Comparing YieldSAFE and CABALA, two process-based models with
contrasting parameter requirements
23
rd
August 2010
Seoul, South Korea
Palma JHN
1
, Bruce J
2
, Almeida A
2
, Battaglia M
2
Palma JHN
1
, Bruce J
2
, Almeida A
2
, Battaglia M
2
1
ForChange – Forest Ecosystem Management under Global Change
Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
2
Forest Ecosystem Resources
Sustainable Ecosystems, CSIRO, Hobart, TAS, Australia
CABALA
YieldSAFE
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Parameters
(and initial conditions)
102
11 (tree) + 13 (crop)
State variables
37 (+6)
22
Simulation time (10 years)
(CPU @ 2.4 GHz)
26 sec
2 sec
Implementation
VB.net
MSExcel
reference
Battaglia et al 2004, For
Ecol Man 193, 251-282
Van der Werf et al 2007,
Ecol Eng 29 (4) 419-433
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Error processing
A GOOD model can only give GOOD results if GOOD input data is supplied
T
o
ta
l
e
rr
o
r
/
v
a
ri
a
b
il
it
y
upscaling
Complexity of model
T
o
ta
l
e
rr
o
r
/
v
a
ri
a
b
il
it
y
Error input data
Optimum model
complexity
upscaling
CABALA
YieldSAFE
YieldSAFE : usage of available data
Schaap, M. G. and F. J. Leij (1998). "Database-related accuracy and
uncertainty of pedotransfer functions." Soil Science 163(10): 765-779.
Cited
US 12 classes
parameters for Mualem van Genuchten function
uncertainty of pedotransfer functions." Soil Science 163(10): 765-779.
Cited
109 times
Wösten, J., A. Lilly, et al. (1999). "Development and use of a database of
hydraulic properties of European soils." Geoderma 90: 169-185.
Cited 153 times
EU – FAO 5 classes
parameters for Mualem van Genuchten function
YieldSAFE : an agroforestry model
Light
Water
tree
Can work as:
Forest Monoculture
Crop monoculture
Agroforestry system
crop
YieldSAFE Calibration Process
Potential Yield
yield site with water table
Cabala run for BEST
MODELED DATA
OBSERVED DATA
Actual Yield
(water reduced)
Northcliffe
Mumbalup
Manjimup
Darkan
Best
Biomass, Volume, LAI, AW
Biomass, Volume, LAI, AW
Biomass, Volume, LAI, AW
Biomass, Volume, LAI, AW
Compare models
NE Victoria
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Potential Yield
Fitted parameters for potential yield.
25
30
Tree Height YieldSAFE (m)
Tree Height Cabala (m)
25
30
250
300
350
Biomass YieldSAFE (t/ha)
Biomass Cabala (t/ha)
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
DBH YieldSAFE (cm)
DBH Cabala (cm)
50
60
70
BA YieldSAFE (m2/ha)
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
400
450
500
VOL YieldSAFE (m3/ha)
VOL Cabala (m3/ha)
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Biomass Cabala (t/ha)
6
7
8
Next Step: Below ground dynamics for water reduced growth. Problems expected…
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
VOL Cabala (m3/ha)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
LAI YieldSAFE
LAI Cabala
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Improving simulations…
Quick look at VPD
The higher the VPD,
The higher the transpiration rate
Vapour Pressure Deficit
(9 Years average - approx)
The higher the transpiration rate
Adjust site transpiration rate
γ
t
(water needed to produce biomass)
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
Northcliff
manjimup Mumbalup
Darkan
NEVic
VPD
VPD
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Actual Yield
Mumbalup
γ
Before
t
= 0.0003
20
25
Tree Height YieldSAFE (m)
Tree Height Cabala (m)
Potential Yield
H cabala function on YS Biomass
25
30
DBH YieldSAFE (cm)
DBH Cabala (cm)
Potential Yield
300
350
Biomass YieldSAFE (t/ha)
Biomass Cabala (t/ha)
Potential Yield
SoilDepth(mm)1500
Soil Texture
US-ClayLoam
Density
1250
H
Dbh
W
0
5
10
15
20
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
days
H cabala function on YS Biomass
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
days
50
60
70
BA YieldSAFE (m2/ha)
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
Potential Yield
350
400
450
500
VOL YieldSAFE (m3/ha)
VOL Cabala (m3/ha)
Potential Yield
Observed: Mummbalup
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Potential Yield
S=25
Observed: Mummbalup
5
6
7
LAI YieldSAFE
LAI Cabala
Potential Yield
Observed: Mummbalup
Observed data
CABALA
YieldSAFE
YieldSAFE Potential
Ba
V
LAI
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
3
6
4
1
days
Potential Yield
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Observed: Mummbalup
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Actual Yield
Mumbalup
γ
After
t
= 0.0004
20
25
Tree Height YieldSAFE (m)
Tree Height Cabala (m)
Potential Yield
H cabala function on YS Biomass
25
30
DBH YieldSAFE (cm)
DBH Cabala (cm)
Potential Yield
300
350
Biomass YieldSAFE (t/ha)
Biomass Cabala (t/ha)
Potential Yield
SoilDepth(mm)1500
Soil Texture
US-ClayLoam
Density
1250
H
Dbh
W
0
5
10
15
20
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
days
H cabala function on YS Biomass
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
days
50
60
70
BA YieldSAFE (m2/ha)
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
Potential Yield
350
400
450
500
VOL YieldSAFE (m3/ha)
VOL Cabala (m3/ha)
Potential Yield
Observed: Mummbalup
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Potential Yield
S=25
Observed: Mummbalup
5
6
7
LAI YieldSAFE
LAI Cabala
Potential Yield
Observed: Mummbalup
Observed data
CABALA
YieldSAFE
YieldSAFE Potential
Ba
V
LAI
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
3
6
4
1
days
Potential Yield
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Observed: Mummbalup
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Actual Yield
Darkan
γ
Before
t
= 0.0003
SoilDepth(mm)3000
Soil Texture
US-LoamySand
Density
430
20
25
Tree Height YieldSAFE (m)
Tree Height Cabala (m)
Potential Yield
H cabala function on YS Biomass
25
30
DBH YieldSAFE (cm)
DBH Cabala (cm)
Potential Yield
300
350
Biomass YieldSAFE (t/ha)
Biomass Cabala (t/ha)
Potential Yield
H
Dbh
W
0
5
10
15
20
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
days
H cabala function on YS Biomass
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
days
50
60
70
BA YieldSAFE (m2/ha)
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
Potential Yield
350
400
450
500
VOL YieldSAFE (m3/ha)
VOL Cabala (m3/ha)
Potential Yield
Observed: Darkan 84
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Potential Yield
S=25
Observed: Darkan 84
5
6
7
LAI YieldSAFE
LAI Cabala
Potential Yield
Observed: Darkan 84
Observed data
CABALA
YieldSAFE
YieldSAFE Potential
Ba
V
LAI
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
3
6
4
1
days
Potential Yield
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Observed: Darkan 84
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Actual Yield
Darkan
γ
After
t
= 0.0004
SoilDepth(mm)3000
Soil Texture
US-LoamySand
Density
430
20
25
Tree Height YieldSAFE (m)
Tree Height Cabala (m)
Potential Yield
H cabala function on YS Biomass
25
30
DBH YieldSAFE (cm)
DBH Cabala (cm)
Potential Yield
300
350
Biomass YieldSAFE (t/ha)
Biomass Cabala (t/ha)
Potential Yield
H
Dbh
W
0
5
10
15
20
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
days
H cabala function on YS Biomass
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
days
50
60
70
BA YieldSAFE (m2/ha)
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
Potential Yield
350
400
450
500
VOL YieldSAFE (m3/ha)
VOL Cabala (m3/ha)
Potential Yield
Observed: Darkan 84
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Potential Yield
S=25
Observed: Darkan 84
5
6
7
LAI YieldSAFE
LAI Cabala
Potential Yield
Observed: Darkan 84
Observed data
CABALA
YieldSAFE
YieldSAFE Potential
Ba
V
LAI
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
3
6
4
1
days
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
Potential Yield
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Observed: Darkan 84
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Actual Yield
NE Vic
γ
Before
t
= 0.0003
SoilDepth(mm)
220
Soil Texture
US-siltyClLoam
Density
1020
20
25
Tree Height YieldSAFE (m)
Tree Height Cabala (m)
Potential Yield
H cabala function on YS Biomass
25
30
DBH YieldSAFE (cm)
DBH Cabala (cm)
Potential Yield
300
350
Biomass YieldSAFE (t/ha)
Biomass Cabala (t/ha)
Potential Yield
H
Dbh
W
0
5
10
15
20
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
days
H cabala function on YS Biomass
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
days
50
60
70
BA YieldSAFE (m2/ha)
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
Potential Yield
350
400
450
500
VOL YieldSAFE (m3/ha)
VOL Cabala (m3/ha)
Potential Yield
Observed: NEVic1020
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Potential Yield
S=25
Observed: NEVic1020
5
6
7
LAI YieldSAFE
LAI Cabala
Potential Yield
Observed: NEVic1020
Observed data
CABALA
YieldSAFE
YieldSAFE Potential
Ba
V
LAI
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
3
6
4
1
days
Potential Yield
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Observed: NEVic1020
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Actual Yield
NE Vic
γ
After
t
= 0.0004
SoilDepth(mm)
220
Soil Texture
US-siltyClLoam
Density
1020
20
25
Tree Height YieldSAFE (m)
Tree Height Cabala (m)
Potential Yield
H cabala function on YS Biomass
25
30
DBH YieldSAFE (cm)
DBH Cabala (cm)
Potential Yield
300
350
Biomass YieldSAFE (t/ha)
Biomass Cabala (t/ha)
Potential Yield
H
Dbh
W
0
5
10
15
20
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
days
H cabala function on YS Biomass
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
days
50
60
70
BA YieldSAFE (m2/ha)
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
350
400
450
500
VOL YieldSAFE (m3/ha)
VOL Cabala (m3/ha)
Potential Yield
Observed: NEVic1020
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Potential Yield
S=25
Observed: NEVic1020
5
6
7
LAI YieldSAFE
LAI Cabala
Potential Yield
Observed: NEVic1020
Observed data
CABALA
YieldSAFE
YieldSAFE Potential
Ba
V
LAI
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
3
6
4
1
days
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
Potential Yield
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Observed: NEVic1020
0
1
2
3
4
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Actual Yield
Averys
Too complex for YieldSAFE
No nitrogen model
20
25
Tree Height YieldSAFE (m)
Tree Height Cabala (m)
Potential Yield
H cabala function on YS Biomass
25
30
DBH YieldSAFE (cm)
DBH Cabala (cm)
Potential Yield
300
350
Biomass YieldSAFE (t/ha)
Biomass Cabala (t/ha)
0
5
10
15
20
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
days
H cabala function on YS Biomass
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
days
50
60
70
BA YieldSAFE (m2/ha)
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
350
400
450
500
VOL YieldSAFE (m3/ha)
VOL Cabala (m3/ha)
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
Biomass Cabala (t/ha)
5
6
7
LAI YieldSAFE
LAI Cabala
Observed data
CABALA
YieldSAFE
YieldSAFE Potential
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
3
6
4
1
days
BA Cabala (m2/ha)
Potential Yield
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
VOL Cabala (m3/ha)
0
1
2
3
4
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
days
CABALA vs YieldSAFE
Looking at water dynamics…
4
6
8
10
Water use by tree YieldSAFE
Water use by tree Cabala (ET)
Linear (Water use by tree YieldSAFE)
Linear (Water use by tree Cabala (ET))
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
SoilEvap YieldSAFE
SoilEvap Cabala
Northcliffe
YieldSAFE – Total soil
water, using general
parameters for soil type
Cabala – Available soil
-2
0
2
1
3
6
5
7
2
9
1
0
9
3
1
4
5
7
1
8
2
1
2
1
8
5
2
5
4
9
2
9
1
3
3
2
7
7
3
6
4
1
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 4 0 0 0Soil w ater (mm) YieldSAFE Available soil w ater in root zone (mm) Water use by tree Cabala
Observed: Northclif f e
0
200
400
600
1
0
100
200
300
1 2 3456789 10 11 12 132024232221141917161518252627282933343231303536373839404142434445495048464757605958615655545352516665646263676869707180788182797577747372761021001031018786858483114113111110109108107106105112104979695949392919089889899118119116117115120121122123124135134133132131130129125128127126139140136138137141142143144145152156155154153148151150149147146160161159157158162163164165166167168169170171172176177173175174178179180181182193192191190189188187183186184185194195196197198205209208207206204203202201200199210211212213214221225224223222216220219215217218226227228229230234235232231233242246245244243240241236239237238247248249250251258262261260259254257256255252253266267265264263268269270271272283282281280279278277276275274273284285286287288295299298297296294291290293292289300301302303304309308307306305311312313314315316317318319320310324325322323321326327328329330331341340339338337336335334333332342343344345346357356353354355352351350349348347358359360361362368367366365364363369370371372373374375376377378384383381382379380385386387388389390391392393394398399396397395400401402403404405415414413412410411408407406409416417418419420421428431430429425427426424423422432433434435436442441439440437438443444445446447448449450451452457458454456455453459460461462463473472471470468469466465464467474475476477478479486489488487480485484483482481494495491493490492496497498499500507510509508503506505504502501515516513514511512522526517523525521520519518524527528529530531532537536535534533543547545544546542541540539538548549550551552553560563562561554559557556555558564565566567568569575579578576577574570572571573583584585582581580586587588589590600596598597599595593592591594604605606603602601607608609610611622621620619618617615614613612616623624625626627634637636635628633632631630629642643639641640638645646647648644655659658657656652654653651650649664663662661660670674673671672669668667666665675676677678679680685684683682681692696695693694691690689688687686697698699700701708711710709705707702704703706715716717714713712718719720721722733732729731730725728726724723727734735736737738742743739741740750754753752751746749748747745744755756757758759766770768767769765763762761760764774775773772771776777778779780791790789788787786784783782781785792793794795796803807806805804798802801800799797811812808810809813817814816815818819820822823824825826827828821833832831830829840844843842841839838837836835834845846847848849853854852851850861865864862863860859858857856855866867868869870874875872873871876877878879880881882883884885886894892897893896891887890895889888898899900901902903904905906907915918917916914913912911910909908922923921920919924925926927928934939937935938933929932936930931940941942943944951955954953952948950949947946945960957959956958961962963964965972976975974973969971970968967966100210011000979981978977980985984101310121011101010091008100710061005100410039869839909919879889899929829949931017995101899699710141015101610211024102210231020998999101910301034103210311033102910281027102610251035103610371038103910461050104910481047104310451042104110401044105110521053105410551060106110561059105810571071107010681069106410671065106310621066107210731074107510761081108210771080107910781089109210911090108510881087108610841083109310941095109610971098110411081106110511071103109911021100110111121113111411111110110911161117111811191115112511291128112711261124112211211120112311301131113211331134113511421145114411431136114111401139113811371149115011511148114711461155115611521154115311621165116411631166116111601159115811571167116811691170117111721179118211811180117611781173117511741177118611871188118511841183118911901191119211931203120012021201119511991197119611941198120712081209120612051204121012111212121312141221122512241223122212171220121912181216121512261227122812291230124012391238123712361235123112341233123212411242124312441245124612501251124812491247125812621261126012591255125712561254125312521263126412651266126712731277127512741276127212701271126912681282128312781281127912801284128512861287128812891290129112921293129712981299129612951294130113021303130413001311131513141313131213081310130913061305130713191320131813171316132713301329132813211326132413231322132513341335133613331332133113371338133913401341134813521351135013491347134513441343134613421353135413551356135713581359136013611362137113691372137313701365136813661364136313671378137413751376137713851389138813871386138413821381138013791383139313941392139113901395139613971398139914101408140714061409140414001403140514011402141114121413141414151422142614251424142314191421142014181417141614301431142914281427143214331434143514361440144314461445144414391442144114381437144714511452145014481449145914631462146014611458145714561455145414531464146514661467146814731472147114701469148014841483148114821479147814771476147514741485148614871488148914931494149114901492149515021496150415031505150115001499149814971506150715081509151015171521152015191518151615141513151215151511152215231524152515261527152815291530153115401538154115421539153415371535153215331536154315441545154615471554155815571556155515531551155015491548155215621563156115601559156415651566156715681575157815771576157915741572157115701569157315801581158215831584159115951594159315921586159015891588158715851599160015961598159716071611161016081609160616051604160316021601161216131614161516161621162016191618161716221628162316301629163216271626162516241631163316341635163616371644164816471646164516421643164016391638164116491650165116521653165716581654165616551669166816671666166516641663166116601659166216701671167216731674167916801675167816771676168616901689168816871685168416831682168116911692169316941695170217061705170417031697170117001699169816961710171117081707170917121713171417151716171717241727172617251720172317221721171917181731173217301729172817411739174317421740173817371736173517341733174417451746174717481753175417491752175017511760176417621761176317591758175717561755176517661767176817691776178017791778177717741775177317721771177017811782178317841785179017911786178917881787179818011800179917921797179517941793179618021803180418051806181118121807181018091808182218211819182018151818181718161814181318231824182518261827182818381837183618351832183418291833183118301839184018411842184318441848184918471846184518501851185218531854185518561857185818591863186518641862186118601866186718681869187018711872187318741875188018811877187918781876188218831884188518861893189618951894189018921887188918881891189718981899190019011902190919121911191019031908190719061905190419161917191819151913191419191920192119221923192919331932193119301928192719261925192419341935193619371938193919451949194819471946194419431942194119401950195119521953195419551960195919581957195619611962196319641965196619671968196919701975197619731974197219711977197819791980198119821983198419851986199119921988199019891987199319941995199619972004200720062005200020032001199819992002200820092010201120122013202020232022202120142019201820172016201520272028202920262025202420302031203220332034204520442043204220412040203920382037203620352046204720482049205020562060205820572059205520532051205220542061206220632064206520662071207020692068206720722073207420752076207720782079208020812082208620872085208420832088208920902091209220992103210221012100209720962095209420932098210421052106210721082117211521182119211621142109211221112110211321202121212221232124212921282127212621252130213121322133213421352136213721382139214021432145214121442142215221552154215321562151215021492148214721462161216021592158215721622163216421652166217521732176217721742169217221702168216721712178217921802181218221892193219221912190218721882186218521842183219421952196219721982202220322012200219922142204220522062207220822092210221122122213221822192216221722152220222122222223222422332231223422352232222722302225222922262228223622372238223922402247225122502249224822432246224522442241224222552256225422532252225722582259226022612272227122702269226822672266226522642263226222732274227522762277228322862285228422882282227822812287227922802289229022912292229323002304230223012303229822972296229522942299230523062307230823092313231423112312231023212325232423232322231523202319231823172316232623272328232923302341233723392338234023362335233423332332233123462345234423432342234723482349235023512358236223612360235923572356235523542353235223632364236523662367237423782377237623752369237323712370236823722382238323812380237923842385238623872388239523982397239623992394239323922391239023892403240424002401240224052406240724082409241024162420241924182417241524142413241224112421242224232424242524322436243524342433242724312429242824262430243724382439244024412446244724422445244424432453245624552454245724522450244924482451245824592460246124622469247324722471247024672468246624652464246324742475247624772478248424832482248124792480248524862487248824892490249124922493249424982499249624972495250025012502250325042505250625072508250925102511251525132512251425162517251825192520252125282531253025292526252725252524252325222532253325342535253625402541254225392538253725432544254525462547254825492550255125522558255725552556255425532559256025612562256325642565256625672568257325742571257225702569257525762577257825792585258925882587258625842583258225812580259025912592259325942595260226052604260326002601259925982597259626062607260826092610261126162615261426132612261726182619262026212622262326242625262626312632262726302628262926382642264026392641263726362635263426332643264426452646264726482654265826572655265626532649265126502652265926602661266226632667266926682666266526642670267126722673267426752676267726782679268326842685268226802681268626872688268926902696270026992698269726952694269326922691270127022703270427052706271627152714271327112712271027092708270727172718271927202721272227272726272527242723272827292730273127322733273427352736273727432741274227402738273927442745274627472748274927502751275227532758275927552757275627542760276127622763276427712775277427732772277027682767276627652769277627772778277927802785278727902789278827842786278327822781279127922793279427952796280028012799279827972802280328042805280628072808280928102811281228162817281428152813281828192820282128222833283228312830282828272829282528242823282628342835283628372838284528492848284728462842284428432841284028392850285128522853285428582859285628572855286028612862286328642865286628672868286928702874287528732872287128762877287828792880288128822883288428852886289028912888288928872892289328942895289629032907290629052904290229012900289928982897290829092910291129122919292329222921292029142918291629152913291729242925292629272928293229332931293029292934293529362937293829392940294129422943294429482949294529472946295029512952295329542961296529642963296229592960295829572956295529722976297529742973296929712966296829672970297729782979298029812985298629842983298229872988298929902991299229932994299529962997300130023000299929983003300430053006300730143018301730163015301230113010300930083013301930203021302230233032303030333034303130293024302730263025302830353036303730383039304330443042304130403045304630473048304930503051305230533054305530603059305830573056306130683062307030693071306730663065306430633073307430753076307230773078307930803081309030883091309230893085308730843083308230863093309430953096309731043108310731063105310231033101310030993098310931103111311231133117311831163115311431293119312031213122312331243125312631273128313331343131313231303135313631373138313931403147314931503148314331463144314231413145315131523153315431553162316631653164316331603161315931583157315631673168316931703171317631773172317531733174318331873185318431863182318131803179317831883189319031913192320332023201319932003196319831953194319331973204320532063207320832123214321332113210320932153216321732183219322032213222322332243228322932273225322632363239323832373240323532303233323232313234324532443243324132423246324732483249325032513260325832613259325632573255325432533252326232633264326532663270327232713269326832673273327432753276327732783279328032813282328732883285328632843283328932903291329232933294329532963297329833033304330033023301329933053306330733083309331633193318331733123315331333113310331433203321332233233324332533323335333433333326333133303329332833273339334033413338333633373342334333443345334633473348334933503351335533563353335433523357335833593360336133623372337133683369337033673365336433633366337333743375337633773378338533883387338633823384338333813380337933893390339133923393339933983396339733943395340034013402340334043405340634073408340934143415341134133412341034163417341834193420343034293428342734253426342334223421342434313432343334343435343634433446344534443437344234413440343934383450345134523449344734483453345434553456345734633467346634653464346234613460345934583468346934703471347234733483348234793480348134783474347734763475348434853486348734883489349434933492349134903496349734983499350035013502350335043505349535093510350735083506351135123513351435153516351735183519352035253526352235243523352135273528352935303531354235413540353935383537353335323536353435353543354535463547354435483549355035513552355935633562356135603554355835573556355535533567356835663564356535693570357135723573357435753576357735783579358335843580358235813585358635873588358936003599359835973596359435953590359335913592360136023603360436053616361536143613361236113609360836073606361036173618361936203621362536263623362436223627362836293630363136323633363436353636363736413642363836403639364336443645364636473648364936500
1000
2000
3000
Potential growth
Water reduced growth
Soil water (mm) YieldSAFE
Cabala – Available soil
water
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 4 0 0 0Soil w ater (mm) YieldSAFE Available soil w ater in root zone (mm) Water use by tree Cabala
Observed: Northclif f e