consequent may be hidden. However, we were able to discover these relationships by usingARsmining.
Table 5.6: Mined association rules from Metal Stamping area.
N Antecedents Consequents Supp Conf Lift
1 kneeR shoulderL 0.065 1 4.0
2 kneeR wristL 0.062 1 3.2
3 wristL, kneeR shoulderL 0.060 1 4.0
4 shoulderL, kneeR wristL 0.060 1 4.0
5 kneeR wristL, shoulderL 0.060 1 8.0