Even if the creation of political parties in Angola started late, the current demands of the Angolan people are old. As a consequence of the prohibition in Angola of any organization of a political nature and the consequence of all fundamental freedoms, the Angolans first formed legal institutions with a. However, the colonial government took control of these organizations and they soon became robots of the Portuguese administration.
The colonial authorities were aware of the danger and started political terror campaigns, which did not prevent FLUA (Partido da Luta Unida dos Africanos) three years later, in 1956, together with other groups to form the MPLA (Movimento Popular para a Libertaqâo de Angola) formed. . At that time, in accordance with the local political evolution, the Angolan emigrants in the two Congos organized in an amicable form l'Alliancedes Ressortissants de Zombo (ALLIAZO), later le Parti Democrata Angolais, l'Alliancedes Ressortissants de l'Enclave de Cabinda (MLEC) and l'Alliancedes Ressortissants de l'Enclave de Cabinda (MLEC) 'Union National des Populations du Nord de l'Angola, now UPA •. Disagreements arose in the UP.A and regional groups such as Le Mouvement pour laDefen.se des Intérêts de l'Angola (CI·'iDIA), de.N1TOBAKO and N'GWIZAKO were formed. the principle of non-violence began to make contact with the Portuguese colonial government, has a bone in some aspects and the Angolan revolution that confused the masses with the false promises of Salazar. Many supporters of the Oreanization opposed this, but Holden managed to crush the opposition thanks to the support he received from Luumba and thanks to the Congolese authorities, where he has personal friends.
The Angolan struggle, which under the leadership of the UPA was very successful in the first two years, did not develop further, with the party being led by only one man, and began to go backwards until it ended in the dead end where it is now. The creation of one front between the UPA and le Parti Democrata Angolais at the end of March 1962, the creation of the Glli'E and the recognition of the OUA have not had the expected effects: a democratic raorganization of political-nilitary institutions, that is likely to lead to a wider unity between the Angolan parties. The departure of his minister of foreign affairs and soodstudent~. who had been engaged in GRgE's activities should have made Holden reflect, but unfortunately he did nothing to help the Angolan struggle.
For others, this third force is represented in the possible actions of Savimbi, former GRAE foreign relations laureate. He can really contribute to the Angolan struggle, as he knows the situation in Angola very well. The 483 years of Portuguese occupation in Angola were never years of peace for the occupying power, which throughout faced resistance from the Angolan people. However, it was only after the Berlin Conference, which ended colonial competition in Africa, that the real conquest began.
This wave of independence also affected the Angolan people who began to oppose the yoke of the occupying power and from 1951 to 1956 you could see the true Angolan patriots and leaders who began to form a .1ent .resistance movement, uniting the masses and students in one invi you are a block. I myself helped in their deportation to concentration camps). It is known that the organizer of the resistance is to send people to the world of colonial conditions in Angola a. Many outsiders took advantage of the confused information from Angola and presented themselves as leaders of the Angolan people.
Journalists and TV reporters from abroad who were in Angola at the time noticed that the walls of the houses already had the inscription 11Kipwansa" which means independence, freedom. Also, it is unfortunate to know that the No. 1 enemy of the Angolan people were Africans who pretended to serve Angolan nationalism, which had every possibility of spreading from the center to the south like a flood against which the Portuguese would have been defenseless and which would have destroyed them) was banned as soon as possible. Thus the first chance of victory was lost, to regroup, to recruit soldiers and arms, and to prepare their attack efficiently, suffered terrible reprisals, and the fugitives, among them the eleoents of young people who had been able to stay in the center of the country to continue the fight, began to fly to the Congo.
Parmi ceux qui nous ont condamnés (ils étaient nombreux), il y avait Chipenda, Spencer, Kadet e, Salvador et Piment el. Nous saignions, nos yeux étaient injectés de sang.
The education of the African population, the indigenous peoples11, is left to the Christian rrissions, Catholic and Protestant. In the late 1940s, coffee cultivation flourished, allowing the natives11 who had been spared forced labor to think about the cultural development of their children. Official primary education was reserved for white and mulatto children and children of "assi milados".
The latter, however, were discriminated against both in the selection of those who were allowed to take the tests and in all or all parts of the tests themselves, simply because they were black. It should be noted that the seminaries and the Catholic missions, despite the stoic orientation they instilled in the Africans as rega.rds socialiju~tic e, played a major role in their education. In reality, almost all seminary students left the seminary after their high school studies. As a result, a number of the Angolans 1lvh ola positions in the colonial administration are ex-seminary students.
The Protestant missions, through their total independence from the Portuguese government, stimulated the awakening of nationalist sentiment. To begin with, after the events of 1961, Portugal established schools throughout the colony as part of its psychological campaign aimed at the Angolan masses and world opinion, without, however, adapting school regulations or social conditions to this great step forward. . Higher education has just been introduced in Angola, with the establishment of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences in Luanda, the Polytechnoc in Nova Lisboa and the Faculty of Education in Sà de Bandeira.
As can be seen, Portugal has always neglected and even hindered the cultural progress of blacks in order to ensure the continuation of its colonial regime. But Angola has not been spared the winds of change that are destroying colonial bases in Africa, where people are still oppressed. Illiteracy is an obstacle to all aspects of the country's development and is therefore the first task facing Angola's future leaders.
Angolan students outside Angola and Portugal are painfully aware of the sad fate of these thousands of their brothers and are ready to take concrete steps to help them.
Devo então lamentar que a fé em nós tenha me impedido de ir até você, porque terei que aprender com o trato pessoal com você. No entanto, acredito que se estiver fisicamente ausente de você, o neu espiritucor.mnga com você de o mesr:10 arrependimento e aspirações dp.s nesnas. Das mesmas aspirações de ver todos os estudantes angolanos unidos numa vanguarda revolucionária, intocada por forças ou correntes nocivas, de ver os movimentos políticos reunidos e reorganizados em bases verdadeiramente revolucionárias e revolucionárias, e de ver uma Angola revolucionária livre. Apres une longue r:1édit ation sur son contenu,j' ai tenuày f aire quelques connentn.ires, sans toutefois porter ou v ouloir porter atteinte àl 'unité et~ l a bonne marche de l'UNEA.
Dans le statut de l'UNEA, dans son premier chapitre et dans son premier article, on peut lire ceci :11 L'UFEA est une organisation indépendante de toute institution politique •••11 Brièvement à propos de la composition du Comité Exécutif de l'UNEA, on voit qu'un élément manque : tous les noms qui apparaissent dans le tableau sont des noms d'étudiants qui résident uniquement dans les pays de l'ouest et pas un seul, par contre, dans le pays de l'est, qu'on appelle aussi un satellite. Veuillez vous assurer de comprendre pourquoi les étudiants anglais des pays de l'Est ne sont pas inclus dans le comité exécutif de l'UNEA, car je sais qu'il n'est pas possible pour tous les étudiants anglais de participer au comité. Pour votre information, voici la nouvelle : Les étudiants angolais se sont réunis à Elisnbethville sous la présidence du Frère Carlos LENGEM pour approuver le nouveau Comité Exécutif de l'UNEA.
The struggle for liberation is going through a crisis due to the lack of leaders capable of commanding the revolutionary Angolan force. The Angolan people have already thoroughly analyzed the situation and think that the only solution is the reorganization of all fighting forces and their reunification in a new political-military institution that represents the aspirations of the Angolan masses. The Angolan problem is essentially political and must have a political solution that requires an armed revolution to lead it.
The actual Angolan political movements are essentially of a tribal character from a bo.sian point of view and affect only a small part of the Angolan population inS. But two thirds of the Angolan population are not represented outside the country and Jonas Savinbi is one of the. You always read in the newspapers that the Angolan people opened certain regions in the north of Angola and inG:abinda.
At the beginning of the revolution; In March 19D1, it is said that the Angolan, for national motives, has liberated some regions of Angola. But due to the lack of coordination with other countries and especially due to the lack of material to continue the war and also due to tribal fights, the liberated regions met. Press reports that a certain area was liberated in Cabinda and in the north of Angola are not correct.
