❯◆■❱❊❘❙■❉❆❉❊ ❉❊ ❙➹❖ P❆❯▲❖ ■◆❙❚■❚❯❚❖ ❉❊ ❋❮❙■❈❆ ❉❊ ❙➹❖ ❈❆❘▲❖❙
❈❆▼■▲❖ ❆❘❚❯❘❖ ❙❯➪❘❊❩ ❇❆▲▲❊❙❚❊❘❖❙
❙❮◆❚❊❙❊ ❊ ❈❆❘❆❈❚❊❘■❩❆➬➹❖ ❉❊ ◆❆◆❖P❆❘❚❮❈❯▲❆❙ F e3O4@Au ❊ ❉❊❙❊◆❱❖▲❱■▼❊◆❚❖ ❉❊ ❙❊◆❙❖❘❊❙ P❆❘❆ ❆P▲■❈❆➬Õ❊❙ ❊▼
◆❆◆❖▼❊❉■❈■◆❆✳
❈❆▼■▲❖ ❆❘❚❯❘❖ ❙❯➪❘❊❩ ❇❆▲▲❊❙❚❊❘❖❙
❙❮◆❚❊❙❊ ❊ ❈❆❘❆❈❚❊❘■❩❆➬➹❖ ❉❊ ◆❆◆❖P❆❘❚❮❈❯▲❆❙ F e3O4@Au ❊ ❉❊❙❊◆❱❖▲❱■▼❊◆❚❖ ❉❊ ❙❊◆❙❖❘❊❙ P❆❘❆ ❆P▲■❈❆➬Õ❊❙ ❊▼
◆❆◆❖▼❊❉■❈■◆❆✳
❉✐ss❡rt❛çã♦ ❛♣r❡s❡♥t❛❞❛ ❛♦ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡ Pós✲ ❣r❛❞✉❛çã♦ ❡♠ ❋ís✐❝❛ ❞♦ ■♥st✐t✉t♦ ❞❡ ❋ís✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❙ã♦ ❈❛r❧♦s ❞❡ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❙ã♦ P❛✉❧♦✱ ♣❛r❛ ❛ ♦❜t❡♥çã♦ ❞♦ tít✉❧♦ ❞❡ ▼❡str❡ ❡♠ ❝✐ê♥✲ ❝✐❛s✳
➪r❡❛ ❞❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çã♦✿ ❋ís✐❝❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛❞❛ ❖♣çã♦✿ ❋ís✐❝❛ ❇✐♦♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r
❖r✐❡♥t❛❞♦✿ Pr♦❢✳ ❉r✳ ❱❛❧t❡♥❝✐r ❩✉❝♦❧♦tt♦
❱❡rsã♦ ❈♦rr✐❣✐❞❛
✭✈❡rsã♦ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❞✐s♣♦♥í✈❡❧ ♥❛ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡ q✉❡ ❛❧♦❥❛ ♦ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛✮
AUTORIZO A REPRODUÇÃO E DIVULGAÇÃO TOTAL OU PARCIAL DESTE TRABALHO, POR QUALQUER MEIO CONVENCIONAL OU ELETRÔNICO PARA FINS DE ESTUDO E PESQUISA, DESDE QUE CITADA A FONTE.
Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo Serviço de Biblioteca e Informação do IFSC, com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a)
Suárez Ballesteros, Camilo Arturo
Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas fe3o4@au e desenvolvimento de sensores para aplicações em nanomedicina. / Camilo Arturo Suárez Ballesteros; orientador Valtencir Zucolotto - versão corrigida --São Carlos, 2012.
102 p.
Dissertação (Mestrado - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física Aplicada Biomolecular) -- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 2012.
1. Nanopartículas Fe3O4@Au. 2. Sensor de Dopamina. 3. Toxicidade das Nps Fe3O4@Au. I. Zucolotto,
❆♦s ♠❡✉s ♣❛✐s✱ ❈❛r❧♦s ❡ ▲✉③❛✱ ❡ ❛♦ ♠❡✉s ✐r♠ã♦s ❉✐❡❣♦ ❡ ❈❛r❧♦s ■✱ ♣♦r ❡st❛r ♣r❡s❡♥t❡s ❡♠ ❝❛❞❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ♠✐♥❤❛ ✈✐❞❛✳
❆●❘❆❉❊❈■▼❊◆❚❖❙
❆♦s ♠❡✉s ♣❛✐s✱ ❈❛r❧♦s ❆rt✉r♦ ❡ ▲✉③ ❆✐❞❛✱ ♣❡❧♦ ❛♣♦✐♦ ✐♥❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❛❧ ❡ ✐♥❝❡t✐✈♦ ❡♠ ❝❛❞❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ♠✐♥❤❛ ✈✐❞❛✳
❆♦s ♠❡✉s ✐r♠ã♦s ❉✐❡❣♦ ◆✐❝♦❧❛s ❡ ❈❛r❧♦s ■✈❛♥✱ ♣♦r s❡r ♠❡✉s ❝♦♥✜❞❡♥t❡s ❡ ♣♦r s❡✉s sá❜✐♦s ❝♦♥s❡❧❤♦s✳
❆ t♦❞❛ ♠✐♥❤❛ ❢❛♠í❧✐❛ ❡ ❛♠✐❣♦s ❡♠ ❈♦❧ô♠❜✐❛ ♣♦r s❡♠♣r❡ ❡st❛r ♣r❡s❡♥t❡s✳
❆♦ Pr♦❢✳ ❉r✳ ❱❛❧t❡♥❝✐r ❩✉❝♦❧♦tt♦ ♣♦r ❞❛r✲♠❡ ❛ ♦♣♦rt✉♥✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❛♣r❡♥❞❡r ❝♦✐s❛s t♦t❛❧♠❡♥t❡ ♥♦✈❛s ❡ ✐♥t❡r❡ss❛♥t❡s ❡ ♣♦r ❞❛r✲♠❡ s✉❛ ❝♦♥✜❛♥ç❛ ♣❛r❛ ♦ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ♠✐♥❤❛ ♣❡sq✉✐s❛✳
❆♦ ■♥st✐t✉t♦ ❞❡ ❋ís✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❙ã♦ ❈❛r❧♦s✱ ♣❡❧❛ ♦♣♦rt✉♥✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ r❡❛❧✐③❛çã♦ ❞♦ ♠❡str❛❞♦✳ ❆ ❈❛♣❡s ♣❡❧♦ ❛✉①í❧✐♦ ✜♥❛♥❝❡✐r♦✳
❆♦ Pr♦❢❡ss♦r ❆❞✐❧s♦♥ ❡ ❆♥❞ré ❞♦ ●r✉♣♦ ❞❡ ❙✉♣❡r❝♦♥❞✉t✐✈✐❞❛❞❡ ❡ ▼❛❣♥❡t✐s♠♦ ❞❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞❡ ❋❡❞❡r❛❧ ❞❡ ❙ã♦ ❈❛r❧♦s ♣❡❧❛ ❝♦❧❛❜♦r❛çã♦ ♥♦s ❡①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t♦s ❡♠ ❙◗❯■❉✳
❆♦ Pr♦❢❡ss♦r ❈❧❡❜❡r ❞♦ ●r✉♣♦ ❞❡ ❋♦tô♥✐❝❛ ♣♦r ♣❡r♠✐t✐r✲♠❡ r❡❛❧✐③❛r ❡①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t♦s ❝♦♠ ♦s ▲❛s❡rs✳
❆♦s ❉♦❝❡♥t❡s ❡ ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥ár✐♦s ❞♦ ●r✉♣♦ ❞❡ ❇✐♦❢ís✐❝❛ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ✏❙❡r❣✐♦ ▼❛r❝❛r❡♥❤❛s✑✱ ❡♠ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧ ❛ ❇❡❧✱ ♣♦r ❡♥s✐♥❛r✲♠❡ ❛ tr❛❜❛❧❤❛r ♥♦ ❧❛❜♦r❛tór✐♦ ❡ s✉❛ ♣❛❝✐ê♥❝✐❛ q✉❛♥❞♦ ❡✉ ❝♦♠❡t✐❛ ❛s ✏❝❛♠✐❧✐ss❡s✑✳
➚ ■❡❞❛ ♣❡❧❛ ❛❥✉❞❛ ❝♦♠ ♦s ❡①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❝✐t♦t♦①✐❝✐❞❛❞❡✳
➚ ❊st❡r✱ s❡❝r❡tár✐❛ ❞♦ ●r✉♣♦ ❞❡ ❇✐♦❢ís✐❝❛ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r✱ ❡ ❛♦s ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥ár✐♦s ❞❛ ❜✐❜❧✐♦t❡❝❛ ♣♦r s✉❛ ❛♠❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❡♠ ❝❛❞❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦ q✉❡ ♣r❡❝✐s❡✐ ❞❡❧❡s✳
➚ ❱❛❧ér✐❛ ♣♦r t♦❞♦s ❡♥s✐♥❛♠❡♥t♦s ❛♣r❡♥❞✐❞♦s ❝♦♠ ✈♦❝ê ❡ ♣♦r ♣❡r♠✐t✐r✲♠❡ tr❛❜❛❧❤❛r ❝♦♠ s✉❛ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛ ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧✳
➚ ❏ú ♣♦r s✉❛ ❛♠✐③❛❞❡ ❡ ♣♦r s❡r ✉♠❛ ót✐♠❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥❤❡✐r❛ ❞❡ tr❛❜❛❧❤♦✳ ❆♣r❡♥❞✐ ♠✉✐t♦✦✦✦ ❆♦ ❋❛❜rí❝✐♦ ♣♦r t♦❞❛s s❡✉s ❞✐❝❛s ♥♦ ❧❛❜♦r❛tór✐♦✱ ♣♦r s✉❛ ✈❛❧✐♦s❛ ❛♠✐③❛❞❡✳
❆ ♠❡✉ ❛♠✐❣♦ ❲❛❣♥❡r ❘❛❢❛❡❧✱ ♣♦r t♦❞♦s ♦s ♠♦♠❡♥t♦s ❝♦♠♣❛rt✐❧❤❛❞♦s ❞❡♥tr♦ ❡ ❢♦r❛ ❞♦ ❧❛❜♦r❛tór✐♦✱ ❡ ♣♦r t♦❞♦ s❡✉ ❛♣♦✐♦✳
❆ ♠❡✉s ❛♠✐❣♦s ❈♦❧♦♠❜✐❛♥♦s ❡♠ ❙ã♦ ❈❛r❧♦s✿ ❆♥❞rés✱ ❏❛❝❦s♦♥✱ ❍❡♥r②✱ ▼✐❣✉❡✱ ❘♦❞♦✱ ❙❛♥❞r❛✱ ❊❞✇✐♥✱ ❲✐❧s♦♥✱ ❉❛✈✐❞✳✳✳ ♣♦r s❡r❡♠ ✉♠❛ ❣r❛♥❞❡ ❢❛♠í❧✐❛✳
❆ ♠❡✉s ❛♠✐❣♦s ●r✐♥❣♦s ❍❡❧♠❛r✱ ❆❧❡ss❛♥❞r♦✱ ❉♦♠✐♥❦ ❡ ❆str✐❞ ♣♦r s✉❛ ❣r❛♥❞❡ ❛♠✐③❛❞❡ ❡ t♦❞♦s ♦s ♠♦♠❡♥t♦s ❝♦♠♣❛rt✐❧❤❛❞♦s✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧♠❡♥t❡ ❡♠ ❯❜❛t✉❜❛✦
❯♥❛ ✐❞❡❛ ♣✉❡❞❡ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛rs❡ ❡♥ ♣♦❧✈♦ ♦ ❡♥ ♠❛❣✐❛ ❞❡♣❡♥✲ ❞✐❡♥❞♦ ❞❡❧ t❛❧❡♥t♦ ❝♦♥ q✉❡ ❧❛ ❢r♦t❡s✳
❘❡s✉♠♦
❇❆▲▲❊❙❚❊❘❖❙✱ ❈✳❆✳❙✳ ❙í♥t❡s❡ ❡ ❝❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛çã♦ ❞❡ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s F e3O4@Au ❡ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ s❡♥s♦r❡s ♣❛r❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❡♠ ♥❛♥♦♠❡❞✐❝✐♥❛✳ ✷✵✶✷✳ ✶✵✹♣✳ ❉✐ss❡rt❛çã♦ ✭▼❡str❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❝✐ê♥❝✐❛s✮ ✲ ■♥st✐t✉t♦ ❞❡ ❋ís✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❙ã♦ ❈❛r❧♦s✱ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❙ã♦ P❛✉❧♦✱ ❙ã♦ ❈❛r❧♦s✱ ✷✵✶✷✳
❈♦♠ ♦ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ♥♦✈♦s ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s tê♠✲s❡ ❞❡s❝♦❜❡rt♦ ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❡❧❡trô♥✐✲ ❝❛s✱ ❡❧étr✐❝❛s✱ ó♣t✐❝❛s ❡ ❝❛t❛❧ít✐❝❛s ú♥✐❝❛s ♣❛r❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ♥❛♥♦t❡❝♥♦❧ó❣✐❝❛s✳ ❊♥tr❡ ❡st❡s ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ❝♦♠ ❝❛r❛t❡ríst✐❝❛s s✐♥❣✉❧❛r❡s✱ ❡stã♦ ❛s ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ✭◆♣✮ ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧✱ ❛s q✉❛✐s ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛♠ ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❢ís✐❝♦✲q✉í♠✐❝❛s ❞❡ ❞♦✐s ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡s✱ ♣r♦✈❡♥❞♦ ♠❛✐♦r ❡✜❝✐ê♥❝✐❛ ❡♠ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❝♦♠♦ ♥❛♥♦❡❧❡trô♥✐❝❛✱ s❡♥s♦r❡❛♠❡♥t♦✱ ❜✐♦ss❡♥s♦r❡❛♠❡♥t♦ ❡ ❜✐♦♠é❞✐❝❛s✳ ◆❡st❡ tr❛❜❛❧❤♦✱ ◆♣ ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧ sã♦ s✐♥t❡t✐③❛❞❛ ❝♦♠ ♥ú❝❧❡♦ ✭❈♦r❡✮ ❞❡ ◆♣ F e3O4 ❡ ❝♦♠ ❝❛s❝❛ ✭❙❤❡❧❧✮ ❞❡ ◆♣ ❆✉✱ ❢♦r♠❛♥❞♦ ❛s ◆♣s F e3O4@Au ♥❛ ♣r❡s❡♥ç❛ ❞♦ ❞❡♥✲ ❞rí♠❡r♦ ♣♦❧✐✭❛♠✐❞♦❛♠✐♥❛✮ ❣❡r❛çã♦ ✹✳✵ ✭P❛♠❛♠ ●✹✮✳ ❆s ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❢ís✐❝♦✲q✉í♠✐❝❛s ❞♦ ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ❝♦r❡✲s❤❡❧❧ sã♦ ❡st✉❞❛❞❛s ❛tr❛✈és ❞❡ ❛♥á❧✐s❡s ❡s♣❡❝tr♦s❝ó♣✐❝❛s✱ ♠✐❝r♦s❝ó♣✐❛s ❡ ❡❧❡tr♦q✉í♠✐❝❛s✱ ❛❧é♠ ❞❡ ♠❡❞✐❞❛s ❞❡ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐③❛çã♦✳ ❊ss❛s té❝♥✐❝❛s r❡✈❡❧❛♠ ❛ ❢♦r♠❛çã♦ ❞❛s ◆♣s ❆✉ ♥❛s ❝❛✈✐❞❛❞❡s ❞♦ P❛♠❛♠ ●✹ ❡ ❛s ✐♥t❡r❛çõ❡s ❡❧❡tr♦stát✐❝❛s ❡♥tr❡ ♦s ❣r✉♣♦s ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❞♦ P❛♠❛♠ ●✹ ❡ ♦s ❣r✉♣♦s OH− ❡ H+ ❞❛ s✉♣❡r❢í❝✐❡ ❞❛s ◆♣s ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝❛s✱ ❛s
q✉❛✐s ❞ã♦ ✉♠❛ ❢♦rt❡ ❡st❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ♥❛ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛çã♦ ❞❛ ◆♣ F e3O4@Au✳ ❊✈✐❞❡♥❝✐❛✲s❡ ♣r♦✲ ♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ót✐❝❛s ❞❛ ◆♣ ❆✉ ❡ ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s s✉♣❡r♣❛r❛♠❛❣♥ét✐❝❛s ❞❛ ◆♣ F e3O4✱ ❛s q✉❛✐s ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r ✉s❛❞❛s ♣❛r❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❡♠ ♥❛♥♦♠❡❞✐❝✐♥❛✳ ❆s ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❡❧❡❝tr♦❝❛t❛❧ít✐❝❛s ❞❛s ◆♣s sã♦ ✉t✐❧✐③❛❞❛s ♥❛ ❞❡t❡❝çã♦ ❞❡ ❞♦♣❛♠✐♥❛ ✭❉❆✮✳ ❋♦r❛♠ ❢❛❜r✐❝❛❞♦s s❡♥s♦r❡s ❡❧❡tr♦✲ q✉í♠✐❝♦s ❞❛s ◆♣s F e3O4@Au✱ ◆♣s F e3O4 ❡ ◆♣s ❆✉✱ ❡ ❝❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛❞♦s ♣♦r té❝♥✐❝❛s ❞❡ ✈♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❝í❝❧✐❝❛ ❡ ✈♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❞❡ ♣✉❧s♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❧✳ ❆ ❢❛❜r✐❝❛çã♦ ❞♦s s❡♥s♦r❡s ❝♦♥s✐st✐✉ ♥❛ ❞❡♣♦s✐çã♦ ❞❡ ❝❛♠❛❞❛s ❛❧t❡r♥❛❞❛s ❡♥tr❡ ❛s ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❝♦♠ ♦ ♣♦❧✐â♥✐♦♥ ♣♦❧②✭á❝✐❞♦ ✈✐♥✐❧ s✉❧❢ô♥✐❝♦✮ ✭P❱❙✮ ♥♦ ❡❧❡tr♦❞♦ ❞❡ ■❚❖✱ ❧❡✈❛♥❞♦ à ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛çã♦ ❞❡ três ❛rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛s❀ IT O −(F e3O4@Au/P V S)✱ IT O −(F e3O4/P V S) ❡ IT O −(Au/P V S)✳ ❯♠ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❡♥❝♦♥tr❛❞♦ ♥❛ ❞❡t❡❝çã♦ ❞❡ ❉❆ é q✉❡ ❡st❛ t❡♠ ♣♦t❡♥❝✐❛✐s ❞❡ ♦①✐❞❛çã♦ ❛♣r♦①✐♠❛❞❛♠❡♥t❡ ✐❣✉❛✐s ❛♦ á❝✐❞♦ ❛s❝ór❜✐❝♦ ✭❆❆✮ ❡ ❛♦ á❝✐❞♦ úr✐❝♦ ✭❆❯✮✳ P♦rt❛♥t♦✱ ♦s s❡♥s♦r❡s ✉t✐❧✐③❛❞♦s ♥❛ ❞❡t❡❝çã♦ ❞❡ ❉❆✱ ❞❡✈❡♠ s❡r ❛❧t❛♠❡♥t❡ s❡❧❡t✐✈♦s ❛ ❉❆ ❡♠ r❡❧❛çã♦ ❛ s❡✉s ✐♥t❡r❢❡r❡♥t❡s✳ ❖s s❡♥s♦r❡s ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐❞♦s ❛q✉✐ ♠♦str❛r❛♠ ✉♠❛ ❜♦❛ s❡❧❡t✐✈✐❞❛❞❡ ❡ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ r❡s♣♦st❛ ♥❛ ❞❡t❡❝çã♦ ❞❡ ❉❆✱ s❡♥❞♦ ♦ s❡♥s♦r IT O−(F e3O4@Au/P V S) ♦ ♠❛✐s ❡✜❝✐❡♥t❡✳ ❆s ◆♣s F e3O4@Au r❡✈❡❧❛♠ ♠❛✐♦r ❝✐t♦t♦①✐❝✐❞❛❞❡ ♥❛s ❝é❧✉❧❛s ❝❛♥❝❡rí❣❡♥❛s ❝♦♠♣❛r❛❞❛s ❝♦♠ ❛s ❝é❧✉❧❛s s❛✉❞á✈❡✐s✱ ❥á q✉❡ ❛s ❝é❧✉❧❛s ❝❛♥❝❡rí❣❡♥❛s sã♦ ♠❛✐s s❡♥sí✈❡✐s ❛♦ ❡str❡ss❡ ♦①✐❞❛t✐✈♦ ♣r♦❞✉③✐❞♦ ♣❡❧❛s ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ♥♦ ✐♥t❡r✐♦r ❞❛ ❝é❧✉❧❛✳
❆❇❙❚❘❆❈❚
❇❆▲▲❊❙❚❊❘❖❙✱ ❈✳❆✳❙✳ ❙②♥t❤❡s✐s ❛♥❞ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢F e3O4@Au♥❛♥♦♣❛r✲ t✐❝❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥t ♦❢ s❡♥s♦rs ❢♦r ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ♥❛♥♦♠❡❞✐❝✐♥❡✳ ✷✵✶✷✳ ✶✵✹♣✳ ❉✐ss❡rt❛çã♦ ✭▼❡str❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❝✐ê♥❝✐❛s✮ ✲ ■♥st✐t✉t♦ ❞❡ ❋ís✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❙ã♦ ❈❛r❧♦s✱ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❙ã♦ P❛✉❧♦✱ ❙ã♦ ❈❛r❧♦s✱ ✷✵✶✷✳
❆❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥t ♦❢ ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❝❛♠❡ t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❛♥❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ✉♥✐q✉❡ ❡❧❡tr♦♥✐❝✱ ♦♣t✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❝❛t❛❧✐t②❝❛❧ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛② ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ❢♦r ❛ ✈❛r✐❡t② ♦❢ ♥❛♥♦t❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✳ ❆ s♣❡❝✐❛❧ ❝❧❛ss ♦❢ ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ✇✐t❤ ✐♥t❡r❡st✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r❛❝✲ t❡r✐st✐❝s ✐s r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡ t❤❡ ♣❤②s✐❝♦❝❤❡♠✲ ✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ t✇♦ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ✭✐♥❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ ♦①✐❞❡s✱ ♠❡t❛❧s✱ s❡♠✐❝♦♥❞✉❝t♦rs ♦r ♣♦❧②♠❡rs✮✳ ❚❤✐s ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡s ❣r❡❛t❡r ❡✣❝✐❡♥❝② ✐♥ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s s✉❝❤ ❛s ♥❛♥♦✲ ❡❧❡❝tr♦♥✐❝s✱ s❡♥s✐♥❣✱ ❜✐♦s❡♥s✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❜✐♦♠❡❞✐❝❛❧ ❛r❡❛s✳ ❚❤✐s st✉❞② r❡♣♦rts t❤❡ s②♥t❤❡s✐s ♦❢ F e3O4 ◆♣✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦❧②❛♠✐❞♦ ❛♠✐♥❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ✹✳✵ ✭P❛♠❛♠ ●✹✮✱ ✐s ❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❆✉ ◆♣ ❢♦r♠✐♥❣ t❤❡ F e3O4@Au ◆♣s✳ ❚❤❡ ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❤❛❞ ❜❡❡♥ ❝❤❛r✲ ❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ✉s✐♥❣ s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣✐❝✱ ♠✐❝r♦s❝♦♣✐❝ ❛♥❞ ❡❧❡❝tr♦❝❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s✳ ❚❤❡ r❡s✉❧ts r❡✈❡❛❧❡❞ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❆✉ ◆♣s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝❛✈✐t✐❡s ♦❢ P❆▼❆▼ ●✹ ❛♥❞ s❤♦✇❡❞ t❤❛t t❤❡ ❡❧❡❝tr♦st❛t✐❝ ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ P❆▼❆▼ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❣r♦✉♣s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ OH− ❛♥❞ H+
❣r♦✉♣s ♦♥ t❤❡ s✉r❢❛❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐❝ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s ❧❡❛❞ t♦ ❛ str♦♥❣ st❛❜✐❧✐t② ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♥✲ ✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ F e3O4@Au ◆♣s✳ ❚❤❡ ♦♣t✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❆✉ ◆♣ ✭♥❛♠❡❧② t❤❡ ♣❧❛s♠♦♥ r❡s♦♥❛♥❝❡ ❜❛♥❞ ❛t ✺✹✷ ♥♠✮ ❛s ✇❡❧❧ ❛s t❤❡ s✉♣❡r♣❛r❛♠❛❣♥❡t✐❝ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ t❤❡F e3O4 ◆♣ ✇❡r❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦r❡✲s❤❡❧❧ ♥❛♥♦str✉t✉r❡s✳ ❉✉❡ t♦ t❤❡✐r ❡❧❡❝tr♦❝❛t❛❧②t✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s✱ t❤❡ ❝♦r❡✲s❤❡❧❧ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s ✇❡r❡ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ❛s ❛❝t✐✈❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ❢♦r ❞♦♣❛♠✐♥❡ ✭❉❆✮ ❞❡t❡❝✲ t✐♦♥✳ ❚❤❡ ❢❛❜r✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞✐✜❡❞ ❡❧❡❝tr♦❞❡s ❢♦r ❉❆ ❞❡t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❝♦♥s✐st❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❡♣♦s✐✲ t✐♦♥ ❜② ▲❜▲ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡ ♦❢ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ❧❛②❡rs ♦❢ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s ❛♥❞ ♣♦❧②✭✈✐♥②❧ s✉❧❢♦♥✐❝ ❛❝✐❞✮ ✭P❱❙✮ ♦♥ t❤❡ ■❚❖ ❡❧❡tr♦❞❡✱ ✐♥ t❤r❡❡ ❞✐st✐♥❝t ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡s✿ IT O−(F e3O4@Au/P V S)✱ IT O−(F e3O4/P V S)❛♥❞ IT O−(Au/P V S)✳ ❲❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈✐t② ❛♥❞ r❛♣✐❞ r❡✲ s♣♦♥s❡ t♦✇❛r❞ t❤❡ ❞❡t❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❉❆✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ t❤❡ s❡♥s♦rIT O−(F e3O4@Au/P V S)t❤❡ ♠♦st
❡✣❝✐❡♥t✳ ❚❤❡ ❡✛❡❝t ♦❢ F e3O4@Au ◆♣s s❤♦✇❡❞ ❛ ❤✐❣❤❡r ❝②t♦t♦①✐❝✐t② ✐♥ ❝❛♥❝❡r ❝❡❧❧s ❝♦♠✲ ♣❛r❡❞ t♦ ❤❡❛❧t❤② ❝❡❧❧s✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❝❛♥❝❡r ❝❡❧❧s ❛r❡ ♠♦r❡ s❡♥s✐t✐✈❡ t♦ ♦①✐❞❛t✐✈❡ str❡ss ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s✳
▲✐st❛ ❞❡ ❋✐❣✉r❛s
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✶✳✶ ❈♦♠♣❛r❛çã♦ ❞❡ ♥í✈❡✐s ❞❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐❛ ❡♥tr❡ ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ❡st❡♥❞✐❞♦s✱ ♥❛♥♦♣❛r✲ t✐❝✉❧❛s ❡ ♠♦❧é❝✉❧❛s✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✾ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✷✳✶ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛çã♦ ❡sq✉❡♠át✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❡st❛❜✐❧✐③❛çã♦ ❞❡ ♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ♣❡❧♦ ❡❢❡✐t♦✿ ❛✮
❡❧❡tr♦stát✐❝♦ ❡ ❜✮ ❡stér✐❝♦✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✶ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✸✳✶ ❊①❡♠♣❧♦s ❞❡ ♦❜❥❡t♦s ❞❡ ❞✐♠❡♥sã♦ q✉❛s❡✲③❡r♦ ✭✵❉✮ q✉❡ ♣♦❞❡ s❡r ❝❧❛ss✐✲
✜❝❛❞♦ ❝♦♠♦ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛ ✭✶✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✶ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✹✳✶ ✭❛✮ ❊str✉t✉r❛ ❡s♣✐♥é❧✐♦ ❝ú❜✐❝♦ ❝❡♥tr❛❞♦ ♥❛s ❢❛❝❡s ❞❛ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐t❛✳ ✭❜✮
❩♦♦♠ ❞❡ ✉♠ t❡tr❛❡❞r♦ ❡ ✉♠ ♦❝t❛❡❞r♦ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t❡ ❝♦♠♣❛rt✐❧❤❛♥❞♦ ✉♠ át♦♠♦ ❞❡ ♦①✐❣ê♥✐♦✳ ❆s ❡s❢❡r❛s ♠❛✐♦r❡s r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛♠ át♦♠♦s ❞❡ ❢❡rr♦
F etet ❡ F eoct s♦❜r❡ s✉❜✲r❡❞❡s t❡tr❛é❞r✐❝❛s ❡ ♦❝t❛é❞r✐❝❛s✱ r❡s♣❡❝t✐✈❛✲
♠❡♥t❡✳ ❊s❢❡r❛s ♠❡♥♦r❡s sã♦ át♦♠♦s ❞❡ ♦①✐❣ê♥✐♦✳ ❖s ♣❛râ♠❡tr♦s ❞❡ r❡❞❡ a♥♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ ✭✵✵✶✮ ❡ c♥❛ ❞✐r❡çã♦ ♣❡r♣❡♥❞✐❝✉❧❛r ❛ ❡st❡ sã♦ ✐❞ê♥t✐❝♦s
♥❛s ❝♦♥❞✐çõ❡s ❞❡ ❡q✉✐❧í❜r✐♦✳ ❆ ♠❡♥♦r s✐♠❡tr✐❛ ♥❡st❡ ❝❛s♦ t❛♠❜é♠ ♣❡r✲ ♠✐t❡ ❛ ❞✐st✐♥çã♦ ❡♥tr❡ át♦♠♦s ❞❡ ♦①✐❣ê♥✐♦ ❛①✐❛✐sOax ❡ ❡q✉❛t♦r✐❛✐sOeq✳
✭✷✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✷ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✹✳✷ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛çã♦ ❡sq✉❡♠át✐❝❛ ❞❡ ✉♠ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ❢❡rr♦♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦✳ ✭❛✮ ▼✉❧t✐✲
❞♦♠í♥✐♦s ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦s ✐♥✐❝✐❛❧♠❡♥t❡ ❞❡s♠❛❣♥❡t✐③❛❞♦s✳ ✭❜✮ ◆❛ ♣r❡s❡♥ç❛ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❝❛♠♣♦ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦ ❡①t❡r♥♦(H)✳ ✭❝✮ ▼♦♥♦❞♦♠í♥✐♦ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✹ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✹✳✸ ✭❛✮ ❊✐①♦ ❞❡ ❢á❝✐❧ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐③❛çã♦ ❞❡ ♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝❛ ✭❜✮ ❇❛rr❡✐r❛ ❞❡
❡♥❡r❣✐❛ q✉❡ ♦ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦ ❞❡✈❡ ✉❧tr❛♣❛ss❛r ♣❛r❛ s♦❢r❡r r❡✈❡rsã♦✳
✭✸✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✺ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✺✳✶ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛çã♦ ❡sq✉❡♠át✐❝❛ ❞♦ ❞❡s❧♦❝❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❛ ♥✉✈❡♠ ❡❧❡trô♥✐❝❛ ❞❛s
♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s s♦❜ ♦ ❡❢❡✐t♦ ❞❛ r❛❞✐❛çã♦ ❡❧❡tr♦♠❛❣♥ét✐❝❛ ✭✹✮✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✻ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✻✳✶ ❱❛r✐❡❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧✳ ❛✮ ❙✉♣❡r❢í❝✐❡ ❞♦ ❝♦r❡ ♠♦❞✲
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✼✳✶ ❊sq✉❡♠❛ ❞♦ ♣r♦❝❡ss♦ ❞❡ ❞❡♣♦s✐çã♦ ❞❡ ✜❧♠❡ ▲❇▲✳ P❛ss♦ ✶ ❡ ✸ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ❛ ❛❜s♦rçã♦ ❞♦ ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ❛♥✐ô♥✐❝♦s ❡ ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ❝❛t✐ô♥✐❝♦s r❡s♣❡t✐✈❛♠❡♥t❡✱ ❡ ♣❛ss♦s ✷ ❡ ✹ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛♠ ❛ ❧❛✈❛❣❡♠✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✵ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✹✳✷✳✶ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛F e3O4✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✽ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✹✳✸✳✶ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛çã♦ ❡sq✉❡♠át✐❝❛ ❞❛ sí♥t❡s❡s ❞❛ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛F e3O4@Au♥❛
♣r❡s❡♥ç❛ ❞♦ ❞❡♥❞rí♠❡r♦ P❛♠❛♠ ●✹✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✽ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✹✳✸✳✷ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛F e3O4@Au✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✾ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✹✳✸✳✸ ❊sq✉❡♠❛ ❞♦ ❞❡♥❞rí♠❡r♦ P❛♠❛♠ ●✹✱ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛✲s❡ ❛ ❡str✉t✉r❛ ♠♦❧❡❝✉✲
❧❛r ❞❛ ●✶ ❡ ●✹ ❞♦ P❛♠❛♠✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✵ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✹✳✸✳✹ ❊str✉t✉r❛ q✉í♠✐❝❛ ❞♦ P❱❙✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✵ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✹✳✶✶✳✶❈♦♠♣♦rt❛♠❡♥t♦ tí♣✐❝♦ ❡♠ ❡①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t♦s ❩❋❈ ❡ ❋❈✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✼ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✹✳✶✷✳✶ ❱♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❝í❝❧✐❝❛✳ ✭❛✮ ❖♥❞❛ tr✐❛♥❣✉❧❛r ❞❡ ❡①❝✐t❛çã♦✳ ✭❜✮ ❱♦❧t❛♠♦✲
❣r❛♠❛ tí♣✐❝♦✱ ❝♦♠ ♦s s❡✉s ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛✐s ♣❛râ♠❡tr♦s✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✽ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✹✳✶✷✳✷❱♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❞❡ ♣✉❧s♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❧✳ ✭❛✮P✉❧s♦s ❞❡ ❡①❝✐t❛çã♦✳ ✭❜✮ ❘❡s♣♦st❛
tí♣✐❝❛ ❞❡ ✉♠ ♣✉❧s♦✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✾ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✺✳✶✳✶ ❊s♣❡❝tr♦s ❞❡ ❛❜s♦r❜â♥❝✐❛ ♥❛ r❡❣✐ã♦ ✈✐sí✈❡❧ ❞♦s ❝♦♠♣♦st♦s ❞❛ ◆♣ ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧✳
✭❛✮ ◆♣F e3O4@Au−P amam G4,✭❜✮ ◆♣ F e3O4✱ ✭❝✮ ❙♦❜r❡♥❛❞❛♥t❡ ❞❛
sí♥t❡s❡✱ ✭❞✮ ◆♣ ❆✉✲P❛♠❛♠ ●✹✱ ✭❡✮ ♦ ❞❡♥❞rí♠❡r♦ P❛♠❛♠ ●✹ ❡ ♦ P❱❙✳ ✳ ✻✷ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✺✳✶✳✷ ❊s♣❡❝tr♦ ❞❡ ❛❜s♦rçã♦ ❞❛ ◆♣ F e3O4@Au−P amam G4 ❡♠ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡s
❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çõ❡s ❡ ❛❥✉st❡ ❧✐♥❡❛r ❞♦ ✈❛❧♦r ♠á①✐♠♦ ❞❛ ❜❛♥❞❛ ❞❡ r❡ss♦♥â♥❝✐❛ ♣❧❛s♠ô♥✐❝❛ ❡♠ ❢✉♥çã♦ ❞❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çã♦ t♦t❛❧ ❞❡ ◆♣ ❝♦r❡❅s❤❡❧❧✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✸ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✺✳✶✳✸ ❍✐st♦❣r❛♠❛ ♦❜t✐❞♦ ❛ ♣❛rt✐r ❞❡ ❉▲❙ ♣❛r❛ ❛♠♦str❛ ❞❡ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛
F e3O4@Au. ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✹ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✺✳✶✳✹ ❊s♣❡tr♦ ❋❚✲■❘ ❞♦s ❝♦♠♣♦st♦s ❞❛ sí♥t❡s❡s ◆♣ ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧✳ ✭❛✮ P❛♠❛♠
●✹✱ ✭❜✮ ◆♣ ❆✉✲P❛♠❛♠ ●✹✱ ✭❝✮ ◆♣F e3O4✱ ✭❞✮ ◆♣ F e3O4@Au✲P❛♠❛♠
●✹ ❡ ✭❡✮ ❙♦❜r❡♥❛❞❛♥t❡ ❞❛ ◆♣F e3O4@Au✲P❛♠❛♠ ●✹✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✻ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✺✳✶✳✺ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛çã♦ ❡sq✉❡♠át✐❝❛ ❞❛ ✐♥t❡r❛çã♦ ❡♥tr❡ ♦s ❣r✉♣♦sH+❡OH−❞❛
◆♣F e3O4 ❡ ♦s ❛❣r✉♣❛♠❡♥t♦s ❞♦ P❛♠❛♠ ●✹✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✼ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✺✳✶✳✻ P❛trã♦ ❞❡ ❞✐❢r❛çã♦ ❞❡ r❛✐♦s ❳✱ ❛✮ ◆♣ ❆✉✱ ❜✮ ◆♣F e3O4❡ ❝✮ ◆♣F e3O4@Au✳
✻✽
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✺✳✶✳✼ ✭❛✮ ❈✉r✈❛ ❞❡ ❤✐st❡r❡s❡s ❞❛ ◆♣F e3O4@Au−P amam G4 ♣❛r❛ t❡♠♣❡r✲
❛t✉r❛s ❞❡ ✺ ❑ ❡ ✸✵✵ ❑ ❡♠ ✉♠ r❛♥❣❡ ❍ ❞❡ ✶✵ ❦❖❡✳ ✭❜✮ ▼❛❣♥❡t✐③❛çã♦ ❡♠ ❢✉♥çã♦ ❞❛ t❡♠♣❡r❛t✉r❛ ♥♦ ♠♦❞♦ ❩❋❈ ❡ ❋❈ ♣❛r❛ ✉♠ ❍ ❞❡ ✶ ❑❖❡ ✳ ✼✵ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✺✳✶✳✽ ❈❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛çã♦ ♣♦r ✈♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❝í❝❧✐❝❛ ❞❡ ✺ ❜✐❝❛♠❛❞❛s ❡♠ ✜❧♠❡s ❛✉✲
t♦♠♦♥t❛❞♦s ❞❛s ◆♣s ❋❡✸❖✹❅❆✉✱ ◆♣s ❋❡✸❖✹ ❡ ◆♣s ❆✉ s♦❜r❡ ✉♠ ❡❧❡tr♦❞♦ ❞❡ ■❚❖ ❡♠ P❇❙ ♣❍ ✼✱✹ ❛ ✉♠❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ✈❛rr❡❞✉r❛ ❞❡ ✶✵✵mV /s✳ ✳ ✼✶
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✺✳✷✳✶ ❆♥á❧✐s❡ ❞❛s ♠❡❞✐❞❛s ❞❡ ❣❡r❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❘❖❙✱ ❝✉❥❛ s✐❣♥✐✜❝â♥❝✐❛ é s❡♠♣r❡ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛❞❛ ❡♠ r❡❧❛çã♦ ❛♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❡ ♥❡❣❛t✐✈♦✳✭❛✮ ❆ ❝é❧✉❧❛ ▲✾✷✾ ♣♦ss✉✐ ❛✉✲ ♠❡♥t♦ ♥❛ ❣❡r❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❘❖❙ ♣❛r❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çõ❡s ❛ ♣❛rt✐r ❞❡ ✷✵µg/mL✳ ✭❜✮
P❛r❛ ❝é❧✉❧❛s ❍❡❧❛✱ ♦ ❛✉♠❡♥t♦ ♦❝♦rr❡ ❡♠ ❛s ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çõ❡s ❛ ♣❛rt✐r ❞❡ ✶✵
µg/mL✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✹
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✺✳✷✳✷ ❈é❧✉❧❛s ▲✾✷✾✿ ✭❛✮ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❡ ♥❡❣❛t✐✈♦✱ ✭❜✮ ❛♣ós ✷❤ ❞❡ ✐♥❝✉❜❛çã♦ ❝♦♠ ◆♣s
F e3O4@Au−P amam G4. ■♠❛❣❡♥s ♦❜t✐❞❛s ❡♠ ✉♠ ♠✐❝r♦s❝ó♣✐♦ ◆✐❦♦♥
❊❝❧✐♣s❡ ❚❙ ✶✵✵ ❛❝♦♣❧❛❞♦ ❛ ✉♠❛ ❝â♠❡r❛ ❞✐❣✐t❛❧ ◆✐❦♦♥ ❉❙✲❘✐✶✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✺ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✺✳✷✳✸ ❈é❧✉❧❛s ❍❡▲❛✿ ✭❛✮ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❡ ♥❡❣❛t✐✈♦✱ ✭❜✮ ❛♣ós ✷❤ ❞❡ ✐♥❝✉❜❛çã♦ ❝♦♠ ◆♣s
F e3O4@Au−P amam G4. ■♠❛❣❡♥s ♦❜t✐❞❛s ❡♠ ✉♠ ♠✐❝r♦s❝ó♣✐♦ ◆✐❦♦♥
❊❝❧✐♣s❡ ❚❙ ✶✵✵ ❛❝♦♣❧❛❞♦ ❛ ✉♠❛ ❝â♠❡r❛ ❞✐❣✐t❛❧ ◆✐❦♦♥ ❉❙✲❘✐✶✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✻
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✶✳✶ ❱❛r✐❛çã♦ ❞❛ ❛❜s♦r❜â♥❝✐❛ ❡♠ ❢✉♥çã♦ ❞♦ t❡♠♣♦ ❞❡ ✐♠❡rsã♦ ❞❛ s✉s♣❡♥sã♦ ❞❡ ◆♣ F e3O4@Au−P amam G4✱ ✭❛✮ ❙✉❜str❛t♦ ■❚❖ ❡♠ ✺✸✹ ♥♠✱ ✭❜✮
❙✉❜str❛t♦ q✉❛rt③♦ ❡♠ ✺✸✺ ♥♠✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✽ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✶✳✷ ✭❛✮ ❊s♣❡❝tr♦s ❞❡ ❛❞s♦rçã♦ ❞♦ ✜❧♠❡ ▲❜▲ ❞❡ ◆♣F e3O4@Au−P amam G4/P V S
❞❡ ✶ ❜✐❝❛♠❛❞❛ ❛té ✶✵ ❜✐❝❛♠❛❞❛s✳ ✭❜✮ ▼♦♥✐t♦r❛♠❡♥t♦ ❡♠ ✺✺✵ ♥♠ ❞♦ ❝r❡s❝✐♠❡♥t♦ ❧✐♥❡❛r ❞♦ ✜❧♠❡ ▲❜▲ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✾ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✶✳✸ ■♠❛❣❡♥s ❞❡ ♠✐❝r♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ❆❋▼ ♣❛r❛ ✸ ❜✐❝❛♠❛❞❛s✱ ✺ ❜✐❝❛♠❛❞❛s ❡ ✶✵ ❜✐✲
❝❛♠❛❞❛s ❞♦ ✜❧♠❡ N p F e3O4@Au−P amam G4/P V S✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✵ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✶✳✹ ❊s♣❡❝tr♦ ❋❚■❘ ♠♦❞♦ tr❛♥s♠✐ssã♦ ❞♦s ❡❧❡♠❡♥t♦s ❞♦ s❡♥s♦r ✭❛✮ P❱❙✱ ✭❜✮
P❛♠❛♠ ●✹✱ ✭❝✮ P❛♠❛♠ ●✹✴P❱❙✱ ✭❞✮ ◆♣ F e3O4✱ ✭❡✮ ◆♣F e3O4@Au−
P amam G4❡ ✭❢✮ ◆♣ F e3O4@Au−P amam G4/P V S✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✶ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✶ ❱♦❧t❛♠♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞♦s ❡❧❡tr♦❞♦s ❞❡ ■❚❖ ❧✐♠♣♦s ✉s❛❞♦s ♥♦s ❡①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t♦s✳ ✳ ✽✷ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✷ ❱♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❝í❝❧✐❝❛ ♦❜t✐❞❛ ♣❛r❛ q✉❛tr♦ ❛rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛s ❞♦ s❡♥s♦r ❞❡ ❉❆✿
♥❡❣r♦ ✸ ❜✐❝❛♠❛❞❛sIT O−(P V S/F e3O4@Au)✱ r♦❥♦ ✸ ❜✐❝❛♠❛❞❛sIT O− (F e3O4@Au/P V S)✱ ❛③✉❧ ✺ ❜✐❝❛♠❛❞❛sIT O−(P V S/F e3O4@Au)✱ ✈❡r❞❡
✺ ❜✐❝❛♠❛❞❛sIT O−(F e3O4@Au/P V S)✱ ♠❛❣♥❡t❛ ■❚❖ ❧✐♠♣♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✷ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✸ ✭❛✮ ❱♦❧t❛♠♦❣r❛♠❛ ❝í❝❧✐❝♦ ♣❛r❛ ✜❧♠❡ ■❚❖✲✭❋❡✸❖✹❅❆✉✴P❱❙✮5 ❛ ❞✐❢❡r✲
❡♥t❡s ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡s ❞❡ ✈❛rr❡❞✉r❛✿ ✷✺✱ ✺✵✱ ✼✺✱ ✶✵✵✱ ✶✷✺✱ ✶✺✵✱ ✶✼✺ ❡ ✷✵✵
mV /s ❝♦♠ ✉♠❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çã♦ ❞❡ ✷✵✵µM ❞❡ ❉❆ ❡♠ t❛♠♣ã♦ P❇❙✳ ✭❜✮
P✐❝♦ ❞❡ ❝♦rr❡♥t❡ ❛♥ó❞✐❝❛ ❡♠ ❢✉♥çã♦ ❞❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ✈❛rr❡❞✉r❛✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✹ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✹ ✭❛✮ ❱♦❧t❛♠♦❣r❛♠❛ ❝í❝❧✐❝♦ ♣❛r❛ ✜❧♠❡ ■❚❖✲✭❆✉✴P❱❙✮5❛ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡s ✈❡❧♦❝✐✲
❞❛❞❡s ❞❡ ✈❛rr❡❞✉r❛✿ ✷✺✱ ✺✵✱ ✼✺✱ ✶✵✵✱ ✶✷✺✱ ✶✺✵✱ ✶✼✺ ❡ ✷✵✵ mV /s ❛ ✉♠❛
❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❉❆ ❞❡ ✷✵✵ µM ❡♠ t❛♠♣ã♦ P❇❙✳ ✭❜✮ P✐❝♦ ❞❡ ❝♦rr❡♥t❡
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✺ ✭❛✮ ❱♦❧t❛♠♦❣r❛♠❛ ❝í❝❧✐❝♦ ♣❛r❛ ✜❧♠❡ ■❚❖✲✭❋❡✸❖✹✴P❱❙✮5 ❛ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡s
✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡s ❞❡ ✈❛rr❡❞✉r❛✿ ✷✺✱ ✺✵✱ ✼✺✱ ✶✵✵✱ ✶✷✺✱ ✶✺✵✱ ✶✼✺ ❡ ✷✵✵ mV /s
❛ ✉♠❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❉❆ ❞❡ ✷✵✵ µM ❡♠ t❛♠♣ã♦ P❇❙✳ ✭❜✮ P✐❝♦ ❞❡
❝♦rr❡♥t❡ ❛♥ó❞✐❝❛ ❡♠ ❢✉♥çã♦ ❞❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ✈❛rr❡❞✉r❛✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✺ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✻ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛IT O−(F e3O4@Au/P V S)5 ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✻ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✼ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛IT O−(Au/P V S)5 ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✼ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✽ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛IT O−(F e3O4/P V S)5 ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✼ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✾ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛çã♦ ❡sq✉❡♠át✐❝❛ ❞❡ s❡♥s♦r ❞❡IT O−(F e3O4@Au/P V S)5 ❡
❛ ♦①✐❞❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❉❆✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✽ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✶✵❈✉r✈❛ ❞❡ ❈❛❧✐❜r❛çã♦ ♣❡❧❛ té❝♥✐❝❛ ✈♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❞❡ ♣✉❧s♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❧ ❛
❜❛✐①❛s ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çõ❡s ❞❡ ❉❆0,5µM ❛7,5µM ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✾
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✶✶❱♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❞❡ P✉❧s♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❧ ♣❛r❛ ♦ s❡♥s♦rIT O−(F e3O4@Au/P V S)5
♥❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❆ ❞❡ ✷✵✵µM✭❛✮ ❡ ✷✵✵µM ❞❡ ❆❯ ✭❜✮ ♥❛ ♣r❡s❡♥ç❛
❞❡ ✶✵✱ ✸✵✱ ✺✵✱ ✼✵✱ ✾✵ ❡ ✶✵✵µM ❞❡ ❉❆✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✶
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✶✷❱♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❞❡ P✉❧s♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❧ ♣❛r❛ ♦ s❡♥s♦r IT O−(Au/P V S)5 ♥❛
❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❆ ❞❡ ✷✵✵ µM ✭❛✮ ❡ ✷✵✵ µM ❞❡ ❆❯ ✭❜✮ ♥❛ ♣r❡s❡♥ç❛
❞❡ ✶✵✱ ✸✵✱ ✺✵✱ ✼✵✱ ✾✵ ❡ ✶✵✵µM ❞❡ ❉❆✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✶
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✻✳✷✳✶✸❱♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❞❡ P✉❧s♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❧ ♣❛r❛ ♦ s❡♥s♦r IT O−(F e3O4/P V S)5
♥❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❆ ❞❡ ✷✵✵µM✭❛✮ ❡ ✷✵✵µM ❞❡ ❆❯ ✭❜✮ ♥❛ ♣r❡s❡♥ç❛
▲✐st❛ ❞❡ ❚❛❜❡❧❛s
❚❛❜❡❧❛ ✺✳✶ ▼é❞✐❛ ❞❛s ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çõ❡s ❞❡ ◆♣F e3O4@Au−P amam G4✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✸ ❚❛❜❡❧❛ ✺✳✷ P♦t❡♥❝✐❛❧ζ♦❜t✐❞♦ ♣❛r❛ ❞♦s ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡s ❝♦♠♣♦st♦s ♥❛ sí♥t❡s❡s ❞❛ ◆♣ ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧✳ ✻✹
❚❛❜❡❧❛ ✺✳✸ ❚❛♠❛♥❤♦s ❞❡ ◆♣sF e3O4 ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛❞♦s ♣♦r ❉❘❳ ❡ ❙◗❯■❉✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✵ ❚❛❜❡❧❛ ✻✳✶ ❱❛❧♦r❡s ❞❡ ❘✉❣♦s✐❞❛❞❡ ❘♠s ✭♥♠✮ ❞♦s ✜❧♠❡s ❛✉t♦♠♦♥t❛❞♦s ❞❡ ✸❜✐❝❛♠❛❞❛s✱
▲■❙❚❆ ❉❊ ❙■●▲❆❙ ❊ ❆❇❘❊❱■❆❚❯❘❆❙
❆ ❆❆ ❆❋▼ ❆◆❖❱❆ an, bn
❆❯ ❉❆ ❉▲❙ ❉❋❳ ❉❈❋❍✲❉❆ ❉❋❈ Epa Epc El
E1/2 ❋❈ ❋❚■❘ ❍❊▲❆ KB Ipa Ipc ■❚❖ ▲✾✷✾ ◆♣s ◆♣s ❆✉ ◆♣sF e3O4 ◆♣sF e3O4@Au ◆♣s ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧ P❆▼❆▼ ●✹ P❇❙ P❇ P♦t❡❝✐❛❧ ς P❱❙ ❘❖❙ ❆❜s♦r❜â♥❝✐❛ ❆❝✐❞♦ ❆s❝ór❜✐❝♦
♠✐❝r♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ❞❡ ❢♦rç❛ ❛tô♠✐❝❛ ❆♥❛❧✐s❡ ❞❡ ✈❛r✐â♥❝✐❛
❈♦❡✜❝✐❡♥t❡s ❞❡ ▼✐❡ ❆❝✐❞♦ Úr✐❝♦
❉♦♣❛♠✐♥❛
❊s♣❛❧❤❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❧✉③ ❞✐♥â♠✐❝♦ ❉✐❢r❛çã♦ ❞❡ r❛✐♦s ❳
2′ −7′ ❞✐❝❧♦r♦✢✉♦r♦❝❡✐♥❛ ❞✐❛❝❡t❛t♦
2′
−7′
❞✐❝❧♦r♦✢✉♦r♦❝❡✐♥❛ P♦t❡♥❝✐❛✐s ❞❡ ♣✐❝♦ ❛♥ó❞✐❝♦ P♦t❡♥❝✐❛✐s ❞❡ ♣✐❝♦ ❝❛tó❞✐❝♦ P♦t❡♥❝✐❛✐s ❞❡ ✐♥✈❡rsã♦ P♦t❡♥❝✐❛✐s ❞❡ ♠❡❞✐❛ ♦♥❞❛ ❋✐❡❧❞ ❝♦♦❧✐♥❣
❊s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ♥♦ ✐♥❢r❛✈❡r♠❡❧❤♦ ❝♦♠ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛❞❛ ❞❡ ❢♦✉r✐❡r ❈é❧✉❧❛s ❡♣✐t❡❧✐❛✐s ❞❡ ❝❛r❝✐♥♦♠❛ ❞❡ ❝♦❧♦ ❞❡ út❡r♦
❈♦♥st❛♥t❡ ❞❡ ❇♦❧t③♠❛♥♥ ❈♦rr❡♥t❡ ❞❡ ♣✐❝♦ ❛♥ó❞✐❝♦ ❈♦rr❡♥t❡ ❞❡ ♣✐❝♦ ❝❛tó❞✐❝♦
❖①✐❞♦ ❞❡ ❡st❛♥❤♦ ❞♦♣❛❞♦ ❝♦♠ ✐♥❞✐♦ ❋✐❜r♦❜❧❛st♦ ❞❡ ❛❞✐♣ó❝✐t♦s ❞❡ ❝❛♠✉♥❞♦♥❣♦ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s
◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❞❡ ♦✉r♦ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❞❡ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐t❛
◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ♠❛❣♥❡t✐t❛ r❡✈❡st✐❞❛s ❞❡ ♦✉r♦ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧
❉❡♥❞rí♠❡r♦ ♣♦❧✐✭❛♠✐❞♦❛♠✐♥❛✮ ●❡r❛çã♦ ✹ ❚❛♠♣ã♦ ❢♦s❢❛t♦ s❛❧✐♥♦
❚❛♠♣ã♦ ❢♦s❢❛t♦ P♦t❡♥❝✐❛❧ ③❡t❛
❇❘P ❙◗❯■❉ ❚❊▼ ❯❱✲❱■❙ ❱ ❱❈ ❱P❉ ❩❋❈ σ ξm
❚ η r
❇❛♥❞❛ ❞❡ r❡ss♦♥â♥❝✐❛ ♣❧❛s♠ô♥✐❝❛
❙✉♣❡r❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ q✉❛♥t✉♠ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡ ❞❡✈✐❝❡ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ❡❧❡trô♥✐❝❛ ❞❡ tr❛♥s♠✐ssã♦ ❊s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ♥♦ ✉❧tr❛✈✐♦❧❡t❛
❱❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ✈❛rr❡❞✉r❛ ❱♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❝í❝❧✐❝❛
❱♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❞❡ ♣✉❧s♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❧ ❩❡r♦ ✜❡❧❞ ❝♦♦❧✐♥❣
❆❜s♦r❜â♥❝✐❛ t♦t❛❧ ❋✉♥çã♦ ❞✐❡❧étr✐❝❛ ❚❡♠♣❡r❛t✉r❛ ❱✐s❝♦s✐❞❛❞❡
❙✉♠ár✐♦
1 Introduc¸˜ao ✷✼
2 Revis˜ao Bibliogr´afica ✷✾
✷✳✶ ◆❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✾ ✷✳✷ ❊st❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ◆❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✵ ✷✳✸ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✶ ✷✳✹ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ▼❛❣♥ét✐❝❛s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✶ ✷✳✺ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❞❡ ❖✉r♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✻ ✷✳✻ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛ ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✼ ✷✳✻✳✶ Pr♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❞❡ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s F e3O4@Au ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✾ ✷✳✼ ❋✐❧♠❡s ▲❛②❡r✲❜②✲▲❛②❡r ✭▲❜▲✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✾ ✷✳✽ ❙❡♥s♦r❡s ❡❧❡tr♦q✉í♠✐❝♦s ♣❛r❛ ♥❡✉r♦tr❛♥s♠✐ss♦r❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✵ ✷✳✽✳✶ ▼❡❞✐❞❛s ❊❧❡tr♦q✉í♠✐❝❛s ❞❡ ❉♦♣❛♠✐♥❛ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✶ ✷✳✾ ❚♦①✐❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ◆❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✶
✷✳✾✳✶ Pr♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❢ís✐❝♦✲q✉í♠✐❝❛s ❞❡ ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s r❡s♣♦♥sá✈❡✐s ♣❡❧❛ t♦①✲ ✐❝✐❞❛❞❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✷
3 OBJETIVOS ✹✺
4 Materiais e M´etodos ✹✼
✹✳✼ ❊s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ❞❡ ■♥❢r❛✈❡r♠❡❧❤♦ ✭❋❚■❘✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✹ ✹✳✽ ❊s♣❛❧❤❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❧✉③ ❞✐♥â♠✐❝♦ ✭❉▲❙✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✹ ✹✳✾ P♦t❡♥❝✐❛❧ ❩❡t❛ (ζ) ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✺
✹✳✶✵ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ❊❧❡trô♥✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❱❛rr❡❞✉r❛ ❝♦♠ ❈❛♥❤ã♦ ❞❡ ❊♠✐ssã♦ ♣♦r ❊❢❡✐t♦ ❞❡ ❈❛♠♣♦✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✺ ✹✳✶✶ ❙◗❯■❉ ✭❙✉♣❡r❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ◗✉❛♥t✉♠ ■♥t❡r❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ❉❡✈✐❝❡✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✻ ✹✳✶✶✳✶ ❈✉r✈❛s ❩❋❈ ❡ ❋❈✿ t❡♠♣❡r❛t✉r❛ ❞❡ ❜❧♦q✉❡✐♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✻ ✹✳✶✷ ❚é❝♥✐❝❛s ❊❧❡tr♦❛♥❛❧ít✐❝❛s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✼ ✹✳✶✷✳✶ ❱♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❈í❝❧✐❝❛ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✼ ✹✳✶✷✳✷ ❱♦❧t❛♠♣❡r♦♠❡tr✐❛ ❞❡ P✉❧s♦ ❉✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❧ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✽
5 Resultados e Discuss˜ao ✻✶
✺✳✶ ❈❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛çã♦ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛ F e3O4@Au✲P❛♠❛♠ ●✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✶ ✺✳✶✳✶ ❊s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ♥♦ ✈✐sí✈❡❧ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✶ ✺✳✶✳✷ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛çã♦ ❞❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çã♦ ❞❡ ◆♣sF e3O4@Au✲P❛♠❛♠ ●✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✷ ✺✳✶✳✸ ▼❡❞✐❞❛ ❞❡ t❛♠❛♥❤♦ ♣♦r ❊s♣❛❧❤❛♠❡♥t♦ ❉✐♥â♠✐❝♦ ❞❡ ▲✉③ ✭❉▲❙✮ ✳ ✳ ✻✸ ✺✳✶✳✹ ▼❡❞✐❞❛ ❞❡ P♦t❡♥❝✐❛❧ ❩❡t❛ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✹ ✺✳✶✳✺ ❊s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ♥♦ ■♥❢r❛✈❡r♠❡❧❤♦ ✭❋❚■❘✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✺ ✺✳✶✳✻ ❉✐❢r❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❘❛✐♦s ❳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✽ ✺✳✶✳✼ ❙◗❯■❉ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✾ ✺✳✶✳✽ ❱♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❈í❝❧✐❝❛ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✶ ✺✳✶✳✾ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ❊❧❡trô♥✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❱❛rr❡❞✉r❛ ❝♦♠ ❈❛♥❤ã♦ ❞❡ ❊♠✐ssã♦ ♣♦r
❊❢❡✐t♦ ❞❡ ❈❛♠♣♦✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✷ ✺✳✶✳✶✵ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ❊❧❡trô♥✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❚r❛♥s♠✐ssã♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✸ ✺✳✷ ❊♥s❛✐♦s ❞❡ ❈✐t♦t♦①✐❝✐❞❛❞❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✹
6 Sensores de Dopamina ✼✼
✻✳✶ ❈❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛çã♦ ❋✐❧♠❡ ◆♣ F e3O4@Au−P amam G4/P V S ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✼ ✻✳✶✳✶ ❈✐♥ét✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈r❡s❝✐♠❡♥t♦F e3O4@Au−P amam G4❡♠ ■❚❖ ❡ ◗✉❛rt③♦ ✼✼ ✻✳✶✳✷ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ❞❡ ❋♦rç❛ ❆tô♠✐❝❛ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✾ ✻✳✶✳✸ ❊s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ❞❡ ■♥❢r❛✈❡r♠❡❧❤♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✵ ✻✳✷ ❈❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛çã♦ ❡❧❡tr♦q✉í♠✐❝❛ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✶ ✻✳✷✳✶ ❈♦♠♣♦rt❛♠❡♥t♦ ❡❧❡tr♦q✉í♠✐❝♦ ❞❛ ◆♣F e3O4@Au ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✽ ✻✳✷✳✷ ❈✉r✈❛ ❞❡ ❝❛❧✐❜r❛çã♦ ♣♦r ✈♦❧t❛♠❡tr✐❛ ❞❡ ♣✉❧s♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❧ ❞♦ s❡♥s♦r
IT O−(F e3O4@Au/P V S)5 ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✽ ✻✳✷✳✸ ❊st✉❞♦ ❞❡ s❡❧❡t✐✈✐❞❛❞❡ ❞♦s ❡❧❡tr♦❞♦s s❡♥s♦r❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✾
7 Conclus ˜oes ✾✸
✷✼
❈❛♣ít✉❧♦ ✶
■♥tr♦❞✉çã♦
◆❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s t❡♠ ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❡❧❡trô♥✐❝❛s✱ ó♣t✐❝❛s ❡ ❝❛t❛❧ít✐❝❛s ú♥✐❝❛s ♣❛r❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s t❡❝♥♦❧ó❣✐❝❛s✳ ❯♠ ❞❡st❡s ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ❝♦♠ s✐♥❣✉❧❛r❡s ❝❛r❛t❡ríst✐❝❛s sã♦ ❛s ♥❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛s ✭◆♣s✮ ❈♦r❡❅❙❤❡❧❧ q✉❡ ❝♦♥s✐st❡♠ ❞❡ ♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❝♦♥❝ê♥tr✐❝❛s✱ ♥❛s q✉❛✐s✱ ♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❞❡ ✉♠ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ sã♦ r❡✈❡st✐❞❛s ❝♦♠ ✉♠❛ ❝❛♠❛❞❛ ❞❡ ♦✉tr♦ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧✳ ❯s❛♥❞♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡s t✐♣♦s ❞❡ té❝♥✐❝❛s ❞❡ sí♥t❡s❡s é ♣♦ssí✈❡❧ ✭✻✱ ✼✮ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛r ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❞♦s ❞♦✐s ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ✭ó①✐✲ ❞♦s ♠❡tá❧✐❝♦s✱ ♠❡t❛✐s✱ ♣♦❧í♠❡r♦s ❡ s❡♠✐❝♦♥❞✉t♦r❡s✮✳ ❊ss❛ ♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s sã♦ s✐♥t❡t✐③❛❞❛s ❝♦♠ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡s ✜♥s t❡❝♥♦❧ó❣✐❝♦s ❝♦♠♦ ♠❡❧❤♦r❛♠❡♥t♦ ❡♠ ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❧✉♠✐♥❡s❝❡♥t❡s ✭✽✮✱ ❡♥✲ ❣❡♥❤❛r✐❛ ❞❡ ❡str✉t✉r❛ ❞❡ ❜❛♥❞❛ ✭✾✮✱ s❡♥s♦r❡s ❡ ❜✐♦ss❡♥s♦r❡s ✭✶✵✱ ✶✶✮✱ ❡st❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ q✉í♠✐❝❛ ♣❛r❛ ❝♦❧ó✐❞❡s✭✶✷✮ ❡ ❧✐❜❡r❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❢ár♠❛❝♦s ✭✶✶✮✱ ❡t❝✳
◆♣s ❞❡ ó①✐❞♦ ❞❡ ❢❡rr♦ ♣♦ss✉❡♠ ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝❛s✱ ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r ❡stá✈❡✐s ❡♠ ♠é❞✐♦ ❜✐♦❧ó❣✐❝♦ ❝♦rr♦s✐✈♦ ❡ ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r ❢❛❝✐❧♠❡♥t❡ ♠♦❞✐✜❝❛❞❛s ✭✶✸✮✱ t❡♥❞♦ ót✐♠❛s ♣r♦✲ ♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❢ís✐❝♦✲q✉í♠✐❝❛s ♣❛r❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❡♠ ♥❛♥♦♠❡❞✐❝✐♥❛✳ ❆s ◆♣s ❞❡ ♦✉r♦ ✭❆✉✮ t❡♠ ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❡❧❡tr♦❝❛t❛❧ít✐❝❛s✱ ót✐❝❛s ❡ ❡♠ ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛❧✐❞❛❞❡ q✉í♠✐❝❛ ú♥✐❝❛s✭✶✹✱ ✶✺✮✳
❆s ◆♣s ❝♦r❡❅s❤❡❧❧✱ ❝♦♠♦ t♦❞♦ ♥♦✈♦ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ♣♦ss✉❡♠ r✐s❝♦ ❞❡s❝♦♥❤❡❝✐❞♦ ♣❛r❛ ❛ s❛ú❞❡✳ ❉❡✈✐❞♦ ❛♦ s❡✉ t❛♠❛♥❤♦✱ ár❡❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❛❧ ❡ r❡❛t✐✈✐❞❛❞❡ q✉í♠✐❝❛✱ ❡ ❛♦ ❢❛t♦ ❞❡ ✐♥t❡r✲ ❛❣✐r ❢❛❝✐❧♠❡♥t❡ ❝♦♠ ♣r♦t❡í♥❛s✱ ❝é❧✉❧❛s✱ t❡❝✐❞♦s✱ ❛ s✉❛ t♦①✐❝✐❞❛❞❡ ♣♦❞❡ s❡r ❡❧❡✈❛❞❛✳ ❆♣❡s❛r ❞✐ss♦✱ ❡①✐st❡♠ ♣♦✉❝♦s ❡st✉❞♦s t♦①✐❝♦❧ó❣✐❝♦s ♣❛r❛ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛r ♦s ❡❢❡✐t♦s ✐♥ ✈✐✈♦ ❡ ♥♦ ♠❡✐♦ ❛♠❜✐❡♥t❡ ✭✶✻✮✳ ❖s ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛✐s ❡st✉❞♦s t♦①✐❝♦❧ó❣✐❝♦s ❝♦♠ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❣❡r❛❧♠❡♥t❡ sã♦ ❢❡✐t♦s ✐♥ ✈✐tr♦✱ ❡♥❝♦♥tr❛♥❞♦✲s❡ ✉♠❛ ót✐♠❛ r❡s♣♦st❛ ♣❛t♦✜s✐♦❧ó❣✐❝❛ ❡♠ r❡❧❛çã♦ ❛ ♠♦❞❡✲ ❧♦s ❛♥✐♠❛✐s✳ ❆s ♥❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛s sã♦ r❡s♣♦♥sá✈❡✐s ♣❡❧♦ ✐♥❝r❡♠❡♥t♦ ♥❛ ❣❡r❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❡s♣❡❝✐❡s r❡❛t✐✈❛s ❞❡ ♦①✐❣ê♥✐♦ ✭r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ♦①②❣❡♥ s♣❡❝✐❡s✱ ❘❖❙✮✱ s❡♥❞♦ ✉♠ ❢❛t♦r ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ❞❛ t♦①✲ ✐❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❡♠ ❝é❧✉❧❛s✭✶✼✮✳ ◆♦ ❡♥t❛♥t♦✱ é ❞✐❢í❝✐❧ ❡st❛❜❡❧❡❝❡r ♦ ♠❡❝❛♥✐s♠♦ ❞❛ ❝✐t♦t♦①✐❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛s✱ ❛s ♦❜s❡r✈❛çõ❡s ❞❡s❝r❡✈❡♠ ❞❛♥♦s ❡♠ ❉◆❆✱ ❢♦r♠❛çã♦ ❞❡ ♠✐❝r♦♥ú❝❧❡♦s✱ ❝♦♥❞❡♥s❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❝r♦♠❛t✐♥❛ ❡ ❛ ♠♦rt❡ ❝❡❧✉❧❛r ✈✐❛ ❛♣♦♣t♦s❡ ✭✶✽✱ ✶✾✮✳
✷✽ ❈❆P❮❚❯▲❖ ✶✳ ■◆❚❘❖❉❯➬➹❖ ❡ ❞♦ ❛❝✐❞♦ úr✐❝♦ ✭❆❯✮✱ ♣r❡s❡♥t❡s ❡♠ ♠❛✐♦r❡s ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çõ❡s q✉❡ ❛ ❉❆ ♥♦ s❡r❡s ✈✐✈♦s ✭✷✶✕ ✷✸✮✳ P♦rt❛♥t♦✱ ♦ s❡♥s♦r ❞❡✈❡ s❡r ❛❧t❛♠❡♥t❡ s❡♥sí✈❡❧ ❡ s❡❧❡t✐✈♦ ❛ ❉❆ ❡♠ r❡❧❛çã♦ ❛ s❡✉s ✐♥t❡r❢❡r❡♥t❡s ❡ ❝♦♠ ✉♠❛ rá♣✐❞❛ r❡s♣♦st❛✳ ❖s s❡♥s♦r❡s ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r ❢❛❜r✐❝❛❞♦s ♣♦r ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡s té❝♥✐❝❛s✿ ❡❧❡tr♦❞♦s ❜❛s❡❛❞♦s ❡♠ ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s s♦❧✲❣❡❧ ✭✷✹✮✱ ✜❧♠❡s ▲❛❣♠✉✐r✲❇❧♦♣❣❡tt ✭✷✺✮✱ ❡♥✲ ③②♠❡❧❡ss ❜✐♦s❡♥s♦r ✭✷✻✮✱ ❛✉t♦♠♦♥t❛❣❡♠✭✷✼✮✱ ❡t❝✳ ❆ té❝♥✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❛✉t♦♠♦♥t❛❣❡♠ ♣r♦♣♦r❝✐♦♥❛ ❝♦♥str✉çã♦ ❞❡ s❡♥s♦r❡s ❡❝♦♥ô♠✐❝♦s ❡ ❞❡ ❛❧t❛ s❡♥s✐❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡✱ s❡♥❞♦ ❜❛s❡❛❞❛ ❡♠ ✐♥t❡r❛çõ❡s ❡❧❡tr♦stát✐❝❛s✱ ♠♦str❛ ✈❛♥t❛❣❡♥s t❛✐s ❝♦♠♦ ❢á❝✐❧ ♦♣❡r❛çã♦✱ ❛♠♣❧❛ ❡s❝♦❧❤❛ ❞❡ ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s✱ ♣r❡❝✐sã♦ ♥♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❡ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐çã♦ ❡ ❡s♣❡ss✉r❛ ❞❡ ❝❛♠❛❞❛s✭✷✽✮✳
❖ ♣r❡s❡♥t❡ ❡st✉❞♦ t❡♠ ❝♦♠♦ ♦❜❥❡t✐✈♦ s✐♥t❡t✐③❛r ❡ ❝❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛r ♥❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛sF e3O4
@Au ❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛r s✉❛s ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❡❧❡tr♦❝❛t❛❧✐t✐❝❛s ♥❛ ❞❡t❡❝çã♦ ❞❡ ❉❆❀ ❝♦♠♦ ❢✉t✉r❛s ❛♣❧✐✲ ❝❛çõ❡s ❡♠ ♥❛♥♦♠❡❞✐❝✐♥❛✳
❆s ◆♣s ❞❡ ó①✐❞♦ ❞❡ ❢❡rr♦ sã♦ r❡✈❡st✐❞❛s ♣♦r ◆♣s ❞❡ ❆✉✱ ❢♦r♠❛♥❞♦ ◆♣s ❝♦r❡❅s❤❡❧❧✳ ❆s té❝♥✐❝❛s ✉t✐❧✐③❛❞❛s ♥❡st❡ tr❛❜❛❧❤♦ ♣❛r❛ ❝❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛r ❛s ◆♣s sã♦✿ ❡s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ❞❡ ❛❜s♦rçã♦ ♥♦ ✈✐sí✈❡❧✱ ❡s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣✐❛ ♥♦ ✐♥❢r❛✈❡r♠❡❧❤♦ ✭❋❚■❘✮✱ ♣♦t❡♥❝✐❛❧ ③❡t❛ (ζ)✱ ❡s♣❛❧✲
✷✾
❈❛♣ít✉❧♦ ✷
❘❡✈✐sã♦ ❇✐❜❧✐♦❣rá✜❝❛
✷✳✶ ◆❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s
❖ ❡st✉❞♦ ❞❡ ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ♥❛♥♦❡str✉t✉r❛❞♦s é ✉♠ r❛♠♦ ❞❛ ❝✐ê♥❝✐❛ q✉❡ ❡st✉❞❛ ❛s ♣r♦✲ ♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❞❡ ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ♥♦ ♥í✈❡❧ ❛tô♠✐❝♦ ❡ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ♣❛r❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❡♠ ♥❛♥♦t❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❛✳ ❊st❛ á❧❡♠ é✱ ❞❡✜♥✐❞❛ ❝♦♠♦ ♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❡ ❡ r❡str✉t✉r❛çã♦ ❞❛ ♠❛tér✐❛ ♥❛ ❡s❝❛❧❛ ♥❛♥♦♠étr✐❝❛✱ ♣♦ss✐❜✐❧✐t❛♥❞♦ ❛ ❝r✐❛çã♦ ❞❡ ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ❡ s✐st❡♠❛s ❝♦♠ ♥♦✈❛s ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❡ ❢✉♥çõ❡s ❞❡✈✐❞♦ ❛♦ s❡✉ t❛♠❛♥❤♦✳ ❯s✉❛❧♠❡♥t❡✱ ♦s ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ✭◆▼✮ ♣♦ss✉❡♠ ✉♠ t❛♠❛♥❤♦ ❡♥tr❡ ✶ ❡ ✶✵✵ ♥♠ ❡♠ ♣❡❧♦ ♠❡♥♦s ✉♠❛ ❞❛s ❞✐♠❡♥sõ❡s ❡ ❡①✐❜❡♠ ✉♠ ❝♦♠♣♦rt❛♠❡♥t♦ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐ár✐♦ ❡♥tr❡ só❧✐❞♦ ♠❛❝r♦s❝ó♣✐❝♦ ❡ ✉♠ s✐st❡♠❛ ❛tô♠✐❝♦ ♦✉ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r✳
❖ ❢❛t♦ ❞❛ r❛③ã♦ ❡♥tr❡ ár❡❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❛❧ ❡ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ s❡r ❣r❛♥❞❡ ♣♦❞❡ ❛❢❡t❛r ❛ r❡❛t✐✈✐❞❛❞❡ q✉í♠✐❝❛ ❡ ❛s ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❡❧étr✐❝❛s ❞♦ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧✳ ❖ ❡sq✉❡♠❛ ♠♦str❛❞♦ ♥❛ ❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✶✳✶ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ❛ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛çã♦ ❞♦s ❡st❛❞♦s ❞❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐❛ ❞♦ ❝♦♥tí♥✉♦ ♣❛r❛ ♦ ❞✐s❝r❡t♦✱ ❝♦♥❢♦r♠❡ ❛ ♠❛tér✐❛ ♣❛ss❛ ❞❛ ❡s❝❛❧❛ ♠❛❝r♦s❝ó♣✐❝❛ ♣❛r❛ ♦ ♥í✈❡❧ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ✭✸✹✮✳ ❉❡st❡ ♠♦❞♦✱ ♥❛ ❡s❝❛❧❛ ♥❛♥♦♠étr✐❝❛ ♦ ❝♦♠♣♦rt❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞♦ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ é ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝✐❛❞♦ ♣♦r ❡❢❡✐t♦s q✉â♥t✐❝♦s✱ ♦ q✉❡ ❛❧t❡r❛ ❛s ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ó♣t✐❝❛s✱ ❡❧étr✐❝❛s ❡ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝❛s ✭✸✺✮✳
✸✵ ❈❆P❮❚❯▲❖ ✷✳ ❘❊❱■❙➹❖ ❇■❇▲■❖●❘➪❋■❈❆ ❆ sí♥t❡s❡ ❞❡ ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s é ❢❡✐t❛ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧♠❡♥t❡ ♣♦r três ♠ét♦❞♦s✿ ❜♦tt♦♠✲✉♣✱ t♦♣✲❞♦✇♥ ❡ ♠ét♦❞♦ ❤í❜r✐❞♦ ✭✸✷✮✳ ◆♦ ♠ét♦❞♦ t♦♣✲❞♦✇♥ ❛ sí♥t❡s❡ ♦❝♦rr❡ ❛ ♣❛rt✐r ❞❡ ✉♠ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ♠✐❝r♦s❝ó♣✐❝♦ ♣❛r❛ ✉♠ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ♥❛ ❡s❝❛❧❛ ♥❛♥♦♠étr✐❝❛✳ ◆♦ ♠ét♦❞♦ ❜♦tt♦♠✲❯♣ ♦s ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s sã♦ ❢❛❜r✐❝❛❞♦s ❛tr❛✈és ❞♦ ❛rr❛♥❥♦ ❞❡ át♦♠♦s ❡ ♠♦❧é❝✉❧❛s✱ ❣❡r❛♥❞♦ s✐st❡♠❛s t❡r✲ ♠♦❞✐♥❛♠✐❝❛♠❡♥t❡ ❡stá✈❡✐s✳ ❖s ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ❝♦♥str✉í❞♦s ♣♦r ❡st❡ ♠ét♦❞♦ sã♦ q✉✐♠✐❝❛♠❡♥t❡ ❤♦♠♦❣ê♥❡♦s ❡ ♣♦ss✉❡♠ ♣♦✉❝♦s ❞❡❢❡✐t♦s ❡str✉t✉r❛✐s✳ ❖ ♠ét♦❞♦ ❤í❜r✐❞♦ é ❛ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛çã♦ ❞♦s ♠ét♦❞♦s ❛♥t❡r✐♦r❡s✭✸✷✮✳
❖ ❣r❛♥❞❡ ❞❡s❛✜♦ ❞❛ t❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❛ ❞❡ ♥❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s é ❛ ♣r♦❞✉çã♦ ❞❡st❡s ❝♦♠ t❛♠❛♥❤♦✱ ❢♦r♠❛ ❡ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐çã♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❛❞♦s ❡ ❡stá✈❡✐s✱ ❛ ✜♠ ❞❡ ♦❜t❡r ♥♦✈❛s ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ♣❛r❛ ❛♣❧✐✲ ❝❛çõ❡s ❜✐♦t❡❝♥♦❧ó❣✐❝❛s✱ ♠é❞✐❝❛s✱ ❡❧❡trô♥✐❝❛s✱ ❡t❝✳
✷✳✷ ❊st❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ◆❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s
❆ á❣✉❛ é ♦ ♠❡✐♦ ♠❛✐s ✉s❛❞♦ ♣❛r❛ ❡st✉❞❛r ♦ ❝♦♠♣♦rt❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ◆▼s ❡✱ ❞❡ss❛ ❢♦r♠❛✱ ❛ ✐♥t❡♥s✐❞❛❞❡ ✐ô♥✐❝❛✱ ♣❍ ❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çã♦ ❞❡ ♦①✐❣ê♥✐♦ sã♦ ♣❛râ♠❡tr♦s q✉❡ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝✐❛♠ ♦ ❝♦♠♣♦rt❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞♦s ◆▼s ✭✸✻✮✳ ❆❧é♠ ❞✐ss♦✱ ❛ ❡st❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ◆▼ é ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝✐❛❞❛ ♣♦r s✉❛ s♦❧✉❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❡♠ á❣✉❛✳ ❉❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❞♦ ❞❛s ❝♦♥❞✐çõ❡s ❞♦ ♠❡✐♦✱ ♦s ◆▼s ♣♦❞❡♠ ❛❣r❡❣❛r✲s❡ r❡✈❡rsí✈❡❧ ♦✉ ✐rr❡✈❡rs✐✈❡❧♠❡♥t❡✳
❆ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❛❣r❡❣❛çã♦ ❡♠ s♦❧✉çã♦ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡ ❞❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛çã♦✱ ár❡❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❛❧ ❡ ❢♦rç❛s ❝♦♠♦ ❛s ❣❡r❛❞❛s ♣❡❧♦ ♠♦✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❇r♦✇♥✐❛♥♦ ❡ ❛ ❞❡ ❱❛♥ ❞❡r ❲❛❛❧s✳ ❖ ♣r♦❝❡ss♦ ❞❡ ❛❣r❡❣❛çã♦ ❛ t❡♠♣❡r❛t✉r❛ ❡ ♣r❡ssã♦ ❝♦♥st❛♥t❡s ♣♦❞❡ s❡r ❡①♣❧✐❝❛❞♦ ♣❡❧❛ r❡❧❛çã♦ ❡♥tr❡ ❛ ✈❛r✐❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐❛ ❧✐✈r❡ ❞❡ ●✐❜❜s (dG) ❡ ❛ ✈❛r✐❛çã♦ ♥❛ ár❡❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❛❧ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❛♠♦str❛ (dσ)é ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦r dG=γdσ✱ ♦♥❞❡ γ é ❛ t❡♥sã♦ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❛❧✳ ❉❡st❡ ♠♦❞♦✱ G❞✐♠✐♥✉✐ q✉❛♥❞♦ ❤á ✉♠❛ ❞✐♠✐♥✉✐çã♦ ❞❛ ár❡❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❛❧ ❞❛ ♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛✱ ♦ q✉❡ ✐♥❞✐❝❛ ✉♠❛ t❡♥❞ê♥❝✐❛ ♥❛t✉r❛❧ ❞❡ ❛❣r❡❣❛çã♦ ✭✸✼✮✳
✷✳✸✳ ◆❆◆❖P❆❘❚❮❈❯▲❆❙ ✸✶
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✷✳✶ ✕ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛çã♦ ❡sq✉❡♠át✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❡st❛❜✐❧✐③❛çã♦ ❞❡ ♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ♣❡❧♦ ❡❢❡✐t♦✿ ❛✮ ❡❧❡tr♦stát✐❝♦ ❡ ❜✮ ❡stér✐❝♦✳
✷✳✸ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s
❯♠❛ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛ é ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❛❞❛ ✉♠ ♦❜❥❡t♦ ❞❡ ❞✐♠❡♥sã♦ q✉❛s❡✲③❡r♦ (0D)✱ ♦✉ s❡❥❛✱
t♦❞❛s ❛s ❞✐♠❡♥sõ❡s sã♦ ❞❡ ♠❡s♠❛ ♦r❞❡♠ ❞❡ ♠❛❣♥✐t✉❞❡ ✭≤ 100nm✮ ✭✸✺✮✳ ●❡r❛❧♠❡♥t❡✱ ❢♦r♠❛♠ ❡s❢❡ró✐❞❡s ❝♦♠ ✉♠ ❛rr❛♥❥♦ ❛tô♠✐❝♦ ❜❡♠ ❞❡✜♥✐❞♦ ✭❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✸✳✶✮✳ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❝♦♠ ♥í✈❡✐s ❞❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐❛ ❞✐s❝r❡t♦s sã♦ r❡❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❞❛s ❝♦♠♦ ✏q✉❛♥t✉♠ ❞♦ts✑ q✉❡ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❡♠❡♥t❡ ♣♦ss✉❡♠ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐çã♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ tí♣✐❝♦ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ s❡♠✐❝♦♥❞✉t♦r✭✸✺✮✳
❆s ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s s✐♥t❡t✐③❛❞❛s ♥❡st❡ tr❛❜❛❧❤♦ sã♦ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❈♦r❡✲❙❤❡❧❧✱ ❞❡ ♥ú✲ ❝❧❡♦ ✭❝♦r❡✮ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦F e3O4❡ ❝❛s❝❛ ✭s❤❡❧❧✮ ❞❡ ♦✉r♦✳ ❊st❛s ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧♠❡♥t❡ t❡♠ ✉♠ ❣r❛♥❞❡ ♣♦t❡♥❝✐❛❧ ❡♠ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❜✐♦♠é❞✐❝❛s ♥♦ tr❛t❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❝â♥❝❡r✱ s❡♥s♦r❡s✱ ❧✐❜❡r❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❢ár♠❛❝♦s✱ ❡t❝ ✭✶✷✮✳
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✸✳✶ ✕ ❊①❡♠♣❧♦s ❞❡ ♦❜❥❡t♦s ❞❡ ❞✐♠❡♥sã♦ q✉❛s❡✲③❡r♦ ✭✵❉✮ q✉❡ ♣♦❞❡ s❡r ❝❧❛ss✐✲ ✜❝❛❞♦ ❝♦♠♦ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛ ✭✶✮
✷✳✹ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ▼❛❣♥ét✐❝❛s
✸✷ ❈❆P❮❚❯▲❖ ✷✳ ❘❊❱■❙➹❖ ❇■❇▲■❖●❘➪❋■❈❆ ♥❡t✐③❛çã♦ ❞❡ s❛t✉r❛çã♦✱ ❡♥❡r❣✐❛ ❞❡ ❛♥✐s♦tr♦♣✐❛✱ ❡t❝✳ ❆❧é♠ ❞❛s ♠✉❞❛♥ç❛s ❝✐t❛❞❛s✱ ♥♦✲ ✈❛s ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❢ís✐❝❛s s✉r❣❡♠ ♥❛ ❡s❝❛❧❛ ♥❛♥♦♠étr✐❝❛✱ ❝♦♠♦ s✉♣❡r♣❛r❛♠❛❣♥❡t✐s♠♦ ❡ ♠❛❣♥❡t♦✲r❡s✐stê♥❝✐❛ ❣✐❣❛♥t❡✱ ❡♥tr❡ ♦✉tr❛s✳ P♦r ❡st❛ r❛③ã♦ ❛s ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝❛s ❞❡ ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s t❡♠ s✉s❝✐t❛❞♦ ♥♦✈♦s ❡st✉❞♦s ❡♠ ❢ís✐❝❛ ❞♦ ❡st❛❞♦ só❧✐❞♦ ✭✶✮✳
❊st❛s ✐♥t❡r❡ss❛♥t❡s ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ❢ís✐❝❛s ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r ❛♣❧✐❝❛❞❛s ❡♠ ✈ár✐♦s ❝❛♠♣♦s ❞❛ ❜✐♦❧♦❣✐❛ ❡ ♠❡❞✐❝✐♥❛✱ ✐♥❝❧✉✐♥❞♦ ✐♠♦❜✐❧✐③❛çã♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦t❡í♥❛s ❡ ❣❡♥❡s✱ ✐♠❛❣❡♥s ❞❡ r❡ss♦♥â♥❝✐❛ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝❛ ✭▼❘■✮✱ ✐♠✉♥♦❡♥s❛✐♦s✱ ♣✉r✐✜❝❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❜✐♦♠♦❧é❝✉❧❛s✱ s❡♣❛r❛çã♦ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❝é❧✉❧❛s✱ ❧✐❜❡r❛çã♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❛❞❛ ❞❡ ❢ár♠❛❝♦s ❡ ❤✐♣❡rt❡r♠✐❛ ✭✶✸✱ ✷✾✱ ✸✾✮✳ ❆s ♥❛♥♦♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❞❡ ó①✐❞♦ ❞❡ ❢❡rr♦ ✭♠❛❣♥❡t✐t❛ (F e3O4) ❡ ♠❛❣❤❡♠✐t❛ (γ−F e2O3)✮ sã♦ ♠✉✐t♦s ✉t✐❧✐③❛❞❛s ❡♠ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❜✐♦♠é❞✐❝❛s ❞❡✈✐❞♦ à s✉❛ ❜❛✐①❛ t♦①✐❝✐❞❛❞❡✱ ❛❧t❛ t❡♠♣❡r❛t✉r❛ ❞❡ ♦r❞❡♥❛♠❡♥t♦ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦✱ ❛❧t♦ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦ ❡ ❛❧t❛ ❡st❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ q✉í♠✐❝❛ ✭✶✸✱ ✹✵✮✳
❋✐❣✉r❛ ✷✳✹✳✶ ✕ ✭❛✮ ❊str✉t✉r❛ ❡s♣✐♥é❧✐♦ ❝ú❜✐❝♦ ❝❡♥tr❛❞♦ ♥❛s ❢❛❝❡s ❞❛ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐t❛✳ ✭❜✮ ❩♦♦♠ ❞❡ ✉♠ t❡tr❛❡❞r♦ ❡ ✉♠ ♦❝t❛❡❞r♦ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t❡ ❝♦♠♣❛rt✐❧❤❛♥❞♦ ✉♠ át♦♠♦ ❞❡ ♦①✐❣ê♥✐♦✳ ❆s ❡s❢❡r❛s ♠❛✐♦r❡s r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛♠ át♦♠♦s ❞❡ ❢❡rr♦
F etet ❡ F eoct s♦❜r❡ s✉❜✲r❡❞❡s t❡tr❛é❞r✐❝❛s ❡ ♦❝t❛é❞r✐❝❛s✱ r❡s♣❡❝t✐✈❛✲
♠❡♥t❡✳ ❊s❢❡r❛s ♠❡♥♦r❡s sã♦ át♦♠♦s ❞❡ ♦①✐❣ê♥✐♦✳ ❖s ♣❛râ♠❡tr♦s ❞❡ r❡❞❡a ♥♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ ✭✵✵✶✮ ❡c ♥❛ ❞✐r❡çã♦ ♣❡r♣❡♥❞✐❝✉❧❛r ❛ ❡st❡ sã♦ ✐❞ê♥t✐❝♦s
♥❛s ❝♦♥❞✐çõ❡s ❞❡ ❡q✉✐❧í❜r✐♦✳ ❆ ♠❡♥♦r s✐♠❡tr✐❛ ♥❡st❡ ❝❛s♦ t❛♠❜é♠ ♣❡r✲ ♠✐t❡ ❛ ❞✐st✐♥çã♦ ❡♥tr❡ át♦♠♦s ❞❡ ♦①✐❣ê♥✐♦ ❛①✐❛✐s Oax ❡ ❡q✉❛t♦r✐❛✐sOeq✳
✭✷✮
▼❛❣♥❡t✐t❛ (F e3O4) ✲ ▼❛❣❤❡♠✐t❛ (γ−F e2O3)
❆ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐t❛ ❡ ❛ ♠❛❣❤❡♠✐t❛ ❛♣r❡s❡♥t❛♠ ❡str✉t✉r❛ s❡♠❡❧❤❛♥t❡✱ ❝♦♠ ♣❛râ♠❡tr♦s ❞❡ r❡❞❡ a = 0,839nm ❡ 0,834nm✱ r❡s♣❡❝t✐✈❛♠❡♥t❡✳ ❊st❛ ❡str✉t✉r❛ é ❝♦♥❤❡❝✐❞❛ ❝♦♠♦ ❡s♣✐♥é❧✐♦ ✐♥✈❡rt✐❞♦✱ ❝❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛❞♦ ♣❡❧♦ ❛rr❛♥❥♦ ❞❡ ♦①✐❣ê♥✐♦ ✭❝♦♠ r❛✐♦ ∼ 1.8 Ao✮ ❡ í♦♥s ❞❡
✷✳✹✳ ◆❆◆❖P❆❘❚❮❈❯▲❆❙ ▼❆●◆➱❚■❈❆❙ ✸✸ ♦s sít✐♦s sã♦ ♦❝✉♣❛❞♦s ♣♦r át♦♠♦s tr✐✈❛❧❡♥t❡s F e3+✳ ❊①✐st❡ ✉♠❛ ❣r❛♥❞❡ ❞✐✜❝✉❧❞❛❞❡ ♣❛r❛ ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐r ❛ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐t❛ ❞❛ ♠❛❣❤❡♠✐t❛ ✉s❛♥❞♦ ❛ té❝♥✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❞✐❢r❛çã♦✱ ✈✐st♦ q✉❡ ❛♠❜❛s ❛♣r❡✲ s❡♥t❛♠ ♦ ♠❡s♠♦ ♣❛❞rã♦ ❞❡ ❞✐❢r❛çã♦ ❞❡ r❛✐♦s ❳✳ ❱ár✐♦s ❛✉t♦r❡s r❡❧❛t❛♠ ❡st❛ ❞✐✜❝✉❧❞❛❞❡ ♥❛ ❝❛r❛t❡r✐③❛çã♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ q✉❛♥❞♦ ❡st❡ é ❜❛s❡❛❞♦ ❡♠ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐t❛ ♦✉ ♠❛❣❤❡♠✐t❛ ✭✶✱ ✹✶✮✳
Pr♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ▼❛❣♥ét✐❝❛s
❖s ❡❧étr♦♥s sã♦ r❡s♣♦♥sá✈❡✐s ♣❡❧❛s ♣r♦♣r✐❡❞❛❞❡s ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝❛s ❞♦s ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ❞❡✈✐❞♦ ❛♦ s❡✉ ♠♦✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❛♦ r❡❞♦r ❞♦ ♥ú❝❧❡♦✳ ❖ ✈❛❧♦r ❞♦ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦ t♦t❛❧(µ)❞♦ ❡❧étr♦♥ é
❛ s♦♠❛ ❞❛s ❝♦♥tr✐❜✉✐çõ❡s ❞♦ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦ ❛♥❣✉❧❛r ❡ ❞❡ s♣✐♥✳ ❆♠❜♦s ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r ❡s❝r✐t♦s ❡♠ ❢✉♥çã♦ ❞♦ ♠❛❣♥ét♦♥ ❞❡ ❇♦❤r(µB)✿
µB =
e~
2mc = 9,27×10
−24J T−1 ✭✷✳✹✳✶✮
♦♥❞❡ e é ❛ ❝❛r❣❛ ❞♦ ❡❧étr♦♥ ✭1.6×10−19 ❈✮ ✱ ❤ é ❛ ❝♦♥st❛♥t❡ ❞❡ P❧❛♥❦ ✭6.62×10−34 ❏·s✮✱
m é ❛ ♠❛ss❛ ❞♦ ❡❧étr♦♥ ✭9.10×10−31 ❦❣✮ ❡cé ❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❛ ❧✉③ ✭3×108m/s✮✳
❈♦♥s✐❞❡r❛✲s❡ q✉❡ ♦ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦ t♦t❛❧ ♥♦ ✐♥t❡r✐♦r ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛ ♣♦ss❛ s❡r r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛❞♦ ♣♦r ✉♠ ú♥✐❝♦ ✈❡t♦r ❝❧áss✐❝♦ ❞❡ ♠❛❣♥✐t✉❞❡µ✿
µ=
N
X
i
µi ✭✷✳✹✳✷✮
♦♥❞❡ µi é ♦ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦ ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦ ❛tô♠✐❝♦ ❡ ◆ é ♦ ♥ú♠❡r♦ ❞❡ át♦♠♦s ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦s ❞❛
♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛ ✭✹✷✮✳
P♦❞❡✲s❡ ❞❡✜♥✐r ❛ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐③❛çã♦ (M) ❞❡ ✉♠ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ❝♦♠♦ s❡♥❞♦ ♦ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦ r❡s✉❧✲
t❛♥t❡ ♣♦r ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ✈♦❧✉♠❡✿
M = µ
V ✭✷✳✹✳✸✮
❆ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❛ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐③❛çã♦ é ❛ ✏✉♥✐❞❛❞❡ ❡❧❡tr♦♠❛❣♥ét✐❝❛✴cm3✑ ♦✉ ✏❡♠✉✴cm3✑✳ ◆❡st❡ tr❛❜❛❧❤♦ ❛❞♦t❛✲s❡ ❛ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐③❛çã♦ ❡s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛ (σ) ❝♦♠♦ s❡♥❞♦ ✐❣✉❛❧ ❛✿ σ = mµ✱ ♦♥❞❡
m é ❛ ♠❛ss❛ ❞♦ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ❡♠ ❣r❛♠❛s✳
❊♠ ♠❛t❡r✐❛✐s ♣❛r❛♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦s ♦s át♦♠♦s ♣♦ss✉❡♠ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦s ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦s q✉❡ t❡♥❞❡♠ ❛ ❛❧✐♥❤❛r✲s❡ ♥❛ ♣r❡s❡♥ç❛ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❝❛♠♣♦ ❡①t❡r♥♦ ❛♣❧✐❝❛❞♦✱ ❡ ♥❛ ❛✉sê♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ss❡ ❡stã♦ ♦r✐❡♥t❛✲ ❞♦s ❛♦ ❛❝❛s♦✱ ❝♦♠ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐③❛çã♦ ♥✉❧❛✭✹✸✮✳ ❊♥tr❡t❛♥t♦✱ ❛ ❛❣✐t❛çã♦ tér♠✐❝❛ ❞♦s át♦♠♦s ❢❛③ ♦s ♠♦♠❡♥t♦s ♠❛❣♥ét✐❝♦s ❛♣♦♥t❡♠ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛♠❡♥t❡✱ r❡s✉❧t❛♥❞♦ ❡♠ ✉♠ ❛❧✐♥❤❛♠❡♥t♦ ♣❛r❝✐❛❧ ♥❛ ❞✐r❡çã♦ ❞♦ ❝❛♠♣♦✳
