1 Overview of Oracle Database Installation

Preface

Audience

Documentation Accessibility

To reach Oracle Support Services, you must use a telecommunications relay service (TRS) to call Oracle Support. An Oracle Support Services engineer will handle technical issues and provide customer support according to the Oracle service request process.

Command Syntax

Accessing Documentation

This guide contains information required to install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) on various platforms of Linux. Documentation link or the Software & Patches link on the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 website.

Typographic Conventions

When connected to the Internet, you can search for a specific error message using the error message search feature in Oracle's online documentation. Refer to Oracle Database Sample Schemas for information on how these schemas are created and how you can use them yourself.

What’s New in Oracle Database 11g

New Grid Infrastructure Installation Option

New Desktop and Server Class Options

There is no difference in the software that installs after you select an option, but the Desktop Class option installs a single instance database without the advanced configuration options.

Daylight Savings Time Upgrade of Timestamp with Timezone Data Type

SYSASM Privilege

Fixup Scripts and Prerequisite Checks

If OUI detects an incomplete task, then generate the fix script by clicking the Repair and Check Again button. When you run the script, it sets some of the system parameters to Oracle-recommended values, if necessary, and completes others.

Deinstallation Tool

Intelligent Data Placement

Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS)

Data Pump Export and Data Pump Import

Automatic Restart of Single Instance Databases

SRVCTL Support for Single Instance Database in a Cluster

Deprecated in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2)

This chapter describes the different types of Oracle Database installation for Linux and the issues you should consider before installing Oracle Database:.

New Oracle Products and Features Installed with This Release

Planning the Installation

Review the licensing information: Although the installation media in the media pack contain many Oracle components, you are permitted to use only those

Plan the installation: This chapter describes the Oracle products that you can install and issues that you must consider before starting the installation

Complete preinstallation tasks: Chapter 2 describes preinstallation tasks that you must complete before installing the product

Install the software: Use the following sections to install Oracle Database and Oracle grid infrastructure for a standalone server

Complete postinstallation tasks: Chapter 5 describes recommended and required postinstallation tasks

Get started using Oracle Database: Use the following sections to get started with Oracle Database

Installing the Linux Operating System

Completing a Minimal Linux Installation

Completing a Default Linux Installation

About the Oracle Validated Configuration RPM

Installing the Oracle Validated Configuration RPM

Installation Considerations

Hardware and Software Certification

Third-Party Database Certification for SQL Developer

Multiple Oracle Homes Support

Installing the Software on a System with an Existing Oracle Installation

For example, you cannot install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 software into an existing Oracle9i Oracle home directory. If you try to install this release into an Oracle home directory that contains software from a previous Oracle release, then the installation fails.

Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server

You can install this release multiple times on the same system if each installation is installed in a separate Oracle home directory.

Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services

Installing Oracle Database Vault in an Oracle Data Guard Environment

Oracle Database Vault Default Audit Policy and Initialization Parameters

Oracle Database Installation Methods

Interactive Installation Types

If you select Enterprise Edition on the Select Database Edition screen, Oracle Universal Installer automatically selects the components most customers need for their Oracle Database installation.

Automated Installation Methods Using Response Files

Oracle Database Editions

Database Configuration Options

Preconfigured Database Types

Installation Choices that Affect Database Creation

Instead, the software is installed and then Oracle Database Configuration Assistant runs in interactive mode. You can change one of the preconfigured database types or customize the database using the screens in Oracle Database Configuration Assistant.

Creating a Database After Installation

Database Storage Options

File System

If the NAS device is certified by Oracle, you can store the database files on it. If you choose the Advanced database creation option, you can also choose to use the Oracle Managed Files feature with the new database.

Automatic Storage Management

A disk group is a set of disk devices that Auto Storage Management manages as a single unit. When you add or remove disks, Automatic Storage Management rebalances the files across the disk group.

Database Management Options

Management Options for Preconfigured Databases

Management Options for Custom Databases

Features Provided by Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control

Database Backup and Recovery Options

Enabling Automated Backups

Backup Job Default Settings

Migration Consideration

Upgrade Considerations

Upgrading an Oracle Database Installed on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1

Copy the database files from the computer running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 to the one running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0.

Automatic Storage Management Is Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure

Daylight Savings Time Upgrade

Be sure to review the information regarding the platform on which you plan to install Oracle Database 11g. To use automatic storage management or Oracle restart, you must first install Oracle Network Infrastructure for a stand-alone server and then install Oracle Database.

Logging In to the System as root

Checking the Hardware Requirements

Memory Requirements

The shared memory size must be at least MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET larger for each Oracle instance on the computer. Note that the initialization parameters cannot exceed the shared memory file system on the operating system.

System Architecture

Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the Automatic Memory Management feature requires more shared memory (/dev/shm) and file descriptors. TARGET is set to a non-zero value and an incorrect size is allocated to the shared memory, it will result in an ORA-00845 error at startup.

Disk Space Requirements

Verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release you want to install. If you do not see the expected output, you cannot install the software on this system.

Display Requirements

Run Level Requirement

Recommended Hardware Requirement for SQL Developer

Checking the Software Requirements

Operating System Requirements

Kernel Requirements

Package Requirements

Oracle recommends that you install your Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs) unless you. If you have not performed a standard Linux installation, intend to use LDAP, and want to use the scripts odisrvreg, oidca, or schemasync, then install the Korn shell RPM for the Linux distribution.

Compiler Requirements

If a package is not installed, install it from the Linux distribution media or download the required package version from the Linux vendor's website.

Additional Software Requirements

Oracle ODBC Drivers

Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers

Oracle Messaging Gateway

Browser Requirements

Preinstallation Requirement for Oracle Database Vault

Installation Fixup Scripts

Checking the Network Setup

Installing on DHCP Computers

This allows you to add a new computer to the network without manually assigning a unique IP address to the newly added computer.

Installing on Multihomed Computers

Installing on Computers with Multiple Aliases

Installing on Non-Networked Computers

Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users

Creating Custom Configuration Groups and Users for Job Roles

Users for Oracle Installations with Job Role Separation

Database Groups for Job Role Installations

Grid Infrastructure Groups for Job Role Installations

Members of the OSASM group can use SQL to connect to the Automatic Storage Management instance as SYSASM using operating system authentication. By default, members of the OSASM group also have all privileges granted by SYSOPER for the ASM privilege.

Creating Database Operating System Groups and Users with Job Role Separation

If you do not designate a separate group as the OSASM group, then the OSDBA group you define is also the OSASM group by default. Create this group if you want a separate group of operating system users to have a limited set of Oracle ASM instances.

Creating the Oracle Inventory Group

The inst_group parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group (in this case oinstall). If the oraInst.loc file does not exist, create the Oracle Inventory group by entering the following command:.

Creating the OSDBA Group for Database Installations

In the preceding example, central_inventory_location is the location of the Oracle Central Inventory, and group is the name of the group that has permissions to write to the central inventory. If you have an existing Oracle inventory, be sure to use the same Oracle inventory for all Oracle software installations, and ensure that all Oracle software users you plan to use for installation have permissions to to write to this guide.

Creating an OSOPER Group for Database Installation

Creating the OSASM Group for Automatic Storage Management

Creating the OSDBA Group for Oracle Grid Infrastructure

Creating the OSOPER Group for Automatic Storage Management

Creating the Oracle Software Owner User

Configure Oracle Installation Owner Shell Limits

Configuring Kernel Parameters

Displaying and Changing Kernel Parameter Values

If you specify values in the /etc/sysctl.conf file, they remain in place when you reboot the system. If the values are incorrect, edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file and then re-enter this command.

Identifying Required Software Directories

Oracle Base Directory

Refer to "Creating an Oracle Base Directory" for information on creating an Oracle Base Directory.

Oracle Inventory Directory

Oracle Home Directory

Identifying or Creating an Oracle Base Directory

Identifying an Existing Oracle Base Directory

Directory paths that end with the username of the Oracle software owner you want to use are valid choices for an Oracle base directory. If an Oracle root directory exists and you want to use it, see the .

Creating an Oracle Base Directory

When you configure the Oracle user environment later in this chapter, set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable to specify the directory you selected. If an Oracle home directory does not exist on the system or if you want to create an Oracle home directory, then refer to the next section.

Choosing a Storage Option for Oracle Database and Recovery Files

Creating Directories for Oracle Database or Recovery Files

Guidelines for Placing Oracle Database Files on a File System

Creating Required Directories

Configuring Storage for Oracle Database Files Using Block Devices

Configuring Disk Devices for Oracle Database

Refer to the examples in "Configuring Storage for Oracle Database Files Using Block Devices" for more information on how to create a permissions file. See also: Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for information about configuring storage for Oracle database files on shared storage devices.

Stopping Existing Oracle Processes

Configuring the oracle User’s Environment

However, if you set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable, then Oracle recommends that you disable the ORACLE_HOME environment variable and choose the default path suggested by the Oracle Universal Installer. Oracle Network Infrastructure for a standalone server is Oracle software that enables a server to participate in an enterprise network architecture.

Requirements for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation

Configuring the User’s Environment

Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM Support

Migrating Existing Automatic Storage Management Instances

Automatic Storage Management Installation Considerations

Preparing Disks for an Automatic Storage Management Installation

General Steps for Configuring Automatic Storage Management

Identifying Storage Requirements for Automatic Storage Management
Using an Existing Automatic Storage Management Disk Group
Creating DAS or SAN Disk Partitions for Automatic Storage Management
Configuring Disks for Automatic Storage Management

Select the level of Auto Storage Management redundancy you want to use for each Auto Storage Management disk group you create. This option prevents Automatic Storage Management from mirroring the contents of the disk array.

Configuring Disks for Automatic Storage Management Using the Automatic Storage Management Library Driver (ASMLIB)

Use the disable and enable options to change the behavior of the library driver to Automatic Storage Management when the system starts. You must delete the disk from the Automatic Storage Management disk group before unchecking it.

Installing and Configuring Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server

Installing Grid Infrastructure with a New Database Installation

To create additional disk groups, run the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (ASMCA) utility. Ohasd is a daemon installed with the Oracle grid infrastructure that launches software services such as Oracle Automatic Storage Management.

Installing Grid Infrastructure for an Existing Database

Manually Configuring Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Groups

Testing the Automatic Storage Management Installation

In most cases, you use the graphical user interface (GUI) provided by Oracle Universal Installer to install the software. However, you can also use Oracle Universal Installer to complete installations in silent mode, without using the GUI.

Preinstallation Considerations

The Oracle Database software is available on installation media or you can download it from the Oracle Technology Network website.

Performing Multiple Oracle Database Installations in Response File or Silent Mode

Reviewing Component-Specific Installation Guidelines

In previous releases, Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) was installed as part of the Oracle Database installation. If you want to upgrade an existing Automated Storage Management installation, you must upgrade Automated Storage Management by performing an Oracle Network Infrastructure upgrade.

Selecting the Database Character Set

With Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Automatic Storage Management is part of an Oracle grid infrastructure installation, either for a cluster or for a stand-alone server. If you have not installed Automatic Storage Management and want to use Automatic Storage Management as your storage option, you must complete an Oracle grid infrastructure installation before starting your Oracle Database installation.

Accessing the Installation Software

Downloading Oracle Software

Downloading the Installation Archive Files from OTN

Downloading the Software from Oracle E-Delivery

Extracting the Installation Files

Copying the Software to the Hard Disk

Mounting Disks

In these examples, /mnt/dvd and /media/dvd are the mount point directories for the installation media. Before running the following command, ensure that the /mnt/dvd directory exists on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Copying the Oracle Database Software to a Hard Disk

To copy the software to a hard disk, see "Copying the Oracle Database Software to a Hard Disk".

Database Security Options

Installing the Oracle Database Software

Running Oracle Universal Installer

Select product language This option allows you to select the language in which you want to run the product. Use database control for database management: This option enables you to manage Oracle database locally.

Installing Oracle Database Examples

Required Postinstallation Tasks

Downloading and Installing Patches

Creating a Backup of the root.sh Script

If you need the information in the original root.sh script, you can restore it from a backed up root.sh file.

Configuring New or Upgraded Databases

Creating and Configuring Additional Operating System Accounts

Configuring the Accounts of Oracle Users

Setting the NLS_LANG Environment Variable

Generating the Client Static Library

Guidelines for Setting Semaphore Parameters

Create a Fast Recovery Area Disk Group

About the Fast Recovery Area and the Fast Recovery Area Disk Group

Creating the Fast Recovery Area Disk Group

Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks

Configuring Oracle Net Services

To use the listener from the current release, you may need to copy static service information from the listener.ora file from the previous release to the version of the file used by the new release. For all database instances earlier than version 8.0.3, add static service information to the listener.ora file.

Configuring Oracle Label Security

If you have referenced previous Oracle home directory names in the static listener information, then these directory names must be modified before the listener.ora file can be used in the 11.2 environment. If you are not using a central tnsnames.ora file, copy the Oracle Net service names and link the descriptors from the previously released tnsnames.ora file to the version of that file used by the new release.

Configuring Oracle Database Vault

If you are upgrading from a previous version of Oracle Database, Oracle recommends that you use the current version of the Oracle Net listener instead of the listener from the previous version. If necessary, you can also add connection information for additional database instances to the new file.

Configuring Oracle Messaging Gateway

Modifying the listener.ora File for External Procedures

Modifying the tnsnames.ora File for External Procedures

The value specified for the KEY parameter must match the value specified for that parameter in the IPC protocol address in the listener.ora file. The value of the SID parameter must match the service name in the listener.ora file that you specified for the Oracle Messaging Gateway external procedure agent in the previous section (mgwextproc).

Setting Up the mgw.ora Initialization File

Configuring Oracle Precompilers

Configuring Pro*C/C++

Table 5–1 shows the default directories and the appropriate command to verify the compiler's path setting.

Configuring Pro*FORTRAN

Configuring Secure Sockets Layer

Installing Oracle Text Supplied Knowledge Bases

Configuring or Reinstalling Oracle XML DB

Configuring and Using Direct NFS Client

Direct NFS Client

Direct NFS determines the mount point settings for NFS storage devices based on the configurations in /etc/mtab. Path: Up to four network paths to the NFS server, specified by IP address or by name, as shown by the ifconfig command on the filer.

Postinstallation Tasks for SQL Developer

Migrating User Settings from Release 1.0

When you start version 1.1 of SQL Developer, click Yes when asked if you want to migrate settings from a previous version. Instead, specify the location of the 1.0 release settings, which can be a folder whose path ends with sqldeveloper/jdev/system.

Migrating Information from Previous Releases

Post-installation tasks for SQL developer. This happens regardless of whether there was a previous version on your system.). These settings refer to database connections, reports, and some SQL Developer user preferences that you set in an earlier version by clicking Tools and then Preferences.

Location of User-Related Information

If you close SQL Developer with an open SQL worksheet that contains statements, then you will be prompted to save these files. If you want to prevent other users from accessing your user-specific SQL Developer information, you must ensure that the appropriate permissions are set in the directory where that information is stored or in a directory that precedes it in the path hierarchy.

Checking the Installed Oracle Database Contents and Directory Location

This chapter provides information about the default preconfigured database, including information about Oracle database accounts, passwords, and file locations.

Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control

You can also use the SYS and SYSTEM accounts to log in to the Database Controller. See also: section "Logging in to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control" for information about logging into Database Control.

Managing Automatic Storage Management

Starting and Stopping Automatic Storage Management

Automatic Storage Management Utilities

Accessing Oracle Database with SQL*Plus

Accessing Oracle Database with SQL Developer

Reviewing Accounts and Passwords

ORACLE_OCM This account contains the configuration collection tools used by the Oracle Configuration Manager. SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA The account where the information views for the SQL/MM Still Image Standard are stored.

Unlocking and Resetting User Passwords

Using Database Control to Unlock Accounts and Reset Passwords

The account status column shows if the account is locked and if the password has expired. Use the General page of the user property sheet to unlock the account and, optionally, change the password.

Using SQL*Plus to Unlock Accounts and Reset Passwords

Unlocking and Changing Passwords

Identifying Databases

Locating the Server Parameter File

Reviewing Tablespaces and Data Files, Redo Log Files, and Control Files

Identifying Tablespaces and Data Files

Enterprise Manager displays a table listing each data file, and the tablespace it is associated with.

Locating Redo Log Files

In the next cycle, it reuses and fills the first file, the second file, and so on. To view the name and location of the rerun log associated with a particular group, select that group and click View.

Locating Control Files

See also: For more information about using the Database Manager to view information about audit files and to back up and trace these files, click Help in the Database Manager window. For more information about setting the CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter value, see the Oracle Database Administrator's Guide.

Reconfiguring Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services

Removing Oracle Software Using the Deinstallation Tool

About the Deinstallation Tool

You can run the deinstall command on a standalone Oracle database with the -paramfile option to use the values you specify in the parameters file. Below is an example of a parameter file, in which the binary owner of the Oracle database is oracle, the home of the Oracle database (Oracle home) is in the path.

Removing Oracle Software

How Response Files Work?

The advantage is that you can validate the values in the screens for which you have already provided the information in the answer file and continue with the installation. This method is especially useful if you do not want to include sensitive information, such as passwords, in the response file.

Reasons for Using Silent Mode or Response File Mode

If you include responses for some or all of the messages in the response file and omit the -silent option, Oracle Universal Installer runs in response file mode. You define the settings for a silent or answer file installation by entering values for the variables specified in the answer file.

Creating a Database Using Automatic Storage Management as the Storage Option for Database Files

General Procedure for Using Response Files

Creating the oraInst.loc File

Preparing a Response File

Editing a Response File Template

If you have copied the software to a hard disk, then you can edit the file in the answer directory if you wish. Remember that you can specify sensitive information, such as passwords, on the command line rather than within the response file.

Recording a Response File

Click Cancel if you only want to create the response file and not continue with the installation. The installation will stop, but the settings you entered will be recorded in the response file.

Running Oracle Universal Installer Using a Response File

Running Net Configuration Assistant Using a Response File

Running Database Configuration Assistant Using a Response File

Using Database Configuration Assistant in Response File Mode

Using Database Configuration Assistant in Silent Mode

Running Database Configuration Assistant in Response File or Silent Mode

Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File

About the Postinstallation Configuration File

The owner of the response file must be the installation owner user, with the group set to the central inventory group (oraInventory).

Running Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File

Cloning an Oracle Home

On the target computer, change the directory to the extracted Oracle home directory and delete all .ora files (*.ora) present in the extracted $ORACLE_. From the $ORACLE_HOME/clone/bin directory, run clone.pl for the extracted Oracle homepage.

Configuring Oracle Configuration Manager in a Cloned Oracle Home

General Configuration Guidelines for NAS Devices

NFS Feature Description

Choosing Mount Points

Choosing Mount Points for Oracle Software Files

If you use this mount point, all Oracle installations using this Oracle base directory will use the NFS file system. The Oracle home directory (oracle_base/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) By default, only software files reside on the NFS file system.

Choosing Mount Points for Oracle Database and Recovery Files

Creating Files on a NAS Device for Use with Automatic Storage Management

NFS Mount Options

Refer to the device documentation or contact the vendor for information on recommended mount point options. Oracle recommends that you set the timeout value to the maximum timeout for TCP, which is 600 seconds.

Overview of the Optimal Flexible Architecture Standard

Implementing Optimal Flexible Architecture

File Systems

Number of File Systems

Naming Conventions

Naming Directories

Oracle Base Directory Naming Convention

Naming Mount Points for Very Large Databases (VLDBs)

Referring to Path Names

Oracle Home Directory Naming Convention

Naming Subdirectories

For example, /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/ is the scripts subdirectory associated with the database named orcl.

Naming Database Files

Implementation of optimal flexible architecture. NAME), and is a subdirectory for special types of database management files. Using this convention, it is easy to determine the database to which the file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/sab/system01.dbf belongs.

Separating Segments with Different Requirements

Exploiting the Optimal Flexible Architecture Structure for Oracle Files

Optimal Flexible Architecture File Mapping

During installation, Oracle Universal Installer assigns port numbers to components from a set of predefined port numbers. This appendix lists the default port numbers and describes how to change the assigned port after installation.

About Managing Ports

Viewing Port Numbers and Access URLs

Port Numbers and Protocols of Oracle Components

Changing the Oracle Enterprise Management Agent Port

Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Ports

Changing the Oracle XML DB Ports

Installing and Using Oracle Components in Different Languages

Configuring Oracle Components to Run in Different Languages

Determining the Operating System Locale by Using the LANG Environment Variable

Configuring Locale and Character Sets by Using the NLS_LANG Environment Variable

Installing Translation Resources

Running Oracle Universal Installer in Different Languages

If the selected language is not one of the above, Oracle Universal Installer runs in English. For example, fr_FR and fr_CA are valid values for running the Oracle Universal Installer in French.

Verify Requirements

X Window Display Errors

Remote Terminal Installation Error

To resolve this issue, run the echo $DISPLAY command to ensure that the display variable is set to the correct view or host. If the display variable is set correctly, then either make sure you are logged in as a user authorized to open an X window, or run the xhost + command to allow any user to open an X window.

Reviewing the Log of an Installation Session

Troubleshooting Host Name Changes and CSS

Troubleshooting Configuration Assistants

Configuration Assistant Failure

Irrecoverable Errors

Troubleshooting Inventory Issues

Troubleshooting Screen Display Issues

Silent-Mode Response File Error Handling

Cleaning Up After a Failed Installation