Resolutions of the WHO Escecutive Board and the World Health Assembly of interest to the Regional Committee

(1)

regional committee

PAN AMERICAN

HEALTH

ORGANIZATION

XVI Meeting

Washington, D. C. September-October 1965

WORLD

HEALTH

ORGANIZATION

XVII Meeting

Provisional Agenda Item 24

RESOLUTIONS OF THE WHO EXECUTIVE BOARD AND INTEREST TO THE REG0IONALCOMMITTEE

CD16/19 (Engo) 28 July 1965

ORIGINAL: ENGLISHSPANISH

THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY OF

The attached resolutions adopted by the Eighteenth World Health Assembly are submitted to the consideration of the XVII Meeting of the Regional Committee of the World Health Organization for the Americas.

Enclosures

W _ _

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Resolution

Noo

,,, T i t l e

WFHAI1.3

EB35.R17

WHA1l8 31 WHA18o33

EB350oR45 WHA18.34

EB36 R17 EB35.R12

EB35oR19 and

Annex 12

WHA18.37 WHA18.38 WHA18. 48

Development of the malaria eradication programme Voluntary Fund for Health Promotion: World

Health Foundations

Fourth general programme of work covering a -specific period (1967-1971):

Programme and budget estimates for 1966:

Voluntary Fund for Health Promotion

Organizational study of the Executive Board:

Methods of planning and execution of projects

Smallpox eradication programme

Amendments to Article 7 of the Constitution

1

.5...

7

9 :·

21 22

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CD16/19 (Eng.)

ANNEX

Page 1

EIGHTEENTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY WHAl8,5

12 May 1965

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH AND

'FRENCH

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MALARIA ERADICATION PROGRAMME

The Eighteenth World Health Assembly,

Having considered the report of the Director-General;

Noting that the population of the areas in the maintenance and consolidation

phases freed from the risk of endemic malaria now amounts to about 81) millions

or 52 per cent. of the population of the originally malarious areas of the world;

Noting the progress that has been made in pre-eradication programmes and

the stimulus these programmes have given towards the development of a network

of rural health services in the countries concerned;

Appreciating the steps that have been taken to intensify investigations

with a view to determining the means of fully interrupting the transmission of

malaria in problem areas;

Recognizing that, as malaria ceases to constitute a public health problem

in a country, there is still a need for constant vigilance and for an awareness

of the danger of re-establishment of the disease,

1. URGES governments undertaking pre-eradication programmes to give priority

to the country-wide development of a network of rural health services to sustain

the malaria eradication programme;

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CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNE:

Page 2

2. URGES international agencies and governments providing bilateral assistance

to give priority support to meet the extensive needs of such programmes,

particularly in the training of personnel and the provision of supplies;

3. REQUESTS the Director-General to bring up to date his report on the

financial part of the study of the malaria eradication programme carried out

ir -accordance with paragraph 4 of resolution WHA16.23, for submission to a

future Health Assembly, bringing out the need for continued assistance from WHO

during the maintenance phase of malaria eradication programme;

4. REQUESTS the Directcr-General to increase the amount of the budget for

research with a view to intensifying investigations for determing the means of

fully interrupting the transmission of malaria in problem areas;

5. URGES governments of countries.which have reached an advanced stage in

their malaria eradication prograjnmes to.take steps to encourage or ensure the

collaboration of all medical and health personnel in vigilance against the

re-establishment of the disease; and

6. URGES governments of all countries to ensure adequate teaching on both the

clinical and public health aspects of malaria and requests the co-operation of

universities and schools of medicine and public health in this regard.

Eighth plenary meeting, 12 May 1965

(5)

CD16/19 (Eng.)

ANNEX Page 3

Thirty-fifth.Session EB35.R17

22 January 1965

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MALARIA ERADICATION PROGRAMME

The Executive Board,

Having considered the report of the Director-General on the development of

the malaria eradication programme,

1. REQUESTS the Director-General to bring the report up -to date for presentation

to the Eighteenth World Health Assembly; and

2. RECOMMENDS to the Eighteenth World Health Assembly the adoption of the

following resolution:

"The Eighteenth World Health Assembly,

Noting'that the population of the areas in the maintenance and

consolidation phases freed from the risk of endemic malaria now amounts to

about 813 millions or 52 per cent. of the population of the originally

malarious areas of the world;

Noting the progress that has been made in pre-eradication programmes

and the stimulus these programmes have given towards the development of a

network of rural health services in the countries concerned;

Appreciating the steps that have been taken to intensify investigations

with a view to determining the means of fully interrupting the transmission of

malaria in problem areas;

Recognizing that as malaria ceases to constitute a serious public health

problem in a country, there is still a need for constant vigilance and for an

awareness of the danger of re-establishment of the disease,

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CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNEX

Page 4

1. URGES governments undertaking pre-eradication programmes to give

priority to the country-wide development of a network of rural health

services to sustain the malaria eradication programme;

2. URGES international agencies and governments providing bilateral

assistance to give priority support to meet the extensive material needs of

such programmes;

3. REQUESTS the Director-General to bring up to date his report on the

financial part of the study of the malaria eradication programme carried out

in accordance with paragraph 4 of resolution WHA16.23,1 for submission to a

future Health Assembly;

4. URGES governments of countries which have reached an advanced stage in

their malaria eradication programmes to take steps to stimulate the

collaboration of all medical and health personnel in vigilance against the

re-establishment of the disease; and

5. URGES governments of countries in malarious areas to take steps to

ensure adequate teaching on both the clinical and public health aspects of

malaria in all schools of medicine and public health.'.

Third, fourth, sixth and seventh meetings, 20, 21 and 22 January 1965

EB35/Min/3, EB35/Min/4, EB35/Min/6 and EB35/Min/7

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CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNEX

Page 5

EIGHTEENTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY WHA18.31

17 May 1965

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

AND FRENCH

REVIEW OF THE FINANCIAL POSITION OF THE ORGANIZATION: FINANCIAL REPORT, 1964 - VOLUNTARY FUND FOR HEALTH

PROMOTION: WORLD HEALTH FOUNDATIONS

Having noted with interest the report regarding the establishment of world

health foundations;

Recognizing the benefits which would result from additional funds becoming

available for international health work;

Aware of the important repercussions of financial problems on the

imple-mentation of health projects;

Believing that the establishment of world health foundations, to be

financed by voluntary contributions from private and other non-governmental

sources, will serve to demonstrate to governments the interest of the people

of their countries in world health;

Considering that such foundations could make an important contribution

towards the furtherance of the fundamental objective of WHO, namely "the

attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health"; and

Believing that it is the responsibility of WHO to arouse and stimulate

at all levels interest in international health work,

1. _{APPRECIATES the actions taken with a view to the establishment of world}

health foundations in several Member countries;

2. _{ENCOURAGES the efforts which are being pursued and which will be}

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CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNEX

Page 6

3. REQUESTS the Director-General to report regularly to the World Health

Assembly on the progress made and work carried out in regard to the

establish-inent and operation of world health foundations.

Tenth plenary meeting, 17 May 1965

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CD16/19 (Eng.)

ANNE Page 7

17 May 1965

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH AND FRENCH

FOURTH GENERAL PROGRAMME OF WORK COVERING A SPECIFIC PERIOD

(1967-1971)

Considering Article 28(g) of the Constitution; and

Noting Resolution EB35.R45,

APPROVES the Fourth General Programme of Work for the Specific

Period 1967-1971 inclusive, as prepared by the Executive Board and

submitted by it at its thirty-fifth session.1

Tenth plenary meeting, 17 May 1965

A18/VR/10

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CD16/19 (Eng.)

ANNEX

Page 8

Thirty-fifth Session EB35.R45

28 January 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

GENERAL PROGRAMME OF WORK COVERING A SPECIFIC PERIOD (Fourth Programme)

Considering Article 28 of the Constitution; and

Having discussed the General Programme of Work for the Specific Period 1967-1971,1

1. CONSIDERS that the Programme as amended provides an adequate broad policy framework for the formulation of annual programmes within that period; and

2. RECOMMENDS it for approval to the Eighteenth World Health Assembly.

First and Fifteenth meetings, 19 and 28 January 1965 EB35/Min/l and EB35/Min/15

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CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNEA

Page 9

17 May 1965

PROGRAMME AND BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR 1966: VOLUNTARY FUND

FOR HEALTH PROMOTION

Considering that the programme planned under the Voluntary Fund for Health

Promotion as set forth in Official Records No. 138, Annex 3, are satisfactory;

Noting that the programmes are complementary to the programmes included in

the regular budget of the Organization,

1. EXPRESSES the hope that more contributions will be made to the Voluntary

Fund for Health Promotion;

2. REQUESTS the Director-General to implement the planned programmes, as

contained in Annex 3 of Official Records No. 138, within the broad concept of

the third general programme of work for a specific period, to the extent that

funds become available through voluntary contributions to the Voluntary Fund for

Health Promotion; and

3. INVITES the Director-General to take such further action as would most

effectively contribute to the development of these programmes.

(12)

CD16/19 (Eng.)

ANNEX

Page 10

Thirty-sixth Session EB36.R17

25 May 1965

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

VOLUNTARY FUND FOR HEALTH PROMOTION

Noting the report of the Director-General on the Voluntary Fund for Health Promotion;1

Appreciating the contributions made to the Fund, for which the Director-General has already expressed the thanks of the Organization to the individual donors; and

Believing that the Voluntary Fund for Health Promotion offers a

unique opportunity to public -ld private sources for supporting international health work in a co-ordinated and rational way,

1. COMMENDS the efforts which have been, or are being, made to establish national world health foundations, the purpose of which is to foster the

fundamental objectives of the World Health Organization;

2. REQUESTS the Director-General to take such further action as would

encourage the establishment and functioning of national world health foundations in various countries;

3. EXPRESSES the hope that contributions to the Voluntary Fund for Health Promotion will be substantially increased; and

4. REQUESTS the Director-General to transmit this resolution, together with

the report which he has submitted to the Executive Board, to the Members of the Organization, calling particular attention to the Executive Board's expression of appreciation of the contributions made.

Third meeting, 25 May 1965

EB36/Min/3

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CD16/19 (Eng ) ANNEX

Page 11

Thirty-fifth Session EB35.R12

21 January 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

PROPOSED PROGRA;MME iND BUDGET ESTIM-TES FOR 1966:

VOLUNTARY FUND FOR HEA'iLTH PROMOTION

Having considered the programmes planned to be financed from the Voluntary Fund for Health Promotion, as shown in Annex 3 of Official Records No. 138;

Noting that these programmes are complementary to the programmes included in the regular budget of the Organization,

RECOMMENDS to the World Health Assembly that it adopt the following resolution:

"The Eighteenth World Health Assembly,

Considering that the programmes planned under the Voluntary Fund for Health Promotion as set forth in Official Records No. 138, Annex 3, are

satisfactory;

Noting that the programmes are complementary to the programmes

included in the regular budget of the Organization,

1. EXPRESSES the hope that more contributions will be made to the Voluntary Fund for Health Promotion;

2. REQUESTS the Director-General to implement the planned programmes, as contained in Annex 3 of Official Records No. 138, within the broad concept of the third general programme of work for a specific period, to

the extent that voluntary funds become available through voluntary

(14)

CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNEX

Page 12

3. INVITES the Director-General to take such a further action as

would most effectively contribute to the development of these

programmes".

Fifth meeting, 21 January 1965

(15)

CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNEX

Page 13

Thirty-fifth Session EB35.Rl9

22 January 1965

ORIGINrAL: FRENCH

VOLUNTARY FUND FOR HEALTH PROMOTION:

REPORT BY THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL

Having considered the report of the Director-General on the Voluntary Fund

for Health Promotion;

Appreciating the contributions made to the Fund;

Noting that the Director-General has already expressed the thanks of the

Organization to the individual donors;

Believing that the Voluntary Fund for Health Promotion offers a unique

opportunity to public and private sources for supporting international health work

in a co-ordinated and rational way,

1. NOTES the report;

2. COMMENTS the Director-General for his manifold efforts to tap potential sources

of support for international health work;

3. WELCOMES the developments in respect of the establishment of national world

health foundations, the purpose of which is to foster the fundamental objectives

of the World Health Organization;

4. REQUESTS the Director-General to take such further action as would encourage

the establishment and functioning of national world health foundations in various

countries;

5. INVITES the Director-General to continue enlarging and strengthening activities

to enlist support for the purposes and policies of the Voluntary Fund for Health

Promotion;

(16)

CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNEX

Page 14

6. EXPRESSES the hope that contributions to the Voluntary Fund for Health

Promotion will be substantially increased; and

7. REQUESTS the Director-General to transmit this resolution, together with

the report which he has submitted to the Executive Board, to the Members of

the Organization, calling particular attention to the Executive Board's

expression of appreciation of the contributions made.

Eighth meeting, 22 January 1965

EB35/Min/8

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CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNm

Page 15

VOLUNTARY XFUND ! R I-:ZAL'f .: ..\..i. '"

[EB35/'39 - 13 Jan. 1965]

REPORT BY TI-E D:.RECTOR-C-LNERAIL

1. lntrodact:...

1.1 In resoiutions EB26.R20 and EB33.R4 the Director-Gcneila! is requested to report to each session of the Boar;. onl (a) the contributions acce .:d for the Voluntary :.: ; for Health Promotion; (b) the financial st::,.: of the Voluntary Fund; and (c) the action purs.ued to publicize the Voluntary Fund and to obtain h'c:eased support for it.

In its res,;i:tion EB34.R17 the Executive Board invited Dircctor-General to take such further-i:z action .2 v.; ould effectively contribute towards obtaining .;-creased support for the Voluntary Fund

for Heal::. .'emotion.

2. C.on....i.:IS Accepted

2.1 The :..:ibutions accepted for the Voluntary-. Fund foe :.ih Promotion for the period 1 May to 31 CD.<.-'.;r 1954 are shown in Appendix 1 to this rep..

3. Fia.neiai Status

3.1 A reliminary statement showing the estimated financial ..:....s of the Voluntary Fund for Health Promo.:- :, ... at 31 December 1964 is given in Appendix 2. he figures in this preliminary statement are subject ;:. cha.nge following the financial year-end accounts .:.,: the review of the External Auditor.

4. Futu':r .. rat'.:ss

4.1 The ooerations which could be carried out in 1965 and 1966 subject to funds-being available in the Special Account for Medical Research, the Special Account 2.;' Community Water Supply, the Malaria Eradicatlc:- Special Account, the Special Account for the Lc,:csy Programme and.the Special Account for the Yaws Programme have been projected by the Director-General. The total estimated obligations for these programmes in 1965 and 1966 compare with the

estimated balances in the respective special accounts as follows:

See resolution EB35.R19.

i .%: .... :,:d

obl, ._.:.hns

pih,::, in 1965 ar.nd

1966

US s

SlpCcill ac'oe:l:l

Special Account for Mcdical Rcscarch Special Accour. for

Comn'Lunity Water Supily . . . . M:alari. E.'.'.,:ion

Spe-cial Accc.,.

Speci.:l cXo..: C l ther

ieprosy £-31:'al';Jn10 .

Sp.cic;. Ac-C, for the Yaws Programme . .

E i :._.:. Estimnatcd

b.:..:i.:, shortfall

31 :)ec.-:-be; 196S

USs us b

4 270 554 590 286 3 680 268

1 367 627 210 766 1 156 861

4 616 045 3 901 181 714 864

1 357 910 1 382 1 356 528

881 !89 6 030 875 159

4.2 As thl policy of the Organization is that only those projects are undertaken for which funds are available -o carry them out to planned completion, considerable additional contributions are required at an early date to allow the planned programmes to be implemented in full.

4.3 Whilz no progra-mmes have been projected under I:I3 Sptecial Account for Smallpox Eradication, the Sec!ial Account for Accelerated Assistance to Newly independent and mc;rging States and the Special Account for Assisl;:cae to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, there continues to be a great need for increased assistance by thel Organization for these purposes. Donations to these special accounts so far have been minimal.

5. Piublicity and Fund-raisi:lg Efforts

5.1 Resolution WHiA17.19 in which the Seventeenth World Health -.1.- smbly, inter alia, expressed the hope that more cc . would make voluntary contribu-w..ies tions to the ':oiuatary Fund for Health Promotion. and the Executive Board's resolution EB34.R17 together with the Dircctor-Gcneral's report on the Voluntary Fund for !-½c...h Promotion to the Board at its thirty-fourth session,- .ave been transmitted to

Members.

(18)

CD16P/9

(Ene.)

ANNeA Page 16

5.2 .½ b:'ochl:: :- orieli describinig the activitics iia~:cecid fi'om t;c Voiuntarvy und las been pDLUb!iSlhcd. A tic he time oi \writing tihis report, over 100 000 co yes of the brochure have been distribute The World Iealr/l issues of July-August, £S .mber and -Novem!ber 1964 carried specific inf:- -eation on the Special Account for Community \.'..cr Supply, the Special Account for Medical Resea:.'- and the Special Account for the Yaws Programme respectively. Press releases were devoted to the Voluntary Fund and the donations made to it. Individual letters giving additional information on the Voluntary Fund for Health Promotion and the way contributions are made to various special accounts, sub-accounts of the Voluntary Fund, have been sent on request.

5.3 Co-operation continued with the promoters of the " Studei;ts' War against Yaws ". The Board will remember ..!at this campaign has been initiated by

high-schoo. ,:ude:nzs in Canada. Thanks to their undiminisheC. efforts the campaign is steadily devel-oping; new :,:omo.io nal activities are at present under way and o;lers arc being planned.

5.4 Z.eso.i: ion VHA17.43 on the smallpox eradi-catio.: programme, in which the Seventeenth World Heaildh Assembly, inter alia, invited countries to con:-ibute to the programmes by making substantial contributions in cash or kind, was transmitted to all Men.bers. InT the letters of transmittal the Director-Ge.:cral also suggested that, should it be possible to ch:ain contributions of laboratory and cold-storage cc.:: mnenl to increase production facilities in the co- :ies or regions where the need for freeze-dried v.;c::.;e e:.ists, this would reduce the requirements c: .":g the latter part of the nineteen-sixties for con-w..; -:ions of the vaccine itself. In addition to the .. ;.al for increased contributions to the Special .- ccount for Smallpox Eradication sent to all Members, individual action was taken in respect of several 'viembers producing freeze-dried vaccine in large quantities, in order to encourage their contributions.

5.5 A number of countries were also approached wi:l a request for specific vaccines to establish a reserve pool that would enable the Organization to increase its direct assistance in future emergencies. Some quantities of anticholera and antipolio vaccines have been pledged and credited to the Special Account for Miscellaneous Designated Contributions.

6. World Health Foundations

6.1 In previous reports on the Voluntary Fund for Health Promotion,1 it was mentioned that some new

1 Off. Rec. Wld HIth Org. 132, Annex 15; 137, Annex 7.

attempts had been mauc Lo fbster the interest of non-govcl'rnmental sources in and encourage their contri-butions to international health work. Studies of thc feasibility of private fund-raising were made in Canada and the United States of America and exploratory work undertaken in Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The investigations conducted showed that:

(a) world health was viewed by business corpora-tions as meriting voluntary support, and various private groups, foundations and the general public were potential sources of support for international health action;

(b) to tap these sources adequate arrangements adapted to the specific conditions of individual countries should be made; those giving voluntary financial support for world health should be assigned a role in the choice of purposes for which their contributions were given;

(c) fund-raising should be carefully planned and organized; once definite action has been started, it should be carried through and the possible diffi-culties which may be encountered should not result in the loss of initial impetus;

(d) from the very outset, efforts to obtain voluntary support should be pursued in several countries; while organized private fund-raising will be under-taken on a national level, the venture should be international in character.

6.2 These findings led to a further conclusion that foundations should be established in individual countries, with the purpose of fostering the funda-mental objective of the World Health Organization. Such institutions should be independent with respect to fund-raising policies and the selection of health programmes and projects to be supported. Each foundation should be a legal entity incorporated according to the laws of the countries in which it is located. The national foundations should also func-tion as part of a whole complex devoted to the improvement of world health. To achieve the desired unity and cohesion, a federation of world health foundations should be envisaged.

6.3 Following these conclusions, the creation of national health foundations in three countries has been actively pursued. These institutions are being created as private law foundations, incorporated

under the laws of the countries concerned and, as

such, it is hoped that they will be granted a

(19)

organi-CD16/19 (Bag.)

Page 17

zations, in \\hich calegory the proposed foundations

i: l, are subject to tihe consent of the governmentsr conlccrneed, tlh;c overnments of the three countries have been approached to this end.

6.5 The foundation in one country was incorpc ii on 1 Septemnber 1964, consequent upon apprc,... cy the government concerned of the conclusion c. co-operative arrangements between WHO and the founda-tion. These arrangements provide, inter alia, for permission to be granted by WHO to the foundations to use the words " World '-ealth " in their title.'

6.6 In the two other countries, the articles of associa-tion of the two foundaassocia-tions have been drafted and government approval sought. The two proposals are receiving the scrutiny oi the various national autho-rities invoved and it is hoped that it will be possible to incorporate these foundations in the near future.

6.7 The establishment of world health foundations in other countries is envisaged. At such time as the foundations in two or more countries have begun to operate, it is envisaged that they would associate :.em:selves together in a federation of world health foundations for purposes of mutual consultation and co-operation between themselves and with WHO.

7. -utu;e Action

7.1 The Director-General expects to continue to take such action as lie believes would most effectively develop non-governmental financial support for health activities, by pursuing actively the work already undertaken and by undertaking new initiatives, such as the development of plans for fund-raising directed towards establishment of endowment. He would welcome any additional guidance that the Board may wish to give him.

Aopendix I

STATEMENT OF CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE VOLUNTARY FUND FOR HEALTH PROMOTION 2LEDGED AND,'OR RECEIVED DURING THE PERIOD 1 MAY TO 31 DECEMBER 1964

Eq:ivalent in US dollars

Malaria Eradication Special Account

Germany, Federal Republic of ... India . ...

Lebanon. Morocco . Nigeria .

Philippine ...

Tunisia.

Upper Vola. ...

Miscellancous contributions ...

General Account for Undesignated Contributions

Miscellaneous contributions ...

Special Account for Smallpox Eradication

Jordan (in kind) . ... Madagascar (in kind) ... Switzerland (in kind) ...

Special Account Jbr Medical Research Specified Activities

National Insti-utes of Health, United States of America, grants in respect of: Bilharziasis research, 1963-64 and 1964-65 ...

Insecticide resistance and vector control, 1963-64 and 1964-65 ...

Virus diseases, immunological surveys, vaccine studies, 1964 . . . . Hypovitaminosis A - xerophthalmia and keratomalacia, 1964-65 ...

Swedish National Association against Heart and Chest Diseases (fellowships for 1964 and 1965) ...

'For the use of the emblem, name and initials of WHO, see resoluti-. WHAI.133 (Handbook of Resolutions and Decisions,

7th ed., p. 258).

* Contributions in kind held at the disposal of the Organi-zation; these can be called forward when required.

a Pledged but no; received as at 31 December 1964.

b Of which S58 660 pledged but not received as at 31 December 1964.

c Of which S9330 pledged but not received as at 31 December 1964.

d Of which S14 498 pledged but not received as at 31 December 1964.

28 125 21 000 a

1 631 3 000 8 512

5 000 2 015 2 039 1 219

1 089

84 010 * b

5 102 * a 23 148 * e

(20)

CMyioll

Special Acceolrot for .Vi;sc:!alu:oos Desi;gnated Contrilbtios

Indias (colra vc;ne). ...

Various abortoris, United ingdom (poio vaccir ... isllneous contributions aid in medica eduation)...

Special Accoualt for tle Yawus Progra me...

"Students' War against Yaws" Campaign, Canaca ... Miscellaneous contributions...

* Contributions in kind held at the disposal of the O;ganization; these can be called forward when: reqsuired. Pledged but not received as at 31 December 1964.

CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNEX

Page 18

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(21)

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(22)

ONM'I lit. IOI(INS 11. FCII\TI (co11iltio'd)

Nalional Institlulc of I ealth, United States of

Am cric a . . . .. . . . ...

Intletnaitional Ulnionl fori.Child \\'elfar c (selrvices

of a te of f r mll Ibels) . . . . G(eCrlanl Rdct Ciross in EIasteIrn CGerImaIny (in

kind). ... . 4 667

Sw\edish Natiotnal Association agailnst H-learl

anld Cllest Discases (fcllo\'ships).

Miselnolls., 4 772

liscci i lo ctils . . . .

Sub-tot;l 8S49 288

(' .'

Istinmlted 196.1 oliligations . .. . . . . 4 107

. .

elI 1

(ONlI Rt .llU 'J,.; PI II Gli.il)

AfghanLisLtall . . . .

Inldia (inchiLding Ih 1lcl' i N;lcin.) .

Israel (fello\wshijp) . . . .

h\'oy Coast

Jordl an . . . .

Mada(1tg;scl . .

Pakis;an (fellowships and supplics)

Switzcrland l. ..

Unitcd States of Amclica ....

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activities ti t ing Stats tclg

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36

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i

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~-C

I

i

t'

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1 ):iju lg;idll SI. lals II thr \tt, v ll, lLd, ' , I ll i! fol I., ;,,

! '

(23)

CD16A9

(Ens.)

Page 21

19 May 1965

ORGANIZATIONAL STUDY OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD: METHODS OF PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF PROJECTS

Having studied the report of the Executive Board on its organizational study "Methods of planning and execution of projects";1

Noting that the study covers mainly the period of planning and initial

implementation of projects and that the study is confined to their administrative and managerial aspects; and

Considering that the study was carried out on the basis of a broad sample of projects,

1. EMPHASIZES the importance of the Organization's playing an active role in the development of requests for projects and in their planning;

2. NOTES the major causes of delays in starting projects and the measures taken by the Director-General for reducing such of the delays as are within the control of the Organization; and

3. CALLS attention to the relationship between the effectiveness of the Organization's assistance and the readiness of governments to carry out their share of the responsibility for WHO-assisted projects, including the provision of adequate supporting staff and work facilities.

Eleventh plenary meeting, 19 May 1965

A18/VR/11

(24)

CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNEX

Page 22

19 May 1965

SMALLPOX ERADICATION PROGRAMME

Having examined the report of the Director-General on the present status

of smallpox in the world, and the results achieved;

Noting with concern that, though some recently endemic countries have

eradicated the disease as a result of well-organized campaigns, progress in

general is slow and major endemic foci remain in Asia, Africa and the Americas;

Noting that the Director-General has estimated that smallpox might be

eradicated within 10 years for an estimated international expenditure of

US$ 23.5-31.0 million in addition to the provision which the countries having

endemic smallpox themselves can make;

Believing that strong reaffirmation of the intent to eradicate smallpox

would present a challenge and a stimulus to the world to mobilize resources to

achieve the objective, and that the support required is available within the

international and national programmes devoted to world social and economic

development; and

Recognizing the need to review the technical and administrative

requirements of programmes, to ensure the extensive use of freeze-dried vaccine

and the development of its production in endemic areas and to provide annually

for the mass phase of the campaign up to 50 million doses of freeze-dried vaccine

in addition to supplies locally produced or already being provided in bilateral

agreements, or through voluntary contributions,

(25)

CD16/19 (Eng.)

ANNE

Page 23

1. DECLARES the world-wide eradication of smallpox to be one of the major

objectives of the Organization;

2. REQUESTS the countries having smallpox and without eradication programmes:''

to initiate them and the countries with programmes to intensify them;

3. REQUESTS Member States to give the programme greater support than in the

past and to provide the substantial contributions essential for its execution;

4. REQUESTS governments which carry on bilateral programmes of aid to include

smallpox eradication in their programmes of assistance;

5. REQUESTS governments to take early steps to establish basic health

services for the maintenance phase which would also serve the eradication of

other conmunicable diseases;

6. REQUESTS the Direotor-General to seek anew the necessary financial and

other resources required to achieve world-wide smallpox eradication with

special reference to resources that might be made available through voluntary

contributions.and bilateral programmes, as well as through programmes such as

those of UNICEF and the United Nations Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance; and

7. REQUESTS the Director-General to make available the increased amount of

technical guidance and advisory services in order to accelerate the programme

as well

as

to assist the countries in obtaining the necessary vaccine, transport

and other equipment, and to report on the progress achieved to future sessions

of the.World Health Assembly.

Eleventh plenary meeting, 19 May 1965

(26)

CDl6/19 (Eng.)

Page

24

EIGHTEENTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY WHAl8.48

20 May 1965

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

AND FRENCH

AMENDMENTS TO ARTICLE 7 OF THE CONSTITUTION

Considering the proposal made by the Government of the Ivory Coast for the amendment of Article 7 of the Constitution; and

Noting that the provision of Article 73 of the Constitution, which requires that the texts of proposed amendments to the Constitution shall be communicated to Members at least six months before consideration by

the Health Assembly, has been duly complied with, I

1. ADOPTS the amendments to the Constitution set forth in the Annexes

to this resolution, and which shall form an integral part of this resolution, the texts in the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish languages

being equally authentic;

2. DECIDES that two copies of this resolution shall be authenticated by the signatures of the President of the Eighteenth World Health Assembly, and the Director-General of the World Health Organization, of which one copy shall be transmitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, depositary of the Constitution, and one copy retained in the archives of the World Health Organization;

II

Considering that the aforesaid amendments to the Constitution shall oome into force for all Members when aocepted by two-thirds of the Members in accordance with their respective constitutional processes, as provided

(27)

CD16/19 (Eng.)

ANNE(

Page 25

DECIDES that the notification of such acceptance shall be effected by

the deposit of a formal instrument with the Secretary-General of the United

Nations, as required for acceptance of the Constitution by Article 79(b) of

the Constitution..

(28)

CD16/19 (Eng.) ANNEX

Page 26

WHA18.48

ENGLISH TEXT ANNEX B

Article 7 - Delete and replace by

Article 7

(a) If a Member fails to meet its financial obligations to the Organization or in any other exceptional circumstances, the Health Assembly may, on such conditions as it thinks proper, suspend the voting privileges and services to which a Member is entitled. The Health Assembly shall have the authority to restore such voting privileges and services.

(b) If a Member ignores the humanitarian principles and the objectives laid down in the Constitution, by deliberately practising a policy of racial discrimination, the Health Assembly may suspend it or exclude it from the World Health Organization.

(29)

regional committee

PAN AMERICAN

HEALTH

ORGANIZATION

WORLD

HEALTH

ORGANIZATION

XVI Meeting

Washington, Do Co September-October 1965

XVII Meeting

CD16/19 (Eng.) ADDENDUM

20 August 1965

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH-SPANISH

RESOLUTIONS OF THE MHO EXECUTIVE BOARD AND THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY OF

INTEREST TO THE REGIONAL COMMITTEE

Resolution WHA.18o49

Enclosure

(30)

CDl6/19 (Eng.) ADDENDUM

21 May 1965

PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES IN THE HEALTH ASPECTS OF WORLD POPULATION WHICH MIGHT BE DEVELOPED BY WHO

Having considered the report of the Director-General on Programme

Activities in the Health Aspects of World Population which might be

developed by WHO, 1

Bearing in mind Article 2 (f) of the Constitution which reads: "to

promote maternal and child health and welfare and to foster the ability to

live harmoniously in a changing total environment";

Noting resolution 1048 (XXXVII) adopted by the Economic and Social

Council at its thirty-.seventh session, August 1964;

Believing that demographic problems require the consideration of

economic, social, cultural, psychological and health factors in their

proper perspective;

Noting that the United Nations Population Commission at its thirteenth

session, April 1965, attached high priority to the research and other

activities in the field of fertility;

Considering that the changes in the size and structure of the population

have repercussions on health conditions;

Recognizing that problems of human reproduction involve the family unit

as well as society as a whole, and that the size of the family should be the

free choice of each individual family;

(31)

CD16/19

(Eng.)

ADDENDUM

Page 2

Bearing in mind that it is a matter for national administrations to

decide whether and to what extent they should support the provision of

information and services to their people on the health aspects of human

reproduction;

Accepting that it is not the responsibility of WHO to endorse or

pro-mote any particular population policy; and

Noting that the scientific knowledge with regard to the biology of

human reproduction and the medical aspects of fertility control is

insufficient,

1. APPROVES the report of the Director-General on Programme Activities

in the Health Aspects of World Population which might be developed by WHO;1

2. REQUESTS the Director-General to develop further the programme proposed:

(a) in.the fields of reference services, studies on medical aspects

of sterility and fertility control methods and health aspects of

population dynamics; and.

(b) in the. field of advisory 'services as outlined in Part III,

paragraph 3, of his report, on the understanding that such services

are related, within the responsibilities of WHO, to..technical advice

on the health aspects of human reproduction and should not involve

operational activities; and

3. REQUESTS the Director-General to report to the Nineteenth World Health

Assembly on the programme of WHO in the field of human reproduction.

Thirteenth plenary meeting, 21 May 1965

A18/VR/13

(32)

regional committee

PAN AMERICAN

HEALTH

ORGANIZATION

XVI Meeting

WORLD

HEALTH

ORGANIZATION

XVII Meeting Washington, Do Co

September-October 1965

Provisional Agenda Item 24 CD16/19 (Eng.) ADDENDUM I-ANNEX 16 September 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

RESOLUTIONS OF THE WHO EXECUTIVE BOARD AND THE WORLD HEALTH

ASSEMBLY OF INTEREST TO THE REGIONAL COMMITTEE

Document A18/P&B/4, Annex to Resolution WHA18.49

Enclosure

(33)

WORLD HEALTH

ORGANISATION MONDIAL'

ORGANIZATION

DE LA SANT!

EIGHTEENTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY _{A18/P&B/ 4}

27 April 1965 Provisional agenda item 2.12

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

DECISIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS, THE SPECIALIZED AGENCIES AND THE

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY AFFECTING WHO'S ACTIVITIES (PROGRAMME MATTERS)

PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES IN THE HEALTH ASPECTS OF WORLD POPULATION WHICH MIGHT BE DEVELOPED BY WHO

Report by the Director-General

At its thirty-fifth session the Executive Board in considering the decisions

of the United Nations, specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy

Agency affecting WHO activities (Programme Matters), took note of the fact that in

1965 the Second World Population Conference would be held under the auspices of the

United Nations and co-sponsored by a nlulmber of speialized agencies incliuding the

World Health Organization and taking into account Resolution 1048 (XXXVII) of the

Economic and Social Council, the text of which is attached for convenience at

Annex "A", requested the Director-General in its Resolution EB35.R31 to report to

the Eighteenth World Health Assembly on those programme activities in the health

aspects of world population which might be developed by WHO.

The Director-General accordingly has the honour to submit the following report.

PART I

INTRODUCTION

The World Health Organization has, during the last few years, been giving increased

attention to the subject of human reproduction. At the invitation of the International

Fertility Association, a non-governmental organization in official relations with WHO,

the Director-General presented a statement on research in human reproduction at the

IVth World Congress on Fertility and Sterility held in Rio de Janeiro in August 1962.

In this statement he emphasized in particular that the biology of certain aspects of

human reproduction had not been as th6roughly studied and was not as well understood as

other aspects of medical science. Clearly, the importance of many medical, biological,

social, cultural and economic factors in human reproduction made it a major public

health problem.

(34)

Alb/P&B/ 4 page 2

WHO cmnvened a Scientific Group on the Biology of Human Reproduction in Geneva

in April 1963 for the purpose of examining the present state of knowledge and gaps. in

this field and of advising the Organization on developments and on major research needs

in connexion with which W'HO c ed b Se of assistance. As will be seen from its report

published in 1964 , the Scientific Group discussed comparative aspects of the biology

of reproduction, neuro-endocrine aspects of reproduction, biology of the gonads and

gametes, fertilization and gestation, biochemistry of the sex steriods and the

immunological and pharmacological aspects of reproduction. Having made this wide

survey of the subject and naving considered areas in which knowledge, facilities or

support were at present inadequate, the Scientific Group made the following

recommendations:

"t(a) that WHO assist in the development of fundamental knowledge

of the biology of human reproduction and of other fields on which that knowledge is based;

(b) that WHO convene meetings of appropriate specialist groups

to consider practical methods of implementing the following proposals, which are not arranged in any particular order.

1. Organization of surveys of:

environmental and ethnic variation in human reproductive function; human fertility in relation to blood groups and other immunological.

factors.

2. Provision of services:

the organization of a world-wide collection of human pituitary glands;

the establishment of a centre for the provision of labelled steroids, polypeptides, nucleotides; and special amino acids;

the establishment of an information centre on steriods and polypeptides:

the establishment of an information centre on human cell lines;

the establishment of an information and supply centre for new and existing laboratory animals.

(35)

A18/P&B/4

page 3

3. Promotion of research on:

the effects of labour on the human foetus;

neuroendocrinology, including the effects of psychological

factors, normal and abnormal, on human reproduction;

protein biosynthesis in prenatal development;

the intermediate metabolism of the foetus, especially.in the control and development of function;

the physiology of the gametes, especially in vitro;

the mechanism of action of sex hormones and analogous substances,

especially that of orally active progestogens;

the physiology of lactation, including galactopoiesis;

the biochemistry and microbiology of the female genital tract, with special reference to implantation and feedback;

the biochemical aspects of spermatogenesis."'

At its fifth session in June 1963 the Advisory Committee on Medical Research

(ACMR) fully endorsed the recommendations contained in this report quoted above and

suggested that priority be given to certain of the proposals. In 1964 a contribution

of $ 500 000 from the United States of America to the Special Account for Medical

Research for research in human reproduction made it possible to implement the programme.

The Seventeenth.World Health Assembly, meeting in March 1964, had before it the

Director-General's report on "The Medical Research Programme of the World Health

Organization, 1958-1963" which included on pages 219-222 inclusive references to

research in human reproduction (attached for convenience as Annex "B" to this document).

In its Resolution WHA17.361 the Health Assembly noted with appreciation the volume and

quality of work accomplished under this programme, expressed its satisfaction with the

way the programme was being conducted. and requested the Director-General; keeping in

mind the discussions that took place during the Seventeenth World Health Assembly, to

continue to promote research in the fields of major public health importance.

(36)

A18/P&i3/ 4

page 4

Thus, with the advice and guidance of the Scientific Group on the Biology of

Human Reproduction, the Advisory Committee on Medical Research and the World Health

Assembly, a programme of research on human reproduction was developed.

PART II

PROGRAMME UP TO AND INCLUDING 1965

1. SCIENTIFIC GROUPS ON RESEARCH ON THE BIOLOGY OF HUMAN REPRODUCTION

To date, Scientific Groups have been held on the following subjects:

(a) Biology of Human Reproduction (2-8 April 1963)

Recommendations contained in the report of this initial Scientific Group

have been dealt with fully in PART I above.

(b) The Physiology of Lactation (2-7 December 1963)

The report2 of this Scientific Group was presented to the ACMR at its sixth

session in June 1964. The ACMR endorsed the recommendationsin it and

suggested that particular emphasis be placed on certain of them. One of the

more widely significant recommendations of the Group was "that WHO encourage

studies on human lactation in relation to mal- and under-nutrition in

developing countries. Such studies should include field studies of

breast-feeding patterns in different socio-economic groups, metabolic and endocrinological

studies of under-nouriehed nursing mothers and investigation of the nutritional

requirements of the nursing mother." The Scientific Group recognized that studies

on these lines were already under way in some developing countries and recommended

that these should receive support and encouragement from WHO.

(c) The Effects of Labour on the Foetus and the Newborn (12-18 May 1964)

The report3 of this Scientific Group will be presented to the ACMR at its

seventh session in June this year. Important among the recommendations made

in it are those which have to do with oxygen consumption of the brain as a whole

1

Wld Hlth Org. techn.Rep. Ser., 1964, 280.

2 Wld Hlth Org. techn.Rep. Ser., 1965, 305.

(37)

A18/ P&B/ 4 page 5

and of its several component parts. The importance of this becomes obvious

in view of those conditions of long and involved labour and the tendency of

these conditions to produce a state of foetal anoxia. Of great importance

will be knowledge of recovery mechanisms of neurones following a state of

asphyxia.

(d) Neuroendocrinology and Reproduction in the Human (8-14 September 1964)

The report of this Scientific Group will also be presented to the ACMR at

its seventh session in June this year. Of practical and current interest

is one particular recommendation of this report which states that WHO should

consider the collecting of clinical data relating to the development of

disorders of sexual structure and function as early or late consequences of

drug treatment during gestation or childhood. A further suggestion relates

to the collection of information concerning reproductive and hormonal disorders

associated with central nervous system lesions in men and women. These

suggestions can be implemented in time and, if findings are judged to be

significant, they will be widely disseminated.

(e) Mechanism of Action of 'Sex Hormones and Analogous Substances,

Especially the Orally Active Progestogens (8-14 December 1964)

The report of this Scientific Group will also be considered by the ACMR

at its seventh session in June this year. This Scientific Group, like others,

urged support for the training of scientists of especially the developing

countries in their own educational and research institutions. A specific

recommendation of great potential importance suggests the convening of a

group of specialists for the purpose of recommending dose-range for clinical

use of active materials in problems of reproduction and fertility. This group

of specialists is expected to meet during the summer of 1965. (See also 4(a) below).

Wld Hlth Org. techn. Rep. Ser., 1965, 304

2

(38)

A18/P&B/4

page 6

(f) The Biochemistry and Microbiology of the Female and Male Genital

Tracts (20-26 April 1965)

The revert Df this Scientific Group, not yet available in print, will also

be before the ACMlR at its seventh session in June. The Scientific Group gave

extensive consideration to the conditions necessary for implantation and

i.:,:~sed ccnditions that obtain in the uterus when an intrauterine device

is r'resent, i.c. enzymes and motility. ..Among other things, the Scientific

Group recommended that WHO urge additional study on uterine physiology

in the presence of an inert foreign body.

Two Scientific Groups are scheduled to meet towards the end of the year to

consider the following subjects:

(a) Immunological Aspects of Human Reproduction (4-9 October 1965)

There are many asp2ctos of immunology that relate to reproduction. Experimental

animals can be immunized against the several component parts of semen, the

several peptide hormones and some of the steroids. Some findings point to a

peptide inhibiting substance which is secreted in -the urine of pregnant women.

Recommendations of this Scientific Group are expected to concern immunology as

it may relate to fertility, sterility and as a method of controlling fertility

and treating sterility.

(b) -The Chemistry and Physiology of the Gametes (2-8 November 1965)

This Scientific Group will consider the chemical and functional compatibility

of the gametes for the formation of a zygote. As in other meetings consideration

will be given to those factors which enter into problems of fertility and

sterility.

A group of temporary advisers will meet in mid-summer 1965 to consider the

priority to be given to and means of implementing recommendations made by the

(39)

A18/P&B/4

page 7

2. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE ETHNIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATIONS IN HUMAN

REPRODUCTION AND CRITICAL REVIEW THEREOF

A bibliography of world literature dealing with ethnic and geographic variations

in human reproduction is in preparation. This work which has been contracted out is

expected to be completed early in 1966.

In addition a critical review of the available literature on this subject is

being undertaken by an expert under contract. It is expected that this review will

be completed approximately six months after the bibliography.

3. SERVICE TO RESEARCH

(a) Establishment of Collections of Human Pituitaries

The establishment of collections of human pituitaries to assist research

workers throughout the world has been embarked upon. A contract has been

signed with a commercial biological supply house for the preparation of several

hormones from human pituitaries. The co-operation of several Member States is

being sought in the collection of post-mortem human pituitaries. It is however

impossible at this stage to estimate the progress of this project.

(b) Information Centre on Sterinds and Polypeptides

A group of advisers has given consideration to the advisability of establishing

an information centre on steroids and polypeptides. The study is continuing

but it is too soon yet to predict the outcome.

(c) Information Centre on Human Cell Lines

The establishment of an information centre on human cell lines has been

considered. However, it was decided that, though of theoretical interest,

it has little or no possibility of practical achievement.

(d) Inventory of Research Institutions and Research Scientists Working

on Human Reproduction

Work will shortly be beginning on an inventory of scientists and institutions

(40)

A18/P&B/4' page 8

4. STUDIES

(a) Evaluation of Available Data on Safety of Orally Active Gestogens and their Dose-Range.

As already mentioned in l(e) above, a meeting of.experts will be convened shortly to evaluate the safety of orally active gestogens and the dose-range which is most effective clinically. A good deal of data has already been assembled at Headquarters for internal use which relates to abortion rates in many countries, the administration of orally active gestogens for fertility control and the use of several common contraceptives.

(b) Information and Supply Centre for New and Existing Laboratory Animals A group of advisers met in London towards the end of'1964-to'consider the' possible establishment of an information and supply centre for new and existing -laboratory animals. To this same end the Organization also gave financial

support to a symposium on Comparative Aspects of Reproduction which met in London. Subseqduent to these activities discussions were held with the

Wellcome Research Laboratories (located at the London Zoo) and it is'anticipated that a contract will soon be signed relative to specific studies on, for example,

an animal with delayed implantation (the stoat); an animal with delayed

fertilization (the fruit bat); and an animal with an unusually long gestation period (the acouchi). In addition observations will be made on other animals living in the zoo in an effort to determine their suitability, if any, for a more concentrated study.

(c) Health Aspects of Population Dynamics

In an attempt to arrive at a clear position regarding the health aspects of population dynamics, three specialists are preparing for the Director-General papers on the following subjects:

(i) Medical and Social Factors of Fertility;

(ii) Future Mortality and Fertility Trends and their Effect on Population Change;

(41)

A18/P&B/ 4

page 9

The Director-General intends to submit these papers to the Advisory

Committee on Medical Research for consideration at its forthcoming seventh

session. Clear agreement has already been reached that any activity

undertaken by WHO in population dynamics shoul.d be done on a functional

juxLtaposition to those existing and anticipated activities in the biology

of human reproduction.

5. RESEARCH GRANTS TO INDIVIDUAL INVESTIGATORS

PA.plications for grants for research are being received in small but increasing

numbers. They include requests for studies on genital tract physiology,

neuro-endocrine mechanisms in reproduction physiology, and the influence of the uterus in

labour on the foetus,

6. RESEARCH TRAINING AND EXCHANGE OF RESEARCH WORKERS GRANTS

Increasing numbers of applications to assist research workers to gain experience

by working under senior scientists abroad and to enable experienced workers to discuss

their investigations and problems with others abroad, are being received. Several

Scientific Groups have advised that it is often more logical and more effective to train

the personnel of a given medical centre by a consecutive series of visiting staff

rather than by sending one or two of them to study in well-known laboratories. This

is particularly true in certain specific conditions and it is proposed to follow this

plan when the opportunity arises.

Awards have been made for research training in the biology of human reproduction,

thrombo-embolic and haemorrhagic problems in obstetrics and the health of the foetus

and mother during labour. Applications have been received for training in the

patho-physiology of the new-born, ovum implantation during lactation, steroid metabolism in

the placenta and ovary, transplacental gas exchange, human pituitary secretion

fractionation, genital tract physiology and neuro-endocrine mechanisms in reproduction

(42)

A 18/P&3/r

page 10

7. EXPERT ADVISORY PANEL ON BIOLOGY OF HUMAN REPRODUCTION

In 1964 an Expert Advisory Panel on the Biology of Human Reproduction was

established. This panel now has a membership of 16 scientists representing

a broad spectrum of specialties related to reproduction. The range of their combined

knowledge covers gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, steroid physiology,

functional sterility, intra-uterine life and labour and gynaecology.

PART III

FUTURE PROGRAMME

1. REFERENCE SERVICES

Documentation Centre for Biomedical Literature on All Aspects of Human Reproduction

In addition to the sources of reference mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 3

of PART II above, there should be a source of biomedical literature on all aspects

of human reproduction. WHO will therefore set about establishing and keeping up

to date a documentation centre from which extracts and copies - microfilmed or

otherwise - of all such literature will be made available upon request.

2. STUDIES

(a) Medical Aspects of Sterility and its Relief

Sterility can be born of many things, several of which are of a medical nature

and thereby fall properly within the scope of WHO's activities. Causative factors

such as for example disease, steroid imbalance, peptide hormone imbalance, aspermia

and azoospermia and their possible control will be the subject of study by a group of

experts. _{The results of their findings will enable WHO to become more active in any}

problem of human sterility.

(b) Medical Aspects of Fertility Control Methods

Fertility, as has l!ng been kncwn, can be controlled in such a fashion as

either to increase or to decrease the numbers of any population. Control of fertility

in man is rapidly becoming of world interest and involves problems of both physical