Better constraints on the sea-ice state using global sea-ice data assimilation

In each case, time series are shown for the model bias (la- belled bias); the root-mean-squared difference (RMSD) be- tween the observations and the model background field (la-

In the present study, little auks foraged in the same areas in the presence and nearby absence of sea ice (Fig 1 and S1 Fig), thus questioning the importance of sea-ice habitats

In the absence of leads and away from the ice edge, the original code does not contain information to explicitly derive concentrations of fast, level, consolidated, rafted and

Trend in yearly mean sea ice concentration between 1980 and 2009, shown for (a) the observations (Comiso, 1999), (b) the model simulation without data assimilation (NODA), (c) the

The top 2 cm section of the sea ice had relative high bulk salinity on 20 January (Fig. 3) likely due to the granular nature of the sea ice in this part of the core creating

The reconstructions are based on a multilinear regression of forecasted ice concentration, level ice thickness, ridge density, ice speed and an additional factor which is based,

The mean values and uncertainties of snow depth and ice and snow densities, determined for FY ice and MY ice, were used to calculate the total error in ice thickness retrieval

ANDRILL, IODP, and ICDP contributions to the IPY will help us better constrain the long-term effects of global warming on polar ice sheets and the effect on global sea level.