2022 e N. sumapazensis Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2022); (IV) Apêndice 4 – visão geral das espécies de Tomosvaryella da Colômbia, trabalho descrevendo duas espécies (Tomosvaryella macarenensis Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2022 e N. sumapazensis Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2022); (IV) Apêndice 4 - visão geral da espécie Tomosvaryella da Colômbia, trabalho descrevendo duas novas espécies (Tomosvaryella macarenensis Ramos-Pastrana et al. A recente análise filogenética realizada por Motamedinia et al. 2021) restaurou Chalarinae como monofilético e grupo irmão de Pipunculinae.
Uma análise filogenética recente por Motamedinia et al. 2021) restaurou Pipunculinae como grupo monofilético e irmão de Chalarinae. Uma análise filogenética recente por Motamedinia et al. 2021) restaurou Tomosvaryellini como um grupo parafilético e irmão de Eudorylini, e também sinonimizou Eudorylini com Tomosvaryellini.
Phallus trifid, all ejaculatory ducts at the apex, lateral ejaculatory ducts with inner rims forming a semicircle when viewed in dorsal view (Fig. 10a-b). Apex of phallic guide short with apex hooked and two subapical appendices symmetrical (Fig. 21a). Phallus trifid, with all ejaculatory ducts at the apex; lateral ejaculatory ducts with inner rims forming a semicircle when viewed in dorsal view (Fig. 21a-b).
Phallus trifid, all ejaculatory ducts located at apex; the lateral ejaculatory ducts with inner margins straight and forming an angle of approx. 110º, seen in dorsal view (fig. 31a–b). Phallus trifid, all ejaculatory ducts located at apex; lateral ejaculatory ducts with inner margin forming a straight line in dorsal view (Fig. 42a–b). Antenna (Fig. 46) brown (vs antenna dark brown to black in holotype); pedicel with four setae dorsally and two ventrally.
Phallus trifid, one ejaculatory duct apically, the other two directed medially and forward when visible in ventral view, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 53a–b). 7 Pedicel with two dorsal and two ventral appendages (fig. 14); tip of phallic guide with sharp tip (Fig. 21a); right gonopod thickened medially, thin apically, with slightly sharp apex, viewed laterally (Fig. 20). 10 All subapical processes of equal length, one thinner than the other (Fig. 31a); right gonopod with slightly pointed tip, viewed from the side (Fig. 30); ejaculatory apodeme pin-shaped (Fig. 32).
One subapical process about 1/2 length of other (Fig. 10a); right gonopod with rounded apex, viewed laterally (Fig. 9); ejaculatory apodeme umbrella-shaped (Fig. 11).
53 Clistoabdominalis Skevington, 2001 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, with a description of a new species and an updated key to the males of the Neotropical species. Antenna (Fig. 3) with shell dark brown, with one yellow seta on back; peduncle dark brown, with three dorsal setae and two ventral setae; postpedicle brown, with pointed apex. The apex of the phallic guide is basally thickened, apically thin, with a sharp apex directed upwards, and a lobe dorsally with the apex directed forwards (Fig. 12).
58 base yellow (vs. anterior tibia yellow ventrally, brown dorsally, tip entirely yellow); tibia medium brown, with basal 1/3 yellow (vs. tibia medium brown, with yellow tips); hind tibia brown, with yellow base and dark brown spot medially (vs. hind tibia brown with yellow tips); tergite 2 pruinose brown dorsally and gray pruinose posterolaterally (vs. tergite 2 pruinose gray, except for a brown pruinose spot dorsocentrally); tergite 5 pruinose brown, with a gray pruinose band on distal margin, interrupted medially ( Fig. 6 ) [vs. eyebrow tergite 5, with scattered gray pruinosity ( Fig. 19 )]. 59 Antenna (Fig. 16) with dark brown sheath and pedicel, sheath with one dorsal seta; pedicel with three dorsal setae and two ventral setae; postpedicel brown with sharp tip (vs. antenna brown; postpedicel tinged yellow). Surstyli (Figs. 21-23) subsymmetrical, shorter than length of epandrium, fully setate; left surstylus with tip slightly acutely rounded and slightly directed inwards; right sustilus with tip slightly truncated and slightly directed downwards (Fig. 21); both surstyles with slightly rounded tips and sinuous edges when seen in lateral view (Figs. 22-23).
Argentina (Tucumán), Bolivia (Beni), Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina), Colombia (new record) (Amazonas, Bolívar, Caquetá) (Fig. 30). 2 Postpronotal lobe yellow to pale brown (Fig. 14); front and middle tibiae with long setae apically; susrtyli subsymmetrical, left surstylus with acute apex directed slightly inwards, right surstylus with apex slightly truncated directed downwards (Fig. 21);. A new species of the genus Clistoabdominalis Skevington (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from Iran, with a key to the Western Palaearctic species of the Clistoabdominalis ruralis group.
1949) List of specimens of Dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum - London.
Both floors are basally and medially thickened, apically thin, with inner margins slightly straight, outer margin curved and apices sharp inwards; right surstylus slightly shorter than left (Fig. 8); left surstylus with sinuous apex, right surstylus with truncated apex, viewed from the side (Figs 9–10). The tip of the phallic guide is strong, with a hook-shaped tip, the upper margin is slightly curled, with a tuft of small setae dorsocentrally (Fig. 12). According to the males and due to the shape of the surstyluses, D. fig. 8) looks similar to D.
Apex of phallic lead thick, with apex hooked, with thick and stiff lobe dorsally and translucent lobes lateroapically (Fig. 25). Apex of phallic guide thick, with apex hooked and upper margin slightly straight (Figs. 37, 38). Apex of phallic guide thick, with apex hook-shaped, upper margin slightly bent upwards, with a tuft of small setae basally, and a translucent lobe lateroapically (Fig. 51).
8 Both surstyli more thickened medially than basally and apically, with sinuous inner margins (Fig. 47); phallic guide with straight upper margin and a tuff of small setae basally (fig. 51). Both surstyli thickened basally and medially, thin apically, with straight inner margins and curved outer margins (Fig. 8, 21); phallic guide with sinuous upper edge and a tuff of small setae centrally (fig. 12) or with firm and stiff lobe dorsally (fig. 25). 8 8 Both surstyli with sharp tip (fig. 8); phallic guide with sinuous upper margins and a central tuff of small setae (fig. 12); phallus trifid with ejaculatory ducts clearly separated only in the distal quarter.
Left surstylus with rounded tip, right sustilus with truncated tip (Fig. 21); phallic guide with a strong, rigid dorsal lobe (Fig. 25); trifid phallus with ejaculatory ducts distinctly separated only in distal ninths.
Antenna (Fig. 3) brown; shell with one leaf dorsally; peduncle with two setae dorsally and three ventrally; postpedicle with pointed apex. Both surstyles basally thickened, apically thin, with curled inner edges, apex slightly truncated and directed downwards (Fig. 8); left surstylus slightly. Antenna (Fig. 16) brown; shell with one leaf dorsally; peduncle with three setae dorsally and three ventrally; postpedicle with pointed apex.
Tip of phallic guiding hardness, with hook-shaped tip and lobe rounded and ventrally transparent (Fig. 25). Occiput brown, brown pruinose dorsally and upper half laterally, gray pruinose on lower half laterally and ventrally (vs. silver-gray pruinose ventrally and laterally, not pruinose dorsally); postpronotal lobe brown, grayish-brown pruinose (vs. postpronotal lobe blackish brown); scutum and scutellum dark brown, pruinose gray-brown (Fig. 17) (vs. scutum and scutellum black brown, pruinose brown); coxae opaque dark brown, with yellowish brown tips (Fig. 14) (vs. coxae entirely blackish brown); femora shiny dark brown to black, with basal third and tips yellowish brown (Figs. 14-15) (vs. femora black to brown with yellow tips); fore and middle tibiae with distinct apical spines (vs. all tibiae without distinct apical spines); abdomen dark brown, gray-brown (Figs. 15, 19) (vs. abdomen black brown, brown pruinose);. Subsymmetrical surstyli (Fig. 21) (vs. asymmetrical surstyli [see fig. 4, presented by Rafael (1991)]; tip of phallic guide with ventrally rounded and transparent lobe and no apical lobe (Fig. 25) (vs. tip of phallic guide with ventrally triangular lobe and long, robust and rounded apically [see figure 5, presented by Rafael (1991)].
Tip strongly phallic guide, with thin hook-shaped tip, distinct translucent lobe, and a row of inconspicuous lateral setae (Fig. 38). Brown nape pruinose on dorsal and upper half laterally, gray pruinose on lower half laterally and ventrally (vs. silver-grey nape pruinose ventrally and laterally, not pruinose dorsally); postpronotal lobe brown, pruinose brown (vs. postpronotal lobe black, pruinose silver); scutum and scutellum dark brown, pruinose brown (Fig. 30) (vs. scutum and scutum black, pruinose gray anterolaterally and pruinose brown medially); coxae shiny dark brown, tipped with yellowish brown (Fig. 27) (vs. coxae entirely black); trochanters shiny brown, pruinose brown (Fig. 27) trochanters entirely black); Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with translucent lobe and a row of laterally inconspicuous setae (Fig. 38) (vs. apex of phallic guide without translucent lobe laterally and with tuft of setae apically [see Fig. 33f, illustrated by Skevington & Marshall (1998)].
2 Middle tibia with distinct apical spines; hind tibia without distinct apical spines and with a process acutely posteroapical; both surstyli with tips directed slightly downward (Fig. 34); apex of phallic guide with a translucent lobe and one row of inconspicuous setae laterally (Fig. 38).
Antes do presente estudo, apenas cinco gêneros e 10 espécies de Pipunculidae haviam sido registrados para a Colômbia. Neste estudo foram analisados nove gêneros sem registro prévio para o país (Basileunculus, Cephalops, Cephalosphaera, Chalarus, Clistoabdominalis, Dasydorylas, Neocephalosphaera, Pipunculus e Semicephalops) mais Tomosvaryella já registrados; dentro desses gêneros, 28 novas espécies foram descritas e 14 novos registros foram criados para a Colômbia. Com a soma dos resultados deste estudo, a Colômbia passou de uma subfamília registrada, cinco tribos, cinco gêneros e 10 espécies para duas subfamílias, três tribos, 14 gêneros e 52 espécies conhecidas de Pipunculidae (Tabela 1).
Além disso, os diagnósticos e descrições de espécies conhecidas foram atualizados, incluindo uma descrição mais detalhada das características sexuais masculinas. Já Tomosvaryella possui uma chave dicotômica ilustrada para as espécies colombianas, os demais gêneros estudados possuem uma chave dicotômica ilustrada e atualizada para identificação de espécies da região neotropical, o que facilitará novos estudos com esses grupos e se tornará uma padronização de características diagnósticas e descrições ainda usado. Informações sobre os habitats e microhabitats onde a espécie ocorre na Colômbia são importantes, pois a literatura atual carece de informações sobre o local de coleta dos espécimes estudados até o momento.
Além disso, esses dados podem ser usados para planejar estratégias de conservação para algumas áreas de importância ecológica e distribuição de espécies de Pipunculidae em áreas de endemismo. Novos registros são indicados com um asterisco (*), novas espécies publicadas derivadas desta tese com dois asteriscos (**) e novas espécies inéditas com três asteriscos.
