The known geographical distribution of sand flies
in the state of Rondônia, Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae) 0)
C e c l i e B. Biancarcli ('J, Jorge R. A r i a s p). Rui A . d e Freitas (3) , Eloy G . C a s t e l l o n ( )
Abstract
This study exoands the knowledge of phlebotomine Sand fly distribution in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. New state and country records are registered, bringing the total of known sand fly species in Rondônia to 78.
INTRODUCTION
The only sand flies f r o m the State of Ron dônia previously reported w e r e those by Mar tins ef al. (1965, 1978). Martins ef al. (1965) cited 40 species f r o m Rondônia, t w o being in the genus Brumptomyia, thirtyseven in the genus Lutzomyia, and one in t h e genus Psycho dopygus. Of the thirtyseven Lutzomyia, L dub/a became synonomous w i t h L. odax, snd L abunaensis became synonomous with L. brasiliensis. Martins ef a/. (1978) added t w o more species in the genus Lutzo myia to t h i s list, bringing the total number of previously described species to 4 2 .
In the present w o r k w e report a total of 62 species, 47 in the genus Lutzomyia and 15 in the genus Psychodopygus Interestingly, Mar tins ef a/. (1965, 1978) reported 16 species which w e did not collect, and w e are now reporting 36 species w h i c h are newly recorded for Rondônia. The total number of species collected in Rondônia is now 78 (Table 1 ) .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
During Leishmania studies in the State of Rondônia, w e set out to make a survey of the total sand fly copulation, as recommended by KillickKendrick and Ward (1981). In order t o do this w e utilized four basic capture tech niques: Manbait capture, tree base captures, Malaise trap captures and CDC miniature light
trap captures Sand f l i e s w e r e preserved in 7 0 % ethyl alcohol, cleared in KOH, and mounted in Berlese s o l u t i o n . Some specimens that w e r e not mounted were examined in phenol.
R E S U L T S
During our t w o year capture program w e took a total of 15,418 sand f l i e s , of w h i c h 26,4% w e r e males and 73,6% were females
(Table 2 ) .
Map 1 . This detailed map of the State of Ron donia shows (in the f o r m cf numbers) the collecting areas f r o m w h i c h sand f l i e s are recorded, and this is s h o w n on the respective distribution maps to f o l l o w . Area 1 — t h e Gua jará M i r i m area f r o m w h i c h Martins ef al.
(1965, 1978) record many s p e c i s s . Even though w e collected f r o m this area, t h s results w i l l be published elsewhere, as they are part of a comparative w o r k done w i t h Dr. M a r t i n s . Area 2 — a forest area, w i t h much disturbance f r o m man, approximately five k i l o m e t e r s f r o m the w e s t bank of the Madeira River opposite Porto V e l h o . Area 3 — the area that includes the f i r s t 40 k i l o m e t e r s east of Porto Velho along the BR364 H i g h w a y . Area 4 — was considered separately as it is part of an aea w h i c h w i l l eventually be flooded by the construction of a hydroelectric dam in the n_
a r f u t u r e . Area 5 — the city of A r i q u e m e s This is a f o r e s t area around the recently developed city of A r i q u e m e s . Area 6 — the city of Ji Paraná, f o r m e r l y called Rondonia, an older, more established, c o m m u n i t y . Area 7 — the city of Vilhena, a center of colonization projects, and an ecotome between terra f rme forest and " c e r r a d o " .
( 1 ) — This research was partly financed by a Grant in Aid from the Rondonia Territorial Government and CNPq's INPA project 3057.
( 2 ) — Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá.
( 3 ) — Institute Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazónia, Manaus.
Genus Brumptomyia (Map 2)
The genus Brumptomyia is represented in the State of Rondônia by t w o species, B. pen
tacantha and 8. pintoi, as reported by Martins ef al. (1935) f r o m the Guajará M i r i m area. 8. pentscsntha is a broadly distributed species, ranging f r o m Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and the Brazilian Amazon f r o m A c r e to Pará. B. pintoi has been found f r o m French Guyana to Argen tina In Brazil, this last species has been found 7ASLE 1 — Sand fly species f< BRUMPTOMYIA França & Parrot (1921) Brumptomyia pentacantha (Barretto) (1947) Brumptomyia pintoi (Costa Lima) (1932) LUTZOMYIA França (1924) Lutzomyia abonnenci (Floch & Chassignet) (1947) Lutzomyia anduzei (Rozeboom) (1942) Lutzomyia antunesi ICoulinho) (1939) Lutzomyia aragaoi (Costa Lima) (1932) Lutzomyia auraensis (Mangabeira) (1942) Lutzomyia bacula Martins, Falcăo & Silva (1965) Lutzomyia "begonae" like Lutzomyia brasiliensis (Costa Lima) (1932) Lutzomyia calcarata Martins & Silva (1964) Lutzomyia caligata Martins. Falcăo & Silva (1965) Lutzomyia campbelll (Damasceno, Causey & Arouck) (1945) Lutzomyia cerqueirai (Causey & Damasceno) (1945) Lutzomyia coutinhoi (Mangabeira) (1942) Lutzomyia damascenoi (Mangabeira) (1941) Lutzomyia dasymera (Fairchild & Hertig) (1961) Lutzomyia dasipodogeton (Castro) (1939) Lutzomyia dendrophila (Mangabeira) (1942) Lutzomyia dreisbachi (Causey & Damasceno) (1945) Lutzomyia evangelistai Martins & Fraiha (1971) Lutzomyia flabellata Martins & Silva (1964) Lutzomyia flaviscutcllata (Mangabeira) (1942) Lutzomyia flochi (Abonnenc & Chassignet) (1948) Lutzomyia furcata (Mangabeira) (1941) Lutzomyia gomezi (Nitzulescu) (1930) Lutzomyia infraspinosa (Mangabeira) (1941) Lutzomyia inornata Martins, Falcăo & Silva (1965) Lutzomyia longispina (Mangabeira) (1942) Lutzomyia loretonensis (Llanos) (1965) Lutzomyia lutziana (Costa Lima) (1932) Lutzomyia marinkellei Young (1979) Lutzomyia michopyga (Mangabeira) (1942) Lutzomyia monstruosa (Floch & Abonnenc) (1944) Lutzomyia nevesi (Damasceno & Arouck) (1956) Lutzomyia nq/destina (Mangabeira) (1942) Lutzomyia "nordestina" like Lutzomyia octavioi (Vargas) (1949) Lutzomyia odax (Fairchild & Hertig) (1961)
f r o m A c r e and Amazonas states south to Săo Paulo s t a t e . Our not recording further captures in t h i s genus is probably due t o differences in capture techniques used here as compared w i t h those reported by M a r t i n s ef al ( 1 9 6 5 ) .
Genus Lutzomyia (Map 3)
In the genus Lutzomyia, subgenus Lutzomyia, the series cruciata is represented by three s p e c i e s . L. gomezi, is the species w i t h the
Map. 1 — Detailed map of the state of Rondonia showing the various geographical l o c a l i t i e s and colletcting sites.
greatest distribution of this group, having been found f r o m Guajará M i r i m and Porto Velho t o Vilhena. Even though this (and other species) was not taken in Ariquemes and JiParana, i t was probably due to the l i m i t e d collections in those areas Outside of Rondonia, t h i s species has an extensive d i s t r i b u t i o n , ranging f r o m El Salvador in Central A m e r i c a through t h e Amazon Basin in Brazil to Maranhăo and Mato Grosso states L. sherlocki, previously only reported f r o m Peru and Mato Grosso state in
Map. 2 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Brumptomyia from the state of Rondonia.
In the species group gasparviannai (Map 4), in Lhe genus Lutzomyia, w e only took L. Ilabeilata. This species was collected f r o m both ends of Rondonia, the Porto Velho area and the Villiena area. Previous records place it only in the type locality, t h e neighboring state of A c r e .
The walkeri series, in t h e species group migonei (Map, 5) of the genus Lutzomyia, is represented in the state by five species L. bacuia, w h i c h had previously been found in Rondonia and the state of Goias was taken only in the Porto Velho area. Previous authors
(Martins ef al., 1965, 1978; Young & Fairchild, 1974) did not place t h i s species in the walkeri s e r i e s . We believe, based on morphological
characters, such as in the t i p s of the ejaculat ory ducts, t h a i it belongs in t h i s group. L. seritea, previously recorded f r o m French
Guyana and the northern part of the Brazilian Amazon W3s taken in small numbers in the Vilhena area. L. termitophila, previously re corded from Rondonia, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso states, L. walkeri f r o m Peru, northern Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay, and L. sp. of Baduel f r o m ' Colombia, French Guyana and Rondonia w e r e not taken by us, but were re ported by Martins ef al. (1965, 1978) .
Both of the species in the saulensis group (Map. 6) w e r e t a k e n . L. saulensis and L. wil soni were taken at all collecting sites, except L. wilsoni was not found in the Ariquemes area. L saulensis is a w i d e l y occurring species, being found f r o m Costa Rica to throughout the Amazon Valley. L. wilsoni, on the other hand, is more restricted in d i s t r i b u t i o n to Amazonas and Rondonia s t a t e s .
The series verrucarum of the species group verrucarum ( M a p . 7 ) , and the series serrana of the same species group, both in the genus Lutzomyia, are represented by three species, one in the f i r s t series, and t w o in the latter. L nevesi (series verrucarum) was taken in the Porto Velho and JiParana areas and had previously been recorded f r o m t h e GuajaraMi r i m area. This species is r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e eastern part of Peru and Bolivia, and the western part of the Brazilian A m a z o n . L. serra na (series serrana) previously recorded f r o m GuajaraMirim, w a s taken f r o m Porto Velho to JiParana L. cdax (series serrana) has only been taken in the Porto Velho area Thsse last t w o species have a wide d i s t r i b u t i o n , f r o m northern Central A m e r i c a t o Brazil.
B L u H am via m o n n m m
O UlilSJnyiS « M r l o c H
Map. 3 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lut zomyia, subgenus Lutzomyia, from the state of Ron
Two species of sand f l i e s in the subgenus Pintomyia (Map. 8) are recorded f r o m the Por ' o Velho and Vilhena extremes of Rondonia. L. spinosa, w h i c h has a broad distribution f r o m Panama to the Brazilian Amazon, was taken more frequently than L. damascenoi. w h i c h has a known d i s t r i b u t i o n f r o m Colombia t o the Brazilian A m a z o n .
Martins ef al. (1978) recorded t w o species in the subgenus Pressatia (Map. 9) for t h e territory of Rondonia, both f r o m the Guajara Mirim area. W e took three f e m a l e s , w h i c h w e believe to be L. triacantha, f r o m the Porto Ve lho and JiParana areas. L. calcarata (the second species recorded by M a r t i n s ef al.) is known f r o m eastern Peru and Bolivia and the western Amazon of Brazil. L triacantha has been recorded f r o m central Colombia, eastern
Peru, and the northern part of the Amazon Basin of Brazil•
Three species in the infraspinosa series and one in the monstruosa series of the sub genus Evandromya (Map 10) are recorded for Rondonia. M a r l i n s ef al. (1965, 1978) record L. cerqueirai f r o m GuajaraMirim and L. infras pinosa f r o m the Porto Velho area. W e didn't collect either of these species during the study, but w e did find both sexes of a sand fly w h i c h
M a p * 4 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lut zomyia, speciesgroup gasparviannai, from the state of
Rondonia.
Map. 5 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lut zomyia, speciesgroup migonei, from the state of Ron
donia.
approximates L infraspinosa and L. begonae. We have decided to treat this species at a later date, and to avoid confusion w i t h L. in fraspinosa w i l l call it L. "begonaeUke". W e have found this "begonaelike" sand fly all the way up to the Manaus area in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. L. cerqueirai is an Amazonian species, w h i l e L. infraspinosa has been re corded f r o m French Guyana, Suriname, and the Brazilian A m a z o n . In the monstruosa series of this subgenus, L monstruosa has been found in Porto Velho and GuajaraMirim in the state of Rondonia, its f u l l known d i s t r i b u t i o n being f r o m French Guyana and most of the Brazilian Amazon Basin.
Both of t h e species in the subgenus Viannamyia (Map 11) w h i c h have been re corded for Rondonia, L. furcata and L. tubercu lata, are w i d e l y distributed in the t e r r i t o r y . Their known geographical d i s t r i b u t i o n r a n g . s f r o m Central America to northern Brazil.
The shannoni group of sand flies (Map 12) is represented by seven species in Rondonia. L. dendrophila was t h e only species that was collected at all localities studied L. abbonenci.
Map. 6 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lut zomyia, speciesgroup saulensis, from the state of Ron
dônia.
c o l l e c t i o n s ) . L. campbelli, L. dasymera and L lutziana appear to be more r e s t r i c t e d in their distribution in Rondonia, only hsving been
taken in one or t w o collecting s i t e s . Table 2 shows that there w e r e over 1000 females in the "shannoni" group w h i c h w e r e collected These were not separated to species due t o the difficulty of separating females of L. abon nenci, L. dendrophila, L. scalfi, and L. shannoni. The females of the other species in this group could be, and were separated. L. shannoni has one of the greatest ranges of distribution of New W o r l d species, having been recorded f r o m the United States south to A r g e n t i n a . L. ubonnenci has a geographical distribution f r o m Central America t o Brazil; L. dasymera f r o m Mexico to Colombia (this c i t a t i o n being a new country r e c o r d ) ; the other species in this group occur w i t h i n the Amazon Basin of Brazil and some of the neighboring c o u n t r i e s .
Longispina species group (Map 13) females are also indistinguishable and w e have grouped all 247 specimens c o l l e c t e d into one g r o u p . The species in this group w h i c h are repre sented in Rondonia (as seen f r o m the males) are L. rondonfbnsis and L. dasipodogeton, w h i c h are distributed throughout the state, and L. lon
gispina, w h i c h was only taken on t h e w e s t
bank of the Madeira River near Porto V e l h o . The known distribution of L. dasipodogeton and L. rondoniensis is r e s t r i c t e d t o Rondonia, w h i l e L. longispina had been taken f r o m Colombia, Venezuela and much of Brazil
Map. 7 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lut zomyia, speciesgroup verrucarum, from the state of
Rondonia.
Four species are recorded for Ftondonia from the aragaoi species group (Map 1 4 ) . L. aragaoi and L coutinhoi in the aragaoi series and L. brasiliensis and L. runoides in the brasi liensis s e r i e s . L. aragaoi is w i d e l y distributed
Map. 9 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lut zomyia, subgenus Pressatia, from the state of Rondonia.
M a p .9
1 0 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia, subgenus Evandromyia, from the state of
Rondonia.
Map. 11 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia, subgenus Viannamyia, from the state of Ron
donia.
throughout the state, w h i l e the other species have only been taken f r o m the GuajaraMirim and Porto Velho areas. L. aragaoi ranges f r o m Panama to Paraguay; L. runoides from Costa Rica to Brazil and the other t w o species are more r e s t r i c t e d in t h e i r d i s t r i b u t i o n t o the northern Amazon Basin of Brazil, even though L. brasiliensis can also be found throughout southern Brazil.
Only L. dreisbachi of the dreisbachi species group (Map 15) was taken in t w o collecting
sites near the Porto Velho area. This is an Amazonian species, k n o w n f r o m Colombia. Brazil and French Guyana.
Sand flies in the subgenus Nyssomyia (Map 17) were represented by eight s p s c i s s . Most of these species are Amazonian in distri
Map. 12 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus lutzomyia, speciesgioup shannoni, from the state of
Rondonia.
Map. 13 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia, speciesgroup longispina, from the state of
Rondonia.
Map. 14 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia, speciesgroup aragaoi, from the state of
Rondonia.
bution, and some extend into southern Brazil and neighboring countries, L. anduzei as far north as Costa Rica, and L. whitmani as far south as Argentina L. anduzei, L. umbratilis and L. yuilli are t h e m o s t w i d e l y distributed species in this subgenus in Rondonia L. antu nesi and L. flaviscutellata were tr.ken fre quently while L. whitmani and L. richardwardi were not frequently f o u n d . W e did not collect
i inornata; tnis species being reported by Martins et al. (1965, 1978) f r o m GuajaraMirim.
In the series cavennensis (Map 18) of the species group of the same name, only L. mi cropyga has been reported f r o m Rondonia, and that was by Martins et al. (1965, 1978) . W e did not take this sand fly species in our c o l l e c t i o n s . Its known distribution ranges f r o m Panama south to Mato Grosso state in Brazil, and into B o l i v i a .
group, was taken in l i m i t e d numbers f r o m the Ariquemes area. This species has previously been recorded f r o m Colombia, French Guiana and northernmost Brazil.
Lutzomyia pilosa (Map 2 0 ) , the only species collected f r o m the pilosa group was only taken at eight locations around the Porto Velho area, on both sides of the r i v e r . This sand f l y is w i d e l y distributed f r o m Costa Rica south through Colombia to the northern part of t h e Brazilian A m a z o n .
Four species of sand f l i e s , w h i c h have not yet been placed in any group, have been taken in Rondonia (Map 2 1 ) . L. caligata ( w h i c h Mar tins ef al. (1978) placed in the amarali g r o u p ) , /.. nordestina, and L. servulolimai were re corded by M a r t i n s e i al. (1965, 1978), and w e found one other species w h i c h appears near L. nordestina, yet may not be t h i s s p e c i e s . This L. sp. (near nordestina) was taken f r o m Porto Velho to V i l h e n a . We did not take t h e other species referred t r j on t h i s map. L. cali gata is found )nly f r o m GuajaraMirim; L. nor destina being reported f r o m Panama t o southern Brazil, and L. servulolimai is known f r o m Peru eastward t o Para state in Brazil
Map." 15 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia, speciesgroup dreisbachi, from the state of
Rondonia.
Map. 16 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia, subgenus Trichophoromyia, from the state of
Rondonia.
Map. 17 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia, subgenus Nyssomyia, from the state of Ron
Genus Psychodopygus
A t present there exists some controversy in the generic status of New W o r l d sand f l i e s , and many authors do not consider Psychodopy gus a valid genus, but rather a subgenus In the genus Lutzomyia. W e have chosen, based on existing evidence and arguments, t o consider
Map. 18 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia, speciesgroup cayennensis, from the state of
Rondonia.
Map. 19 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia, speciesgroup oswaldoi, from the state of
Rondonia.
Map. 20 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia, speciesgroup pilosa, from the state of
Rondonia.
this as a valid genus until general agreemsnt is reached by specialists, as t o level of recog n i t i o n .
W e took f i v e species of the chagasi series in the genus Psychodopygus (Map. 2 2 ) . P. lain soni was the only species in this series that was not w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d , only having been taken on the w e s t e r n bank of the Madeira River, across the river f r o m Porto V e l h o . The other species in this series w e r e taken f r o m Porto Velho to Vilhena; however, their frequen
cy of capture varied f r o m locality to l o c a l i t y . P. com plexus was taken together w i t h P. cha gasi; therefore only the males are recorded in Table 1 . The females of these t w o s p : c i e s
L i i l i o m i m n o f d n l m o l_l m l t o i i m o "norotllmo" li>«
Map. 21 — Distribution of ungrouped sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia from the state of Rondonia.
sis, hnd was only known f r o m the male f r o m French Guyana. P. guyanensis has been re ported f r o m Belize (British Honduras) to the Amazon Basin of Brazil. P. lainsoni had only previously bee ! reported f r o m the type locality in Para state, Brazil
The series panamensis (Map. 23) in t h e genus Psychodopygus is represented in Rondo ^ a by ten species, t w o of w h i c h w e feel are new, yet w i l l treat separately because they require more .study. These have been referred io on the maps as P. sp. N1
? 1, w h i c h is closely related to P. davisi; and P. s p . N<? 2, w h i c h is closely related to P. carrerai • Both of these species w e r e found f r o m Porto Velho t o Ji Parana. P. amazonensis (as recently defined
by Fraiha ef a/., 1980) was taken in all lo calities, except Vilhena The known distribution of this species is that of the Amazon Basin. P. ayrozai (as defined by Young, 1980) and w h i c h has a range from Panama to southern Brazil, is w i d e l y distributed throughout the s t a t e . P. carrerai, P. davisi, P. paraensis, and P. hirsutus w e r e taken throughout the t e r r i t o r y and most of these have the same general distribution throughout t h e Amazon Basin, yet
^1 P ^ v c h o d o p v . ' H c o r o a a o p i o r n n P i v r h o d o p y f l u * l nsoni
Map. 22 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Psychodopygus, series I agasi, from the state of Ron
donia.
0 P»YCIiod«p»OU» o i r o i o l P l . c h o a o o . Q u l HonoliT.Qrt.rni
H P i t c h o d o p . a u t c o r r t i o i CD '•««chodopiou» PQ'OtfUit
U Pivcnodoptguj cinuHrpI £3 P»YCI>odoPYdut 10. * J_
Map. 23 — Distribution of sand flies in the genus Psychodopygus, series panamensis, from the state of
TABLE 2 — Sand Flies captured in Rondonia, Brazil, separated by sex
Species males females total
Lutzomyia abonnenci 33
.
33L. anduzei 44 267 311
L. antunesi 1079 1529 2603
L. aragaoi 42 50 92
L. bacula 1 — 1
L. "begonae" like 4 66 70
L. campbelli 1 — 1
L. damascenoi 3 — 3
L. dasymera — 1 1
L. dasypodogeton 109 109
L. dendrophila 538 —• 538
L. dreisbachi 2
—
2L. evangelistai 2 — 2
L. flabellata 15 — 15
L. flaviscutellata 32 82 114
L. flochi 2 —• 2
L. furcata 15 28 43
L. gomezi
—
4 4L. longispina 7 —• 7
L. loretonensis 85 85
L. lutziana — 1 1
L. marinkellei 1 — 1
L. monstruosa — 3 3
L. nevesi — 8 8
L. "nordestina" like 3 10 13
L. octavioi 41 —• 41
L. odax 1 — 1
L. pilosa 1 7 8
L. richardwardi — 1 1
L. rondoniensis 62 —• 62
L. rorotaensis 8 8 16
L. runoides 23 8 31
L. saulensis 5 33 38
L. scaffi 85 —* 34
P. davisi can also be found throughout southern Brazil. P. Ilanosmartinsi was found more frequently in Vilhena and not at all in t h e Porto Velho region, and only one specimen was taken in A r i q u e m e s . The previous known distribution of this species was t h e t y p e lo cality in Peru; thus, t h i s also is a new country record. P. claustrei, also of Amazonian distri
bution, was taken f r o m Porto Velho t o Ariquemes, not having been found in JiParana or Vilhena
Recently Abonnenc er al. (1980) described P robini, yet f r o m Fraiha et al. (1980) papers,
Young (personal c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) , and our
Species males females total
L. sericea 4 — 4
L. serrana — 8 8
L. shannoni 244
—'
244L. sherlocki 4 — 4
L. spinosa IS 8 26
L. triacantha — 3 3
L. trinidadensis 33 7 4!'
L. tuberculata 4 68 72
L. ubiquitalis 129 131 260
L. umbratiiis 55 366 421
L. whitmani — 4 4
L. vuilsoni 15
—
15L yuilli 107 1925 2332
L. (Longispina) sp. —• 247 247
L. (Shannoni) sp. — • 1079 1079
L. (Trichophoromyia) sp. —" 387 387 Psychodopygus amazonensis 9 18 27
P. ayrozai 260 1181 1441
P. carrerai 28 671 699
P. chagasi 114 —' 114
P. claustrei 28 90 118
P. complexus 9 « 9
P. corossoniensis 15 184 199
P. davisi 312 1233 154G
P. guyanensis 14 112 126
P. hirsutus 20 205 225
P. lainsoni 2 5 7
P. Ilanosmartinsi 4 64 58
P. paraensis 7 432 439
P. sp. 1 88 90 178
P. sp. 2 15 72 87
P. (Chagasi) sp. • 641 541
Total 4081 11337 15418
independent observations, w e have concluded that t h i s species is synonomous w i t h P. ama zonensis .
D I S C U S S I O N
M a r t i n s et al. (1965, 1978) cite 42 species f r o m Rondonia, of w h i c h w e c o l l e c t e d only 26 s p e c i e s . W e c o l l e c t e d 36 further species which were not previously reported f r o m Rondonia, bringing the total known sand fly fauna of the state to 78 s p e c i e s .
is undoubtedly due t ? the collecting methods. Sand f l i e s in the genus Psychodopygus are rarely taken on natural resting s i t e s or animal burrows, w h i c h w a s the principal methodology
they u s e d . Our study, in addition t o utilizing t r e e base captures, also utilized CDC miniature
light traps, and manbiting captures (*) . These last t w o capturing techniques yield many sand f l i e s in this g e n u s .
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
W e w o u l d like to thank M r . A r t κ m i o Coe lho da Silva for the artistic help, and M r . Joăo Ferreira Vidal, M r . Raimundo Nonato Lima Santos for t h e i r field help, and Secretaria de Administraηăo of the old Federal Territory of Rondonia f o r their support, and S U C A M teams for their logistical h e l p .
R E S U M O
Este trabalho expande o conhecimento da distri buiçăo geográfica da fauna flebotômica do Estado de Rondυnia, Brasil. Ncvos registros de espιcies para o Estado e o Paνs săo apresentados, levantando o total de 78 espιcies conhecidas em Rondυnia.
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FRAIHA, H.; W A R D . R.D.; QUINTANA, J.
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(Aceito para publicaçăo em 08/02/82)
