Braz. J. of Develop.,Curitiba, v. 6, n. 8, p. 59651-59658 aug. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761
Utilização de minerais orgânicos sobre a qualidade interna de ovos em
diferentes períodos de estocagem dos ovos
Utilization of organic minerals over the internal quality of eggs in different
storage periods
DOI:10.34117/bjdv6n8-395
Recebimento dos originais:08/07/2020 Aceitação para publicação:20/08/2020
Juliana Pinto de Medeiros
Professora Associada do Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Recife-PE, Brasil E-mail: jupinto2@gmail.com Luciana Barbosa de Carvalho Borba
Mestre em Ciência Veterinária Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Recife-PE, Brasil
E-mail: ludegloria@hotmail.com Lígia Reis Moura Estevão Pós-Doutorado em Biociência Animal Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Recife-PE, Brasil
E-mail: ligiarme@yahoo.com.br Felipe José Feitoza Bastos Doutorado em Biociência Animal Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Recife-PE, Brasil
E-mail: zelipebastos@yahoo.com.br Marcos Aurélio Santos da Costa
Mestrando em Morfotecnologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Recife-PE, Brasil
E-mail: marcosxp17@gmail.com Geovanna Hachyra Facundo Guedes
Graduanda em Biomedicina Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Recife-PE, Brasil
Braz. J. of Develop.,Curitiba, v. 6, n. 8, p. 59651-59658 aug. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 Fernanda das Chagas Mendes Tenório
Professora Adjunto do Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Recife-PE, Brasil E-mail: fcas14@hotmail.com
Carina Scanoni Maia
Professora Adjunto do Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Recife-PE, Brasil
E-mail: carina.scanoni@gmail.com Joaquim Evêncio-Neto
Professor Titular do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Recife-PE, Brasil
E-mail: joaquim.evenciont@ufrpe.br RESUMO
O objetivo foi estudar a utilização de minerais orgânicos na qualidade interna dos ovos em diferentes períodos de armazenamento. Foram utilizadas 2400 galinhas Dekalb com 42 semanas de idade. O suplemento foi administrado durante toda a duração do experimento (10 meses, dividido em 4 períodos de 10 semanas cada). Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos, cada um composto por 1.200 aves, a saber, Grupo I - Controle, aves sem suplemento; Grupo II - galinhas submetidas à administração do suplemento. Na análise dos ovos, foram utilizados 180 ovos por coleta, 90 para cada grupo e 10 ovos para análise, avaliando a qualidade interna. Avaliamos a qualidade interna (Haugh) dos ovos produzidos e armazenados na geladeira (8°C) ou à temperatura ambiente (25°C-28°C), todos esses testes foram realizados durante 52 a 82 semanas. Os resultados revelaram que as Unidades Haugh do Grupo II mostraram uma melhor qualidade interna, tanto durante o armazenamento em temperatura ambiente (25°C) por 28 dias, sob refrigeração (8°C) no mesmo período de armazenamento. Concluímos que a suplementação ajuda a manter os componentes internos integrando o ovo em diferentes períodos de armazenamento.
Palavras-chaves: aves, armazenamento, Gallus gallus e suplementação.
ABSTRACT
The objective was to study the utilization of organic minerals on eggs internal quality in different periods of storage. 2400 Dekalb hens aged 42 weeks were used. The supplement was administered throughout the duration of the experiment (10 months, divided into 4 periods of 10 weeks each). The animals were divided, at random into 2 groups, each consisting of 1200 birds, namely Group I - Control, poultry without supplement; Group II - hens submitted to the administration of the supplement. In egg analysis, we used 180 eggs per collection, 90 for each group and 10 eggs for analysis, evaluating the internal quality. We evaluated the internal quality (Haugh unit) of eggs produced and stored in refrigerator (8°C) or at room temperature (25°C-28°C) with relative humidity of 50-70%, during periods of storage (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days), all these tests were performed during 52 to 82 weeks. The results revealed that the Haugh Units in Group II showed a better internal quality both during storage at room temperature (25°C) for 28 days under both chilling (8°C) in the same period of storage. Concluded that supplementation helps keep internal components integrating the egg in different periods of storage.
Braz. J. of Develop.,Curitiba, v. 6, n. 8, p. 59651-59658 aug. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 Keywords: poultry, storage, Gallus gallus and supplementation.
1 INTRODUCTION
Minerals are essentials to birds’ diet, as they participate in biochemical processes indispensables for normal growth and development. Therefore, there is currently a growing interest in studying factors that may improve absorption and metabolization of these oligoelements. From organic sources or chelates they have been used to reinforce mineral bioavailability traces by binding to mineral organic molecules, allowing the arrangement of structures with unique characteristics and high bioavailability (AAFCO, 1997).
Various quality attributes of albumen and yolk are wasted with extended egg storage. The rate of variations in albumen and yolk is associated with temperature and also the movement of carbon dioxide through the shell. The increase in albumen pH values during storage is related to the loss of carbon dioxide in the external environment which is accelerated at high temperatures. The chemical reactions that occur inside the egg as it ages turn the dense albumen into liquid. These reactions possibly entail carbonic acid (H2CO3) and may cause an increase in albumen pH. The H2CO3, one among many other buffer system components, dissociates into water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), or is released into the environment, raising the pH. As temperature declines, prevents the quality decrease (Kahraman et al., 1996; Ordónez, 2005).
The characteristics of fresh eggs adjust during storage, under the influence of temperature and environmental conditions. The albumen has great influence on the internal quality of the egg, while decreasing in viscosity means loss of quality. This can be assessed by measuring the height of the dense albumen portion using Haugh Units (HU), which is a widely used method.
During storage, egg weight loss occurs due to the transfer of moisture from the albumen to the external environment across the shell (Ahn et al., 1997; Scott & Silversides, 2000; Faria et al., 2002; Silversides & Budgell, 2004).
The recommended storage temperature for fresh eggs is between 8 and 15ºC, with a relative variance between 70 and 90%. When storage exceeds a period of 30 days, temperatures between 4 and 12ºC or around 0ºC are recommended. Over long periods, relative humidity (RH) should be maintained between 70 and 80% (BRASIL, 1990). According to Ordónez (2005), the storage between 0 and 1.5ºC with relative humidity of 85 and 90% prevents the deterioration off egg quality for 6 to 9 months.
The US Department of Agriculture considers Haugh Unit values greater than 72, between 60 and 72, and below 60 for good, medium, and low-quality eggs, respectively (USDA, 2020).
Braz. J. of Develop.,Curitiba, v. 6, n. 8, p. 59651-59658 aug. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761
The objective of this experiment was to observe the effect of organic minerals on the internal quality of eggs in different storage periods.
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 2400 42-week-old Dekalb hens (2nd production cycle) were used, coming from a commercial farm located in the city of Glória de Goitá, in the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco State. The supplement was administered throughout the duration of the experiment (10 months, divided into 4 periods of 10 weeks each). The animals were randomly separated into 2 groups, each consisting of 1200 birds, namely: Group I - Control, birds without supplement administration (I); Group II - Birds submitted to supplement administration (II).
The birds were exposed to natural light (12 hours daily) during the experiment course. The feed offered to the animals were based on corn and soybean meal, being isocaloric and isoproteic, one deprived from the product (Bioplex® Repro) and the other test feed containing the product in proportion of 0.1%. Being administered to the treated group 800g of the product for each ton of feed. Feed was fed to the hens in phase II, described in table 01:
Chart 01 - Nutritional Content of Feed.
Nutrient Control Treated
EM (Kcal/Kg) 2785 2785 Proteína Bruta (%) 17,19 17,19 Cálcio (%) 3,94 3,94 Fósforo Disponível (%) 0,48 0,48 Sódio (%) 0,17 0,17 Metionina+Cistina (%) 0,64 0,64 Lysina (%) 0,38 0,38 Bioplex® Repro1 800g/Kg
(1) Bioplex® Repro is a combination of Sel-Plex® (0,3 ppm), Bioplex® Zinc(200g) and Bioplex® Manganese (200g).
Were evaluated the internal quality (Haugh Unit) of eggs produced and stored in a refrigerator (8ºC) or at room temperature (25ºC-28°C), with relative humidity of 50-70%, during the storage periods (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days), all analyzes were performed within 52 to 82 weeks. For the Haugh Unit calculation we used the formula of Brant et al. (1951), Haugh Units = 100log (H + 5.57 - 1.7 W 0.37). In this case: H = albumen height (mm); W = egg weight (g).
In regard to the egg analysis, 180 eggs were used per collection, 90 for each group and 10 eggs per analysis, evaluating the internal quality of each egg. A sum of 720 eggs were evaluated during the 4-gathering performed.
Braz. J. of Develop.,Curitiba, v. 6, n. 8, p. 59651-59658 aug. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761
The results were assessed by Analysis of Variance and in case of significant, it was complemented by Tukey and Kramer Multiple Comparison test. Data were tabulated and processed in a SAS statistical program (SAS Institute Inc., 1999-2001, Cary, NC, USA). Adopting the significance level of 5% (P<0,05).
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results are shown in Table 1, which reveal that Haugh Units of group II at different intervals show a better internal quality, whether during storage at room temperature (25ºC) for 28 days or under refrigeration (8ºC) In the same storage period, suggesting that the supplementation supports the maintenance of the egg's internal components.
Table 1 - Haugh Units averages in contrasting stages of egg storage in refrigerator (8ºC) and room temperature (25ºC) of Bioplex® supplemented (GII) and non-supplemented (GI) laying hens aged from 52 to 82 weeks.
Storage Period 52 wk. 52 wk. 62 wk. 62 wk. 72 wk. 72 wk. 82 wk. 82 wk.
(days) GI GII GI GII GI GII GI GII
25ºC 07 d 69,70 ns 70,90 ns 75,60 ns 73,30 ns 70,90 ns 74,40 * 68,60 ns 68,60 ns 14 d 66,70 ns 66,00 ns 64,60 ns 63,20 ns 67,00 ns 74,80 * 61,40 ns 76,90 ns 21 d 65,40 ns 70,90* 62,70 ns 62,80 ns 68,00 ns 68,60 ns 63,40 ns 64,50 ns 28 d 66,20 ns 70,90* 60,70 ns 66,20* 64,90 ns 66,50 ns 62,50 ns 64,40 ns 8ºC 07 d 84,30 ns 88,00* 84,40 ns 84,60 ns 83,20 ns 83,60 ns 78,70 ns 81,70* 14 d 81,40 ns 80,60 ns 82,80 ns 83,10 ns 79,90 ns 82,90 * 66,20 ns 81,40* 21 d 79,00 ns 79,40 ns 81,80 ns 82,10 ns 81,40 ns 83,10 ns 78,30 ns 80,70* 28 d 82,60 ns 84,00 ns 71,00 ns 76,80* 80,80 ns 83,30 ns 74,20 ns 75,00 ns
ns(not-significant) *(significant at 5% T-Student)
The obtained results are consistent with those of Wakebe (1999) when he describes that after storing eggs from birds supplemented with organic selenium during 7 days, Haugh Units were reduced from 88 to 76 (14% reduction), while in non-supplemented birds decreased from 87 to 60 (31% drop). And also, in accordance with the findings of Pappas et al. (2005) when he describes that mineral supplementation may attenuate the reduction of Haugh Units in stored eggs.
Franco et al. (2002) conducted an experiment with 52-week-old Lohmann birds supplemented with a set of minerals (Se, Zn and Mn), evaluating the quality of stored and refrigerated eggs. They have concluded that addicting the product to the commercial hens feed improved the internal quality of the eggs in the time of storage in environment or refrigerator, which corroborates our findings.
Braz. J. of Develop.,Curitiba, v. 6, n. 8, p. 59651-59658 aug. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761
Xavier et al. (2004) observed improvements in egg production rates, feed conversion, shell weight, shell thickness, specific egg weight and Haugh Unit of semi-heavy laying hens in the second production cycle, concluding that there are benefits in including selenium, zinc and manganese in the form of an organic complex at this stage.
Murakami & Franco (2004) found that eggs from hens supplemented with micro-minerals (zinc, selenium, copper and manganese) in the form of an organic complex had longer shelf life (lower drop of Haugh Unit) than the inorganic source of micro-minerals. From another point of view, when stored at a more adequate temperature (9ºC), there was no significant difference in that regard between the micro-mineral and inorganic sources.
Jones & Musgrove (2005) stored eggs at 4°C for 10 weeks and observed a Haugh Units value of 67.43 UH at the end of storage, indicating that eggs still had some quality after refrigeration. A high value for Haugh Units is associated with a good quality egg and the rate of decrease in Haugh Units increases at high storage temperatures (Berardinelli, 2003; Stadelman, 2017). Furthermore, the time and storage conditions as well as the age and breed of the chicken affect the albumen height. As hens age increases, albumen height decreases (Tharrington, 1999; Scott & Silversides, 2000; Silversides & Budgell, 2004).
The results are also in agreement with Franco & Sakamoto (2005), by supplementing the birds with organic minerals he observed that promoted a maintenance of internal quality during storage periods.
4 CONCLUSION
We conclude that supplementation helps maintain the internal components of the egg in different storage periods.
ACKNOLEDGMENTS
To CNPq for the important financial support, UFRPE, Granja Santa Luzia for the supply of birds and eggs, to the researchers and trainees who participated directly or indirectly in the research.
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