Irreversible loss of ice nucleation active sites in mineral dust particles caused by sulphuric acid condensation

Further data were measured at the onset time t nuc of ice formation defined by the increase in the depolarisation signal (p nuc : pressure, Tg,nuc: mean gas temperature, T f,nuc :

From atmospheric size distribution measurements in the Eyjafjallaj ¨okull ash plume (Schumann et al., 2011), estimates for atmospheric ice nuclei concentrations can be derived from

Specifically, we mixed a pure mineral dust sample (illite-NX) with ice active biological material (birch pollen washing water) and quantified the immersion freezing behavior of

For Asian dust samples, we conducted 206 analyses of clay minerals in the 50 FIB slices prepared from 50 dust particles, and 514 analyses of clay mineral grains loaded on the

this section we focus on four simulations that represent well the sensitivity of the cloud and precipitation properties to aerosol loading through the modification of aerosol

Concerning the aging of the dust particles during transport, the model and CALIPSO results indicate less interaction between aerosol types and dust ag- ing over North Africa compared

When the dusts were treated with hy- drogen peroxide to reduce the organic matter content of the soils, the ice-nucleating activity in three of the four soil dusts examined (soils

Since treatments to remove and/or deactivate organic matter have a small impact on the ice nucleating ability of China loess soil dust, the key ice nucleation active sites contained