HERANÇAS MATERIAIS DE UMA GUERRA: OS CEMITÉRIOS DO CONTESTADO, SUL DO BRASIL

HERANÇAS MATERIAIS DE UMA GUERRA: OS

CEMITÉRIOS DO CONTESTADO, SUL DO BRASIL

MATERIAL INHERITANCE OF A WAR: THE

CONTESTADO CEMETERIES, SOUTH BRAZIL

Jaisson Teixeira Lino*

Resumo: O artigo tem por objetivo expor alguns aspectos sobre a formação

de cemitérios na região do Contestado, localizada na região do planalto sul EUDVLOHLURRQGHRFRUUHXXPFRQÀLWRGHJUDQGHVGLPHQV}HVFRQKHFLGRFRPR *XHUUDGR&RQWHVWDGRHQWUHHFXOPLQDQGRFRPDPRUWHGHPLOKDUHV de pessoas. Palavras-chave:*XHUUDGR&RQWHVWDGR&HPLWpULRVKLVWyULFRV$UTXHRORJLD da morte. Abstract:7KHSDSHUDLPVWRH[SRVHVRPHDVSHFWVRIWKHIRUPDWLRQRIFHPHWHULHV LQWKH&RQWHVWDGRUHJLRQORFDWHGLQWKHVRXWKHUQSODWHDXRI%UD]LOZKHUHWKHUH ZDVDODUJHFRQÀLFWNQRZQDVWKH&RQWHVWDGR:DUEHWZHHQDQG FXOPLQDWLQJZLWKWKHGHDWKRIWKRXVDQGVSHRSOH3URSRVHGKHUHDQRXWOLQHRI WKHEDVLFW\SHVRI¿HOGVVDLQWVRIWKHUHJLRQIURPWKHELEOLRJUDSK\FRQWULEXWLQJ WRSRVVLEOHDUFKDHRORJLFDODQGKHULWDJHUHVHDUFKRIWKHFRQÀLFW Keywords:&RQWHVWDGR:DU+LVWRULFDOFHPHWHULHV$UFKDHRORJ\RIWKHGHDWK 3URIHVVRUGD8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGD)URQWHLUD6XO8))6&DPSXVGH&KDSHFy6& E-mail: lino@uffs.edu.br

O cemitério, como morada dos mortos, constitui-se como um importante HOHPHQWRVDJUDGRGDSDLVDJHPPDUFDQGRPDWHULDOPHQWHDPHPyULDGDTXHOHV VXMHLWRVTXHFRQWULEXtUDPSDUDDVWUDQVIRUPDo}HVGDSDLVDJHPKXPDQDGHXPD determinada região. No cenário de uma guerra, se constituem no exemplo máximo dos resultados nefastos ocorridos de lado a lado, encontrando-se sua ocorrência, para o caso da Guerra do Contestado, em todos os lugares GHDEUDQJrQFLDGLUHWDRXLQGLUHWDGRFRQÀLWRFRPRHPFDPSRVGHEDWDOKDV UHGXWRV VDQWRV PDUJHQV GD IHUURYLD FLGDGHV H YLODV %HOORPR DSUHVHQWD D GH¿QLomRGRFHPLWpULRFULVWmRTXHSDUWLFXODUPHQWHLQWHUHVVDDHVWHDUWLJR³R cristianismo, com sua mensagem de ressurreição, criou uma nova concepção GHFRPRYHQFHUDPRUWHHSUHVHUYDUDPHPyULDGRVPRUWRV$VVLPVXUJLUDP RVFHPLWpULRVFULVWmRVVXJHVWLYDPHQWHWDPEpPFKDPDGRVµFDPSRVVDQWRV¶´1

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)RL QHVWH FRPEDWH GH &DUDJXDWi TXH VH YHUL¿FRX SHOD primeira vez, a prática de exumação dos cadáveres dos DGYHUViULRV$WURSDGRH[pUFLWRHQWHUURXVHXVPRUWRVHP FHPLWpULRV SUy[LPR D 6mR 6HEDVWLmR GDV 3HUGL]HV 'RLV PHVHVGHSRLVGXUDQWHDH[SHGLomRGRJHQHUDO0HVTXLWD os militares se defrontaram com a visão aterradora de LGHQWL¿FDU RV FDGiYHUHV GH VHXV FDPDUDGDV H[XPDGRV H picados a facão.24

2 FHPLWpULR PLOLWDU GH 3HUGL]HV FRQWDYD FRP DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH  FRUSRVTXHIRUDPHQWHUUDGRVORJRDSyVRVSULPHLURVFRPEDWHVRFRUULGRVDSDUWLU GHGHPDUoRGHFRQWDQGRLQFOXVLYHFRPXPDFHUFDTXHRGHOLPLWDYD O ato consistia em desenterrar e mutilar os corpos, para, posteriormente, serem GHL[DGRVH[SRVWRVjDomRGDVLQWHPSpULHVHSDUDVHUYLUGHDOLPHQWRSDUDSRUFRV e aves.26$OJXQVUHODWRVLQGLFDPDLQGDDo}HVHYHQWXDLVGHVDTXHFRPRRFRUWH GRVGHGRVTXHSRUWDYDPDQpLV e o instrumento utilizado no trucidamento era o facão.$OJXQVRXWURVGHWDOKHVIRUDPDVVLQDODGRVFRPRRDWRGHGHL[DURV FRUSRVGHEUXoRVHGHVHID]HURVLQDOGDFUX]HPVHXVFUkQLRVFRPXPIDFmR29

1RWDVH TXH DV H[XPDo}HV H DV SRVWHULRUHV LQXPDo}HV, possuem LPSOLFDo}HVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDDQiOLVHVDUTXHROyJLFDVGRVFHPLWpULRVKLVWyULFRV HPSULPHLUROXJDUGHYHGL¿FXOWDUDLGHQWL¿FDomRGHFHPLWpULRVLQWDFWRVRX com relativo grau de conservação e organização. Em um segundo momento, D DUTXHRORJLD SRGHUi FRQWULEXLU SDUD DV LQWHUSUHWDo}HV VREUH R DVVXQWR LGHQWL¿FDQGR HVSDoRV HP TXH KRXYH WDLV SUiWLFDV H FRQVHTXHQWHPHQWH D LQWHQVLGDGHHPTXHDVPHVPDVRFRUUHUDPDOpPGHH[DPLQDUDVRVVDGDVHP EXVFDGDVPDUFDVGDVDo}HVGHIDF}HVRXRXWURVLQVWUXPHQWRVHDUPDVFRPR SRUH[HPSORSDUDFRQ¿UPDURXUHIXWDUDRFRUUrQFLDGDVPDUFDVGHL[DGDVQRV FUkQLRVGHVFULWDVQRSDUiJUDIRDQWHULRU

$OJXQVSHVTXLVDGRUHVWHQWDUDPHQWHQGHUDVDo}HVGHSURIDQDomRGRV PRUWRV GHVWDFDQGRVH TXDWUR H[SODQDo}HV   /X] DGMXGLFD DV H[XPDo}HV DRIDWRGHQmRVHSRGHUVHSXOWDUVXMHLWRVSURIDQRVHPXPWHUULWyULRVDJUDGR FRPRHUDRHVSDoRGRVUHGXWRV31FKDPDGDGH³DWLYLGDGHPiJLFRJXHUUHLUD´ SRU4XHLUR]TXHLQYHVWHQXPDH[SOLFDomRVREUHRREMHWLYRGHLPSRUPHGR DRVLQLPLJRVTXHSRGHULDPWHPHUQmRUHFHEHUHPXPVHSXOWDPHQWRFULVWmRH SRUWDQWRQmRSRGHULDPDVFHQGHUDRFpX32±0RQWHLURVHJXHRXWURFDPLQKRGH GLVFXVVmRFRPSUHHQGHQGRDPRUWHHDVFRQVHTXHQWHVLQXPDo}HVHH[XPDo}HV FRPRLQHUHQWHVDRFRPSOH[RXQLYHUVRUHOLJLRVRFDERFORHTXHHVVDVDWLYLGDGHV HUDPSUDWLFDGDVFRPRVHVHJXLVVHPXPDOHLQHVWHFDVRGHRUGHPGLYLQD33 4 - SRU¿P(VSLJWDPEpPVHJXHRYLpVUHOLJLRVRSDUDHQWHQGHUTXHDRVLQLPLJRV GHYHULDVHULQWHUGLWDGRRDFHVVRDR³H[pUFLWRHQFDQWDGRGH6mR6HEDVWLmR´SRU PHLRGHVVDVDo}HVTXHQmRSRVVLELOLWDULDPTXDOTXHUFKDQFHGHUHVVXUUHLomR34 3RGHULDSHQVDUVHVHULDPHQWHHPXPDDQiOLVHPDLVFRQWH[WXDOSDUDGDUFRQWD desse complexo tema da guerra e do tratamento dos mortos, incluindo, em uma PHVPDH[SOLFDomRHYLGrQFLDVWDQWRSUiWLFDVTXDQWRVLPEyOLFDVGRSRUTXHVH negar aos adversários um enterro cristão.

,QWHUHVVDQWHQRWDUTXHHVWDDWLYLGDGHSURIDQDWyULDVHHVWHQGHXWDPEpP SDUDDTXHOHVVHUWDQHMRVTXHIRUDPDFXVDGRVGHWUDLomR$LQGDHP&DUDJXDWi 3DXOR3LQKHLUR0DFKDGRDSDUWLUGRHVWXGRGHGHSRLPHQWRVD¿UPDTXH³RVTXH HUDPVXVSHLWRVGHFRODERUDURX³ERPEHDU´SDUDRJRYHUQRUHFHELDPDPRUWH VHPGLUHLWRDHQWHUURFULVWmRVHXVFRUSRVHUDPMRJDGRVQRPDWRRXjVPDUJHQV GRULR7LPEy´RXWDPEpPSRGHULDPVHUSURVWUDGRVHPiUHDVGLVWDQWHVGRV

redutos e abandonados até se reduzirem apenas aos ossos. Teriam o mesmo GHVWLQR DTXHOHV VXMHLWRV TXH UHVROYHVVHP WDPEpP HQWHUUDU RV FRUSRV RX RV YHVWtJLRVyVVHRVGRVLQLPLJRV36 'HRXWURPRGRDVLQXPDo}HVGRVFRPSDQKHLURVTXHWRPEDUDPHP EDWDOKDUHFHEHUDPXPWUDWDPHQWRHVSHFLDOVHQGRGHQWURGDVSRVVLELOLGDGHV GRFRQÀLWRQHFHVViULRTXHIRVVHPHQWHUUDGRVGHPRGRDGHTXDGRVHWRPDQGR FRPRWDUHIDLPSRUWDQWHTXHWRGRVRVFRUSRVIRVVHPLGHQWL¿FDGRVHTXHQLQJXpP ¿FDVVHVHPVHSXOWXUD'HDFRUGRFRP'XJODV7HL[HLUD0RQWHLURRHQWHUUR FULVWmR VHULD QHFHVViULR SDUD D IXWXUD UHVVXUUHLomR MXQWR D -RVp 0DULD QR H[pUFLWRHQFDQWDGRTXHGDULDDYLWyULD¿QDODRVFDERFORV$UHODomRGLDOpWLFD estabelecida entre a exumação dos adversários e a inumação dos colegas de fé e de guerra é explanada por esse autor da seguinte maneira:

(Q¿P DV SUiWLFDV VROLGiULDV GD LQXPDomR GRV ¿pLV H GD H[XPDomRGRVLQ¿pLVVmRPRGRVRSRVWRVHFRPSOHPHQWDUHV de enfrentar a natureza inerente ao cadáver. Dar sepultura SLHGRVD DRV SULPHLURV p XP ULWR GH SXUL¿FDomR 3RU HOH WRUQDVH SRVVtYHO GLVWLQJXLORV GHQWUR GR GHVWLQR FRPXP TXH SDUWLOKDP FRP RV GHPDLV 'HVVD PDQHLUD JDUDQWH VH D FRQWLQXLGDGH H D LQWHJULGDGH GH XP PXQGR GR TXDO também fazem parte os vivos e as entidades celestiais e, SULQFLSDOPHQWHDVVHJXUDVHDRVTXHPRUUHPXPOXJDUQR ([pUFLWR(QFDQWDGR1HJiODDRV~OWLPRVH[SHOLQGRRVH entregando-os desprotegidos aos urubus, também é um ULWR SHOR TXDO SURFXUDVH PDUFDU GH PRGR LQHTXtYRFR D LQGHOHELOLGDGHGDLPSXUH]DTXHFDUUHJDP39

3DUHFHTXHHVVDGLFRWRPLDLQXPDomR[H[XPDomRDLQGDSRGHUiIRUQHFHU GDGRVLQWHUHVVDQWHVSDUDDLQYHVWLJDomRDUTXHROyJLFDSRLVKiDWHQGrQFLDGHTXH RVFHPLWpULRVGRVVHUWDQHMRVHVWHMDPPDLVSUHVHUYDGRVHTXHHVWHIDWRSRGHUi contribuir para a diferenciação entre os dois tipos de ocorrência, podendo-se LQFOXVLYHLQYHVWLJDUUHODo}HVLGHQWLWiULDVQRVFDPSRVVDQWRVXPDYH]TXHRV HVFULWRVKLVWyULFRVGHS}HPDIDYRUGHXPDVHSDUDomRUtJLGDHQWUHXPHRXWUR 4XDQGR&DUDJXDWiIRL¿QDOPHQWHRFXSDGDRVPLOLWDUHVQRWDUDPTXH o cemitério do reduto estava localizado ao lado da igreja. Na emboscada jWURSDGRWHQHQWH0DWWRV&RVWDHPRVFRUSRVGHRXVROGDGRV mortos encontrados nas margens da ferrovia foram enviados para a cidade de 8QLmRGD9LWyULDRQGHIRUDPVHSXOWDGRVQRFHPLWpULRPXQLFLSDO2FRUSRGH 0DWWRV&RVWDIRLHQYLDGRHHQWHUUDGRHP&XULWLED3DUDQi41 Também em 1914, RXWURFRUSRLQVHSXOWRHQFRQWUDGRWUXFLGDGRIRLRGRWHQHQWH$QWRQLR3HUHLUD &DPSRVPRUWRHPHPERVFDGD1HVWHFDVRIRLHQWHUUDGRDRTXHSDUHFHHP uma sepultura isolada e, portanto, fora da área de um cemitério, na comunidade GH9LOD1RYDGR7LPEy42

Os combates nos redutos foram produzindo seus campos santos para DJXDUGDGRVFRUSRVWDQWRGRVVHUWDQHMRVTXDQWRGRVPLOLWDUHVHYDTXHDQRV43 TXHLDPSHUHFHQGRQDIUHQWHGHEDWDOKD6HJXQGR6RDUHVDSyVRVFRPEDWHV QRUHGXWRGH6DQWR$QW{QLRWUDWRXVHGHHQWHUUDURVPRUWRVQRPHVPRORFDO TXHDVWURSDVHVWDYDPHVWDFLRQDGDV2UHODWRGRPLOLWDUDLQGDPHQFLRQDTXH XPDPLVVmRH[SORUDWyULDIRLGHVLJQDGDSDUDGDUVHSXOWXUDDRVFDGiYHUHVGRV FDERFORVTXHLDPVHQGRHQFRQWUDGRVQDVPDWDVDGMDFHQWHVDRUHGXWRGHVWUXtGR44 3RUFRQVHJXLQWHFRQFOXLVHTXHDVEDWDOKDVQHVWHUHGXWRJHUDUDPSHORPHQRV um cemitério coletivo, no caso, o dos militares, e diversas sepulturas isoladas, GHYLGRDRLQGLFDWLYRGHTXHRVVHUWDQHMRVHUDPHQWHUUDGRVQRPHVPRORFDOHP TXHIRUDPHQFRQWUDGRVSHORVPLOLWDUHV 2JUDQGHUHGXWRGH6DQWD0DULDYLXFUHVFHUHQRUPHPHQWHRVOLPLWHVGH VHXFHPLWpULRGHYLGRjHSLGHPLDGHWLIRTXHVHDEDWHXVREUHJUDQGHSDUWHGD irmandade.'HDFRUGRFRP0DUOL$XUDV³YLQWHDWULQWDFRUSRVGH¿pLVGHWRGDV DVLGDGHVHUDPGLDULDPHQWHOHYDGRVDRLPSURYLVDGRFHPLWpULR´46 Dentro da iUHDGRSUySULRUHGXWRKDYLDSRUWDQWRXPDQHFUySROHGHJUDQGHVGLPHQV}HV DTXDOVHUYLXGHUHSRXVRSDUDFHQWHQDVGHFRUSRVHKRXYHTXHPHVFUHYHVVHTXH RFHPLWpULRFUHVFLDPDLVUDSLGDPHQWHTXHDiUHDKDELWDFLRQDO Consta também TXH$GHRGDWRQmRSHUPLWLDRVHSXOWDPHQWRGDTXHOHVVXMHLWRVTXHIRVVHPPRUWRV SRUWUDLomRKDYHQGRRPHVPRWUDWDPHQWRGDGRDRVLQLPLJRV Dos falecidos HPFRPEDWHWHPVHQRWtFLDTXHRVFDERFORVRVHQWHUUDUDPQRFHQWURGRTXDGUR santo49HTXHRVFRUSRVHUDPUHVJDWDGRVQDIUHQWHGHFRPEDWHHOHYDGRVSDUD o interior do reduto.'RODGRPLOLWDURVPRUWRVIRUDPLQXPDGRVQRSUySULR local do acampamento das tropas./RJRDSyVDTXHGDGRUHGXWRRVPLOLWDUHV trataram de incendiá-lo, sem antes deixar de anotarem a existência do cemitério GDFRPXQLGDGHSUy[LPRDDOJXPDVFDVDV

Em outros redutos também se tem o registro da existência de cemitérios. )UHL$XUpOLR6WXO]HUHVFUHYHXVREUHDYLVLWDGHIUHL5RJpULR1HXKDXVjVWURSDV GH2QRIUH5LEHLURQDFRPXQLGDGHGH6DOVHLURRQGHRH[pUFLWRWHULDGHVWUXtGR XP UHGXWR 1D RFDVLmR EHQ]HX VHSXOWXUDV GH GRLV FLYLV H XP VROGDGR TXH SHUHFHUDP QR FRQÀLWR 1D WRPDGD PLOLWDU DR UHGXWR GR$OHL[R DV WURSDV avançaram sobre um cemitério localizado em uma das guardas avançadas, o TXHGHQRWDVXDORFDOL]DomRIRUDGDiUHDKDELWDFLRQDO1RUHGXWRGH3HGUDV %UDQFDVRVUHEHOGHVPRUWRVHPFRPEDWHIRUDPHQWHUUDGRVQRSUySULRHVSDoR GRUHGXWRMiGHVWUXtGR

$VGHVFULo}HVGHDWDTXHVGRVSLTXHWHV[XFURV dos sertanejos renderam WDPEpPDOJXPDVLQIRUPDo}HVVREUHDFRQVWLWXLomRGHFHPLWpULRV6WXO]HUQDUUD jWHQWDWLYDIUXVWUDGDGHLQYDVmRGDYLODGH&DQRLQKDVHPGHMXOKRGH RQGHRVVHUWDQHMRVUHFXDUDPDSyVRIUDFDVVRGDRIHQVLYD3RVWHULRUPHQWH bombeiros GD YLOD REVHUYDUDP VHSXOWXUDV FRQVWUXtGDV QD UHWLUDGD GRV sertanejos, no total de três conjuntos funerários, sendo um com três sepulturas, RXWURFRPHXPWHUFHLURFRPHQWHUUDPHQWRV2XWURSLTXHWH[XFURDLQGD

HPIRLYtWLPDGHXPDWDTXHHP&DSmR$OWRTXDQGRWHQWDYDVHDSUR[LPDU de Lages. Na tentativa de contabilizar os mortos do lado caboclo, um religioso TXHWHVWHPXQKRXRHYHQWRQDUUDTXHWDOWDUHIDVHUHYHVWLDGHFHUWDGL¿FXOGDGH XPDYH]TXHRVFRUSRVHUDPRFXOWDGRVUDSLGDPHQWHHYLGHQFLDQGRVHRHQWHUUR UiSLGRGRVFRPSDQKHLURV 1R¿PGRFRQÀLWRQRLQtFLRGHFHQWHQDVGHSHVVRDVSURYHQLHQWHV GRVUHGXWRVVHHQWUHJDUDPRXIRUDPDSULVLRQDGDVSHODVIRUoDVPLOLWDUHV3DUWH GHVVHFRQWLQJHQWHIRLHQWUHJXHDRVYDTXHDQRVFRPR-XFD7LJUHH3HGUR5XLYR para serem fuziladas ou degoladas nas margens de estradas e rios nas cercanias GH&DQRLQKDVRQGHVHXVFRUSRV¿FDUDPLQVHSXOWRV$QRVGHSRLVHP DLQGDHUDSRVVtYHOYHUQDSDLVDJHPRVUHVWRVPRUWDLVLQVHSXOWRVGDTXHOHVTXH viveram nos redutos:

2 IDUPDFrXWLFR$OIUHGR /HPVHU TXH HVWHYH QDTXHOHV UHGXWRV DSyV VHUHP GHVWUXtGRV FRQWRXQRV DLQGD HP  TXH YLX LQ~PHURV FDGiYHUHV GH KRPHQV PXOKHUHV HFULDQoDVLQVHSXOWRVQDTXHOHVDJUXSDPHQWRVPRUWRVSRU IHULPHQWRVHHPPDLRUQ~PHURPRUWRVGHIRPHRXSHOR WLIR )RL LQIRUPDGR QDTXHODV ORFDOLGDGHVTXH PRUUHUDP PDLVSHVVRDVDVVLPYLWLPDGDVGRTXHDVTXHSHUGHUDPD vida em combate.61

$FLWDomRDFLPDID]OHPEUDUTXHHPXPDVLWXDomRGHJXHUUDDVPRUWHV não são resultantes apenas de combates, mas também a fome e as doenças WLYHUDPHIHLWRVGHYDVWDGRUHVSDUDRVFDERFORVTXHYLYLDPVREFHUFRFRQVWDQWH HFRPGL¿FXOGDGHVGHPDQWHUFHUWDVDOXEULGDGHQRVUHGXWRVRQGHLQFOXVLYH RVVRVKXPDQRVSRGLDPVHUYLVWRVH[SRVWRVIRUDGDViUHDVIXQHUiULDV62 $VIRUoDVUHSUHVVRUDVWUDWDUDPGHPDQHLUDGLIHUHQWHRVFDGiYHUHVGH FDERFORVPRUWRVQRFRPEDWHGRUHGXWRGH3HUGL]LQKDTXHDSyVDH[HFXomR SRUIX]LODPHQWRWLYHUDPVHXVFRUSRVTXHLPDGRVFRPDX[tOLRGHJULPSDVGH SLQKHLUR63 Essa informação combina com a existência atualmente no antigo ORFDOGRUHGXWRORFDOL]DGRQRPXQLFtSLRGH/HERQ5pJLV6DQWD&DWDULQDGH estruturas feitas de pedras, com a mesma técnica empregada na construção de PXURVGHWDLSDFRPIRUPDWRUHWDQJXODUHLGHQWL¿FDGDVFRPRFUHPDWyULRV64, conforme imagem a seguir:

Figura 4 - 'HWDOKH GH HVWUXWXUD GH EORFRV GH SHGUD IRUPDQGR PXUR GH VXSRVWR ³FUHPDWyULR´HP/HERQ5pJLV6DQWD&DWDULQD)RQWHDFHUYRGRDXWRU

Outras notas esporádicas sobre cemitérios foram mencionadas em FRQWH[WRVGLYHUVRVGDJXHUUD2FRUSRGRDYLDGRU.LUNTXHPRUUHXGHYLGRj TXHGDGHVHXDYLmRIRLHQWHUUDGRQRFHPLWpULRGH8QLmRGD9LWyULDHP )UHL5RJpULRUHDOL]RXHPPDLRGHXPDFHULP{QLDUHOLJLRVDQRFHPLWpULR GH&DQRLQKDVHPPHPyULDGHXPVROGDGRPRUWRQDWHQWDWLYDGHXPDLQYDVmR VHUWDQHMDQRGLDDQWHULRUXPSLTXHWH[XFURLQYDGLXDFRPXQLGDGHGH6mR-RmR GRV3REUHVDSDUWLUGHVHXFHPLWpULR66 a fazenda Rio Doce também foi atacada SHORVUHEHOGHVEDVHDGRVQRUHGXWRGH6mR0LJXHOVHQGRRSURSULHWiULRPRUWR HHQWHUUDGRQDSUySULDVHGHGDID]HQGD CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 0XLWRVFHPLWpULRVFRQWLQXDUDPDSRYRDUDSDLVDJHPGHSRLVGDJXHUUD HPHUHFHPWDPEpPSHVTXLVDVGHFXQKRDUTXHROyJLFRSRGHQGRVHREVHUYDU DVWUDQVIRUPDo}HVRXSHUPDQrQFLDVRFRUULGDVQHVWHVVtWLRVDQWHVGXUDQWHH GHSRLVGRFRQÀLWR0XLWRVGHVWHVORFDLVJXDUGDPDQWLJRVPRUDGRUHVGDVFLGDGHV VDQWDVFRPRDTXHOHORFDOL]DGRQD6HUUDGD(VSHUDQoDPHQFLRQDGRSRU'HOPLU Valentini, e novos cemitérios em contextos urbanos foram sendo criados, como RGH8QLmRGD9LWyULDLQDXJXUDGRHP698PGHVWHVORFDLVHQFRQWUDVHQD

FRPXQLGDGHGH7DTXDUXoXORFDOGRSULPHLURUHGXWRGDJXHUUDTXHJXDUGDP os corpos de moradores dos tempos da guerra, conforme imagem abaixo:

Figura 5:&HPLWpULRGDFRPXQLGDGHGH7DTXDUXoX)UDLEXUJR6DQWD&DWDULQD)RQWH acervo do autor.

$GHPDLVJUDQGHSDUWHGRVFDPSRVVDQWRVFRQVWLWXtGRVDSDUWLUGD*XHUUD do Contestado ainda pode ser encontrada, registrada e estudada, a partir de XPSRQWRGHYLVWDGRVHVWXGRVGDDUTXHRORJLDHPHVSHFLDOGDDUTXHRORJLDGD SDLVDJHP&RQFRUGDVHFRP6LOYDTXDQGRGL]TXHHQTXDQWRDOJXQVFHPLWpULRV MiVmRFRQKHFLGRVPXLWRVRXWURVDLQGDHVWmRjHVSHUDSDUDVHUHPHQFRQWUDGRV 8PPLOLWDUTXHSDUWLFLSRXGRFRQÀLWRGHL[RXXPYLYRUHWUDWRVREUHDDOWHUDomR GDSDLVDJHPFXOWXUDOFDXVDGDSHORVUHVWRVPRUWDLVORJRDSyVRWpUPLQRGDJXHUUD 9LHVFRQGLGRVjVRPEUDGHIURQGRVDViUYRUHVVHFXODUHV cemitérios improvisados em clareiras abertas em plena H GHQVD PDWD YLUJHP HP ORJDUHV RQGH R KRPHP MDPDLV KDYLDH[DODGRRV{SURYLJRURVRGHVXDYLGD9LjPDUJHP GH FDPLQKRV PDO DEHUWRV GH FDUJXHLURV RX H[TXLVLWRV EUDQTXHMDQGRjOX]GRVRORXHPQRLWHVOXDUHQWDVPLOKDUHV GH RVVDGDV KXPDQDV GH KRPHQV PXOKHUHV H FULDQoDV WUXFLGDGDVTXHIRUDPDFHUWHLURWLURGHIXVLORXDDJXoDGD SRQWD GH VDEUH D WLUR GH JDUUXFKD RX D ¿R GH IDFD RX IDFmRLQVHSXOWDVTXH¿FDUDPSDUDHVFiUQHRGDFLYLOL]DomRH

OXGLEULRGDKXPDQLGDGHYLWLPDVLPRODGDVjOXWDIUDWULFLGD RXjSHUYHUVLGDGHLQRPLQiYHOGHFKHIRWHVGHDUUDLDO

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NOTAS

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