ɍȾɄ
691.145:620
ɋ
.
ȼ
.
Ɏɟɞɨɫɨɜ
,
Ɇ
.
ȼ
.
Ⱥɤɭɥɨɜɚ
,
Ɇ
.
ȼ
.
Ɍɚɧɢɱɟɜ
,
Ⱦ
.
Ⱥ
.
ɒɭɬɨɜ
* ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «ɂȽȺɋɍ», *ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «ɂȽɏɌɍ»ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȼɅɂəɇɂə ɇɂɁɄɈɌȿɆɉȿɊȺɌɍɊɇɈɃ ɉɅȺɁɆɕ
ɌɅȿɘɓȿȽɈ ɊȺɁɊəȾȺ ɇȺ ȽɂȾɊɈɎɂɅɖɇɕȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ
ɊȿɆɈɇɌɇɈȽɈ ɎɅɂɁȿɅɂɇȺ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɥɢɡɟɥɢɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɨɫɶ,ɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨ
-ɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɨ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ (ɨɬ 15 ɫ)ɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ
-ɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:ɮɥɢɡɟɥɢɧ,ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ,ɨɛɨɢ,ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
-ɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɡɦɚ,ɬɥɟɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɹɞ,ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ,ɜɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ,ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡ
-ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɚ
-ɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɢ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ
ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ
,
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ
,
ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
[1].
Ⱦɥɹ
ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɨɟɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɟɟɜɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ
,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ
-ɞɟɠɧɨɟ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɦ
.
Ɉɧɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɪɚɡ
-ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɥɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɨɹɦɢ
.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɯ
ɤɥɟɟɜ
,
ɧɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɹ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ
[2].
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ
-ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ
.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɬɥɟɸɳɟ
-ɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
,
ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɨɣ
,
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ
[3, 4].
ȿɫɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹ
-ɟɬɫɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
,
ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
,
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ
.
ɩ
.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
[4, 5]
ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟ
-ɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧ
.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɜ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɢ
-ɦɟɪɚ
,
ɤ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɫɢɧɭɫɚ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɩɨ
-ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ
,
ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɨɧ
-ɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
[4].
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ
ɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ
.
ɇɨɜɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɢɛɪɨɛɟɬɨɧɵ
.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɮɢɛɪɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ
.
Ⱦɥɹ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɦ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɞɚɪ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ
.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɥɢ
-ɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɨɥɢɷɮɢɪɵ
,
ɩɨɥɢɚɤɪɢɥɚɬɵ
,
ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧ ɢ ɞɪ
.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨ
-
ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɹ ɚɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɤ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ
.
Ɉɞ
-ɧɚɤɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟ
-ɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ
,
ɚ ɢɯ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɦ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
:
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
,
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ
,
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨ
-ɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢ ɞɪ
. [4, 7].
ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɥɚɡɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ
,
ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟ
-ɝɨ
,
ɜ ɬɨɦ
,
ɱɬɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɛɟɡ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
,
ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨ
-ɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɯɢɦɢ
-ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
,
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ
[8].
Ɉɞ
-ɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɬɥɟɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɹɞ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ
.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɩɥɚɡɦɭ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɝɨ
ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɢɡɟɥɢɧɚ
(
ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥ
02065,
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
65
ɝ
/
ɦ
2).
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴ
-ɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ
,
ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ
ɜɢɧɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɨɟɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɮɥɢɡɟɥɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ
.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
(
ɪɢɫ
. 1),
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ
«
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ
» (
Ɍɉ ɢ ɆɗɌ
)
ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ
-
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ:1 — ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɵ;2 — ɦɟɞɶ-ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɧɨɜɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɩɚɪɚ;3 — ɦɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ;4 — ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦɟɪ;5 — ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ;6 — ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ;
7 — ɮɨɪɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ;8 ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɣ ɤɪɚɧ
ɉɥɚɡɦɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ
.
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ
100
ɉɚ
,
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɫɤɨ
-ɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɛɵɥɚ
30
ɫɦ
/
ɫ
,
ɬɨɤ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ
100
ɦȺ
.
ɉɥɚɡɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɝɚɡɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯ
.
Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɮɥɢɡɟɥɢɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ
28,5
ɫɦ
2ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚ
-ɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ
.
ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
(15…120
ɫ
)
ɨɛ
-ɪɚɡɟɰ ɧɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ
.
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɥɨɫɶ
U
-
ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɵɦ
ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ
,
ɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɝɚɡɚ
—
ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦɟɪɨɦ
,
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɤɚɥɢɛɪɨ
-ɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɛɸɪɟɬɤɢ
.
Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɦɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦɟɪɚ
ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɢɥɢɤɨɧɨɜɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ
.
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
,
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬ
-ɤɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
15, 30, 45, 60, 90
ɢ
120
ɫ
,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɨ
-ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
(
ɮɥɢɡɟɥɢɧɚ
).
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɝɨ
ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɨɥɵɣ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɫɨɫɭɞ
,
ɝɞɟ ɟɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɹɥɢ ɤɚɩɥɹɦɢ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ
.
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɬɟ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ
20×47
ɦɦ
.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɯ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɫɚɯ
,
ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɢ ɜ
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɧɚ
60
ɫ
,
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ
ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫ
ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɟ
,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡ
-ɰɨɜ
.
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
(
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
)
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ
5
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ
. 1
ɢ
2.
Ɍɚɛɥ.1. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɢɡɟɥɢɧɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚ -ɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ 100 ɉɚ (ɜɨɡɞɭɯ)ɢ ɫɢɥɟ ɬɨɤɚ 100 ɦȺ
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɟ,ɫ
ɋɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ,ɫ ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɦɚ -ɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ,ɫ 1 2 3 4 5
ɇɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ 720 720 720 720 720 720* 15 0,90 1,03 1,04 0,83 0,95 0,95 30 0,67 0,60 0,55 0,73 0,61 0,63 45 0,50 0,40 0,58 0,35 0,40 0,45 60 0,33 0,40 0,30 0,23 0,30 0,31 90 0,23 0,30 0,25 0,33 0,22 0,27 120 0,25 0,28 0,26 0,24 0,31 0,27
*Ɂɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ
.
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
,
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ
.
Ɍɚɤ
,
ɧɟɨɛɪɚ
-ɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵ
(
ɤɚɩɥɢ
ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ
,
ɢ ɢɯ ɡɟɪ
-ɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬ
,
ɪɢɫ
. 2),
ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɬɥɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ
,
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɷɬɢɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
.
Ɍɚɤ
,
ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ
4
ɪɚɡɚ
(
ɫ
15
ɞɨ
60
ɫ
)
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ
3,1
ɪɚɡɚ
.
ɉɪɢ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚ
-ɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɨ
90
ɫ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
.
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɤɚɩɥɢ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨ -ɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɟ
Ɍɚɛɥ. 2. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɢɡɟɥɢɧɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛ -ɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ 100 ɉɚ (ɜɨɡɞɭɯ)ɢ ɫɢɥɟ ɬɨɤɚ 100 ɦȺ
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɟ,ɫ
ȼɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ, % ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨ -ɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ, % 1 2 3 4 5
ɇɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ 106,6 87,5 85,9 91,2 91,6 92,6
15 143,9 147,7 165,0 165,6 152,9 155,0 30 166,7 174,0 153,9 176,4 151,4 164,5 45 169,2 166,6 157,3 172,2 177,8 168,6
60 162,2 174,7 180,8 152,2 168,1 167,6
90 161,4 169,0 177,1 156,3 189,2 170,6
ɂɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɧɨ
,
ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɜ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɨ
-ɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ
.
Ɍɚɤ
,
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɮɥɢɡɟɥɢɧɚ
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
45
ɫ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
76 %
ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɧɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ
.
ɉɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡ
-ɰɨɜ ɞɨ
60, 90
ɢ
120
ɫ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ
.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
,
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ
,
ɱɬɨ ɦɨ
-ɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
(
ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɢɡɟɥɢɧɚ
)
ɜ
ɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶ
-ɧɨɦɭ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
,
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬ
-ɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ
.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɬɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɭ
-ɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɩɢɬɤɢ ɤɥɟɟɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɹ
-ɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ
,
ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɥɟɢɜɚ
-ɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɨɹɦɢ
.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1.Ⱥɤɭɥɨɜɚ Ɇ.ȼ.Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.ɂɜɚɧɨ -ɜɨ : ɂɏɌɂ,ɂɂɋɂ, 1991. 76 ɫ.
2.Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɟ / ɋ.ȼ. Ɏɟɞɨɫɨɜ, Ɇ.ȼ. Ⱥɤɭɥɨɜɚ, Ȼ.ɇ. Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, Ʌ.ȼ. ɒɚɪɧɢɧɚ, ȿ.ɉ. ɑɟɤɭɥɚɟɜɚ // ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ IVɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ. ɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɨɯɢɦɢɢ / ɂȽɏɌɍ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ, 2005.Ɍ. 2. ɋ. 580—581.
3. Ʉɭɬɟɩɨɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ., Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ.Ƚ., Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ. ȼɚɤɭɭɦɧɨ-ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɨ -ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.Ɇ. : ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2004. 496 ɫ.
4.ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɥɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ / ɋ.ȼ.Ɏɟ -ɞɨɫɨɜ,Ȼ.ɇ.Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ,Ɇ.ȼ.Ⱥɤɭɥɨɜɚ,Ʌ.ȼ.ɒɚɪɧɢɧɚ.ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ : ɂȽɏɌɍ,ɂȽȺɋɍ, 2008. 236 ɫ.
5.ɒɚɪɧɢɧɚ Ʌ.ȼ.ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ -ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ, ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ : ɞɢɫɫ. … ɞ-ɪɚ ɬɟɯɧ.ɧɚɭɤ.ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ, 2006. 335 ɫ.
6.Ɋɚɛɢɧɨɜɢɱ Ɏ.ɇ.Ⱦɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨ-ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ.Ɇ. : ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ, 1989. 174 ɫ.
7.ȿɥɢɧ ȼ.Ʉ.Ɏɢɛɪɨɛɟɬɨɧ,ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦɢ,ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɥɚɡɦɨɣ ɬɥɟɸ -ɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ : ɞɢɫɫ. … ɤɚɧɞ.ɬɟɯɧ.ɧɚɭɤ.ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ, 2006. 155 ɫ.
8. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ. Ɇ. : ɂɏɊ ɊȺɇ, 1984. 306 ɫ.
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɟ 2011 ɝ.
Ɉ ɛ ɚ ɜ ɬ ɨ ɪ ɚ ɯ:Ɏɟɞɨɫɨɜ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɱ — ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤ ɊȺȺɋɇ,ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ,ɪɟɤɬɨɪ, ɡɚɜ.ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ» (ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɂȽȺɋɍ), 153037, ɝ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ, ɭɥ. 8 Ɇɚɪɬɚ, ɞ. 20, 8-(4932)-32-85-40, rec-tor@igasu.ru;
Ⱥɤɭɥɨɜɚ Ɇɚɪɢɧɚ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɧɚ — ɫɨɜɟɬɧɢɤ ɊȺȺɋɇ,ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,ɩɪɨɮɟɫ -ɫɨɪ,ɡɚɜ.ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ,ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭ -ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ» (ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɂȽȺɋɍ), 153037, ɝ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ,ɭɥ. 8 Ɇɚɪɬɚ,ɞ. 20, 8-(4932)-37-34-36, k_psm@igasu.ru;
Ɍɚɧɢɱɟɜ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ — ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟ -ɪɢɚɥɨɜ,ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪ -ɫɢɬɟɬ» (ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɂȽȺɋɍ), 153037, ɝ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ, ɭɥ. 8 Ɇɚɪɬɚ, ɞ. 20, +7(908) 564-64-42, maxt_ivanovo@mail.ru;
ɒɭɬɨɜ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱ — ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ (ɂȽɏɌɍ),153000, ɝ.ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ,ɩɪ.Ɏ.ɗɧɝɟɥɶɫɚ,ɞ. 7, +7(920) 675-39-25, shutov@isuct.ru.
S.V. Fedosov, M.V. Akulova, M.V. Tanichev, D.A. Shutov
THE INVESTIGATION OF THE LOW-TEMPERATURE GLOW DISCHARGE PLASMA TREATMENT ON THE HYDROPHYLIC PROPERTY
OF THE VLIESELINE-BASED WALLPAPER
It was shown that the first 15 seconds of the plasma treatment lead to the sharp increase of the wallpaper hydrophilicity and water absorption.
Key words: vlieseline-based wallpaper, rolled wallpaper, wallpaper, low-temperature plasma, glow discharge, hydrophility.
References
1. Akulova M.V. Osnovy tehnologii otdelochnyh i gidroizoljacionnyh materialov [The fundamentals technologies of the finishings and waterproofer]. ICTI, IEAI, Ivanovo, 1991, 76 p. (in Russian).
2. Fedosov S.V., Melnikov B.N., Akulova B.N., Sharnina L.V., Elin V.K. Modifikacija poverhnosti stenovyh rulonnyh materialov v tlejuwem razrjade [Surface modification of nonmetallic fibers for concrete armature by glow discharge plasma] // IV International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Plasma-chemistry, May 13—18, 2006, Ivanovo, Russia (Book of abstracts, Vol. 2, Pp. 580—581).
3. Kutepov A.M., Zaharov A.G., Maximov A.I. Vakuumno-plazmennoe i plazmenno-rastvornoe mod-ificirovanie polimernyh materialov [Vakuum-plasma and plasma-liquid modification of the polymers]. Mos-cow, Nauka, 2004, 496 p. (in Russian).
4. Fedosov S.V., Melnikov B.N., Akulova B.N., Sharnina L.V. Primenenie tlejuwego razrjada v stroi-tel'noj i tekstil'noj promyshlennosti [The application og the glow discharge in civil engineering and textile]. ISUCT, ISUCEA, Ivanovo, 2008, 236 p. (in Russian).
5. Sharnina L.V. Nauchnye osnovy i tehnologii otdelki tekstil'nyh materialov s ispol'zovaniem nizko-temperaturnoj plazmy, novyh preparatov i sposobov kolorirovanija [Fundamentals and technologies of the textiles low-temperature plasma modification, new materials and coloration]. Ivanovo, 2006, 335 p. (in Russian).
6. Rabinovich F.N. Dispersno-armirovannye betony [Fibre-reinforced concrete]. Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1989, 174 p. (in Russian).
7. Elin V.K. Fibrobeton, armirovannyj voloknami, modificirovannymi plazmoj tlejushhego razrjada [The glow discharge plasma modification of the Fibre-reinforced concrete]. Ivanovo, 2006, 155 p. (in Russian).
8. Maximov A.I. Teorija neravnovesnyh processov tehnologii jelektronnyh priborov [Nonequilibrium processes in the vacuum tequinics], Moscow, ISCRAS, 1984, 306 p. (in Russian).
A b o u t a u t h o r s: Fedosov Sergey Viktorovich — Acad. of RAASN, Doctor tech. Sciences, Profes-sor, rector of Ivanovo State Architecturally-Building University, 20, 8-th March, Ivanovo, Russia, 153037, +7-(4932)-32-85-40, rector@igasu.ru;
Akulova Marina Vladimirovna — Counselor of RAASN, Doctor tech. Sciences, Professor, Head of Building materials making Department, Ivanovo State Architecturally-Building University, 20, 8-th March, Ivanovo, 153037, Russia, +7- (4932)-37-34-36, k_psm@igasu.ru;
Tanichev Maxim Vladimirovich — Post-graduate Student, Ivanovo State Architecturally-Building University, 20, 8-th March, Ivanovo, Russia, 153037,+7-(908)-564-64-42, +7-(4932)-42-60-13, maxt_ivanovo@mail.ru.
Shutov Dmitriy Alexandrovich — Ph.D., Associated Professor, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7, F. Engels, Ivanovo, 153000, +7-(920)-675-39-25, shutov@isuct.ru.
