Ice nucleation by surrogates for atmospheric mineral dust and mineral dust/sulfate particles at cirrus temperatures

During the FROST-2 (FReezing Of duST) mea- surement campaign conducted at the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS), we investigated changes in the ice

If the 11 particle classes are grouped into four simpli- fied components – particles of potential terrigenous origin (i.e., silicates and Ca-rich particles), C-dominated

The CPR products considered here are the vertical profiles of cloud ice water content (IWC) and the effective radius (ER) of ice particles, which are compared with the number of

Specifically, we mixed a pure mineral dust sample (illite-NX) with ice active biological material (birch pollen washing water) and quantified the immersion freezing behavior of

When the dusts were treated with hy- drogen peroxide to reduce the organic matter content of the soils, the ice-nucleating activity in three of the four soil dusts examined (soils

In order to study the sensitivity of this e€ect on the radiative characteristics of the ice cloud, two types of additional ice clouds were modelled: cirrus and contrails, the

Since treatments to remove and/or deactivate organic matter have a small impact on the ice nucleating ability of China loess soil dust, the key ice nucleation active sites contained

The mean values and uncertainties of snow depth and ice and snow densities, determined for FY ice and MY ice, were used to calculate the total error in ice thickness retrieval