3 ª aula
Prof. Doutora Maria do Rosário Partidário
Quadro legal e institucional para AIA a nível
europeu e nacional / Legal and institutional
framework for EIA at European and national levels
Processo e produtos / Process and products
Selecção de acções / Screening
Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente
5º ano / 9º semestre
SISTEMA DE AIA /
EIA SYSTEM
- Legislação / Legislation
- Processo / Process
- Actores / Actors
- Produtos / Products
Directive 85/337/CEE of 27 June,
modified by Directive 97/11/CE of March 3rd,
on the assessment of the effects of certain public and
private projects on the environment
http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/eia/full-legal-text/9711.htm
Scope of application:
'project’:
- the execution of construction works or of other installations or schemes,
-other interventions in the natural surroundings and landscape including those involving the extraction of mineral resources;
Directive 85/337/CEE of 27 June,
modified by Directive 97/11/CE of March 3rd,
on the assessment of the effects of certain public
and private projects on the environment
Scope of “environment”:
• human beings, fauna and flora,
• soil, water, air, climate and the landscape, • material assets and the cultural heritage,
• the inter-action between the factors mentioned in the first and second indents.
Directive 85/337/CEE of 27 June,
modified by Directive 97/11/CE of March 3rd
The information to be provided by the developer:
• a description of the project comprising information on the site, design and size of the project,
• a description of the measures envisaged in order to avoid, reduce and, if possible, remedy significant adverse effects,
• the data required to identify and assess the main effects which the project is likely to have on the environment,
• an outline of the main alternatives studied by the developer and an indication of the main reasons for his choice, taking into account the environmental effects,
• a non-technical summary of the information mentioned in the previous indents.
Key features
-Establishes the European model of EIA
-Positive list (Annex I - mandatory and Annex II - discretionary) -Voluntary scoping
-Assessment of alternatives
-Annex III - criteria for the significance of environmental impacts -Public participation and institutional engagement
-Requirements for information on the decision
Directive 85/337/CEE of 27 June,
Aarhus Convention and
European Directive 2003/4/CE of 28 January
http://www.unece.org/env/pp/
Access to information, Public participation in environmental decision-making and Access to justice in environmental matters
European Directive 2004/35/CE - environmental
responsibility
UNECE Convention on EIA in a Transboundary
Context (Espoo Convention)
http://www.unece.org/env/eia/
Adopted in 1991, entered into force in 1997
Environmental threats do not respect national borders.
Governments have realized that to avert this danger they must notify and consult each other on all major projects under
consideration that might have adverse environmental impact across borders.
44 countries are now signatories to the Convention
The Espoo Convention is a key step to bringing together all
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR EIA IN
EUROPE
DG ENVIRONMENT
Responsible for the administration of European Directives and for overviewing member-states activities in implementing EIA, ensuring they are fulfilled.
Other sectoral DG in their areas of responsibility (for example DG Transports, DG Regions, DG Energy)
EIA in the EU
COWI study (2009) concerning the report on the application and effectiveness of the EIA Directive
General findings of the Study:
-The EIA procedures ensures that environmental
considerations are taken into account in the decision-making process
-The EIA procedures ensures transparency in the environmental decision-making
The Study:
-Contains analysis of 27 MS
-Examines organisational and legal arrangements in place, expertise and level of experience
-It is the fourth review of the EIA Directive, previously in 2003, 1997 and 1993.
EIA in the EU
COWI study (2009) concerning the report on the application and effectiveness of the EIA Directive
Specific findings - most problematic areas:
-Screening - the use of thresholds, lack of capacity in ensuring sound screening, variations in application, combined procedures
-(Cumulative effects - require more guidance, lack of experience on how to address)
-(Alternatives - not sufficiently address, proponents resist to study environmental alternatives)
-Transboundary consultations - different procedures, time frames applied in the various Member States. Language differences and cost of translation
-Quality control - challenges in assuring quality -Monitoring - lack of provisions in the EIA Directive
LEGISLAÇÃO FUNDAMENTAL DE
AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPACTE AMBIENTAL
PORTUGAL
LEGISLAÇÃO NACIONAL FUNDAMENTAL
Decreto-Lei nº 69/2000 de 3 de Maio, com a redação
anexa ao Decreto-Lei nº 197/2005 de 8 de
Novembro
Portaria nº 330/2001 de 2 de Abril (Portaria das
QUADRO INSTITUCIONAL PARA AIA
PORTUGAL
Autoridade de AIA
A entidade da Administração Pública responsável pela coordenação e administração do processo de AIA e a quem compete a promoção e condução da participação pública
Projectos Anexo I (grandes projectos) - Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente
Projectos do Anexo II - Comissões de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional (CCDR)
QUADRO INSTITUCIONAL PARA AIA
PORTUGAL
Comissão de Avaliação
Grupo especializado, de técnicos representantes da Administração e consultores independentes, responsável pela apreciação técnica no processo de AIA.
QUADRO INSTITUCIONAL PARA AIA
PORTUGAL
Entidade licenciadora ou competente
para a autorização
A entidade competente da Administração Pública para tomar uma decisão de autorização ou de licenciamento sobre o projecto proposto
Process of Environmental Impact
Assessment (IAIA,1999):
Screening Scoping EIS preparation Quality Review Decision Post-evaluationDoes the project require an EIA?
What are key environmental issues?
Impacts assessment, mitigation measures, monitoring and environmental management
Were impacts and mitigation measures well
identified, and a monitoring programme defined? Approval or rejection
EIA PROCESS IN
PORTUGAL
APRECIAÇÃO TÉCNICA SCREENING SCOPING EIS PREPARATION QUALITY REVIEW DECISION POST-EVALUATION IPOST-EVALUATION II (All cases)
(only for EIA developed at Previous Studies phase)
Depend on EIA systems:
• Positive lists - explicitely state conditions for EIA
submission, with or without thresholds
• Negative ou exclusion lists - explicitely state
conditions to exclude a project from EIA submission, with
or without thresholds
• Initial studies to determine if a given projects must be
submitted, or not, to EIA.
Screening criteria
•Project category (classification, objectives, characteristics, type of manufactured products...);
•Location (protected areas, coastal areas, ….);
•Dimension (area, extension, flows, tension, amount of resources being used, nr of units,...);
•Other similar projects in the neighbourhood (cumulative effects); •Time horizon;
•Investment value (Equator Principles); •Two or more of the above criteria.
Screening in Portugal
1- Projects identified in the positive list - Annex I and Annex II 2- Exclusion from EIA (for projects on the positive list)
3- Joint decision by the environmental minister and the sector minister (for projects not on the positive list)
4- Preliminary assessment (for projects on the positive list but below thresholds) 1. Positive list 2. Exclusion 4. Preliminary assessment 3. Joint decision EIA Y/N: EIA Y/N: EIA EIA
EIA Directive -positive list Annex I
EXEMPLOS DA LISTA POSITIVA E LIMIARES
DE PROJECTOS
ANEXO I (Decreto-Lei nº 69/2000 de 3 de Maio com redação dada pelo
197/2005 de 8 de Novembro) EXEMPLO
….
7-a) Construção de vias para o tráfego ferroviário de longo curso e aeroportos cuja pista de descolagem e de aterragem tenha um comprimento de pelo menos 2100 m.
b) Construção de auto-estradas e de estradas destinadas ao tráfego motorizado, com duas faixas de rodagem, com separador, e pelo menos duas vias cada, e
c) Construção de itinerários principais e de itinerários complementares, de acordo com o Decreto-Lei nº 222/98, de 17 de Julho, com troços superiores a 10 km
….
13 - Estações de tratamento de águas residuais de capacidade superior a 150 000 hab/eq
Anexo II (Decreto-Lei nº 69/2000 de 3 de Maio com
redação dada pelo 197/2005 de 8 de Novembro)
10 - Projectos de infra-estruturas
Todos Todos
k) Obras costeiras de combate à erosão
marítima… não previstos em PMOT…
Estradas nacionais e regionais: todas
….. Itinerários principais e itinerários
complementares. Estradas
nacionais e estradas regionais, de acordo com o Decreto-Lei nº 222/98, de 17 de Julho, em troços >= 10 km….
e) Construção de estradas, … (não incluídos no Anexo I)
Todos Todos
m) Obras de transferência de recursos hídricos entre bacias hidrográficas (não incluídas no Anexo I
Áreas sensíveis Caso geral
Tipo de projecto
Todos Todos os parques industriais com
indústrias de classe A ou área >= 10 ha e loteamentos área >= 10ha a) Projectos de loteamento e
Áreas Sensíveis
(Decreto-Lei nº 69/2000 de 3 de Maio com redação
dada pelo 197/2005 de 8 de Novembro)
i) Áreas protegidas, classificadas ao abrigo do Decreto-Lei nº 19/93, de 23 de Janeiro, com as alterações introduzidas pelo Decreto-Lei nº 227/98, de 17 de Julho;
ii) Sítios da Rede Natura 2000, zonas especiais de conservação e zonas de protecção especial, classificadas nos termos do Decreto-Lei nº 140/99, de 24 de Abril, no âmbito das Directivas nº 79/409/CEE e 92/43/CEE;
iii) Áreas de protecção dos monumentos nacionais e dos imóveis de interesse público definidos nos termos da Lei nº 13/85, de 6 de Julho.
Actors
Inherently active in the process:
• Project proponent
• Project designer
• EIS consultant company
• Authority responsible for project licensing or authorization
• Environmental authority (usually the Ministry)
• EIA authority
• EIS quality review commission
Directly involved:
• Environmental non-governmental organizations
• Other non-governmental organizations
• Courts
• Ombudsman for Justice (Provedor de Justiça)
• Media
• General public
Strategic-political:
• Members of Parliament
• Government
• Spatial territory managers
SELECÇÃO DE ACÇÕES DEFINIÇÃO DO ÂMBITO PREPARAÇÃO DO EIA
PROCEDIMENTOS EM AIA EM PORTUGAL
PDA EIA RECAPE Rel. Monitorização APRECIAÇÃO TÉCNICA DECISÃO PÓS-AVALIAÇÃO I Estudos Iniciais PÓS-AVALIAÇÃO II
Products
Depend on the system
In Portugal (only the main products):
• Estudos Iniciais / Initial Studies
• Proposta de Definição do Âmbito (PDA) / Scoping proposal
• Deliberação da Definição do Âmbito / Scoping decision
• Estudo de Impacte Ambiental (EIA) /EIS
• Relatório da Consulta Pública / Public Consultation report (PCR) • Parecer da Comissão de Avaliação / Comment on PCR
• Declaração de Impacte Ambiental (DIA) / Environmental Impact
Statement
• Relatório de Confomidade Ambiental do Projecto de Execução
(RECAPE) / Report on the project environmental conformity
SCREENING SCOPING EIS PREPARATION QUALITY REVIEW DECISION POST-EVALUATION I POST-EVALUATION II
PRINCIPAIS PRODUTOS DE AIA EM PORTUGAL
PDA / Scoping proposal
EIA /EIS RECAPE / Project Conformity Rel. Monitorização / Monitoring report Estudos iniciais / Initial studies