Asiphonipponaphis
, a new genus of Hormaphidinae
(Hemiptera, Aphididae) causing galls on
Distylium chinense
from China,
with description of a new species
Jing Chen1,3,†, Masato Sorin2,‡, Ge-Xia Qiao1,§
1 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R.China 2 Kogakkan University, 30–64, Sakuragaoka, Ise-shi, Mie-ken, 516–0028, Japan 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P.R.China
† urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:18E44D3A-EA0E-4CD4-8646-46A6A689ACEF
‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:882F21EF-102E-40A7-8446-63C7654FD6B5
§ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6075A192-E433-4782-9F4D-013126A42DC1
Corresponding author:Ge-Xia Qiao ([email protected])
Academic editor: Mike Wilson | Received 19 March 2011 | Accepted 19 May 2011 | Published 22 June 2011 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F9BBEBA2-930E-468A-B0B1-B9D333838AEE
Citation: Chen J, Sorin M, Qiao GX (2011) Asiphonipponaphis, a new genus of Hormaphidinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) causing galls on Distylium chinense from China, with description of a new species. ZooKeys 111: 1–10. doi: 10.3897/ zookeys.111.1283
Abstract
he aphid genus Asiphonipponaphisgen. n. from China is new to science. Asiphonipponaphis vasigallasp. n. causing galls on Distylium chinense from Hunan, China is described and illustrated. Holotype and para-types are deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (NZMCAS) and Kogakkan University, Japan.
Keywords
Asiphonipponaphis, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae, new genus, new species, China
introduction
he aphid tribe Nipponaphidini in subfamily Hormaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphidi-dae) occurs in East and Southeast Asia, with Distylium as the primary host, on which diferent shaped and sized galls are produced, and Fagaceae, Lauraceae and Morace-ae as the secondary hosts (Ghosh 1988). Pergande (1906) described the irst nip-ponaphidine species causing galls on Distylium from Japan. Since then, many gall-forming species on Distylium have been described (Matsumura 1917, Monzen 1934, 1954, Takahashi 1958, 1962, Hille Ris Lambers 1959, Noordam 1991, Sorin 1996). Takahashi (1962) and Sorin (1987) reviewed the species which cause galls on Disty-lium in Japan. Blackman and Eastop (1994) keyed the aphid species on Distylium, including free-living apterae and alatae emerging from galls. Sorin (2003) keyed the aphid species living on Distylium racemosum in Japan based on the galls and their detailed life cycles.
Up to now, at least eighteen species and one subspecies in twelve genera are known to induce galls on Distylium. hirteen species and one subspecies are record-ed on Distylium racemosum, viz. Dinipponaphis autumna (Monzen), Indonipponaphis
fulvicola Sorin, Metanipponaphis cuspidatae (Essig & Kuwana), M. rotunda
Taka-hashi, M. rotunda nakijinensis Sorin, Metathoracaphis isensis Sorin, Monzenia globuli
(Monzen), M. ihai Sorin, Neothoracaphis yanonis (Matsumura), Nipponaphis distychii
Pergande, N. distyliicola Monzen, N. loochooensis Sorin, N. monzeni Takahashi and
Quadrartus yoshinomiyai Monzen. Five species are recorded on Distylium stellare,
viz. Distylaphis foliorum (van der Goot), Neohormaphis calva Noordam, Reticulaphis
distylii (van der Goot), Schizoneuraphis gallarum van der Goot and S. longisetosa
Noordam. In China, Neothoracaphis yanonis also forms galls on Distylium chinense
(personal observation).
In this study, a new genus and a new species, Asiphonipponaphis vasigalla sp. n. causing galls on Distylium chinense is described from Hunan, China, further enriching the group of aphid species forming galls on Distylium.
Materials and methods
All specimens examined in this study were collected from Jishou University (Jishou City) by X. T. Li.
Aphid terminology in this paper generally follows Ghosh (1988) and Noordam (1991). he unit of measurements in this paper is millimeters (mm).
table 1. Biometric data of Asiphonipponaphis vasigalla sp. n. (in mm).
Parts
(For abbreviations see Materials and methods)
Fundatrix (n=1)
Alate vivipara (n=10)
Mean Range Standard
Deviation
Length (mm) Body length 2.036 2.394 2.204–2.492 0.098
Body width 1.723 1.162 1.126–1.219 0.029
Ant.I 0.057 0.062 0.052–0.073 0.008
Ant.II 0.043 0.048 0.045–0.051 0.003
Ant.III 0.189 0.406 0.371–0.443 0.023
Ant.IV / 0.183 0.156–0.203 0.015
Ant.Vb / 0.076 0.065–0.085 0.007
PT 0.026 0.026 0.020–0.032 0.004
URS 0.063 0.068 0.065–0.071 0.003
Hind femur 0.342 0.532 0.516–0.548 0.009
Hind tibia 0.301 0.684 0.661–0.701 0.012
2HT 0.072 0.106 0.099–0.111 0.004
Cauda 0.025 0.048 0.043–0.050 0.002
BW Cauda 0.035 0.054 0.050–0.057 0.003
Ant.IIIWD 0.038 0.051 0.048–0.056 0.002
MW Hind tibia 0.035 0.039 0.035–0.042 0.002
Cephalic setae 0.026 0.013 0.012–0.017 0.002
Setae on Tergum I 0.023 0.022 0.015–0.027 0.004
Setae on Tergum VIII 0.038 0.037 0.032–0.041 0.003
Setae on Hind tibia 0.024 0.031 0.027–0.033 0.002
No. of setae on Ant.I 2 1–3
Ant.II 2 2
Ant.III 0 0
Ant.IV 0 0
Ant.Vb 0 0
PT 0+4 0+5
URS 6 6
Tergum VIII 4 5–8
Cauda 9 12–19
Each lobe of AP 9–10 10–15
GP 13 39–52
Ratio (times) Whole antenna / Body 0.14 0.33 0.32–0.35 0.009
Hind femur / Ant.III / 1.32 1.21–1.48 0.084
Hind tibia / Body 0.15 0.29 0.28–0.31 0.012
PT / Ant.Vb / 0.35 0.24–0.48 0.071
URS / BW URS 1.43 1.29 1.09–1.55 0.159
URS / 2HT 0.88 0.65 0.61–0.71 0.037
Cauda / BW Cauda 0.74 0.90 0.80–1.01 0.071
Cephalic setae / Ant.IIIWD 0.68 0.26 0.22–0.33 0.032
Specimen depositories: the holotype and ten paratypes of the new species are de-posited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (NZMCAS), and two paratypes in Kogakkan University, Japan.
taxonomy
Asiphonipponaphis gen. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:42BF723C-37E9-4FA5-AFC1-C81FEDA1F066 http://species-id.net/wiki/Asiphonipponaphis
Type species. Asiphonipponaphis vasigalla sp. n.
Etymology. he new genus is named for the absence of siphunculi. “A” (Latin) means “absent”, “sipho” (Latin) means “siphunculi”, “nipponaphis” refers to its ailia-tion to the tribe Nipponaphidini.
Generic diagnosis. In alatae, antennae 5-segmented, secondary rhinaria annular. Rostrum short, ultimate rostral segment shorter than second hind tarsal segment, with 2 pairs of primary setae and 1 pair of accessory setae. Abdomen with 5 pairs of spira-cles, present on abdominal segments II–VI. Siphunculi absent in both fundatrix and emigrant alatae. Cauda knobbed, distinctly constricted at base. Anal plate bilobed. Legs normal. Tarsi 2-segmented, claws normal, irst tarsal chaetotaxy of alatae 3, 3, 3. Fore wings of emigrant alatae with pterostigma narrow and long, distal margin of pter-ostigma forming almost a straight line with the hind margin, media unbranched, not united with cubitus, and two cubitus veins fused at base; hind wings with 2 obliques.
Comments. his new genus is unique in Nipponaphidini by its peculiar galls and morphological characters. Diferent from other saccate galls on Distylium, e.g. galls of
Nipponaphis, its galls are located on the midrib of leaves and split at the tip when
ma-ture, forming a lower-shaped opening, while galls of Nipponaphis are located on twigs and usually open on the lateral wall of the galls when mature. It is related to Quadrartus
Monzen for sharing several characters in alatae, such as spiracles present on abdominal segments II–VI (i.e. 5 on each side of abdomen), distal margin of pterostigma form-ing almost a straight line with the hind margin, but difers from the latter as follows: antennae 5-segmented (in Quadrartus: 4-segmented); media of fore wings unbranched
(in Quadrartus: once branched); siphunculi absent (in Quadrartus: present). It is also
related to Indonipponaphis Ghosh & Raychaudhuri. Both of them possess 5-segmented antennae in alatae and induce galls on the midrib of leaves of Distylium. But the new genus difers from Indonipponaphis as follows: abdomen with 5 pairs of spiracles (in
Indonipponaphis: 4 pairs); media of fore wings unbranched (in Indonipponaphis: once
branched); siphunculi absent (in Indonipponaphis: present).
and apterous morphs. hus identiication of alatae, although confusing, is still very important to the classiication of Nipponaphidini. Further observations of life cycles will probably reveal more gall causers on Distylium,and acquisition of more morphs will facilitate the taxonomic study and clear up the confusion.
Asiphonipponaphis vasigalla sp. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EAA77666-5C96-4AF6-9C27-87C01F0ED006 http://species-id.net/wiki/Asiphonipponaphis_vasigalla
Figs 1–20
Locus typicus. China (Hunan, 28°17'23"N, 109°43'11"E, altitude 240 m).
Etymology. he new species is named for the shape of gall. “Vas” (Latin) means “vase”, “galla” (Latin) means “gall”.
Description. Fundatrix: Body oval, nearly round (Fig. 8), reddish brown and cov-ered with thin white wax in life. For morphometric data see Table 1.
Alate viviparous females (emigrants from galls): Body oval (Fig. 9), cephalothorax black, abdomen dark reddish brown and pterostigma black in life, wings lat in repose. For morphometric data see Table 1.
Mounted specimens. Head, thorax, antennae, ultimate rostral segment, legs and genital plate brown, abdominal tergites VII–VIII with brown broad transverse bands, forewing veins and pterostigma brown, the other parts of body pale. Dorsum of head with sparse imbrications, tibiae, tarsi, venter of femora and abdominal tergites VI–VIII with dense spinulose imbrications. Spiracles oval, closed, on abdominal segments II– VI, spiracular plates brown. Dorsal setae of body short and pointed, on light brown se-ta-bearing sclerites. Head with 10–25 dorsal setae between antennae and 15–20 dorsal setae between eyes; pronotum with 1 pair of spinal, 1 pair of pleural and 2 pairs of mar-ginal setae; mesonotum with 19–30 setae; abdominal tergite I with 5–8 spino-pleural and 1 pair of marginal setae; abdominal tergite II with 4–9 spino-pleural and 1 pair of marginal setae; abdominal tergite III with 6–8 spino-pleural and 1 pair of marginal se-tae; abdominal tergites IV–V each with 5–8 spino-pleural and 1 pair of marginal sese-tae; abdominal tergites VI–VII each with 4–6 spino-pleural and 1 pair of marginal setae; tergite VIII with 5–8 setae. Cephalic setae, marginal setae on abdominal tergite I and spinal setae on tergite VIII 0.22–0.33 times, 0.29–0.53 times and 0.58–0.80 times as long as widest diameter of antennal segment III, respectively.
sparse. Segments I–V each with 1–3, 2, 0, 0, 0+0 setae, respectively. Processus terminalis with 5 apical setae. Primary rhinaria small, round and ciliated. Segments III, IV and base of segment V each with 37–44, 16–21, 6–9 annular secondary rhinaria, respec-tively. Rostrum short, not reaching mid-coxae. Ultimate rostral segment blunt wedge-shaped (Figs. 3, 12), 1.09–1.55 times as long as its basal width, 0.61–0.71 times as long as second hind tarsal segment; with 2 pairs of primary setae and 1 pair of accessory setae.
Abdomen: Siphunculi absent. Cauda, anal plate and genital plate with dense spi-nulose imbrications. Cauda knobbed, distinctly constricted at base (Figs. 5, 13), 0.80– 1.01 times as long as its basal width, with 12–19 setae. Anal plate bilobed (Figs. 6, 14), each with 10–15 setae. Genital plate broad round (Figs. 7, 15), with 39–52 setae. Two gonapophyses each with 3–9 short setae.
Specimens examined. Holotype: alate viviparous female, CHINA: Hunan (Jishou City, 28°17'23"N, 109°43'11"E, altitude 240 m), 21 Apr. 2010, No. Y8974–1-8, on
Distylium chinense, coll. X. T. Li (NZMCAS). Paratypes: 1 fundatrix and 11 alate
vi-viparous females, with the same collection data as holotype.
about 1.250 mm long); irst tarsal chaetotaxy: 2, 2, 2 (the latter: 3, 3, 2); siphunculi absent (the latter: present); cauda knobbed (the latter: round). Alatae from galls: base of antennal segment V with 6–9 secondary rhinaria (the latter: 11–14); abdomen with 5 pairs of spiracles (the latter: 4 pairs); irst tarsal chaetotaxy: 3, 3, 3 (the latter: 3, 3, 2); media of fore wings unbranched (the latter: once branched); siphunculi absent (the latter: present); cauda knobbed (the latter: round).
Host plant.Distylium chinense.
Biology. he aphids live in galls on the upper side of leaves of Distyliumchinense. In early March, small galls start to grow on young leaves, often rise from or near the midrib, spherical, pale green, sometimes with a pinkish tinge due to the dense soft hairs on the surface (Fig. 16). Usually one leaf bears only one gall. After about 30 days, the galls when fully developed are large, long, saccate, approximately 3.2 cm in length and 1.1 cm in diameter (Fig. 17). Later, they split at the tip, forming a lower-shaped opening (Figs. 19, 20), through which large honeydew droplets coated with much wax are expelled (Fig. 18). he galls are vase-shaped when mature (Fig. 20). he alate vivip-arous females mature in the galls in late April and ly to an unknown secondary host.
Acknowledgements
We gratefully thank X. T. Li for collecting, photographing the galls and providing biological information. We also thank F. D. Yang for specimen production. he work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Nos. 30830017, 31061160186), National Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scien-tists (No. 31025024), National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research (No. J0930004), and a grant (No. O529YX5105) from the Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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