Ʌ. ɉɚɳɭɤ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɷɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɚɫɫɢɫɬ.
ɄɇɍɢɦɟɧɢɌɚɪɚɫɚɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ, Ʉɢɟɜ
ɆȺɊɄȿɌɂɇȽɈȼɕȿɈɋɇɈȼɕɉɈȼɕɒȿɇɂəɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂȻɂɁɇȿɋ-ȺɋɋɈɐɂȺɐɂɃ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɬɚɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɭɤɪɚɢɧɫɤɢɯɛɢɡɧɟɫ –ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ, ɞɚɧɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɸɛɢɡ -ɧɟɫ – ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɝɪɭɩɩɵɫɬɟɣɤɯɨɥɠɟɪɨɜɛɢɡɧɟɫ –ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɚɪɤɟɬɢ -ɧɝɚɧɟɩɪɢɛɵɥɶɧɨɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿɫɥɨɜɚ: ɛɢɡɧɟɫ –ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ, ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɫɬɟɣɤɯɨɥɞɟɪɵ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɛɢɡɧɟɫ – ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ.
L. Paschuk, PhD in Economics, Assistante Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv
MARKETING CONCEPT TO IMPROVE BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS' ACTIVITY EFFECTIVENESS
The major problems and perspectives of Ukrainian business associations were defined, definition of business association was developed, key stakeholders of business association were subdivided, marketing mix components of non-profit oganisation were identified.
Keywords: business associations, marketing mix, main stakeholders, non profit organization.
ɍȾɄ 631:338.43 JEL: Q 130
ɋ. Ɋɟɜɟɧɤɨ, ɚɫɩ. Ⱦɍ "ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢɬɚɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ" ɇȺɇɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, Ʉɢʀɜ
ǥǻǿȀǶȀȁȄǥǼǻǮǹȊǻdz
ǿdzǾdzDzǼǰǶȇdz
ȂǼǾǺȁǰǮǻǻȍ
ǼǾDZǮǻǥǵǼǰǮǻǼDZǼ
ǮDZǾǮǾǻǼDZǼ
ǾǶǻǸȁ
ɋɬɚɬɬɹɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣɧɢɯɚɫɩɟɤɬɿɜɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ. Ɂɦɟɬɨɸ
ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜɬɚɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣ, ɹɤɿɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶɧɚɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ "ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ" ɚɜɬɨɪɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɽɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɟ
ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɟɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟ, ɹɤɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɭɫɬɚɞɿʀɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɸɬɶɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɿɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ, ɳɨɜɿɞɛɭ
-ɜɚɸɬɶɫɹɭɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɪɢɧɤɭ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɽɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɿɩɿɞɯɨɞɢɞɨɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚ
-ɥɶɧɨɝɨɚɩɚɪɚɬɭ.
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿɫɥɨɜɚ: ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɹ; ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ; ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɟɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ; ɚɝɪɚɪɧɢɣɪɢɧɨɤ.
ɋɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɨɛɿɝɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɭɫɩɿɲɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸ
-ɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɦɿɠɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɪɢɧɤɨɜɢɦɢ
ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɹɦɢ. ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ, ɜɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢ ɧɚ ɲɥɹɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ
ɪɢɧɤɨɜɢɯɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ, ɡɿɬɤɧɭɥɚɫɹɡɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ:
ɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɚɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɿɹɪɢɧɤɨɜɢɯɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣɬɚɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜɞɨ
ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ, ɧɟɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ
ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ, ɧɟɡɚɞɨɜɿɥɶɧɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ ɪɢɧɤɨɜɢɯ
ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ ɬɨɳɨ. ɍɦɨɜɨɸ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨ
-ɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭɧɚ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɣ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨ
-ɦɨɠɧɢɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢɫɬɚɽ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɡɨɪɢɯ ɰɢ
-ɜɿɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ "ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɝɪɢ", ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɫɩɪɢɹɬɥɢɜɢɯɭɦɨɜ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɬɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭ
-ɜɚɧɧɹɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚɿ ɩɪɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɞɨ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɝɨɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɚ. ɋɭɬɬɽɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ
ɰɶɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɦɚɽ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɭ
ɦɟɠɚɯ ɹɤɨʀ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹɿ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɫɚɞɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧ
-ɧɹɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ.
ɉɢɬɚɧɧɹɦɢ, ɳɨɬɨɪɤɚɸɬɶɫɹɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯɚɫɩɟɤ
-ɬɿɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɡɚɣɦɚ
-ɥɢɫɹɬɚɤɿɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɿɬɚɡɚɪɭɛɿɠɧɿɜɱɟɧɿɹɤ: Ⱥɧɿɤɟɽɧɤɨȼ.Ɇ., Ƚɟɽɰɶȼ. Ɇ., Ⱦɟɦ'ɹɧɟɧɤɨɆ.ə., ɄɪɨɩɢɜɤɚɆ.Ɏ., ɆɚɥɿɤɆ.Ƀ., ɆɨɥɞɚɜɚɧɅ.ȼ., Ʌɨɩɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɢɣɘ.Ɇ., ɋɚɛɥɭɤɉ.Ɍ., ɋɤɪɢ -ɩɧɢɤ ɇ., ɒɩɢɱɚɤ Ɉ.Ɇ., ɒɩɢɤɭɥɹɤ Ɉ.Ƚ., ɘɪɱɢɲɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., əɰɤɿɜɋ. ɬɚɿɧ.
Ɇɟɬɨɸɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɽɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ
ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɡɦɿɧ, ɳɨɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ
-ɫɹɜɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɦɭɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɿ.
Ɋɢɧɤɨɜɿ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ
ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ, ɞɨ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɣ ɬɚ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ
ɹɤɨɝɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ: ɧɨɪɦɢɿɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɞɨɝɨɜɿɪɧɿɭɦɨɜɢ, ɟɤɨ -ɧɨɦɿɱɧɿɚɝɟɧɬɢ, ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɚɩɪɚɜɚ, ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɚɿɫɬɨɪɿɹ, ɟɜɨ
-ɥɸɰɿɣɧɿɫɬɶɬɨɳɨ. ɋɭɱɚɫɧɢɣ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɽɧɚɩɪɹɦɨɦ
ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɭɦɤɢ, ɹɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɚ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ.
ȼɿɧɨɩɢɫɭɽɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɿɜɩɨɪɹɞɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɫɭɫ
-ɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɬɬɹ, ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɳɨ ɦɨ
-ɠɭɬɶɛɭɬɢɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɿɿɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɿɭɜɢɝɥɹɞɿɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɚɤɬɭ, ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ, ɡɜɢɱɚʀɜ, ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣ, ɹɤɿ
ɤɨɧɫɨɥɿɞɭɸɬɶ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɫɬɢɦɭɥɢ, ɫɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɟɤɨɧɨɦɿ
-ɱɧɿɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɢ, ɥɸɞɫɶɤɿɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ [6, ɫ.115-116].
Ⱥɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɚɥɸɞɢɧɚɧɚɭɤɨɸɜɢɜɱɚɽɬɶɫɹɜɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ
ɜɿɞ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ, ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭɜɨɧɚɞɿɽ. ɐɟɫɟɪɟɞɨ
-ɜɢɳɟ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣ ɿ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ, ɫɭɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɿ
ɩɢɫɚɧɢɯɿ ɧɟɩɢɫɚɧɢɯɧɨɪɦ, ɹɤɢɯɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɛ'ɽɤɬɢ
ɹɤɨɝɨ-ɧɟɛɭɞɶɫɩɿɜɬɨɜɚɪɢɫɬɜɚ.
ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿʀ – ɰɟ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɣ ɫɭɛ'ɽɤɬɿɜ, ɨɛ'ɽɤɬɿɜ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ,
ɳɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɸɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɨɡɩɨ
-ɞɿɥɭɩɪɚɰɿɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿɫɬɚɬɭɫɿɜ, ɧɨɪɦ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥ, ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣ, ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɿɜ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜɿɩɨɪɹɞɤɿɜ [2, ɫ. 56]. ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ – ɰɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɫɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɿ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɹɦɢɫɭɫɩɿ
-ɥɶɧɨ-ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɬɬɹ ɬɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɿ ɚɤɬɢ
ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɪɹɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ. ȼɨɧɢɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ
-ɧɢɦɢ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɹɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɿ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɪɢɧɤɭ [3, ɫ. 24]. əɤɧɚɞɛɚɧɧɹɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɯɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɪɢɧɨɤ
ɧɚɞɚɽ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɭɪɨɡɜɢɜɚɬɢɫɹ, ɪɨɛɥɹɱɢ ɧɚɝɨ
-ɥɨɫ ɧɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɛɭɬɬɹ ɜ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ. Ⱥɝ
-ɪɚɪɧɢɣɪɢɧɨɤɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽɜɩɥɢɜɭɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɝɨɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɭ,
ɨɛɦɟɠɭɸɱɢ ɞɿʀ "ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɨʀ ɪɭɤɢ". ȼ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭ
-ɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɛɭɞɨɜɚɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ: ɫɬɜɨ
-ɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ ɫɩɪɹɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɳɨɛ ɡɛɚɥɚɧɫɭɜɚɬɢ
ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɢɬɨɜɚɪɨɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɜ, ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜɿɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ.
ɋɢɬɭɚɰɿɸɦɨɠɧɚɡɪɨɡɭɦɿɬɢ, ɹɤɳɨɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɬɢʀʀ ɡɩɨ
-ɡɢɰɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɢɯɿ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɢɯɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ. Ⱦɨ ɮɨɪ
-ɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɢ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɜ ɡɚɤɨ
-ɧɨɞɚɜɱɢɯ ɚɤɬɚɯ, ɞɨ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ – ɧɨɪɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɢ,
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿʀ, ɡɜɢɱɚʀɬɚɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɫɟɥɹɧ, ɫɬɟ
-ɪɟɨɬɢɩɢɿɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɜɨɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɧɨɫɢɬɢɹɤɩɨ
-ɡɢɬɢɜɧɿ, ɬɚɤɿɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɿɪɢɫɢ (ɪɢɫ. 1) [7, ɫ. 38-39, 210; 4, ɫ.134]. əɤɜɢɞɧɨɡɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ, ɜɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɧɿɲɭ, ɹɤɭ
ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɡɚɣɦɚɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɿ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ, ɩɨɱɚɥɢɨɜɨɥɨɞɿ
-ɜɚɬɢ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɿ ɿ ɬɿɧɶɨɜɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ. Ɉɛɫɹɝ ɬɿɧɶɨɜɢɯ
ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɧɟ ɮɿɤɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɚɥɟ ɜɿɧ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɢɜ ɦɟɠɭ, ɡɚ
ɹɤɨɸɧɨɪɦɢ ɜɿɞɯɨɞɹɬɶɧɚɞɪɭɝɢɣ ɩɥɚɧɿɧɨɪɦɨɸɫɬɚɸɬɶ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɿɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ.
ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɚ ɫɮɟɪɚ
Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɚ
ɇɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɿ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ ɋɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɚ
ɫɮɟɪɚ
ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ
Ɂɚɤɨɧɢ, ɿɧɲɿɧɨɪ
-ɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɿ
ɚɤɬɢ
ɋɿɥɶɝɨɫɩɨɪɝɚɧɢ
Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɿ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ
Ɏɟɪɦɟɪɫɶɤɿ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɿʀ, ɡɜɢɱɚʀ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢ
ɬɚɿɧɲɿɞɨɤɭɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɆɨɪɚɥɶɧɿ
Ɉɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɟɥɹɧɫɶɤɿ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ȼɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨɫɩɨ
-ɞɚɪɫɶɤɿɧɨɪɦɚ-
ɬɢɜɧɿɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɋɿɥɶɫɶɤɚ
ɫɿɦ’ɹ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɫɚɦɨ
-ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ
ɇɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɿ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɢ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɫɿɯ
ɜɢɞɿɜ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɢ„Ɍɿɧɶɨɜɿ” Ƚɪɨɦɚɞɫɶɤɿ
ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ
ȱɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀɪɢɧɤɭ
ɋɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɚ ɿɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
Ɉɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɜɫɿɯ
ɬɢɩɿɜ
ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿʀ
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ʉɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɰɿɣɬɚɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨɪɢɧɤɭ
* Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ:ɜɥɚɫɧɚɪɨɡɪɨɛɤɚɚɜɬɨɪɚ.
Ɍɨɦɭɨɤɪɟɦɿɫɭɛ'ɽɤɬɢɡɦɭɲɟɧɿɿɬɢɧɚɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɿɜɿɞ -ɧɨɫɢɧɢɞɥɹɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹɫɜɨɽʀɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹɤɪɟɞɢɬɿɜɬɚɿɧ. ɐɟɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɶɲɤɨɞɭɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɭ ɣ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɚɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ – ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɸ. ȼ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɬɚɤɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɳɟ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɨ ɡ ɪɿɜɧɟɦ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ. Ɂɚɣɨɝɨɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɞɥɹ ɞɿɹɥɶ -ɧɨɫɬɿɛɚɝɚɬɨɪɿɜɧɟɜɨʀɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɢɤɿɜ.
ɐɟ ɞɚɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ, ɳɨ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ – ɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɦɿɠ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɚɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢʀɯɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɦ
ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɬɚɽ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɨ (ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɨ, ɡɛɟɪɿ -ɝɚɧɧɹ, ɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɤɚ, ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɹ, ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ) [5].
ɉɪɨɬɟ, ɚɝɪɚɪɧɢɣɪɢɧɨɤɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɽɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɢɦ, ɧɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɤɚɧɚɥɢ ɡɛɭɬɭ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɯɚ -ɪɚɤɬɟɪ: ɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɿɡɦɿɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɢɣɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɰɿɧɨɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ; ɞɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɬ ɰɿɧ ɬɚ ɧɟɟɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɛɦɿɧɭ; ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ; ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨ -ɫɬɿ; ɧɟɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɿɫɬɶ ɪɢɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɿ ɧɟɟɮɟɤɬɢɜ -ɧɿɫɬɶɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɿɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɢɪɢɧɤɭ (ɞɢɜ. ɬɚɛɥ. 1).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɹ 1.Ɇɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɿɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜɚɝɪɚɪɧɢɯɪɢɧɤɿɜ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ, ɹɤɿɡɚɜɚɠɚɸɬɶɪɢɧɤɭ ɇɚɩɪɹɦɢɭɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ
1) ɧɢɡɶɤɚɹɤɿɫɬɶɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ, ɳɨɪɟɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ;
2) ɧɟɡɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɚɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɩɢɬɭɿɩɪɨɩɨ-ɡɢɰɿʀ, ɞɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɬ
ɰɿɧɬɚɧɟɟɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧ-ɬɧɿɫɬɶʀɯɨɛɦɿɧɭ, ɧɟɜɿɞɪɟɝɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɰɿɧɨɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ;
3) ɧɟɞɨɥɿɤɢɿɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ; 4) ɧɟɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɟɜɬɪɭɱɚɧɧɹɜɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ
ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ;
5) ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɿ; 6) ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɭ
ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɜ; 7) ɜɢɫɨɤɚɫɨɛɿɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ;
8) ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɝɨɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ; 9) ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɟɤɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɬɚ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ
ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ;
10) ɧɟɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɨɜɚɧɿɫɬɶɬɚɞɟɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿɹ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɜɡɛɨɤɭɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ; 11) ɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɿɡɚɰɿɹɤɚɧɚɥɿɜɡɛɭɬɭ
1) ɭɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɸɜɚɬɢɬɟɯɧɿɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿɬɚɚɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɿɡɚɯɨɞɢɜɢɪɨɛɧɢ
-ɰɬɜɚɬɨɜɚɪɿɜɿʀɯɡɛɭɬ, ɜɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɟɧɟɪɝɨɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɸɱɿɩɪɨɰɟɫɢɜɢɪɨɛ
-ɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚ ɜɫɿɯ
ɟɬɚɩɚɯ;
2) ɭɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɫɭɛ'ɽɤɬɿɜ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɧɨʀɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɚ
-ɰɿʀɿɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ, ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɚɰɿ, ɟɮɟɤ
-ɬɢɜɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭɬɚɜɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɢɦɨɝɪɢɧɤɭ; 3) ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿɿɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ;
4) ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɝɪɨɡɩɪɨɞɛɟɡɩɟɰɿ; 5) ɥɨɛɿɸɜɚɧɧɹɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ ɚɝɪɚɪɿʀɜ;
6) ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɿɜ ɡɛɭɬɭ ɿɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɚ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ,
ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜɩɪɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ; 7) ɦɿɧɿɦɿɡɚɰɿɹɧɟɩɪɨɡɨɪɨɝɨɿɦɩɨɪɬɭ/ɟɤɫɩɨɪɬɭ;
8)ɫɩɪɢɹɧɧɹɿɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɚɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ; 9)ɫɩɪɢɹɧɧɹɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɿɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ;
10) ɫɬɢɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɩɥɚɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɩɢɬɭ; 11) ɦɨɪɚɬɨɪɿɣɧɚɿɦɩɨɪɬɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ
Ɂ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɳɨɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚ -ɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚ ɭɜɚɝɚ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɛɭɬɢ ɧɚɞɚɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɭ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɹɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɿɣ ɤɨɧ -ɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽɩɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɫɬɢ -ɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭ -ɜɚɧɧɹɿɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ.
Ɋɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ ɧɿɤɨɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚ -ɬɢɱɧɨ. ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣɧɚ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɛɭɬɢ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɚ ɹɤɨɸɫɶɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɸ. Ɍɨɦɭ ʀʀ ɿɧɿɰɿɚɬɨɪɨɦɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɽ ɞɟɪɠɚ -ɜɚ. əɤɳɨ ɿɧɿɰɿɚɬɢɜɚ ɧɟ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɲɢɦɢɫɭ -ɛ'ɽɤɬɚɦɢ, ɜɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɭɞɟ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ, ɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡ ɛɨɤɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɡɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɦʀɯ ɿɧɿɰɿɚɬɢɜɢ ɧɟ ɫɥɿɞ ɜɜɚɠɚɬɢɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɦɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭ, ɚɹɤɿɧɿɰɿɚɬɢɜɚ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ [7].
Ɂɚɬɚɤɢɯɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɟɦɿɫɰɟɜ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨ -ɦɭɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɢɞɟɪɠɚɜɿ, ɩɨɤɥɢɤɚɧɿɣɜɿɞ -ɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɯɡɦɿɧɚɯɪɢɧɨɤɦɚɽɫɬɚɬɢɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɲɢɦɹɤɞɥɹɭɱɚ -ɫɧɢɤɿɜ, ɬɚɤɿɞɥɹɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣ.
Ɉɮɿɰɿɣɧɿ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿʀ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɿ ɧɟɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹɦɢ. Ɂɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢ ɫɬɚ -ɥɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɥɚɝɨ -ɞɠɟɧɧɹɞɿɽɜɨʀɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹɧɚɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɹɯ, ɚ ɰɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ, ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɨ -ɜɢɦ ɭɦɨɜɚɦɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ. ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣɧɿɡɦɿɧɢ, ɹɤɿɜɿɞ -ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹɜ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɦɭɫɟɤɬɨɪɿ, ɩɟɜɧɨɸɦɿɪɨɸɫɩɪɢɹɸɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɨɦɭ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɨʀɧɚɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨɪɢɧɤɭ [1, ɫ. 2,7].
ɿ
ɧ
ɫ
ɬ
ɢ
ɬ
ɭ
ɬ
ɢ
Ȼɚɡɢ
ɫɧɿ
Ⱥɝɪɚɪɧɚɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɚ
ȼɥɚɫɧɿɫɬɶ ȼɥɚɞɚ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ
ɉɨɯ
ɿɞɧ
ɿ
ɉɪɚɰɹ
ɉɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ, ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ
ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ, ɭɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ.
ȼɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɧɚ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɟ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɟ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ. ɋɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɭɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɪɢɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ.
Ɂɚɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɟ
ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ, ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɟ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ.
ɉɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɨ
ȱɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
Ʉɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɿɹ
ɐɿɧɚ
ɉɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ, ɧɟɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɛɿɪɤɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ.
ɋɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ.
ɍɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɤɚɧɚɥɿɜ ɡɛɭɬɭ, ɡɚɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ.
Ɂɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɟɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɛɦɿɧɭ, ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɿɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ.
ɍɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯɮɨɪɦ, ɜɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɪɢɧɤɨɜɢɯ
ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɂɃ
ɊɂɇɈɄ
Ɂɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯ ɿ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ,
ɝɿɞɧɨʀɨɩɥɚɬɢ, ɭɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀɩɪɚɰɿ.
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɹɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨɪɢɧɤɭ * Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ:ɜɥɚɫɧɚɪɨɡɪɨɛɤɚɚɜɬɨɪɚ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɭɸɬɶ ɹɤ ɛɚɡɨɜɿɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ, ɬɚɤɿɩɨɯɿɞɧɿɜɿɞɧɢɯ. Ȼɚɡɨɜɢɦɢɿɧɫɬɢɬɭ -ɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɦɢ ȺɉɄ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɶ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɢ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɨɛ'ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ, ɪɢɧɤɨɜɚ ɿɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɹɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ, ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ, ɫɥɭɠɛ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɤɥɢɤɚɧɿ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨ -ɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɬɨɜɚɪɨɨɛɦɿɧɭ, ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɜɚɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɚɞɿɣ -ɧɿɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɡɨɪɿɫɬɶ, ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɜɥɚɞɢ, ɹɤɿ ɜɩɪɨ
-ɜɚɞɠɭɸɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɭ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɭ. ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɢɫ -ɬɟɦɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ȺɉɄɪɟɚɥɿ -ɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɭɦɨɜɢ, ɤɨɥɢ ɜɫɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɪɢɧɤɿɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹɿɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɸɬɶɧɚɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ:
x ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɢɯ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ ɭ ɜɿɞɧɨ
-ɫɢɧɚɯ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ ɡ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ, ɩɨɫɬɚ
-ɱɚɧɧɹ, ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɩɨɫɥɭɝ;
x ɜɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɜɢɛɿɪ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɱɚɥɶɧɢ
-ɤɿɜɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜɿɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ;
x ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɣ ɜɢɫɨɤɨʀ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ,
ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɿɫɬɶɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ;
x ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɶɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɭ
-ɜɚɧɶ, ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɢɤɿɜɜɥɚɧɰɸɡɿɜɢɪɨ
-ɛɧɢɤ-ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱ.
ȿɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹȺɉɄɜɛɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭɦɟɧɟ
-ɞɠɦɟɧɬɿɜɫɿɯɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯɥɚɧɨɤɿɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ; ɜɞɨɫ
-ɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɩɪɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨ
-ɞɚɜɱɨʀ ɛɚɡɢ. ɐɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɽ ɩɟɪɲɨɱɟɪɝɨɜɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɟɤɨ
-ɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɪɢɧɤɭ, ɣɨɝɨ ɤɨɧ'ɸɧɤɬɭɪɢ,
ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɿɫɧɨɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɽɸ ɬɚ ɫɢɪɨɜɢɧɨɸɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ.
ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ ɨɯɨɩɥɸɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɭ ɪɨɥɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹɡ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɿ ɧɟ
-ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɢɯɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ, ʀɯɧɹɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɿɫɬɶɫɥɭɝɭɽɨɫɧɨ
-ɜɨɸɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿʀ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ
ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɿɜ ɫɥɿɞ ɜɡɹɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɸ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɛɚ
-ɡɢɫɧɢɯ (ɜɥɚɫɧɿɫɬɶ, ɩɪɚɰɹ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ, ɜɥɚɞɚ) ɿɩɨɯɿɞɧɢɯ (ɰɿɧɚ, ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɨ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɿɹ, ɿɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ,
ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ) ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɶ (ɪɢɫ.2).
Ɂɿɫɯɟɦɢɜɢɞɧɨ, ɳɨɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɹɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽɬɶ
-ɫɹɹɤɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɚɝɪɚɪɧɨʀɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢɤɪɚʀɧɢɳɨɞɨɜɢɛɨɪɭ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨʀɦɟɬɢɿɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹɝɚɥɭɡɿ. Ɍɚɤɿɜɢɯɿɞɧɿ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɽ ɫɩɿɥɶ
-ɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɜɫɿɯɪɿɜɧɿɜɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹɿɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ. ȼɨɫɧɨɜɭ
ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɜɡɹɬɨ ɪɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ
ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ; ɰɿɧɨɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ; ɿɧ
-ɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ; ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜ ɫɿɥɶ
-ɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɠɢɬɟɥɹ. Ɇɨɞɟɪɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɣ ɭɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɚɝɚ
-ɸɬɶ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ, ɳɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɸɬɶɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɪɟɝɭɥɸ
-ɜɚɧɧɹɿɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɢɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɜɬɚɪɢɧɤɭ.
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɬɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨʀ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɹɤ ɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɨʀ, ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɹɤɨʀ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɰɿɨ
-ɧɿɡɦɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ. ȼɭɦɨɜɚɯɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɯɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯɦɨɠɥɢ
-ɜɨɫɬɟɣɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɬɢɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɚɦɩɟɪɟ
-ɣɬɢ ɜɿɞ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ, ɜɢɪɿɲɢɬɢ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢɡɭɛɨɠɿɧɧɹɬɚɛɟɡɪɨɛɿɬɬɹɜɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɿɣɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɫ
-ɬɿ, ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹɞɨɛɪɨɛɭɬɭɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ.
ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ.Ɉɫɬɚɧɧɿɦɱɚɫɨɦ, ɤɨɥɢɞɨɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɚɝɨ
-ɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɸɱɢɦɢɫɭɛ'ɽɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɣɲɥɢɦɟɧɲɞɨɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɿ, ɡ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦɪɿɜɧɟɦɡɧɚɧɶɥɸɞɢ, ɧɚɞɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧ
-ɧɹɧɚɛɭɜɚɽɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹʀɯɧɶɨʀɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀɤɜɚɥɿɮɿ
-ɤɚɰɿʀ. ɇɟɜɿɞɤɥɚɞɧɢɦɫɬɚɽ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɜɫɿɯɜɚɠɟɥɿɜ, ɫɩɪɹ
-ɦɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɝɥɢɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ. ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
ɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɹɤɿ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɹɤ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿ
-ɨɧɚɥɶɧɿ, ɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɝɚɥɭɡɡɸ.
ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨɪɢɧɤɭɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɶɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɶɜɿɞ
-ɧɨɫɢɧ ɦɿɠ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ʀɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ.
ɉɨɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ʀɯɫɬɜɨɪɸɽɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɪɚɦɤɢ, ɜɹɤɢɯɫɭɛ'ɽɤɬɢ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɬɶɫɜɨʀ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢɩɿɞ ɞɿɽɸɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɢɯɿ ɧɟɮɨɪ
-ɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ, ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫ
-ɧɢɬɢ ɧɢɡɶɤɭɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ. Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɚ ɹɤ
ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɹ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽ ɫɩɪɢɹɬɥɢɜɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɿ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭ ɛɚɡɭ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɪɢɧɤɨɜɢɯɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɹɤɿɳɟɞɿɸɬɶɧɟɟɮɟ
-ɤɬɢɜɧɨ, ɚɰɟɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɜɿɞɛɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɣɨɝɨɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɨʀɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ:
1. Ⱥɧɿɤɟɽɧɤɨȼ.Ɇ. ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣɧɿɡɚɫɚɞɢɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɚɝ -ɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɢɧɤɭ – [ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ȼ.Ɇ. Ⱥɧɿɤɟɽɧɤɨ – Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ: www.kbuapa.kharkov.ua
2. ȱɧɲɚɤɨɜɈ.ȼ., ɎɪɨɥɨɜȾ.ɉ. ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɹ – ɤɥɸɱɞɨɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹɟɤɨɧɨ -ɦɿɱɧɢɯɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ / Ɉ.ȼ. ȱɧɲɚɤɨɜ, Ⱦ.ɉ. Ɏɪɨɥɨɜ // ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɚɬɟɨɪɿɹ. – 2011. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 52-62.
3. Ʌɨɩɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɢɣɘ.Ɇ. Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ: ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿ -ɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɡɚɯɨɞɢ: [ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ] / ɘ.Ɇ. Ʌɨɩɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɢɣ. – ɑɟɪɧɿɜɰɿ: Ɋɭɬɚ. – 2006. – 344 ɫ.
4. ɋɟɪɤɨɜȺ.Ɏ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɧɫɬɢɬɭ -ɬɨɜɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨɪɵɧɤɚɊɨɫɫɢɢ / Ⱥ.Ɏ. ɋɟɪɤɨɜ // ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɚȺɉɄ. – 2003. – ʋ 10. – ɋ.134 – 138.
5. ɋɤɪɢɩɧɢɤɇ., ɋɟɪɞɸɤȺ. ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɚɫɩɟɤɬɢɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ – [ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ɇ. ɋɤɪɢɩɧɢɤ, Ⱥ. ɋɟɪɞɸɤ – Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ: http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/ soc_gum/iver/2009_2_1/article/13_129-136.pdf
6. ɒɩɢɤɭɥɹɤɈ.Ƚ. ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɚɫɩɟɤɬɢɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ / Ɉ.Ƚ. ɒɩɢɤɭɥɹɤ // ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɚȺɉɄ. – 2008. – ʋ 5. – ɋ. 114 – 121.
7. əɰɤɿɜɋ. ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨɪɢɧɤɭ: ɫɭɬɶɿɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ – [ȿɥɟɤ -ɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ɋ. əɰɤɿɜ – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ: http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/ portal/Chem_Biol/Vldau/APK/2010_2/files%5C10yseadp.pdf
ɇ ɚ ɞɿ ɣ ɲɥ ɚ ɞ ɨ ɪ ɟ ɞ ɚɤ ɰ ɿ ʀ 2 8 . 0 9 . 1 3
ɋ. Ɋɟɜɟɧɤɨ, ɚɫɩ.
Ƚɍ "ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢɢɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɇȺɇɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ", Ʉɢɟɜ
ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇȺəɋɊȿȾȺɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂəɈɊȽȺɇɂɁɈȼȺɇɇɈȽɈȺȽɊȺɊɇɈȽɈɊɕɇɄȺ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨɪɵɧɤɚ. ɋɰɟɥɶɸɜɵɹɜɥɟ
-ɧɢɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜɢɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɥɢɹɸɬɧɚɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ "ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ" ɚɜɬɨɪɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɢɬɭ
-ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɫɪɟɞɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɫɬɚɞɢɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬɜɪɟɡɭɥɶ
-ɬɚɬɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɪɵɧɤɚ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵɤɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ: ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ; ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ; ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ; ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɣɪɵɧɨɤ.
S. Revenko, PhD Student
Institute of Economics and Forecasting, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv
INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL MARKET FORMATION PROCESS
This article considers institutional aspects of the organized agricultural market formation process. Theoretical base to distinguish institute and institutes is given. In order to find out main influential institutes of the "organization" phenomenon author analyses Ukrainian institutional environment that is under construction process. Author considers main processes which are running during the organized market formation. Author researches theoretical approaches to the institutional staff. In order to structure the most common approaches and theoretical knowledge of this problem author proposes few schemes. Author's points of view for many questions of the organized market formation process are proposed. Researcher analyzes effectiveness of the institutes and governmental regulation of the agricultural market. Readers can find strategically new approach to the agricultural market formation policy from the governmental point of view. Essence of the socioeconomic formation of agricultural market is considered. Main factors of agriculture market formation are outlined. Agricultural market structural parts consideration systematic approach is proposed. Ineffectiveness of the agriculture market relations without regulation process is proved. The most unfavorable reasons of the agricultural market formation are determined.
ɍȾɄ 339.138 JEL M 11
ȼ. ɋɟɪɞɸɤ, ɞ-ɪɷɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰ.
Ⱦɨɧɟɰɤɢɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ⱦɨɧɟɰɤ
ǺdzȀǼDzǶȅdzǿǸǶǷ
ǽǼDzȃǼDz
Ǹ
ǮǻǮǹǶǵȁ
ǰǹǶȍǻǶȍ
ǶǻǻǼǰǮȄǶǼǻǻȉȃ
ǽǾǼȄdzǿǿǼǰ
ǻǮ
ǸǮȅdzǿȀǰǼ
ǺǮȆǶǻǼǿȀǾǼǶȀdzǹȊǻǼǷ
ǽǾǼDzȁǸȄǶǶ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɞɯɨɞɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɭɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɪɹɞɚɧɚɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɩɪɨ
-ɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɧɚɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɦɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ: ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ;ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. ȼɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɨ
-ɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧ
-ɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɟɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ ɬɟɦ
-ɩɵ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɚ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚ
-ɧɢɹɢɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹɧɨɜɨɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɜɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɪɨ
-ɤɢɢɫɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɟɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ
-ɫɬɢɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ. Ⱥ ɷɬɨɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ, ɩɨ
-ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨ
-ɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɨɣ, ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢ
-ɟɦ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ.
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɧɨɜ
-ɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɜɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫ
-ɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɧɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟɦɟɫɬɨ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, Ⱥɪɚɤɟɥɹɧɚ Ⱥ.Ɇ.,
ȻɚɪɬɚɲɟɜɚɅ.ȼ., Ȼɥɚɧɤɚɂ.Ⱥ., ȻɨɪɨɞɤɢɧɚȺ.ɋ., Ȼɪɢɬɱɟɧ
-ɤɨ Ƚ.ɂ., ȼɢɥɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ɇ.Ⱥ., Ƚɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ Ʌ.Ɇ., Ƚɨɥɭɛɧɢɱɟɣ
Ƚ.ɉ. Ƚɨɧɱɚɪɨɜɚȼ.ɇ., ȾɪɨɧɨɜɚɎ.Ⱥ., ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚɘ.Ȼ., ɂɥɶɟɧɤɨ
-ɜɨɣ ɇ.Ⱦ., Ʉɚɬɚɫɨɧɨɜɚ ȼ.ɘ.,ɄɨɥɟɝɚɟɜɚɊ.ɇ., Ʉɨɧɫɨɧɚ Ⱥ.ɋ.,
ɄɨɪɨɜɢɧɨɣɁ.ɉ., Ʉɭɲɥɢɧɚȼ.ɂ., ɅɶɜɨɜɚȾ.ɋ., Ɇɨɧɱɟɜɚɇ.,
Ɇɷɧɫɮɢɥɞɚɗ., Ɉɪɥɨɜɚɉ.Ⱥ., ɉɚɜɥɨɜɨɣȼ.Ⱥ., ɉɟɪɥɚɤɢɆ.,
Ɋɨɞɠɟɪɫɚɗ., ɊɭɦɹɧɰɟɜɚȺ.Ɇ., ɋɬɪɭɦɢɥɢɧɚɋ.Ƚ., ɌɜɢɫɫɚȻ.,
ɌɭɪɨɜɰɚɈ.Ƚ., ɏɚɪɬɦɚɧɚȼ.Ⱦ., Ɏɢɥɢɩɩɨɜɨɣɋ.ȼ., ɎɨɫɬɟɪɚɊ.,
ɒɭɦɩɟɬɟɪɚɂ., əɦɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨɋ.Ɇ. ɢɞɪ. [1-7 ɢɞɪ.].
ɇɟɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɟɪɚɧɟɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɳɟɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. ɉɪɨ
-ɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧ
-ɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬ
-ɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ, ɫɚɦɨɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɟɝɨɬɟɦɩɵɢɯɚ
-ɪɚɤɬɟɪ: ɨɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɲɢ
-ɧɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
-ɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɢɥ ɜɨɜɫɟɯɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ,
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɦɩɵ ɫɨɡ
-ɞɚɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɚɡɵɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢ
-ɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɚɫɫɨɪɬɢ
-ɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨ
-ɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɢɧɮɨɪ
-ɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɟɨ
-ɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯɢɨɬɟ
-ɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ "ɧɢɲɢ" ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ
-ɧɢɣɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
-ɦɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡ
-ɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ. ɐɟɥɶɫɬɚɬɶɢ. ȼɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟɢɡɭ
-ɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɧɟɨɛɯɨ
-ɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ
ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ, ɢ ɫɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟ
-ɦɵɯɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɪɟɲɟɧɢɢɡɚ
-ɞɚɱ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɢɦɟɟɬɜɵɛɨɪɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɤɚɤɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ, ɬɚɤɢɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɬɨɱɧɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨ
-ɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ, ɜɨ
-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɨɛɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɢɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɟɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ,
ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɪɟ
-ɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ, ɜɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɨɬ
-ɪɚɠɚɟɬɡɚɬɪɚɬɵɧɚɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ, ɜ
-ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟ
-ɧɢɸ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ "ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ" ɩɪɢ
-ɝɨɞɟɧɥɢɲɶɞɥɹɨɰɟɧɤɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣɤɚɤɫɪɟɞ
-ɫɬɜɨɬɪɭɞɚ, ɢɞɥɹɨɰɟɧɤɢɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɬɨ
ɟɫɬɶɢɡɞɟɥɢɣɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɧɚɪɹɞɭɫ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫ
-ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɹɜ
-ɥɹɟɬɫɹɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɛɨɥɟɟɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ.
ɉɪɢɨɰɟɧɤɟɫɜɹɡɢɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢɫɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɩɪɨɞɭ
-ɤɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɛɧɨɜ
-ɥɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɜɟɫɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɜɵɫɲɢɦ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦ. Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬ ɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɟɟ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ.
Ɉɞɧɨɝɨɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣɭɪɨɜɧɟɣɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɵ
-ɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚ
-ɛɨɬɤɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸ
-ɳɟɣɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɜɵɫɲɢɦɦɢɪɨɜɵɦɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦ,
ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɢɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ – ɫɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɫɹ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɦɢ
-ɪɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɢɥɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɦ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɬɪɭ
-ɞɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ
-ɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɚɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɞɟ
-ɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɟɫɨɦɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸ
-ɳɢɯɜɵɫɲɢɦɦɢɪɨɜɵɦɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦ, ɢɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ
ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɷɬɨɬɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɭɥɭɱ
-ɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.ɇɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟɨɛɫɬɨɢɬɞɟɥɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
