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(1)artigo o;ǣ A REPÚBLICA DA TURQUIA EM TRÊS TEMPOS o;ǣ THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY IN THREE TIMES. Resumo:•–‡ƒ”–‹‰‘’”‘’Ù‡”‡˜‹• ‘Š‹•–×”‹ ƒ†ƒ ‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒ†ƒ—”“—‹ƒǡ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‹†ƒ‡ͳͻʹ͵Ǥ”ƒ–ƒ ‹‹ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡ †‘• ƒ‘• ˆ‘”ƒ†‘”‡• †‡ –ƒ–ò”ǡ ƒ’”‡•‡–ƒ ƒ ‘’Ž‡š‹†ƒ†‡ †‘ ’‡”À‘†‘ “—‡ ˜ƒ‹ †‡ ͳͻ͵ͺ ƒ ʹͲͲʹ ‡ ‘• ˜ž”‹‘• ‰‘Ž’‡• ‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡• “—‡ ‡– ‘ ‘ ‘””‡”ƒǡ ˆ‘ ƒ†‘ǡ ’‘” ϐ‹ǡ ‘ ’‡”À‘†‘ †‡ †‘À‹‘ †‘ ’ƒ”–‹†‘ ǡ –‡†‘ ‡ ‡’ ƒ››‹’ ”†‘ºƒ ‘‘ ’”‹‡‹”‘Ǧ‹‹•–”‘ ‡ †‡’‘‹• ‘‘ presidente.. ‘‹“—‡‘ Šƒ œ‡™•‹12. Abstract: Š‡ ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ’”‘’‘•‡• ƒ Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’—„Ž‹  ‘ˆ —”‡›ǡ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ ͳͻʹ͵Ǥ

(2) – †‡ƒŽ• ‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ› ™‹–Š –Š‡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ›‡ƒ”• ‘ˆ –ƒ–ò”ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ’”‡•‡–• –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡š‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‡”‹‘† ˆ”‘ ͳͻ͵ͺ –‘ ʹͲͲʹ ƒ† –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‹Ž‹–ƒ”› ‘—’• that then occurred. At the end, the focus is on the ’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ†‘‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–›ǡ™‹–Š‡ ‡’ ƒ››‹’”†‘ºƒƒ•’”‹‡‹‹•–‡”ƒ†ǡƒˆ–‡”™ƒ”†•ǡ as president.. Palavras-chaveǣ ‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒ †ƒ —”“—‹ƒǢ —•–ƒˆž Key-words: ‡’—„Ž‹  ‘ˆ —”‡›Ǣ Mustafá Kemal ‡ƒŽ –ƒ–ò”Ǣ ‡ ‡’ ƒ››‹’ ”†‘ºƒǢ

(3) •Ž Ǣ

(4) •Ž  –ƒ–ò”Ǣ ‡ ‡’ ƒ››‹’ ”†‘ºƒǢ

(5) •ŽƒǢ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ

(6) •ŽƒǤ ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ‘Ǥ. Introdução ƒ’‘–‡Ǥ••ƒ±“—ƒ•‡“—‡ƒ‹‡†‹ƒ–ƒ‹ƒ‰‡“—‡‘•–—” ‘•‡˜‘ ƒ’ƒ”ƒˆƒŽƒ” †‡•‡—’ƒÀ•ƒ–—ƒŽǤ ‘”ƒ”‘ ‹–ƒƒ•’‘–‡•“—‡Ž‹‰ƒƒ•’‘”­Ù‡•‡—”‘’‡‹ƒ‡ƒ•‹ž–‹ ƒ†‡

(7) •–ƒ„—Ž ‘‘•À„‘Ž‘•†‡ˆƒ–‘†‘“—‡•‡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒǣ—ƒ’‘–‡‡–”‡‘ ‹†‡–‡‡‘ ”‹‡–‡ǡŠ‹•–‘”‹ ƒ‡–‡‡–”‡‘”‹•–‹ƒ‹•‘‡‘

(8) •Ž ‡‡–”‡’”‘†—–‘”‡•‡ ‘•—‹†‘”‡• †‡’‡–”׎‡‘Ǥ‘•‹‘•–‡’‘•ǡ–‘”‘—Ǧ•‡–ƒ„±—ƒ’‘–‡ȋ‘———”‘Ȍ’ƒ”ƒ—‹–‘• ”‡ˆ—‰‹ƒ†‘••À”‹‘•‡”‘–ƒ’ƒ”ƒƒ—”‘’ƒǤ—”“—‹ƒ†‡ϐ‹‹–‹˜ƒ‡–‡±—’ƒÀ• ‘”‡Žƒ­Ù‡• históricas, étnicas, culturais e religiosas com diferentes partes do tabuleiro global. E os –—” ‘• †‡ Š‘Œ‡ǡ ‡•‘ •‘„ ‘ ‹’ƒ –‘ †ƒ ‘””‡–‡ ”‹•‡ ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒǡ –ƒ„± •‡ ‡–‡†‡ †‡ƒ‡‹”ƒ’Ž—”ƒŽǤƒ”ƒƒŽ‰—•ǡ• ‘ ‘•‘’‘Ž‹–ƒ•‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‹œƒ†‘•Ǥƒ”ƒ‘—–”‘•ǡ• ‘ ‘• ‡†‡• ‘ϐ‹ƒ†‘•ǡƒˆ‡‹–‘•ƒ‘Ž‡ƒDz‘‡ŽŠ‘”ƒ‹‰‘†‡—–—” ‘±‘—–”‘–—” ‘dzǤ žƒ‹†ƒ‘• “—‡•‡‡–‡†‡ ‘‘•‡†‘Œ—•–ƒ‡–‡‘‡‹‘†‘ ƒ‹Š‘ǣ—ƒ•À–‡•‡‡–”‡—”‘’ƒ ‡•‹ƒǡ—‡Ž‘‡–”‡ƒ• ‹˜‹Ž‹œƒ­Ù‡•͵ǤƒŽ˜‡œƒ‹ƒ‰‡†‡— ƒŽ‡‹†‘• ג‹‘ǡ’”‘’‘•–ƒ’‡Žƒ.  ‘‹“—‡ ‘ Šƒ œ‡™•‹ ± †‘—–‘”ƒ ‡ ‹•–×”‹ƒǡ ‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ ‡ ‡• —Ž–—”ƒ‹• ’‡Ž‘ ‡–”‘ †‡ ‡•“—‹•ƒ ‡ ‘ —‡–ƒ­ ‘ †‡ ‹•–×”‹ƒ ‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡ƒ †‘ ”ƒ•‹Ž †ƒ —†ƒ­ ‘ ‡–—Ž‹‘ ƒ”‰ƒ• ȋǦ Ȍ ‡ ƒ—–‘”ƒ do livro Do Rio de Janeiro a Istambul: contrastes e conexões entre o Brasil e o Império Otomano (1850-1919), ’—„Ž‹ ƒ†‘ ‡ ʹͲͳ͹Ǥ 

(9) 

(10) ǣ Š––’•ǣȀȀ‘” ‹†Ǥ‘”‰ȀͲͲͲͲǦͲͲͲ͵Ǧ͵͹ͷͺǦ͸ʹͷͷǤ ‹ ’ƒ”ƒ ‘ —””À —Ž‘ ƒ––‡•ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀŽƒ––‡•Ǥ ’“Ǥ„”ȀͲ͵͵ͲͻͶͲͶͲʹͶͲͷ͸Ͷ͸Ǥ‘–ƒ–‘ǣ‘‹“—‡•‰‘Ž†ˆ‡Ž†̷‰ƒ‹ŽǤ ‘ 2*   ƒ—–‘”ƒ ƒ‰”ƒ†‡ ‡ ‘• ‘‡–ž”‹‘• ‡ •—‰‡•–Ù‡• ˆ‡‹–‘• ƒ‘ –‡š–‘ ’‘” ”‹‡Ž ‘œžŽ‡œ ‡˜ƒ‰‰‹ǡ ’‡•“—‹•ƒ†‘” †ƒ‘­‹˜‡”•‹–›ȋ

(11) •–ƒ„—ŽȌ‡ƒ‘ƒ’‘‹‘ƒ’‡•“—‹•ƒ’‘”’ƒ”–‡†ƒ‡šǦƒŽ—ƒ†ƒוǦ ”ƒ†—ƒ­ ‘‡‡Žƒ­Ù‡•

(12) –‡”ƒ ‹‘ƒ‹•†ƒǦ‹‘ǡ— ‹ƒ”‹ƒ•Ǥ ͵   ‘ ’‘” ƒ ƒ•‘ ƒ —”“—‹ƒ ± ‘’ƒ–”‘ ‹ƒ†‘”ƒ †ƒ ‹‹ ‹ƒ–‹˜ƒ †ƒ Ž‹ƒ­ƒ †ƒ• ‹˜‹Ž‹œƒ­Ù‡•ǡ ‘ Ÿ„‹–‘ †ƒ ”‰ƒ‹œƒ­ ‘†ƒ•ƒ­Ù‡•‹†ƒ•ǡ†‡•†‡•‡—‹À ‹‘ǡ‡ʹͲͲͶǤ‡”ǣδŠ––’•ǣȀȀ„‹–ǤŽ›Ȁʹ–͹– œεǤ ‡••‘‡Ͷƒ”Ǥ 1. 70. MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018.

(13) artigo diplomata sueca Ann Dismorr em seu livro Turkey decodedȋʹͲͲͶȌǡ•‡Œƒƒ“—‡ˆƒ­ƒƒ‹• •‡–‹†‘’ƒ”ƒ’‡•ƒ”‘•‘•–—” ‘•‡•‡—•—‹–‘•ƒ–‹œ‡•Ǥ. ‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒ†ƒ—”“—‹ƒ†‡ˆƒ–‘•‡”‡Žƒ ‹‘ƒ ‘‡ƒ–±‡•‘‹–‡‰”ƒ’‡Ž‘‡‘• –”²•†‹ˆ‡”‡–‡•”‡‰‹Ù‡•Ǥ—ƒ ‘‡š ‘ ‘‘”‹‡–‡±†‹‘ǡ’‘”‡š‡’Ž‘ǡ•‡†‡˜‡ƒ‘•ˆƒ–‘• †‡ –‡” •‹†‘ ï Ž‡‘ †—”‘ †‘

(14) ’±”‹‘ –‘ƒ‘ ȋͳʹͻͻǦͳͻʹʹȌǡ“—‡ ‰‘˜‡”‘— „‘ƒ ’ƒ”–‡ †ƒ ”‡‰‹ ‘ †‡•†‡ ‘ •± —Ž‘ 

(15) Ǣ †‡ ͻͻΨ †‡ •—ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘ ’”‘ˆ‡••ƒ” ‘

(16) •Ž Ǣ ‡ †‡ ‘–ƒ” ‘ Ž‘‰ƒ•ˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ• ‘

(17) ” ǡ

(18) ”ƒ“—‡‡À”‹ƒǤ‘”ƒ„”ƒ‰‡”–‡””‹–×”‹‘•ƒ—”‘’ƒȂ‹ Ž—•‹˜‡ƒ ’ƒ”–‡ƒ‹•’—Ž•ƒ–‡†‡

(19) •–ƒ„—Žǡ•—ƒƒ‹•ˆƒ‘•ƒ ‹†ƒ†‡ȂǢ–‡”—‹‹•–±”‹‘†ƒ‹ ‘ —”‘’‡‹ƒ“—‡Ž‹†ƒ ‘•—ƒ†‡ƒ†ƒ’ƒ”ƒ–‘”ƒ”Ǧ•‡‡„”‘†‡•–ƒǢ‡ ‘‡šÙ‡•’”‘ˆ—†ƒ• ‘‘•žŽ  •ǡ ‘Šž ‘‘ ‘Ž‡˜ƒ”‡ ‘–ƒ•—ƒ”‡Ž‡˜Ÿ ‹ƒ’ƒ”ƒ‘‡ŽŠ‘‘–‹‡–‡Ǥ Ž± †‹••‘ǡ Šž —ƒ †‹‡• ‘ Dz–—‹ ƒdz ‡ ‡—”‘ƒ•‹ž–‹ ƒ ‡ ˆ—­ ‘ †‡ ‘‡šÙ‡• ±–‹ ƒ• ‡ ‹–‡”‡••‡• ‡‡”‰±–‹ ‘• ‘ ƒœ‡”„ƒ‹Œƒ‡•‡•ǡ ƒœƒ“—‹•–ƒ‡•‡• ‡ —œ„‡“—‹•–ƒ‡•‡•ǡ ‡–”‡ ‘—–”‘•ǡ‡’‘†‡ƒ‹†ƒ•‡”‡–‡†‹†ƒ‘ ‘–‡š–‘’‘ŽÀ–‹ ‘†‘ž— ƒ•‘†‘—Ž‡†ƒ•‹ƒ‡–”ƒŽǤ. ‘ Ÿ„‹–‘ †‡•–‡ –‡š–‘ǡ ‘ ‹–‡”‡••‡ ± ”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ” ƒ ‘’Ž‡š‹†ƒ†‡ †‡ ”‡Žƒ­Ù‡• †ƒ —”“—‹ƒǡ–‡†‘‡˜‹•–ƒ•‡—’ƒ••ƒ†‘”‡ ‡–‡ ‘‘—ƒ”‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒǡ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‹†ƒ‡ͳͻʹ͵Ǥ A abordagem, para tanto, é histórica, lançando mão de uma grande revisão da literatura ”‡ˆ‡”‡†ƒ†ƒ •‘„”‡ ƒ ‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒ †ƒ —”“—‹ƒǡ ‘ ‡˜‡–—ƒŽ ’‡•“—‹•ƒ ‡’À”‹ ƒ ƒ ϐ‹ †‡ ‹Ž—•–”žǦŽƒ ‘‡š‡’Ž‘•Ǥ. ƒ”–‹‰‘†‹˜‹†‡Ǧ•‡ƒ••‹‡–”²•’ƒ”–‡•ǡ ƒ†ƒ“—ƒŽ‹–‡”‡••ƒ†ƒ‡”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ”ƒ•’‡ –‘• ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ‘•Ȃ‹–‡”‘•‡‡š–‡”‘•Ȃǡ•‘ ‹ƒ‹•‡‡ ‘Ø‹ ‘•†‘’ƒÀ•Ǥ’”‹‡‹”ƒ†‡Žƒ•–”ƒ–ƒ†ƒ ˆƒ•‡ ‹‹ ‹ƒŽ †ƒ ”‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒǡ “—ƒ†‘ ‡•–ƒ ˆ‘‹ ‰‘˜‡”ƒ†ƒ ’‘” —•–ƒˆž ‡ƒŽ –ƒ–ò” ȋͳͻʹ͵Ǧ ͳͻ͵ͺȌǤ•‡‰—†‘–×’‹ ‘†‡†‹ ƒǦ•‡±’‘ ƒ“—‡˜ƒ‹†ƒ‘”–‡†‡–ƒ–ò”‡Ž‡‹­ ‘†‘ƒ”–‹†‘ Justiça e Desenvolvimento (†ƒŽ‡–˜‡ƒŽÇƒƒ”–‹•‹, AKP), tratando, portanto, do longo ’‡”À‘†‘ “—‡ ˜ƒ‹ †‡ ͳͻ͵ͺ ƒ ʹͲͲʹǤ ž ‘ –‡” ‡‹”‘ ‡ ‹‘ –×’‹ ‘ †‡†‹ ƒǦ•‡ ƒ‘ ‰‘˜‡”‘ †‘ ǡ‹‹ ‹ƒ†‘‡ʹͲͲʹǡˆ‘ ƒ†‘Ǧ•‡’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ‡–‡ƒƒ–—ƒ­ ‘†‡‡ ‡’ƒ››‹’”†‘ºƒǡ –ƒ–‘ ‘‘’”‹‡‹”‘Ǧ‹‹•–”‘ȋʹͲͲ͵ǦʹͲͳͶȌ“—ƒ–‘ ‘‘’”‡•‹†‡–‡ǡ Š‡‰ƒ†‘ƒ‘•†‹ƒ• ƒ–—ƒ‹•ǡ‡“—‡Œ—•–ƒ‡–‡•‡†‹• —–‡—ƒ‘˜ƒ ‘ϐ‹‰—”ƒ­ ‘’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ†‘’ƒÀ•’‘” ‘–ƒ†ƒ —†ƒ­ƒ†‡”‡‰‹‡’‘ŽÀ–‹ ‘‡”‡ˆ‡”‡†‘”‡ ‡–‡Ǥ. –‡š–‘ ‘’Ù‡Ǧ•‡ǡ’‘”–ƒ–‘ǡ ‘‘—‰”ƒ†‡˜‘‘†‡’ž••ƒ”‘•‘„”‡—’ƒÀ•“—‡ ƒ†ƒ ˜‡œƒ‹•ƒ–”ƒ‹ƒƒ–‡­ ‘†‡ƒ ƒ†²‹ ‘•„”ƒ•‹Ž‡‹”‘•‡Žƒ–‹‘Ǧƒ‡”‹ ƒ‘•ǡ•‡Œƒ‡ˆ—­ ‘†ƒ• ‘‡šÙ‡•‡–”‡‘•”‡•’‡ –‹˜‘•’ƒÀ•‡•ǡ ‘‘–ƒ„±’‡Žƒ•—‹–ƒ• ‘’ƒ”ƒ­Ù‡•’‘••À˜‡‹•4.. ‹ ‘Ž‡ ‡ —‰Š ‘’‡ǡ Œ‘”ƒŽ‹•–ƒ• ‡—”‘’‡—• ƒ–‡”‹‘”‡–‡ ”‡•‹†‡–‡• ‡

(20) •–ƒ„—Žǡ †‡•–ƒ ƒ “—‡ ‘ Ž—‰ƒ” †‡ ‡• ‘ŽŠ‡” ’ƒ”–‹†‘• ‡ ˆ—­ ‘ †‡ •—ƒ• ‹†‡‹ƒ• ‡ ’”‹ À’‹‘•ǡ ‘• –—” ‘•‡Ž‡‰‡ŽÀ†‡”‡•ǡ†‡ƒŽ‰—ƒˆ‘”ƒ„—• ƒ†‘ƒŽ‰—± ‘ƒ‡•–ƒ–—”ƒ†‡—•‡‰—†‘ –ƒ–ò” ȋǢ ǡ ʹͲͲͶǡ ’Ǥ ͸ͷȌǤ ‘ ƒ˜ƒ­ƒ” ’‘” ‹ˆ‘”ƒ­Ù‡• •‘„”‡ —†ƒ­ƒ •‘ ‹ƒŽǡ †‡ƒ†ƒ ’‘” ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ­ ‘ ’‘’—Žƒ” ƒ ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ ‡ ‘ϐŽ‹–‘ ‡–”‡ ‡Ž‹–‡•ǡ ‘• †‡’ƒ”ƒ‘•ǡ. ʹͲͳ͹Ǥ 4 ‡••‡”‡•’‡‹–‘ǡ˜‡”ǡ‡‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽǡ ƒ’À–—Ž‘•‡• ”‹–‘•’‘””‹‡Ž ‘œžŽ‡œ‡˜ƒ‰‰‹ǡŽ‡ƒƒœƒ”‘—‡‹Žƒƒ ƒ• ‹‡–‘ǡ —‹ŽŠ‡”‡ƒ•ƒ”Ù‡•ǡ‹Žòˆ‡”ƒ”ŽÇ‡‡‘ƒ”†‘‡Ž‹”‡˜‹•ƒ›‡Turquía-América Latina y el Caribe. Una asociación emergenteȋ.

(21) Ǣ ǡʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ ž‘“—‡†‹œ”‡•’‡‹–‘ƒ‘‹–‡”‡••‡ ”‡• ‡–‡ †‡ƒ ƒ†²‹ ‘•–—” ‘•’‡Ž‘”ƒ•‹Žǡ˜ƒŽ‡ ‘ˆ‡”‹”ƒ–‡•‡†‡†‘—–‘”ƒ†‘†‡ˆ‡†‹†ƒ‡ʹͲͳ͸’‘”‡‰ŸŠ‡‹ǡƒ ‡Ž­—o‹˜‡”•‹–‡•‹ȋ”‡œ‹Ž‹ƒƲÇ‹ç‘Ž‹–‹ƒ•Çǣ ‡Ž‡‡˜‡‡º‹ç‹). MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018. 71.

(22) artigo •‘„”‡–—†‘ǡ ‘‘ ‘–”ƒ’‘–‘‡–”‡Ž‹†‡”ƒ­ƒ•ˆ‘”–‡•ǡ ‘‘•‡•×‡•–ƒ•ˆ‘••‡ ƒ’ƒœ‡• †‡ ‡ˆ”‡–ƒ” ‘• —‹–‘• †‡•ƒϐ‹‘• †ƒ ƒ­ ‘Ǥ  ’”‹‡‹”‘ †‡••‡• ŽÀ†‡”‡• ˆ‘”Œ‘— — •–ƒ†‘ •‡ —Žƒ”‡‘ ‹†‡–ƒŽ‹œƒ†‘ǡ‡•‘“—‡ ‘’‘•–‘’‘”ͻͻΨ†‡—­—Žƒ‘•Ǥ ž‘•‡‰—†‘ †‡Ž‡• ‡•„‘­ƒ —ƒ ‘˜ƒ ‡–‹†ƒ†‡ ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ “—‡ ‹‹ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡ •‡ ƒ’”‡•‡–ƒ˜ƒ ƒ‹• ‘‘ Dz†‡‘ ”ž–‹ ƒ ‘•‡”˜ƒ†‘”ƒdz†‘“—‡‹•Žƒ‹•–ƒǡƒ•“—‡‘•‹‘•–‡’‘••‡ƒˆƒ•–ƒ†ƒ• ”‡‰”ƒ•†‡‘ ”ž–‹ ƒ•ǡ‡•–‡†‡†‘’‘”Ž‘‰‘•’‡”À‘†‘•Ž‡‹•†‡‡š ‡­ ‘Ǥ ͳǤ’‡”À‘†‘†‡–ƒ–ò”ȋͳͻʹ͵Ǧͳͻ͵ͺȌ. ‘Ž‘‰‘†‘•± —Ž‘

(23) ǡƒ‡˜‹†‡–‡ˆ”ƒ“—‡œƒ‘–‘ƒƒ†‹ƒ–‡†ƒ•’‘–² ‹ƒ•‘ ‹†‡–ƒ‹• ‡”ƒ ‘Š‡ ‹†ƒ ‘‘ƒDz“—‡•– ‘†‘”‹‡–‡dzǣƒ“—‡•– ‘†‡“—‡—ƒ˜‡œ“—‡ƒ†‹••‘Ž—­ ‘†‘

(24) ’±”‹‘–‘ƒ‘’ƒ”‡ ‹ƒ‹‹‡–‡ǡƒ•’‘–² ‹ƒ•‡—”‘’‡‹ƒ•†‡˜‡”‹ƒ•ƒŽ˜ƒ‰—ƒ”†ƒ”•‡—• ‹–‡”‡••‡•‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡•ǡ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ ‘•‡ ‘‡” ‹ƒ‹•‡••‡•†‘À‹‘•Ǥ‹ƒƒ’‘•–‘—‘•‡— †‡ ŽÀ‹‘ǡ‡ƒ ” Ǧ”‡–ƒŠƒ•‡‡’‡Š‘—‡•—ƒ’”‡•‡”˜ƒ­ ‘ƒϐ‹†‡ƒ–‡”‘‡“—‹ŽÀ„”‹‘ †‡’‘†‡”Ǥ–”‹„—‹Ǧ•‡ƒ‘ œƒ””—••‘‹ ‘Žƒ—

(25) ȋ“—‡”‡‹‘—‡–”‡ͳͺʹͷ‡ͳͺͷͷȌ‘ƒ’‡Ž‹†‘†‡ Dz†‘‡–‡ †ƒ —”‘’ƒdz ‡ ˆ—­ ‘ †‡••ƒ• †‹•’—–ƒ• •‘„”‡ ‘• Dz”‡•–‘•dz †‘

(26) ’±”‹‘ –‘ƒ‘Ǥ ‘–‘†ƒ•ƒ•†‹ϐ‹ —Ž†ƒ†‡•ǡ’‘”±ǡ‡•–‡”‡•‹•–‹—ƒ‘Ž‘‰‘†‘•± —Ž‘

(27) Ǥ. ‘ ‘‡­‘ †‘ •± —Ž‘  ƒ •‘„”‡˜‹˜² ‹ƒ ‘–‘ƒƒ Œž •‡ ‘•–”‘— ƒ‹• †‹ϐÀ ‹ŽǤ • ‰—‡””ƒ•‡ —”•‘†—”ƒ–‡‘‰‘˜‡”‘†‘• ‘˜‡•—” ‘•Ȃ ‘‘ƒ‰—‡””ƒ†ƒ”‹’‘Ž‹–Ÿ‹ƒ ‡ƒ•‰—‡””ƒ•†‘•žŽ  •Ȃ‡ˆ”ƒ“—‡ ‡”ƒǦ‘ƒ–ƒŽ’‘–‘“—‡ƒƒ–‹‰ƒDz’‡”‹ˆ‡”‹ƒdzž”ƒ„‡†‘

(28) ’±”‹‘–‘ƒ‘‡”ƒ”ƒ–‡ƒ†ƒ‡–”‡‹‰Ž‡•‡•‡ˆ”ƒ ‡•‡•’‡Ž‘ ‘”†‘›‡•Ǧ‹ ‘–ȋͳͻͳ͸Ȍ‡ǡ ‘‘ϐ‹†ƒ”‹‡‹”ƒ —‡””ƒ—†‹ƒŽǡƒ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‘–‘ƒƒǡ‘•–ƒ–‹‘’Žƒǡ•‡˜‹—‘ —’ƒ†ƒ ’‡Ž‘•Ž‹ƒ†‘•Ǥ‡•–ƒ˜ƒ•ƒ„‡”‘“—‡ƒ ‘–‡ ‡”‹ƒ ‘‘ï Ž‡‘ ‡–”ƒŽ†‘

(29) ’±”‹‘–‘ƒ‘ǡ ‡ƒϐ‹‰—”ƒ†‘‹Ž‹–ƒ”—•–ƒˆž‡ƒŽ•‡‘•–”‘—‡••‡ ‹ƒŽ‡••‡’‡”À‘†‘ǣ’”‹‡‹”ƒ‡–‡ ‘‘ ŽÀ†‡” †‘ ‘˜‹‡–‘ ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ —” ‘ǡ ‘ Ÿ„‹–‘ †ƒ Šƒƒ†ƒ —‡””ƒ †ƒ

(30) †‡’‡†² ‹ƒȋͳͻͳͻǦͳͻʹ͵Ȍǡ‡†‡’‘‹• ‘‘•‡—’”‹‡‹”‘’”‡•‹†‡–‡‡Žƒ­ƒ†‘”†ƒ•„ƒ•‡• †‘ •–ƒ†‘ –—” ‘ ȋͳͻʹ͵Ǧͳͻ͵ͺȌǤ 2 •‘„”‡ ‡••‡ ’‡”À‘†‘ ‡ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡ǡ •‘„”‡ ‡••ƒ ϐ‹‰—”ƒ “—‡–”ƒ–ƒ”‡‘•ƒ“—‹Ǥ ***. •‡‰‘ ‹ƒ­Ù‡•‘‹‡†‹ƒ–‘’וǦ”‹‡‹”ƒ —‡””ƒ—†‹ƒŽǡ ‘‘‘”‹•–À ‹‘†‡—†”‘• ‡‘”ƒ–ƒ†‘†‡°˜”‡•ǡ‹’—Šƒƒ‘•—Ž– ‘‡Š‡–

(31) ‡Š†‡––‹ȋ”ǤͳͻͳͺǦͳͻʹʹȌ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ•‡ Š—‹ŽŠƒ–‡•ƒŽ–‡”ƒ­Ù‡•‘†‡•‡Š‘†‘

(32) ’±”‹‘–‘ƒ‘Ǥ‘”‡•–‡–”ƒ–ƒ†‘ǡ†ƒ–ƒ†‘†‡ͳͻʹͲǡ •‡—–‡””‹–×”‹‘†‡˜‡”‹ƒ•‡”†‹˜‹†‹†‘ǡ ‘ƒ ”‹ƒ­ ‘†‡—ƒ”²‹ƒ‹†‡’‡†‡–‡‘Ž‡•–‡‡†‡ ——”†‹•– ‘ƒ—–ؐ‘‘‘•—†‡•–‡Ǥ”‡•–‘†‘’ƒÀ••‡”‹ƒ”ƒ–‡ƒ†‘‡–”‡ˆ”ƒ ‡•‡•ǡ‹–ƒŽ‹ƒ‘•‡ ‰”‡‰‘•ǡ‡‘••–”‡‹–‘••‡”‹ƒ†‡•‹Ž‹–ƒ”‹œƒ†‘•‡ ‘Ž‘ ƒ†‘••‘„ ‘–”‘Ž‡‹–‡”ƒ ‹‘ƒŽȋǢ ǡ ʹͲͲͶǡ ’Ǥ ͷͷȌǤ ‡Ž‘ ”ƒ–ƒ†‘ †‡ °˜”‡•ǡ ‘• –—” ‘• •× †‘‹ƒ”‹ƒ ͳͷΨ †‘ “—‡ ˆ‘”ƒ ‘—–”‘”ƒ‘

(33) ’±”‹‘–‘ƒ‘Ǥ‡”ƒ”†‡™‹•ȋͳͻ͸ͺǡ’ǤʹͶ͹Ȍ”‡••ƒŽ–ƒƒ‹†ƒ“—‡‡••‡ƒ ‘”†‘ ‡”ƒƒ‹•’‡•ƒ†‘†‘“—‡‘”ƒ–ƒ†‘†‡‡”•ƒŽŠ‡•ǡ‹’‘•–‘Ž‡ƒŠƒ‘‡•‘ ‘–‡š–‘ ’וǦ‰—‡””ƒǡ‡ˆ‘‹”‡ ‡„‹†‘ ‘—ˆ‡”‹ƒ†‘†‡Ž—–‘ƒ—”“—‹ƒǤ 72. “—ƒ–‘ ‘ •—Ž– ‘ ‡Š‡– 

(34)  ‡Š†‡––‹ ˜‹˜‹ƒ ƒ ‘ —’ƒ­ ‘ ‡ ƒ ‡‹–ƒ˜ƒ ‘ “—‡ ŽŠ‡ MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018.

(35) artigo †‹–ƒ˜ƒ ƒ —”‘’ƒǡ ‰”—’‘• ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ• –—” ‘•ǡ •‡–‹†‘Ǧ•‡ ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ‡–‡ –”ƒÀ†‘• ’‘”•‡— ‰‘˜‡”ƒ–‡ǡ”‡ ”—†‡• ‹ƒ•—ƒ ”‡•‹•–² ‹ƒ ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ †ƒ‡– ‘ ƒ’‹–ƒŽǡ ’”‘’‘†‘ †‹˜‡”•‘•’”‘Œ‡–‘•’ƒ”ƒ‘ˆ—–—”‘†‘

(36) ’±”‹‘–‘ƒ‘ǤŽ‰—•†‡ˆ‡†‹ƒƒ–±‡•‘— ƒ†ƒ–‘‘”–‡Ǧƒ‡”‹ ƒ‘ȋ

(37) ǡͳͻ͸ͷǡ’Ǥͳͻ͸ȌǤ••ƒ•”‡•‹•–² ‹ƒ•‡”ƒ‹‹ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ†ƒ• ‡ †‡• ‘‘”†‡ƒ†ƒ•ǡ ƒ• ƒ‘ Ž‘‰‘ †‡ ͳͻͳͻ •‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‘— —ƒ •±”‹‡ †‡ ƒ ‘”†‘• ‡ ‘ˆ‡”² ‹ƒ•Œ—•–ƒ‡–‡˜‹•ƒ†‘—‹ϐ‹ ƒ”‘•†‹˜‡”•‘•‘˜‹‡–‘•‹†‡’‡†‡–‡•ǡ‡ „—• ƒ†‡—ƒ ƒ˜‘œǤŒ‘˜‡‘ϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ‹Ž‹–ƒ”—•–ƒˆž‡ƒŽǡ“—‡–‹Šƒ•‹†‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡–‡ ‡˜‹ƒ†‘’‡Ž‘•—Ž– ‘’ƒ”ƒƒƒ–׎‹ƒƒϐ‹†‡•‘„‹Ž‹œƒ”–”‘’ƒ•‘–‘ƒƒ•†‡’‘‹•†ƒ‰—‡””ƒǡ †‡•‘„‡†‡ ‡— ƒ •—ƒ• ‘”†‡• ‹‹ ‹ƒ‹• ‡ ƒ ƒ„‘— •‡ †‡•–ƒ ƒ†‘ ‘ Ÿ„‹–‘ †ƒ ”‡•‹•–² ‹ƒǡ Œ—•–ƒ‡–‡’”‘ —”ƒ†‘—‹ϐ‹ žǦŽƒ‡†ƒ”ǦŽŠ‡—‘”–‡ Žƒ”‘Ǥ. Mustafá Kemal (nascido na cidade de Salônica, na Macedônia otomana, em 1881) ϐ‹œ‡”ƒ’ƒ”–‡†‘‘‹–²‹ ‘‡”‘‰”‡••‘ȋȌ†‡•†‡•‡—•ƒ‘•‹‹ ‹ƒ‹•Ǥ—ƒ†‘‘ Š‡‰‘— ƒ‘ ’‘†‡”ǡ ‡ ͳͻͲͺǡ ˆ‘‹ ‡˜‹ƒ†‘ ’‘” Ž‘‰ƒ• –‡’‘”ƒ†ƒ• ƒ ”‡‰‹Ù‡• †‹•–ƒ–‡• †ƒ ƒ’‹–ƒŽǡƒ–—ƒ†‘ƒ —‡””ƒ†ƒ”‹’‘Ž‹–Ÿ‹ƒȋͳͻͳͳȌ‡ƒ —‡””ƒ†‘•žŽ  •ȋͳͻͳʹǦͳͻͳ͵Ȍǡ ‡ †‡•–ƒ ƒ†‘Ǧ•‡ †—”ƒ–‡ ƒ ”‹‡‹”ƒ —‡””ƒ —†‹ƒŽ ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ „ƒ–ƒŽŠƒ †‡ ƒŽÀ’‘Ž‹ǡ ‡ͳͻͳͷǤ —•–ƒ‡–‡“—ƒ†‘•‡†‡•‡”‘Žƒ˜ƒƒ ƒ’ƒŠƒ†‡ ƒŽÀ’‘Ž‹ǡ‡“—‡‘–‘ƒ‘• ‡ ƒŽ‡ ‡• Ž—–ƒ”ƒ ‘–”ƒ –”‘’ƒ• ˆ”ƒ ‡•ƒ• ‡ ƒ• Šƒƒ†ƒ• –”‘’ƒ•  ȋ†‡ •‘Ž†ƒ†‘• ‘”‹‰‹ž”‹‘• †ƒ ‘˜ƒ ‡ŽŸ†‹ƒ ‡ †ƒ —•–”žŽ‹ƒǡ †‘

(38) ’±”‹‘ ”‹–Ÿ‹ ‘Ȍ ‡ —ƒ •ƒ‰”‡–ƒ „ƒ–ƒŽŠƒƒ“—ƒŽ‘•’”‹‡‹”‘•Ž‡˜ƒ”ƒƒ‡ŽŠ‘”ǡ–ƒ„±ƒ ‘–‡ ‹ƒ ‘—‹–‘Ž‘‰‡†ƒŽ‹ǡ ƒ ƒ–׎‹ƒǡ ‘ Šƒƒ†‘ ‰‡‘ À†‹‘ ƒ”²‹‘Ǥ  ˆƒ–‘ †‡ —•–ƒˆž ‡ƒŽ –‡” •‡ †‡•–ƒ ƒ†‘ ‘‘‹Ž‹–ƒ”ƒ„ƒ–ƒŽŠƒ‡ ‘–‡”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘ ‘‘‰‡‘ À†‹‘ǡƒŽ±†‘ˆƒ–‘†‡’‘••—‹” Žƒ”‰‘ ƒ”‹•ƒ‡–‹‘’‘ŽÀ–‹ ‘ǡ ‡”–ƒ‡–‡•‡”˜‹”‹ƒ†‡‡Ž‡‡–‘ƒ‰”‡‰ƒ†‘”‹–‡”ƒ‡–‡‡ Ž‡‰‹–‹ƒ†‘”‡š–‡”ƒ‡–‡ƒŽ‹†‡”ƒ­ƒ†‘‘˜‹‡–‘“—‡•‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ˜ƒǤ  Œ—Š‘ †‡ ͳͻͳͻ ˆ‘‹ ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‹†‘ ‘  ‘”†‘ †‡ ƒ•›ƒǡ “—‡ ‘ Žƒƒ˜ƒ — ‘˜‹‡–‘ ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ ‘–”ƒ ƒ• ’‘–² ‹ƒ• ‘ —’ƒ–‡• ‡ ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‹ƒ “—‡ ƒ ‹†‡’‡†² ‹ƒ •‡ †ƒ”‹ƒ ‘ „ƒ•‡ ƒ• ’”‘˜À ‹ƒ•ǡ ‡  ‘ ‡ –‡”‘• †‡ Dz”ƒ­ƒdzǤ ž ‘ ‘‰”‡••‘ †‡ ‹˜ƒ•ǡ †‡ •‡–‡„”‘ †‘ ‡•‘ ƒ‘ǡ —‹— ’‡Žƒ ’”‹‡‹”ƒ ˜‡œ –‘†‘• ‘• ŽÀ†‡”‡• †‘ ‘˜‹‡–‘ǡ “—‡ ‘ ‘”†ƒ˜ƒ ‘ƒ ‘•–‹–—‹­ ‘†‡—’ƒ”Žƒ‡–‘“—‡•—„•–‹–—‹”‹ƒƒ‡•–”—–—”ƒ†‡ ‰‘˜‡”‘ †‡ ‡– ‘Ǥ ”‰ƒ‹œ‘—Ǧ•‡ǡ ƒ••‹ǡ ƒ ”ƒ†‡ ••‡„Ž‡‹ƒ ƒ ‹‘ƒŽǡ ‡  ƒ”ƒǡ ‡ abril de 1920, tendo Mustafá Kemal como seu primeiro presidente..  ’ƒ”ƒŽ‡Ž‘ ƒ‘• †‡„ƒ–‡• ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ‘•ǡ ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‹ƒǦ•‡ –ƒ„± ˆ”‡–‡• †‡ „ƒ–ƒŽŠƒ ƒ ƒ–׎‹ƒǣ ‘–”ƒ‘•‰”‡‰‘•‡•‹”ƒǡ ‘–”ƒ‘•ˆ”ƒ ‡•‡•‡‘• ‘Žƒ„‘”ƒ†‘”‡•ƒ”²‹‘• ‡†ƒƒ‡ ‘–”ƒ‘•ƒ”²‹‘•‡”œ—”—Ǥ–‘ƒ†ƒ‡‘‹ ²†‹‘†‡•‹”ƒǡ‡ͳͻʹʹǡ •‡”‹ƒ –ƒŽ˜‡œ ‘ ‘‡–‘ ƒ‹• †”ƒž–‹ ‘ †ƒ †‡‘‹ƒ†ƒ —‡””ƒ †‡

(39) †‡’‡†² ‹ƒ †ƒ —”“—‹ƒǤ ‘ƒ˜‹–×”‹ƒ–—” ƒ‘“—‡ Šƒƒ†‡•—ƒ —‡””ƒ†‡

(40) †‡’‡†² ‹ƒǡ˜‡‹‘‘”ƒ–ƒ†‘ †‡ƒ—•ƒ‡ǡ‡ʹͶ†‡Œ—ŽŠ‘†‡ͳͻʹ͵ǡ ‘Ž‘ ƒ†‘Ǧ•‡‘Ž—‰ƒ”†‘Œž ‹–ƒ†‘”ƒ–ƒ†‘†‡°˜”‡•Ǥ ‡—Ǧ•‡‡– ‘ǡ†‡ˆƒ–‘ǡ‘ϐ‹†ƒ‘ —’ƒ­ ‘’‘”’ƒ”–‡†‘•Ž‹ƒ†‘•ǡ ‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ†‘Ǧ•‡ƒ˜‹–×”‹ƒ †ƒ‘˜ƒ‡–‹†ƒ†‡’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ“—‡•‡‡•„‘­ƒ˜ƒǤ”ƒ–ƒ†‘†‡ƒ—•ƒ‡‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‡—‡‰”ƒ†‡ ‡†‹†ƒƒ•ˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ•ƒ–—ƒ‹•†ƒ—”“—‹ƒȂ ‘‡š ‡­ ‘†‡ ƒ–ƒ›ǡ ‘‘•‡˜‡”žƒ†‹ƒ–‡Ȃ‡. MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018. 73.

(41) artigo ‘‡Ž‡‘—†‘”‡ ‘Š‡ ‡—‘ϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡‘’ƒÀ•“—‡‘•ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ•–—” ‘• ‘•–”—À”ƒ ’ƒ”ƒ•‹’”×’”‹‘••‘„”‡ƒ•”—Àƒ•‘–‘ƒƒ•ȋǢǡʹͲͲͶǡ’ǤͷͺȌǤ. •–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‡—Ǧ•‡‡– ‘—ƒ‡‘”‡—†ƒ­ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒǡ•‘ ‹ƒŽ‡‡•‘‡ ‘Ø‹ ƒǡ‡ “—‡ ‘

(42) ’±”‹‘ –‘ƒ‘ǡ — ƒŽ‹ˆƒ†‘ ‹•ŽŸ‹ ‘ǡ †ƒ˜ƒ ‡•’ƒ­‘ ’ƒ”ƒ —ƒ ”‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒ ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ secular5Ǥ ••‡ ’‡”À‘†‘ ± ‘Š‡ ‹†‘ ‘‘ ‘ †ƒ Dz—–ƒ ƒ ‹‘ƒŽdz ‡ ˆ‘‹ “—ƒ†‘ •‡ †‡— ‘ †‡•ƒ–‡Žƒ‡–‘ †‡ ‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡• ’”±˜‹ƒ• ‡ ƒ ”‹ƒ­ ‘ †‡ ‘—–”ƒ• ‘˜ƒ•Ǥ  ‘˜‡„”‘ †‡ ͳͻʹʹǡ‘

(43) ’±”‹‘–‘ƒ‘ˆ‘‹‡š–‹–‘ ‘ƒƒ„‘Ž‹­ ‘†‘•—Ž–ƒƒ–‘Ǥ”‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒˆ‘‹†‡ Žƒ”ƒ†ƒ ‡‘—–—„”‘†‡ͳͻʹ͵ǡ–‡†‘—•–ƒˆž‡ƒŽ ‘‘•‡—’”‡•‹†‡–‡ƒ–±ͳͻ͵ͺ‡ǡ‹‡‰ƒ˜‡Ž‡–‡ǡ Žƒ­‘—ƒ•„ƒ•‡•†‘’ƒÀ•“—‡ƒ‹†ƒŠ‘Œ‡‡š‹•–‡Ǥ‡—‘„Œ‡–‹˜‘‡”ƒ ”‹ƒ”—ƒƒ­ ‘‘†‡”ƒǡ ‘•‘Ž†‡•‘ ‹†‡–ƒ‹•ǡ“—‡•‡‹’—•‡••‡•‘„”‡ƒ• ‹œƒ•†‡—•–ƒ†‘–‹†‘ ‘‘ ‘””—’–‘ǡ †‡ ƒ†‡–‡‡ƒ–”ƒ•ƒ†‘ǡ ‘‘‡”ƒ˜‹•–‘‘

(44) ’±”‹‘–‘ƒ‘‡•—ƒˆƒ•‡ϐ‹ƒŽǤ  ƒŽ‹ˆƒ†‘ƒ’”‹ À’‹‘–‹Šƒ•‹†‘ƒ–‹†‘’‡Ž‘‘˜‹‡–‘ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ–—” ‘ǡƒ•ƒ ƒ„‘— •‡†‘ƒ„‘Ž‹†‘‡ƒ”­‘†‡ͳͻʹͶǡ‹’ƒ –ƒ†‘†‡••ƒ˜‡œ–‘†‘‘—†‘—­—Žƒ‘•—‹–ƒǤ —•–ƒˆž ‡ƒŽ –‡‹ƒ “—‡ ‘ ƒŽ‹ˆƒ ’—†‡••‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ” ƒŽ‰— –‹’‘ †‡ ”‡•‹•–² ‹ƒ  •—ƒ ƒ—–‘”‹†ƒ†‡ǡ‡ ƒ‘ ‡•‘ –‡’‘ –ƒŽ ϐ‹‰—”ƒ  ‘ ‘†‹œ‹ƒ ƒ‹• ‘ ‘ ’”‘Œ‡–‘ ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ ”‡’—„Ž‹ ƒ‘ –—” ‘ǡ Žƒ‹ ‘ǡ “—‡ •‡ –‹Šƒ ‡ ‡–‡Ǥ  ƒŽ‹ˆƒ ˆ‘‹ †‡’‘•–‘ ‡ –‘†ƒ ƒ †‹ƒ•–‹ƒ ‘–‘ƒƒˆ‘‹‡š‹Žƒ†ƒǡ–‡†‘‘•†‡• ‡†‡–‡•Š‘‡••×”‡ ‡„‹†‘ƒ—–‘”‹œƒ­ ‘’ƒ”ƒ”‡–‘”ƒ” ƒ‘’ƒÀ•ƒ†± ƒ†ƒ†‡ͳͻ͹ͲǤ. ‘ ‹‡†ƒ†‡•†‡‡ˆ‡•ƒ†‘•‹”‡‹–‘•ƒ ‹‘ƒ‹•ˆ‘”Œƒ”ƒ‘ƒ”–‹†‘†‘‘˜‘ǡ†‡—•–ƒˆž Kemal, e a Grande Assembleia Nacional deu lugar ao Parlamento Nacional. A Assembleia —†‘— ƒ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ †‡

(45) •–ƒ„—Ž ’ƒ”ƒ  ƒ”ƒ ‡ ƒ’”‘˜‘— —ƒ ‘˜ƒ ‘•–‹–—‹­ ‘ ‡ ͳͻʹͶǤ Tentativas de restauração do sultanato, pela nova legislação, passavam a ser consideradas ‘‘ƒ–‘•†‡ƒŽ–ƒ–”ƒ‹­ ‘ȋ

(46) ǡʹͲͳͲǡ’ǤʹͶͺȌǤ. •–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‡—Ǧ•‡‡– ‘—‰‘˜‡”‘‘†‡”‹œƒ†‘”ǡƒ• ‘‡šƒ–ƒ‡–‡†‡‘ ”ž–‹ ‘Ǥ —ƒ†‘†ƒ —‡””ƒ†ƒ

(47) †‡’‡†² ‹ƒ—•–ƒˆž‡ƒŽ–‹Šƒ•—ƒŽ‹†‡”ƒ­ƒ‹Ž‹–ƒ”‹ ‘–‡•–‡ǡ ‘ ‘˜‘ ”‡‰‹‡ •‡ Ž‡‰‹–‹ƒ˜ƒ ’‡Žƒ ˜‹–×”‹ƒ ƒ Ž—–ƒ ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ ‡ ’‘” †‹œ‡”Ǧ•‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‡ †ƒ ƒ­ ‘ ‹–‡‹”ƒ •‡ †‹•–‹­ ‘ †‡ ‰”—’‘• ‘— Žƒ••‡•Ǥ ž “—ƒ†‘ †‘ ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‹‡–‘ †‘ ‘˜‘ •–ƒ†‘ǡ ‘ ‰‘˜‡”‘ Œž  ‘ ‡”ƒ – ‘ —Ÿ‹‡ǣ ƒ ƒ„‘— •—’”‹‹†‘ •‡—• ‘’‘‡–‡• ‡ ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‡†‘†‡•†‡‘‹À ‹‘—Žƒ”‰‘ —Ž–‘’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡†‡•‡—ŽÀ†‡”Ǥ‘” ‘–ƒ†‡—ƒ –‡–ƒ–‹˜ƒ†‡ƒ••ƒ••‹ƒ–‘‡Œ—Š‘†‡ͳͻʹ͸ǡ‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ‰‹—ƒ’Ž‹ƒ†‘ƒ’—‹­ ‘’ƒ”ƒƒŽ± †‘• —Ž’ƒ†‘•†‡ˆƒ–‘ǡŽ‹˜”ƒ†‘Ǧ•‡†‡‹‹‹‰‘•‡ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•‡’‘–‡ ‹ƒŽȋ

(48) ǡʹͲͳͲǡ’Ǥ ʹͷͳȌ‡ ”‹ƒ†‘ƒ‹ƒ‰‡†‡—ƒ—”“—‹ƒƒ‡ƒ­ƒ†ƒ’‘”‹‹‹‰‘•‹–‡”‘•‡‡š–‡”‘•Ǥ. ‹†ƒ“—ƒ†‘†ƒ —‡””ƒ†‡

(49) †‡’‡†² ‹ƒǡ—•–ƒˆž‡ƒŽǡ˜‹•ƒ†‘ƒ’‘‹‘†‘• —”†‘•ǡ Šƒ˜‹ƒ •‡ ‘’”‘‡–‹†‘ ƒ –‡” „‘ƒ• ”‡Žƒ­Ù‡• ‘ ‡•–‡•ǡ ƒ–‡†‘ ‘ ƒŽ‹ˆƒ†‘ ȋ’‘” ‘–ƒ †ƒ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•‹†ƒ†‡†‘‰”—’‘Ȍ‡ƒ’”‘˜À ‹ƒ†‡‘••—ŽǢƒ•– ‘Ž‘‰‘ƒ• ‹ƒƒ‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒ†ƒ —”“—‹ƒǡ‡Š—ƒ’”‘‡••ƒˆ‘‹†‡ˆƒ–‘ —’”‹†ƒǤ• —”†‘•”‡˜‘Ž–ƒ”ƒǦ•‡‡ˆ‡˜‡”‡‹”‘ de 1925 e foram violentamente suprimidos, foi estipulada uma lei marcial e houve ‡ˆ‘” ƒ‡–‘• ’ï„Ž‹ ‘• †‘• —Ž’ƒ†‘•Ǥ ƒ ”‡ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡ǡ ‡–”‡ ͳͻʹͶ ‡ ͳͻ͵ͺǡ Š‘—˜‡ †‡œ‘‹–‘ ”‡˜‘Ž–ƒ• —”†ƒ•ȋ

(50) ǡʹͲͳͲǡ’ǤʹͷͳȌǤ‡•†‡‡– ‘ƒDz“—‡•– ‘ —”†ƒdzȂ ‘‘Ž‹†ƒ” ‘ ƒƒ’ŽƒŠ‹•–‘”‹‘‰”ƒϐ‹ƒ”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ“—‡ǡƒ”‡ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡ǡƒ‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒ†ƒ—”“—‹ƒ‡‘

(51) ’±”‹‘–‘ƒ‘• ‘ƒ‹• um continuum†‘“—‡ǡ’‘”‡š‡’Ž‘ǡ‘“—‡‘ ‘””‡‡–”‡

(52) ’±”‹‘—••‘‡‹ ‘‘˜‹±–‹ ƒȋǡʹͲͲͶǡ’ǤͳȌǤ. 5. 74. MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018.

(53) artigo •‡—ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ‹•‘Dz ‘ ‘””‡–‡dz‘— ‘‘‘•‹•‡”‹”ƒ•‘ ‹‡†ƒ†‡ǡDz–—”“—‹ϐ‹ ƒ†‘Ǧ‘•dz‘— ’‡”‹–‹†‘“—‡ƒ–‡Šƒ•—ƒ•‹‰—Žƒ”‹†ƒ†‡±–‹ ƒ‡Ž‹‰—À•–‹ ƒȂ•‡ ‘Ž‘ ƒ ‘‘—ƒ “—‡•– ‘ ‡–”ƒŽƒ—”“—‹ƒǤ.

(54) ‹ ‹ƒ˜ƒǦ•‡ –ƒ„± —ƒ ‡”ƒ †‡ ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ• ”‡ˆ‘”ƒ• ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•ǡ •‘ ‹ƒ‹• ‡ ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ•Ǥ ‘Ÿ„‹–‘”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•‘ǡƒŽ±†ƒ†‡’‘•‹­ ‘†‘ ƒŽ‹ˆƒǡ‘••‡”Ù‡•†‡•‡š–ƒǦˆ‡‹”ƒ’ƒ••ƒ˜ƒƒ •‡”‡–—” ‘‡Dz‡Šƒ”‘‹ƒ ‘ƒ ‹² ‹ƒ‡‘ ‘Š‡ ‹‡–‘dzǤ‹‹•–±”‹‘†‡••—–‘• ‡Ž‹‰‹‘•‘• „‡ ‘‘ ‘ ‡• ”‹–×”‹‘ †‘ Š‡‹ †‘

(55) •Ž  ˆ‘”ƒ ‡š–‹–‘•ǡ ƒ• ‘”†‡• ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ• (tarikatsȌˆ‡ Šƒ†ƒ•ǡ‡Š‘—˜‡ ‘ϐ‹• ‘†‘•”‡ —”•‘•†ƒ•ˆ—†ƒ­Ù‡•”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•Ǥ‹‹•–±”‹‘ da Educação passava a supervisionar o treinamento dos imamsǤ 

(56) •Ž  ˆ‘‹ ‹ Ž—•‹˜‡ ”‡–‹”ƒ†‘†ƒ ‘•–‹–—‹­ ‘ ‘‘”‡Ž‹‰‹ ‘‘ϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ†‘•–ƒ†‘ǡ‡—ƒ‡‡†ƒ†‡ͳͻʹͺǡ‡„‘”ƒǡ ‹”‘‹ ƒ‡–‡ǡ ’‡Žƒ ’”‹‡‹”ƒ ˜‡œ ‘ •–ƒ†‘ –‹˜‡••‡ ƒ’Žƒ ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ —­—ŽƒƒǤ ‘” ‘–ƒ †‘‰‡‘ À†‹‘ƒ”²‹‘‡ͳͻͳͷ6‡†ƒ•ˆ—‰ƒ•‡‘”–‡•†‡‰”‡‰‘•‘Ÿ„‹–‘†ƒ —‡””ƒ†‡

(57) †‡’‡†² ‹ƒǡ„‡ ‘‘†ƒ–”‘ ƒ’‘’—Žƒ ‹‘ƒŽ‡–”‡‰”‡‰‘•‡–—” ‘•‡ͳͻʹ͵ȋ ‡” ƒ†‡ ͻͲ‹Ž‰”‡‰‘••ƒÀ”ƒ†‡–‡””ƒ•–—” ƒ•‡ͶͲ‹Ž–—” ‘•˜‹‡”ƒ†‡–‡””ƒ•‰”‡‰ƒ•ȌǡƒŠ‹•–×”‹ ƒ ’”‡•‡­ƒ ”‹•– ƒDz—”“—‹ƒdzˆ‘‹”‡†—œ‹†ƒƒ’‘—“—À••‹‘•‹ŽŠƒ”‡•Ǥ”‡Ž‹‰‹ ‘—­—Žƒƒ ’ƒ••ƒ˜ƒƒ‡•–ƒ”•‘„ƒ•—’‡”˜‹• ‘†‘•–ƒ†‘ƒ‹•†‘“—‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ†ƒ†‡•–‡Ǥͳͻ͵͹ǡ‡”ƒƒ ˜‡œ†‘•‡ —Žƒ”‹•‘•‡–‘”ƒ”Ž‡‹ǡ‹–‡‰”ƒ†‘ƒ‘•–‹–—‹­ ‘Ǥ. • –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ­Ù‡• •‘ ‹ƒ‹• †‡••‡ ’‡”À‘†‘ • ‘ ‘Š‡ ‹†ƒ• ‘‘ Dz”‡˜‘Ž—­Ù‡• †‡ –ƒ–ò”dzǡ—ƒ˜‡œ“—‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ”ƒ†”ƒ•–‹ ƒ‡–‡ƒˆ‘”ƒ†‡˜‹†ƒ†‡“—ƒ•‡–‘†ƒƒ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘ ‡ •‡ †‡”ƒ †‡ ƒ‡‹”ƒ ”ž’‹†ƒǡ „”—–ƒŽ ‡ ‡•‘ –”ƒ—ƒ–‹œƒ–‡Ǥ ƒ••‘—Ǧ•‡ ƒ ‹’‘” ƒ• ”‘—’ƒ•“—‡‡”ƒ ‘—•Dz•ƒ­Ù‡• ‹˜‹Ž‹œƒ†ƒ•†‘—†‘dzȋ

(58) ǡͳͻ͸ͷǡ’ǤͶ͹ʹȌǡ ‘ só abolindo o fez‡‘–—”„ƒ–‡ ‘‘–ƒ„±–‘”ƒ†‘ ”‹‹‘•‘ƒ“—‡Ž‡“—‡‹•‹•–‹••‡ ‡•‡——•‘Ǥ ƒŽ‡†ž”‹‘ ”‹•– ‘ˆ‘‹ƒ†‘–ƒ†‘ǡ‡‘†‘‹‰‘’ƒ••‘—ƒ•‡”‘ϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡‘†‹ƒ †‡†‡• ƒ•‘ǡ‘Ž—‰ƒ”†ƒ•‡š–ƒǦˆ‡‹”ƒǤ•’‡••‘ƒ•’ƒ••ƒ”ƒƒ–‡”“—‡ƒ†‘–ƒ”•‘„”‡‘‡•ǡ –‡†‘—•–ƒˆž‡ƒŽ‡• ‘ŽŠ‹†‘–ƒ–ò”ǡDzƒ‹†‘•—” ‘•dzǡ ‘‘‘•‡—Ǥ ׆‹‰‘ ‹˜‹Žˆ‘‹ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ†‘ǡ‹‰—ƒŽƒ†‘Š‘‡•‡—ŽŠ‡”‡•‡’”‘‹„‹†‘ƒ’‘Ž‹‰ƒ‹ƒǤͳͻ͵Ͷˆ‘‹‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‹†‘ ‘˜‘–‘ˆ‡‹‹‘ǡ†‡œƒ‘•ƒ–‡•“—‡ƒ ”ƒ­ƒǡ‘†‡Ž‘†‡–ƒ–ƒ•”‡ˆ‘”ƒ•ǡ‘ϐ‹œ‡••‡Ǥ‘˜ƒ Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ­ ‘•‡‹•’‹”ƒ˜ƒ‡‘†‡Ž‘•‡—”‘’‡—•ǡ•‘„”‡–—†‘†ƒ—À­ƒ’ƒ”ƒ‘ ׆‹‰‘ ‹˜‹Žǡ†ƒ

(59) –žŽ‹ƒ’ƒ”ƒ‘ ׆‹‰‘’‡ƒŽǡ‡†ƒ

(60) –žŽ‹ƒ‡†ƒŽ‡ƒŠƒ’ƒ”ƒ“—‡•–Ù‡• ‘‡” ‹ƒ‹•Ǥ O alfabeto, originalmente em letras árabes, foi alterado em poucas semanas, em 1928,. –‡ƒƒ‹†ƒŠ‘Œ‡‡˜‘Ž˜‡•±”‹ƒ• ‘–”‘˜±”•‹ƒ•‘‡‹‘’‘ŽÀ–‹ ‘–—” ‘‡‹–‡”ƒ ‹‘ƒŽȋ•‘„”‡–—†‘‡’ƒÀ•‡• ‘‘ǡ ”ƒ­ƒ‡”‰‡–‹ƒǡ“—‡ˆ‘”ƒ†‡•–‹‘†‡Žƒ”‰ƒ†‹ž•’‘”ƒƒ”²‹ƒȌǡ•‡†‘—†‘•ƒ‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–‡• ƒ•‘•†‡Dz’ƒ••ƒ†‘•‡•À˜‡ŽdzǤ žŽ‡˜‘—ƒ‘ƒ••ƒ••‹ƒ–‘†‡Œ‘”ƒŽ‹•–ƒ•ǡƒƒ–‡–ƒ†‘• ‘–”ƒŠ‹•–‘”‹ƒ†‘”‡•ȋ ‘‘ –ƒˆ‘”†Šƒ™Ȍ‡ƒ’”‘ ‡••‘• ‘–”ƒ‡• ”‹–‘”‡•’”‡‹ƒ†‘•–—” ‘•ǡ ‘‘”Šƒƒ—‡Ž‹ˆfƒˆƒǡ’‘”–‡”‡ ˆ‡‹–‘†‡ Žƒ”ƒ­Ù‡•”‡ ‘Š‡ ‡†‘‘•ƒ••ƒ ”‡•†‡ƒ”²‹‘•‡ͳͻͳͷ ‘‘‰‡‘ À†‹‘Ǥ ‡‹–‘”‘—”‡‹”‘ȋʹͲͳ͸ǡ ’ǤͷʹǦͷͻȌ±‘Š‹•–‘”‹ƒ†‘”„”ƒ•‹Ž‡‹”‘ ‘‡š’‡”–‹•‡ ‘–‡ƒ‡‘„‹Ž‹œƒƒ—–‘”‡• ‘‘‘ƒŽ†Ž‘šŠƒǡ‡ƒ  ‡‡‹‡”‹  ‘„•„ƒ™’ƒ”ƒ†‡ Žƒ”ƒ”ǣDzƒ”ƒƒŽ±†‘•ͳǦͳǡͷ‹ŽŠ ‘†‡‘”–‘•ǡ ‡–‡ƒ•†‡‹ŽŠƒ”‡•†‡ ”‡ˆ—‰‹ƒ†‘•‡ ƒ’‘•‘”‹‡–‡±†‹‘ȂƒŽ±†‡–ƒ–‘•‘—–”‘•“—‡ ‘•‡‰—‹”ƒ’‡”ƒ‡ ‡”‘

(61) ’±”‹‘ –‘ƒ‘ǡ ‡• ‘†‹†‘• ’‘” ˆƒÀŽ‹ƒ• —­—Žƒƒ• ‡ǡ —‹–ƒ• ˜‡œ‡•ǡ ƒ†‘–ƒ†‘ ƒ ”‡Ž‹‰‹ ‘ Ȃ ‡ ƒ ‡š’”‘’”‹ƒ­ ‘ ‡ ‘Ø‹ ƒ†ƒ•’”‘’”‹‡†ƒ†‡•‡‡‰× ‹‘•“—‡‘•ƒ”²‹‘• ‘†—œ‹ƒǡ‘‰‡‘ À†‹‘ƒ”²‹‘†‡——ƒ‘˜ƒ †‹‡• ‘ ƒ—•ƒƒ”²‹ƒǡ†‘–ƒ†‘Ǧƒ†‡‘˜ƒ•’ƒ—–ƒ•ǣ‹‹ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡ƒ“—‡•– ‘†‡ƒŒ—†ƒƒ‘•‹ŽŠƒ”‡•†‡ ”‹•– ‘• ƒ”²‹‘• “—‡ ‡•–ƒ˜ƒ ‡ •‹–—ƒ­ ‘ †‡ ”‹• ‘ ‘• ƒ””‡†‘”‡• †‡ ‹†ƒ†‡• ‘‘ Ž‡’’‘ǡ ƒƒ• ‘ ‡ ‡‹”—–‡ǡ‘—•Œ‘˜‡•“—‡Šƒ˜‹ƒ•‹†‘”‡ ‘ŽŠ‹†ƒ•’‘”ˆƒÀŽ‹ƒ•–—” ƒ•‡ —”†ƒ•‡˜‹˜‹ƒ ‘‘—­—Žƒƒ• ƒƒ–׎‹ƒǡ‘—ƒ‹†ƒƒ‘•‹ŽŠƒ”‡•†‡הˆ ‘•“—‡Šƒ˜‹ƒ’‡”†‹†‘•‡—•’ƒ‹•†—”ƒ–‡ƒ•†‡’‘”–ƒ­Ù‡•‡Šƒ˜‹ƒ •‹†‘•‡’ƒ”ƒ†‘•†‡•‡—•ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‡••‘„”‡˜‹˜‡–‡•dzǤ 6. MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018. 75.

(62) artigo ’ƒ”ƒ Ž‡–”ƒ• Žƒ–‹ƒ•Ǥ —• ƒ˜ƒǦ•‡ ƒ‹†ƒ Dz’—”‹ϐ‹ ƒ”dz ‘ –—” ‘ ”‡–‹”ƒ†‘ ƒ• ‹ϐŽ—² ‹ƒ• ’‡”•ƒ• ‡ ž”ƒ„‡•Ǥ  ’ƒ••ƒ†‘ ‘–‘ƒ‘ –‘”ƒ˜ƒǦ•‡ Ž‹–‡”ƒŽ‡–‡ ‹ƒ ‡••À˜‡Ž ƒ‘ ’‘˜‘ ’‘” ‘–ƒ †ƒ —†ƒ­ƒ†‘ƒŽˆƒ„‡–‘‡†ƒŽÀ‰—ƒ†‡—ƒƒ‡‹”ƒ‰‡”ƒŽǤ‘”‘—–”‘Žƒ†‘ǡDz‹˜‡–‘—Ǧ•‡dz—ƒ Š‹•–×”‹ƒ–—” ƒƒƒ–׎‹ƒǡŽ‹‰ƒ†‘ǦƒŠ‹•–×”‹ƒƒ–‹‰ƒ‡”‹ ƒ†‡’‘˜‘• ‘‘Š‹–‹–ƒ•‡ˆ”À‰‹‘•ǡ ‘“—‡„—• ƒ˜ƒ‰‡”ƒ”‘”‰—ŽŠ‘‡ƒ—–‘ ‘ϐ‹ƒ­ƒ‘• ‹†ƒ† ‘•Ǥƒ‘ ‹‡†ƒ†‡ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ†‡ ‹•–×”‹ƒˆ‘‹ ”‹ƒ†ƒ‡ͳͻ͵ͳǡ‡—ƒ‘ ‹‡†ƒ†‡ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ†‡À‰—ƒ‘ƒ‘•‡‰—‹–‡Ǥ ‹•–×”‹ƒ ‡ŽÀ‰—ƒˆ‘”ƒǡ’‘”–ƒ–‘ǡ„ƒ•–ƒ–‡’‘Ž‹–‹œƒ†ƒ•‡ϐ‹ ƒ”ƒ•‘„ƒ• ‘•†‘•–ƒ†‘Ǥ”‹ƒ”ƒǦ•‡ ƒ‹†ƒƒ• Šƒƒ†ƒ•ƒ•ƒ•†‘‘˜‘‡„‘ƒ’ƒ”–‡†ƒƒ–׎‹ƒǡ‡ ƒ””‡‰ƒ†ƒ•†ƒ‡†— ƒ­ ‘†ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘’ƒ”ƒ‘‘˜‘•–ƒ†‘“—‡•‡‡•„‘­ƒ˜ƒǤ. ‘‘”‡••ƒŽ–ƒƒ”–‡” ‹†Ž‡›ȋʹͲͳͲǡ’Ǥʹ͸ʹȌǡ—ƒ ƒ”ƒ –‡”À•–‹ ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡†‘‰‘˜‡”‘ †‡–ƒ–ò”±“—‡‡•–‡ˆ‘‹—‹–‘ƒ‹•˜‘Ž–ƒ†‘’ƒ”ƒ“—‡•–Ù‡•‹–‡”ƒ•ǡ†‡‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‹‡–‘†‡ —‘˜‘–‹’‘†‡•–ƒ†‘ǡ†‘“—‡’ƒ”ƒ“—‡•–Ù‡•‡š–‡”ƒ•ǡ ‘‡ˆ”‡–ƒ†‘ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•‡š–‡”ƒ• †‡ ˜—Ž–‘ ƒ–± ƒ ‡‰—†ƒ —‡””ƒ —†‹ƒŽǤ –ƒ–ò” ’”‘ —”‘— ”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ” ƒ ‡•’‡ ‹ϐ‹ ‹†ƒ†‡†‘ Ž—‰ƒ”“—‡ƒ—”“—‹ƒ‘ —’ƒ˜ƒ‘—†‘†‡‡– ‘ǡ ‘‘ƒ­ ‘’ƒ Àϐ‹ ƒǡ•‡‹–‡”‡••‡‡ –‘ƒ”‡Š—–‡””‹–×”‹‘†‡‘—–”‡‡ ‘ƒ„‹­Ù‡•’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ••‘„”‡‘—–”‘•’ƒÀ•‡•Ǥ‡— Ž‡ƒ‡”ƒDz’ƒœ‡ ƒ•ƒǡ’ƒœ‘—†‘dzǤ. A diplomacia foi então usada com cuidado, buscando honrar os compromissos ‹–‡”ƒ ‹‘ƒ‹•Ǥ”ƒ–ƒ†‘†‡‹œƒ†‡—” ‘Ǧ‘˜‹±–‹ ‘ˆ‘‹ƒ••‹ƒ†‘‡ͳͻʹͳǡƒ‹†ƒ‘ ‘–‡š–‘†ƒŽ—–ƒƒ ‹‘ƒŽǡ‡”‡˜‹•ƒ†‘‡ͳͻʹͷ͹. Em 1926 houve um contencioso com os „”‹–Ÿ‹ ‘• ‡ ”‡Žƒ­ ‘ ƒ‘ •–ƒ–—• †‡ ‘••—Žǡ ‘ ‘• –—” ‘• ƒŽ‡‰ƒ†‘ “—‡ ‡••ƒ ‹†ƒ†‡ ˆ‘‹ ‘ —’ƒ†ƒ †‡’‘‹•†‘”‹•–À ‹‘†‡—†”—•Ǥ ‘••—Ž ƒ ƒ„‘— ’‡”†‹†ƒ‡ –‘”‘—Ǧ•‡’ƒ”–‡†‘ ‡•–ƒ†‘†‘

(63) ”ƒ“—‡ǡƒ•ƒ ” Ǧ”‡–ƒŠƒ’ƒ‰‘—ͳͲΨ†‘•”‡ —”•‘•†‡’‡–”׎‡‘†ƒ”‡‰‹ ‘’‘” vinte e cinco anos.. ‡’‘”—Žƒ†‘ƒ—”“—‹ƒ’‡”†‡—‘••—Žǡ’‘”‘—–”‘ˆ‘‹ƒ ‡‹–ƒƒ‹‰ƒ†ƒ•ƒ­Ù‡•‡ ͳͻ͵ʹ‡”‡ ‡„‡—†‘•ˆ”ƒ ‡•‡•ƒ’”‘˜À ‹ƒ•À”‹ƒ†‡ ƒ–ƒ›ǡ‡ͳͻ͵ͻǤ—• ‘—”‡ ‘ ‹Ž‹ƒ”Ǧ•‡ ‘‘•‹‹‹‰‘•†ƒ —‡””ƒ†‡

(64) †‡’‡†² ‹ƒǡ ”± ‹ƒ‡ ” Ǧ”‡–ƒŠƒǡ ‘–ƒ†‘‹ Ž—•‹˜‡ ‘—ƒ˜‹•‹–ƒ†‘’”‹‡‹”‘Ǧ‹‹•–”‘‰”‡‰‘ǡŽ‡ˆ–Š‡”‹‘•‡‹œ‡Ž‘•ǡ‡ͳͻ͵ͲǤ ‘†‡• —‹†‘— †ƒˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ‘”‹‡–ƒŽ–ƒ„±ǡƒ••‹ƒ†‘—ƒ ‘”†‘ ‘‘

(65) ” ‡ͳͻ͵Ͷǡ”‡ ‡„‡†‘•‡—šž ‡˜‹•‹–ƒ‡ƒ••‹ƒ†‘‘ƒ –‘†‡ƒƒ†ƒ„ƒ† ‘‡•–‡ǡ ‘‘

(66) ”ƒ“—‡‡‘ˆ‡‰ƒ‹•– ‘ǤŽ± †‹••‘ǡƒ‘˜‡­ ‘†‡‘–”‡ƒ—šǡƒ••‹ƒ†ƒƒ—À­ƒ‡ʹͲ†‡Œ—ŽŠ‘†‡ͳͻ͵͸ǡ’‡”‹–‹— —”“—‹ƒ‹Ž‹–ƒ”‹œƒ”‘••–”‡‹–‘•Ǥ. †‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘†ƒ‹†ï•–”‹ƒ–‡˜‡‰”ƒ†‡ƒ–‡­ ‘’‘”’ƒ”–‡†‘‰‘˜‡”‘ǡ‡„ƒ ‘• ‡‡’”‡•ƒ•‡•–ƒ–ƒ‹•ˆ‘”ƒ ”‹ƒ†ƒ•ǡ–ƒ‹• ‘‘

(67) 烍ǡ—‡”‹ƒƒ‡–‹ƒǤ‹†‡‹ƒ‡”ƒ “—‡‡•–ƒ•‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡•ƒŒ—†ƒ••‡ƒ ”‹ƒ”—ƒ Žƒ••‡±†‹ƒ–—” ƒ ƒ’ƒœ†‡‘ —’ƒ”‘Ž—‰ƒ” †‘•‡•–”ƒ‰‡‹”‘•ȋ

(68) ǡͳͻ͸ͷǡ’ǤͷͲͻȌǤ ‘—˜‡ƒ‹†ƒ—‰”ƒ†‡‡•ˆ‘”­‘’ƒ”ƒ‡Ž‹‹ƒ” ‘ ‘–”‘Ž‡†‡•–‡••‘„”‡ƒ‹ˆ”ƒ‡•–”—–—”ƒ†‡–”ƒ•’‘”–‡ǡ ‘ƒƒ ‹‘ƒŽ‹œƒ­ ‘ ‘•×†ƒ• ˆ‡””‘˜‹ƒ• ‘‘–ƒ„±†ƒƒ˜‡‰ƒ­ ‘‡†ƒ‡š’Ž‘”ƒ­ ‘†‡–ƒ„ƒ ‘Ǥ˜‡”†ƒ†‡ǡ’‘”±ǡ±“—‡‘ ‘”ƒ–‘‡ȋʹͲͳͲǣͳͷͺȌ”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ“—‡ƒ•”‡Žƒ­Ù‡• ‘‘••‘˜‹±–‹ ‘•‡– ‘ǡ“—‡‡˜‘Ž˜‡”ƒŽƒ”‰ƒƒŒ—†ƒ ϐ‹ƒ ‡‹”ƒ ƒ‘• –—” ‘•ǡ Ž‡˜‘— –ƒ„± ƒ —”“—‹ƒ ƒ ”‡ ‡„‡” ”‘–•›ǡ ‡ ͳͻʹͻǡ “—ƒ†‘ ‡•–‡ ˆ‘‹ ‡š’—Ž•‘ ’‘” –ƒŽ‹‡‡••‡ƒ‹†ƒ ‘•‡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ˜ƒˆ‘”–‡‘•—ϐ‹ ‹‡–‡’ƒ”ƒƒ••ƒ••‹žǦŽ‘Ǥ”‘–•›˜‹˜‡—“—ƒ–”‘ƒ‘•ƒ‹ŽŠƒ †‡ò›òƒ†ƒǡ‘ƒ”†‡ƒ”ƒ”ƒǡ’”ך‹‘

(69) •–ƒ„—ŽǤ. ͹. 76. MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018.

(70) artigo ’ƒÀ••‡ ‘ϐ‹‰—”ƒ˜ƒ ‘‘‡š’‘”–ƒ†‘”†‡ƒ–±”‹ƒ•Ǧ’”‹ƒ•‡‹’‘”–ƒ†‘”†‡ƒ—ˆƒ–—”ƒ†‘•Ǥ ***. ‘‘•‡˜²ǡ–”ƒ–ƒǦ•‡†‡—ƒ†± ƒ†ƒ‡‡‹ƒ†‡ƒ’Žƒ•‡’”‘ˆ—†ƒ•–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ­Ù‡• •‘ ‹ƒ‹•ǡ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•‡’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ•ǡŽ‡˜ƒ†‘‘’ƒÀ•†‡—‹’±”‹‘—Ž–‹±–‹ ‘ǡ—Ž–‹Ž‹‰—À•–‹ ‘ ‡ —Ž–‹””‡Ž‹‰‹‘•‘ ƒ — ‡•–ƒ†‘ ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ Žƒ‹ ‘ ‡ ‘ ‹†‡–ƒŽ‹œƒ†‘Ǥ •–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‡—Ǧ•‡ ‡– ‘ ‘ Dz‡ƒŽ‹•‘dzǡ ‘— Dzƒ–ƒ–ò”‹•‘dzǡ “—‡ ‘•–—ƒ •‡” ƒ’”‡•‡–ƒ†‘ ‘ —ƒ †‹˜‹• ‘ ‡ •‡‹• ϐŽ‡ Šƒ•ǣ‡•–ƒ–‹•‘ǡ”‡ˆ‘”‹•‘ǡƒ ‹‘ƒŽ‹•‘ǡ•‡ —Žƒ”‹•‘ǡ”‡’—„Ž‹ ƒ‹•‘‡’‘’—Ž‹•‘ ȋ

(71) ǡʹͲͳͲǡ’ǤʹͷͺȌǤ•”‡ˆ‘”ƒ•ǡ’‘”±ǡ ‘•‡†‡”ƒ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ‹‰—ƒŽ’‘”–‘†‘‘’ƒÀ•ǡ e de certa forma ampliaram as desigualdades entre campo e cidade. ‘”ƒŽƒ­ƒ†ƒ•‡••ƒˆƒ•‡ƒ•„ƒ•‡•†ƒ—”“—‹ƒ‘†‡”ƒǡ‡‘ŽÀ†‡”†‡‡– ‘ˆ‘‹—ƒ †ƒ•ϐ‹‰—”ƒ•ƒ‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–‡• ‘•×†‡•‡—’ƒÀ•ǡ’‘‹•–ƒ„±–‡˜‡‰”ƒ†‡‹’ƒ –‘‡ †‹˜‡”•‘•‘—–”‘•ǡ•‘„”‡–—†‘‘—†‘‹•ŽŸ‹ ‘ǡ ‘‹‹–ƒ­Ù‡•†‡•—ƒ•’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ•‡ƒ­Ù‡•‡ ’ƒÀ•‡• ‘‘ˆ‡‰ƒ‹•– ‘ǡ

(72) ” ‡‡•‘‘‰‹–‘†‡ƒ••‡”ȋǡʹͲͳͲǡ’Ǥͳͷ͹ȌǤ. —•–ƒˆž‡ƒŽˆƒŽ‡ ‡—†‡ ‹””‘•‡Š‡’ž–‹ ƒ‡ͳͲ†‡‘˜‡„”‘†‡ͳͻ͵ͺǡ•ͻŠͲͷ†ƒ ƒŠ Ǥ‡•†‡‡– ‘ǡ–‘†‘•‘•ƒ‘•‡••‡‡•‘†‹ƒ‡Š‘”ƒǡ—ƒ•‹”‡‡±–‘ ƒ†ƒƒ—”“—‹ƒǡ ‡‘• ‹†ƒ† ‘•’ƒ”ƒ‘†‡‡•–‹˜‡”‡’ƒ”ƒ—‹—–‘†‡•‹Ž² ‹‘‡•—ƒ‡×”‹ƒǤ’‡•ƒ” †‡ —†ƒ­ƒ• ‘• ‹‘• –‡’‘• ƒ •‡— ”‡•’‡‹–‘ǡ –”ƒ–ƒǦ•‡ǡ ‘‘ ”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ ‹†Ž‡› ȋʹͲͳͲǡ ’Ǥʹ͸ʹȌǡ†‘ ‘†‘•ŽÀ†‡”‡•†‘•ƒ‘•ͳͻ͵Ͳƒ‹†ƒ”‡˜‡”‡ ‹ƒ†‘’‘”•‡—• ‘’ƒ–”‹‘–ƒ•Ǥ ‘‘”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ‹•‘””ȋʹͲͲͺǡ’ǤʹͶȌǡ‘ —Ž–‘‡–‘”‘†‡•‡—Ž‡‰ƒ†‘± ‘’ƒ”ƒ—’ƒÀ• †‡‘ ”ž–‹ ‘ǡ•‡†‘ƒ”‡ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡—‹–‘†‹ϐÀ ‹Ž’ƒ”ƒƒŽ‰—±“—‡— ƒ˜‹˜‡—ƒ—”“—‹ƒ†‡ ˆƒ–‘‡–‡†²ǦŽ‘Ǥ–ƒ–ò”–‡˜‡Žƒ”‰‘†‘À‹‘‡˜‹†ƒ‡—ƒŽ‘‰‡˜ƒƒ—”ƒÀ–‹ ƒpost-mortem. ʹǤ•—‹–‘•†‡•ƒϐ‹‘•†ƒ†‡‘ ”ƒ ‹ƒȋͳͻ͵ͺǦʹͲͲʹȌ. ‹–—‹–‘†‡•–‡–×’‹ ‘±—‹–‘ƒ„‹ ‹‘•‘ǡ—‹†‘—ƒƒ””ƒ–‹˜ƒ“—‡†² ‘–ƒ†‘• ƒ‘•†‡‰‘˜‡”‘†‹”‡–‘†‡

(73) •‡–GÚòȋͳͻ͵ͺǦͳͻͷͲȌǡ†ƒ†± ƒ†ƒ†‡‰‘˜‡”‘†‘ƒ”–‹†‘ ‡‘ ”ž–‹ ‘†‡†ƒ‡†‡”‡•ȋͳͻͷͲǦͳͻ͸ͲȌ‡†‘•—‹–‘•‰‘˜‡”‘•“—‡•‡•— ‡†‡”ƒ ƒ–±‘‹À ‹‘†‘‹Ž²‹‘ǡ‹–‡” ƒŽƒ†‘•’‘”–”²•‰‘Ž’‡•‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡•ǡ†‡ˆƒ–‘ǡ‡ͳͻ͸Ͳǡͳͻ͹ͳ‡ ͳͻͺͲǡ‡’‘”—‰‘Ž’‡Dz’וǦ‘†‡”‘dzǡ‡ͳͻͻ͹Ǥ ‹‰—”ƒ• ‘‘ƒ•†‡GÚò‡‡†‡”‡•ǡ „‡ ‘‘ƒ•†‡—”‰—–YœƒŽ‡—Ž‡›ƒ‡‹”‡Žǡ†‡•–ƒ ƒǦ•‡‡•–ƒˆƒ•‡ǡƒ•‡Š—ƒ †‡Žƒ• ‰ƒŠƒ —ƒ ‡–”ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡ †‘ ’‘”–‡ †ƒ †‡ –ƒ–ò”Ǥ ‘ –‘†ƒ• ƒ• ‹†ƒ• ‡ ˜‹†ƒ• ‡ ƒ ƒ• ‡• ‘†‡‰”—’‘•Ž‹‰ƒ†‘•ƒˆ‘”–‡•‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ•†‡‡•“—‡”†ƒǡ†‹”‡‹–ƒ‡‹•Žƒ‹•–ƒǡƒ”‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒ –—” ƒ ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‹†ƒ ’‘” –ƒ–ò” •‡ ƒ–‡˜‡ǡ –‡†‘ ‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡• ‘ ’ƒ’‡Ž ‡••‡ ‹ƒŽǤ • representantes do partido herdeiro de sua ideologia, o Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi ȋ Ȍǡ ’‘”±ǡ ƒ†ƒ˜‡œƒ‹•’ƒ••ƒ˜ƒƒ•‡”˜‹•–‘• ‘‘ ‘””—’–‘•ǡ‹ ‘’‡–‡–‡•‡‹ ƒ’ƒœ‡• †‡”‡•‘Ž˜‡”‘•’”‘„Ž‡ƒ•‡•–”—–—”ƒ‹•†‘’ƒÀ•Ǥ••‡–×’‹ ‘†‹˜‹†‡Ǧ•‡‡“—ƒ–”‘•—„–×’‹ ‘•ǣ ‘•ƒ‘•†‡

(74) •‡–GÚòȋͳͻ͵ͺǦͳͻͷͲȌǡ‘‰‘˜‡”‘†‡†ƒ‡†‡”‡•ȋͳͻͷͲǦͳͻ͸ͲȌǡƒ•Ž—–ƒ• ‹–‡”ƒ•†‡ͳͻ͸ͲƒͳͻͺͲ‡ƒ ‘–‡• ‘†‘ ‘ϐŽ‹–‘ȋͳͻͺͲǦʹͲͲʹȌǤ ***. MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018. 77.

(75) artigo

(76) •‡– GÚò ȋͳͺͺͶǦͳͻ͹͵Ȍ ˆ‘‹ –ƒ„± — ‹Ž‹–ƒ” “—‡ ‹–‡‰”‘— ‘  ‡ Ž—–‘— „‘ƒ ’ƒ”–‡ †ƒ• ‹ƒ• ‰—‡””ƒ• †‘

(77) ’±”‹‘ –‘ƒ‘Ǥ —–‘—Ǧ•‡ ƒ‘ ‘˜‹‡–‘ ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ ƒ ƒ–׎‹ƒǡ –‘”ƒ†‘Ǧ•‡ ‘ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ “—‡ ‘ƒ†‘— ƒ• ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡• ˜‹–×”‹ƒ• ƒ• Šƒƒ†ƒ• „ƒ–ƒŽŠƒ• †‡ GÚòǡ †‡ ‘†‡ –‹”‘— •‡— •‘„”‡‘‡Ǥ ‘‹ ƒ‹†ƒ ‘ ‡‰‘ ‹ƒ†‘” ”‡•’‘•ž˜‡Ž ’‡Ž‘ƒ”‹•–À ‹‘†‡—†ƒ›ƒ‡†‘”ƒ–ƒ†‘†‡ƒ—•ƒ‡ǤGÚòˆ‘‹˜ž”‹ƒ•˜‡œ‡•’”‹‡‹”‘Ǧ ‹‹•–”‘“—ƒ†‘†ƒ’”‡•‹†² ‹ƒ†‡–ƒ–ò”ǡ‡“—ƒ†‘†ƒ‘”–‡†‡•–‡ǡ‡ͳͻ͵ͺǡ–‘”‘—Ǧ•‡ •‡— •— ‡••‘”Ǥ ‘˜‡”‘— ƒ —”“—‹ƒǡ ’‘”–ƒ–‘ǡ †‡ ͳͻ͵ͺ ƒ ͳͻͷͲǤ  †‹ˆ‡”‡–‡‡–‡ †ƒ ˆƒ•‡ ƒ–‡”‹‘”ǡƒ•“—‡•–Ù‡•‹–‡”ƒ ‹‘ƒ‹•‡”ƒ’”‡’‘†‡”ƒ–‡•‡•—ƒ‰‡•– ‘Ǥ. ‘‹GÚò“—‡Ž‹†‡”‘—ƒ—”“—‹ƒ†—”ƒ–‡ƒ‡‰—†ƒ —‡””ƒ—†‹ƒŽǡƒ–‡†‘Ǧƒ ˆ‘”ƒ†‘ ‘ϐŽ‹–‘ƒ–±•—ƒˆƒ•‡ϐ‹ƒŽ‡‡“—‹Ž‹„”ƒ†ƒ’‘”„‘ƒ’ƒ”–‡†‘ ‘ϐŽ‹–‘ǡ–”ƒ•‹–ƒ†‘‡–”‡ ‘•Ž‹ƒ†‘•‡‘‹š‘•‡•‡ ‘’”‘‡–‡”ǡ†‡ˆƒ–‘ǡƒ–±ʹͳ†‡ˆ‡˜‡”‡‹”‘†‡ͳͻͶͷǡ“—ƒ†‘ǡ‘ ϐ‹ƒŽ†ƒ‰—‡””ƒǡ•‡Œ—–‘—ƒ‘•Ž‹ƒ†‘•Ȃ’‘”–ƒ–‘ǡƒ‘Žƒ†‘˜‡ ‡†‘”†ƒ‰—‡””ƒǤ‘”—Žƒ†‘ǡ Šƒ˜‹ƒƒ••‹ƒ†‘—’ƒ –‘†‡ ‘ƒ‰”‡•• ‘ ‘ƒŽ‡ƒŠƒ‡ͳͻͶͳ‡˜‡†‡—ǦŽŠ‡‹±”‹‘• até abril de 1944. Por outro lado, militares turcos, sobretudo pilotos, foram treinados na. ” Ǧ”‡–ƒŠƒǢ ƒŽ± †‹••‘ǡ GÚò ‡ ‘–”‘—Ǧ•‡ ‘ ‘‘•‡˜‡Ž– ‡ Š—” Š‹ŽŽǡ ƒ ‡‰—†ƒ ‘ˆ‡”² ‹ƒ†‘ƒ‹”‘ǡ‡†‡œ‡„”‘†‡ͳͻͶ͵ǡƒ•‘ϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡ ‘•‡ ‘’”‘‡–‡— ‘ ‡Ž‡•Ǥ ‘˜‹–‡’ƒ”ƒ‹–‡‰”ƒ”ƒ•ƒ­Ù‡•‹†ƒ•ǡ ‘†‹ ‹‘ƒ†‘ƒ‘‡‰ƒŒƒ‡–‘ ‘‘Žƒ†‘ †‘•Ž‹ƒ†‘•ƒ‰—‡””ƒǡ–‡”‹ƒ•‹†‘—ƒ†ƒ•”ƒœÙ‡•†‘‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘†‹”‡–‘ ‘‘ ‘ϐŽ‹–‘Ǥ —”“—‹ƒ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’‘—‡– ‘ ‘‘‡„”‘ˆ—†ƒ†‘”†ƒ”‰ƒ‹œƒ­ ‘†ƒ•ƒ­Ù‡•‹†ƒ• ȋȌǡ‘ϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡ ‘’”‘‡–‡†‘Ǧ•‡ ‘‘•‹†‡ƒ‹•†‡‘ ”ž–‹ ‘•†‘•˜‡ ‡†‘”‡•Ǥ. ’‡•ƒ”†‡’‡”ƒ‡ ‡”‡—–”ƒƒ–±‘ϐ‹ƒŽǡƒ‰—‡””ƒ‹’ƒ –‘—‡‘”‡‡–‡ƒ‡ ‘‘‹ƒ –—” ƒǡ ‘‡• ƒ••‡œ†‡’”‘†—–‘•‡‹ϐŽƒ­ ‘ǡƒŽ±†‡ƒ—–‡­ ‘†‡—‹–‘•Š‘‡•†‡ •‘„”‡ƒ˜‹•‘ƒ• ‘”­ƒ•”ƒ†ƒ•Ǥ ‘—˜‡–ƒ„±—‹–ƒŠ‘•–‹Ž‹†ƒ†‡‡”‡Žƒ­ ‘•‹‘”‹ƒ•ǡ ‘„”‹‰ƒ†ƒ• ƒ ’ƒ‰ƒ”ǡ ‡ͳͻͶʹǡ’ƒ”–‡†‘ —•–‘†ƒ ‰—‡””ƒǤ  Šƒƒ†ƒ –ƒšƒ †‡’”‘’”‹‡†ƒ†‡ (˜ƒ”ŽÇ˜‡”‰‹•‹Ȍ”‡ ƒ‹—‡‰”ƒ†‡‡†‹†ƒ•‘„”‡‘•Œ—†‡—•ǡ‰”‡‰‘•ǡƒ”²‹‘•‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ’”ƒ–‹ ƒ‡–‡‹˜‹ƒ„‹Ž‹œƒ†‘•—ƒ•‘„”‡˜‹˜² ‹ƒ‡ ‘Ø‹ ƒ‘’ƒÀ•ȋǡʹͲͳͲǡ’ǤͳͷͻȌǤ. ‡‘’וǦ”‹‡‹”ƒ —‡””ƒ‘••‘˜‹±–‹ ‘•ˆ‘”ƒƒŽ‹ƒ†‘•‹’‘”–ƒ–‡•’ƒ”ƒƒ—”“—‹ƒǡ‘ ϐ‹†ƒ‡‰—†ƒ —‡””ƒ—†‹ƒŽ‘•–”ƒ˜ƒǦ•‡ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ†‘”‡•ǡƒ— ‹ƒ†‘ƒ ‘”‡‘˜ƒ­ ‘ †‘–”ƒ–ƒ†‘†‡ƒ‹œƒ†‡ǡƒ ‘•‡”•‘„ ‘†‹­Ù‡•†‡‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‹‡–‘†‡„ƒ•‡•‘•‡•–”‡‹–‘• –—” ‘•ǡ‡†‡ƒ†ƒ†‘ƒ•’”‘˜À ‹ƒ•†‡ƒ”•‡”†ƒŠƒȋo ǡʹͲͲͶǡ’ǤʹͲͺǢǡ ʹͲͳͲǡ ’Ǥ ͳ͸ͲȌǡ ƒŽ± †‡ –‡”‡ ’”‡•‡­ƒ ƒ —Ž‰ž”‹ƒǤ  ƒ –‘ ‘Ž‘–‘˜Ǧ‹„„‡–”‘’ ‡ ƒ ‡—–”ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡†ƒ—”“—‹ƒ†—”ƒ–‡ƒ‰—‡””ƒ–‹ŠƒŒž’”‡Œ—†‹ ƒ†‘•—ƒ•”‡Žƒ­Ù‡•Ǥ‡‡†‘ ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ†‡–žŽ‹ƒ—”‘’ƒ”‹‡–ƒŽǡ‘•”‡ƒ˜ƒŽ‹ƒ”ƒƒ‹’‘”–Ÿ ‹ƒ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ ƒ†ƒ —”“—‹ƒǤͳʹ†‡ƒ”­‘†‡ͳͻͶ͹ǡ‘’”‡•‹†‡–‡”—ƒŽƒ­‘—ƒ†‘—–”‹ƒ•‡‰—†‘ƒ“—ƒŽ ‘•  †‡˜‡”‹ƒ ƒŒ—†ƒ” ƒ• Dzƒ­Ù‡• Ž‹˜”‡•dz —Œƒ• ‡š‹•–² ‹ƒ• ‡•–‹˜‡••‡ ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ†ƒ• ’‘” pressão estrangeira ou por minorias militantes dentro de seu território. Nessa ocasião, ele ’‡†‹—ƒ’‘‹‘‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡ϐ‹ƒ ‡‹”‘’ƒ”ƒƒ ”± ‹ƒ‡ƒ—”“—‹ƒǤ”ƒ–ƒ˜ƒǦ•‡†‘ ‘‡­‘†ƒ†‡ˆ‡•ƒ ‘”–‡Ǧƒ‡”‹ ƒƒ†‡”‡‰‹‡•ƒ–‹ ‘—‹•–ƒ•’‡Ž‘—†‘ȋo ǡʹͲͲͶǡ’ǤʹͲͻȌǤ. ‘ƒ‘•‡‰—‹–‡ƒ—”“—‹ƒ’ƒ••‘—ƒ”‡ ‡„‡””‡ —”•‘•†‘Žƒ‘ƒ”•ŠƒŽŽ‡‡˜‹‘— ͷ ‹Ž ‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡• ’ƒ”ƒ ƒ —‡””ƒ †ƒ ‘”‡‹ƒ ȋǡ ʹͲͲͶǡ ’Ǥ ͳͲȌǤ ‘ GÚò ϐ‹ ƒ˜ƒ Žƒ”ƒ 78. MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018.

(78) artigo ’‘•‹­ ‘ƒ‹•’”×Ǧ ‹†‡–‡†ƒ‡’ï„Ž‹ ƒȂƒ”‡ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡ǡ†‡••ƒ˜‡œƒ‹•ƒŽ‹Šƒ†ƒƒ‘• †‘“—‡—”‘’ƒǤ—ƒ†‘†‘ϐ‹†ƒ‡‰—†ƒ —‡””ƒ—†‹ƒŽǡ‘‰‘˜‡”‘†‡

(79) •‡–GÚò –‘”‘—Ǧ•‡„ƒ•–ƒ–‡‹’‘’—Žƒ”’ƒ”ƒƒ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘’‘” ‘–ƒ†‘ ‘–”‘Ž‡–‘–ƒŽ“—‡–‡˜‡•‘„”‡ ‘’ƒÀ•Ǥ‡ ‡”–ƒˆ‘”ƒǡ‘•‡–‹‡–‘‡”ƒ†‡“—‡‘•–ƒ†‘ˆƒœ‹ƒ’‘— ‘ǡ•‘„”‡–—†‘’ƒ”ƒƒ ƒ••ƒ†‡ƒ‰”‹ —Ž–‘”‡•‡‘’‡”ž”‹‘•ǡƒ••‡‘•–”ƒ˜ƒ‡š–”‡ƒ‡–‡’”‡•‡–‡ƒ”‡’”‡•• ‘ ȋ‹ Ž—•‹˜‡ †ƒ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•‹†ƒ†‡ ’‘’—Žƒ”Ȍ ‡ ƒ ‘Ž‡–ƒ †‡ ‹’‘•–‘• ȋo ǡ ʹͲͲͶǡ ’Ǥ ʹͲ͸ȌǤ ‘” ‘–ƒ†ƒ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹ ƒ­ ‘†‘  ‘‘ƒ’ƒ”ƒ–‘‡•–ƒ–ƒŽ•‘„—•‹•–‡ƒ†‡’ƒ”–‹†‘ ‘ǡ ‘”‡••‡–‹‡–‘•‡†‡—‡”‡Žƒ­ ‘ƒƒ„‘•ǤGÚòǡ†‹ƒ–‡†‡••ƒ’”‡•• ‘‹–‡”ƒ‡†ƒ• †‡ƒ†ƒ•†‡•‡—•’ƒ” ‡‹”‘•‡š–‡”‘•ǡ’‡”‹–‹—‡– ‘ ‡”–ƒŽ‹„‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ­ ‘‡ƒˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘†‡ —ƒ‘’‘•‹­ ‘’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒǤ ***. ˆƒ•‡“—‡˜ƒ‹†‡ͳͻͷͲƒͳͻ͸Ͳˆ‘‹‘’‡”À‘†‘†‡‰‘˜‡”‘†‘ƒ”–‹†‘‡‘ ”ž–‹ ‘Ǥ†ƒ ‡†‡”‡• ‰‘˜‡”‘— ƒ —”“—‹ƒ ‡••‡ ’”‹‡‹”‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡–‘ †‡ †‡‘ ”ƒ ‹ƒ ‡ ‡ ‘‘‹ƒ Ž‹„‡”ƒŽǤ‡†‘—†‘‘†‡–‡””ƒ•”‹ ‘†ƒ”‡‰‹ ‘†‡›†Çǡ’”ך‹ƒƒ

(80) œ‹”ǡ•—ƒ‡Ž‡‹­ ‘ ‘‘ ’”‹‡‹”‘Ǧ‹‹•–”‘”‡’”‡•‡–‘—‘ϐ‹†‘•ʹ͹ƒ‘•†‡‰‘˜‡”‘†‡—•×’ƒ”–‹†‘ǤŠ‡‰ƒ˜ƒ ƒ‘ ’‘†‡” ƒ’‘‹ƒ†‘ ’‘” ‘‡” ‹ƒ–‡•ǡ ˆƒÀŽ‹ƒ• •‡‹ƒ”‹•–‘ ”ž–‹ ƒ•ǡ ‹–‡Ž‡ –—ƒ‹•ǡ ‹‘”‹ƒ•ǡ „ƒ‹šƒ• Žƒ••‡•±†‹ƒ•—”„ƒƒ•‡‘—–”‘•†‘‘•†‡–‡””ƒ•ȋǡʹͲͲͶǡ’ǤͳͷȌǤ • ‘”–‡Ǧƒ‡”‹ ƒ‘•ǡ “—‡ ’ƒ••ƒ”ƒ ƒ ƒ’‘‹ƒ” ƒ —”“—‹ƒ ‘ Ÿ„‹–‘ †ƒ Šƒƒ†ƒ ‘—–”‹ƒ ”—ƒǡ ‘ ƒŒ—†ƒ †‘ Žƒ‘ ƒ”•ŠƒŽŽǡ –‹Šƒ ’”‡ˆ‡”² ‹ƒ ’‘” ƒŽ‹ƒ†‘• †‡‘ ”ž–‹ ‘•Ǥ ‡ ˆƒ–‘ǡ ‡ ’ƒ”–‡ ‰”ƒ­ƒ• ƒ ‡••ƒ ƒŒ—†ƒǡ ‘˜ƒ• ‡•–”ƒ†ƒ• ‡ ‡• ‘Žƒ• ˆ‘”ƒ ‘•–”—À†ƒ•ǡƒ’Ž‹‘—Ǧ•‡ƒ”‡†‡‡Ž±–”‹ ƒ‡‘•‹˜‡•–‹‡–‘•ˆ‡‹–‘•‡‹ˆ”ƒ‡•–”—–—”ƒǡ ‘‘ –”ƒ•’‘”–‡ǡ ‘—‹ ƒ­Ù‡• ‡ ‡“—‹’ƒ‡–‘• ’ƒ”ƒ ƒ‰”‹ —Ž–—”ƒ Ȃ ‡ŽŠ‘”ƒ†‘ ƒ ’”‘†—­ ‘ ƒ‰”À ‘Žƒ‡‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ†‘’ƒÀ•ȋǢǡʹͲͲͶǡ’ǤͺͻȌǤ. ‡ƒŽƒ”’ƒ–ȋʹͲͲͶǣ’Ǥ͸Ȍ”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ“—‡‡••ƒ•–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ­Ù‡•‡•– ‘’‘”–”ž•†‡— –×’‹ ‘‡••‡ ‹ƒŽ’ƒ”ƒ•‡‡–‡†‡”ƒ˜‹†ƒ–—” ƒƒ‹†ƒŠ‘Œ‡ǣ‘²š‘†‘”—”ƒŽǤͳͻͷͲǡͺͳΨ †‘• –—” ‘• ˜‹˜‹ƒ ‡ ž”‡ƒ• ”—”ƒ‹•Ǥ  ͳͻͻ͹ǡ ͸ͷΨ Œž ˜‹˜‹ƒ ‡ ‹†ƒ†‡•Ǥ • —†ƒ­ƒ• ‡Ž‡ ƒ†ƒ•ϐ‹œ‡”ƒ ‘“—‡—‹–‘•‘”ƒ†‘”‡•†‡’‡“—‡ƒ•ƒŽ†‡‹ƒ••‡•‡–‹••‡ƒ–”ƒÀ†‘• ’‡Ž‘–”ƒ„ƒŽŠ‘‡ˆž„”‹ ƒ•ǡ—†ƒ†‘Ǧ•‡’ƒ”ƒ ‹†ƒ†‡• ‘‘

(81) •–ƒ„—Ž‡ ƒ”ƒǤ•„‘­ƒ˜ƒǦ se então as primeiras gecekonduƒ•‰”ƒ†‡• ‹†ƒ†‡•ǡ‹•–‘±ǡƒ•Dz ‘•–”—À†ƒ•‘‹–‡dzǡ–‡”‘ turco para favelas8. †± ƒ†ƒ†‡ͳͻͷͲ±ˆ‘”–‡‡–‡ƒ” ƒ†ƒ’‡Ž‘ƒ ‡‹–‡†ƒ—”“—‹ƒ ‘‘‡„”‘†ƒ ”‰ƒ‹œƒ­ ‘ †‘ ”ƒ–ƒ†‘ †‘ –ŽŸ–‹ ‘ ‘”–‡ ȋ–ƒȌǡ ‡ ͳͻͷʹǤ  ‹–‡‰”ƒ­ ‘ ƒ ‡•–ƒ –‡˜‡ –ƒ„± — ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ ‹’ƒ –‘ ‹Ž‹–ƒ” ƒ —”“—‹ƒǡ ‡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽ ‡ ‘‘ •—ƒ• ‘”­ƒ• ”ƒ†ƒ•‡”ƒ†‡•‡Šƒ†ƒ•Ǥϐ‹ ‹ƒ‹•’ƒ••ƒ”ƒƒ•‡”—‹–‘„‡–”‡‹ƒ†‘•ǡ ‹” —Žƒ†‘’‡Ž‘• ’ƒÀ•‡•†‘–”ƒ–ƒ†‘‡–‡†‘ƒ ‡••‘ƒ‡“—‹’ƒ‡–‘•‘†‡”‘•Ǥ. ‡’‘”—Žƒ†‘ƒ—”“—‹ƒˆ‘‹˜‹•–ƒ‘Ÿ„‹–‘†ƒ‘—–”‹ƒ”—ƒ ‘‘’”ך‹ƒ. ”± ‹ƒǡ’‘”‘—–”‘ǡ•—ƒ•“—‡•–Ù‡•Š‹•–×”‹ ƒ• ‘‡•–‡’ƒÀ•ƒ‹†ƒ•‡ƒ–‹ŠƒǤ‡•ƒ ‘”†‘•.  ••ƒ• ‹‰”ƒ­Ù‡• †‘• ˜‹Žƒ”‡Œ‘• ’ƒ”ƒ ƒ• ‹†ƒ†‡• –ƒ„± –‹˜‡”ƒ ’”‘ˆ—†‘ ‹’ƒ –‘ ‘ ”‡• ‹‡–‘ †‡ ‡–”‘•—”„ƒ‘•‡ ‘‡” ‹ƒ‹•”‡‰‹‘ƒ‹•ǡ ‘‘—”•ƒǡƒ›•‡”‹ǡ‡‹œŽ‹‡†ƒƒǡ“—‡ ‘‘–‡’‘†‡•ƒϐ‹ƒ”‹ƒ a autoridade do centro (KARPAT, 2004, p. 8).. 8. MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018. 79.

(82) artigo ‡–”‡ƒ„‘•ƒ”‡•’‡‹–‘†‘Š‹’”‡Ž‡˜ƒ”ƒƒŽ‡‰ƒ­ ‘†‡“—‡—ƒ–‡–ƒ†‘„‘„ƒˆ‘”ƒ ˆ‡‹–‘ƒ‘ ‘•—Žƒ†‘–—” ‘‡ƒŽØ‹ ƒȋ‡šǦ–‡””‹–×”‹‘‘–‘ƒ‘ǡ–‘”ƒ†‘‰”‡‰‘‡ͳͻͳͳȌǡ“—‡ ˆ— ‹‘ƒ˜ƒƒ ƒ•ƒ‘†‡ƒ• ‡—–ƒ–ò”Ǥ‡—Ǧ•‡‡– ‘‘ Šƒƒ†‘pogrom de 1955, em “—‡’‘’—Žƒ”‡•–‘ƒ”ƒƒ•”—ƒ•†‡

(83) •–ƒ„—Ž‡†ƒ‹ϐ‹ ƒ”ƒ‘•‡‰× ‹‘• ‘•×†‡‰”‡‰‘• como de não muçulmanos em geral.. ‡†‡”‡•‰‘˜‡”‘—‡‰”ƒ†‡‡†‹†ƒ„—• ƒ†‘‡ˆ”ƒ“—‡ ‡”‘ƒ”–‹†‘‡’—„Ž‹ ƒ‘ǡ †‹‹—‹†‘ •—ƒ ‹ϐŽ—² ‹ƒ ‡–”‡ „—”‘ ”ƒ–ƒ•ǡ ‡„”‘• †‘ •‹•–‡ƒ ‡†— ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ ‡ ‹Ž‹–ƒ”Ǣ –‡–ƒ†‘ †‡•ƒ–‡Žƒ” ƒ ‹ˆ”ƒ‡•–”—–—”ƒ ‡ ‘Ø‹ ƒ ‡•–ƒ–‹•–ƒǡ –”ƒœ‡†‘ ‡ •‡— lugar a iniciativa privada; e se esforçando para aumentar o tamanho da classe média ‡’”‡‡†‡†‘”ƒȋǡʹͲͲͶǡ’Ǥͳ͹ȌǤ’‡•ƒ”†‡–ƒ„±–‡”ƒ‰‡†ƒ•‡ —Žƒ”ǡ‘•–”‘—Ǧ•‡ menos belicoso em relação à religião. Permitiu a leitura do ezan (chamada para oração) em árabe e mostrou respeito pela cultura e identidade muçulmana dos cidadãos, proibindo, ’‘”±ǡƒ’‘Ž‹–‹œƒ­ ‘†ƒˆ±Ǥ. ’ƒ”–‹”†‡ͳͻͷͶǡ‘‡–ƒ–‘ǡ‘‰‘˜‡”‘‘•–”‘—Ǧ•‡ ƒ†ƒ˜‡œƒ‹•ƒ—–‘”‹–ž”‹‘‡ Š‡‰‘— ƒ‘ ϐ‹ †‡ ƒ‡‹”ƒ –”ƒ—ž–‹ ƒǡ •‡‹• ƒ‘• †‡’‘‹•Ǥ  ƒ„‘— ‡˜‘Ž˜‡†‘Ǧ•‡ ‘ ‘””—’­ ‘ ‡ ‡ˆ”‡–ƒ†‘ —ƒ ‡‘”‡ ‹ϐŽƒ­ ‘ǡ “—‡ ˆƒœ‹ƒ ‘ “—‡ ‘ϐ‹ ‹ƒ‹• †ƒ• ‘”­ƒ• ”ƒ†ƒ• •‡ –‘”ƒ••‡ ’‘„”‡•ǡ ’ƒ••ƒ†‘ ƒ••‹ ƒ •‡” ‘†‹ƒ†‘ ‡ À” —Ž‘• •‡ —Žƒ”‡•Ǥ ‡— ‰‘˜‡”‘ ˆ‘‹ †‡””—„ƒ†‘’‡Ž‘’”‹‡‹”‘†‘•‰‘Ž’‡•‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡•‘’ƒÀ•ǡ‡ʹ͹†‡ƒ‹‘†‡ͳͻ͸ͲǤ ••‡‰‘Ž’‡•‡†‡—’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ‡–‡ ‘‘—ƒ”‡ƒ­ ‘†ƒ•‡Ž‹–‡•–—” ƒ• ‘–”ƒ‘†‡•ƒϐ‹‘ ’‘’—Ž‹•–ƒ†ƒ• ƒƒ†ƒ•ƒ‹•„ƒ‹šƒ•ȋǡʹͲͲͶǡ’Ǥͳ͹ȌǤ‹ ‘Ž‡‡ —‰Š‘’‡ȋʹͲͲͶǡ’Ǥ ͻͳȌ”‡••ƒŽ–ƒƒ‹†ƒ“—‡‘†‡• ‘–‡–ƒ‡–‘†‘•‘ϐ‹ ‹ƒ‹•†‡„ƒ‹šƒ’ƒ–‡–‡Dz‡’‘†‡”ƒ†‘•dz com o ingresso na Otan também teve papel importante nesse processo. A seu ver, esta não foi somente uma intervenção contra o governo do dia, mas também um golpe dentro †ƒ• ’”×’”‹ƒ• ‘”­ƒ• ”ƒ†ƒ•ǣ —ƒ ”‡„‡Ž‹ ‘ †‡ Œ‘˜‡• ‘ϐ‹ ‹ƒ‹• ‘–”ƒ •‡—• DzŽ‹‹–ƒ†‘• •—’‡”‹‘”‡•dzǤ.  ’”‹‡‹”‘Ǧ‹‹•–”‘ǡ †ƒ ‡†‡”‡•ǡ ˆ‘‹ ’”‡•‘ ‡ ƒ‹‘ †‡ ͳͻ͸Ͳ ‘ Ͷͳͷ ’ƒ”Žƒ‡–ƒ”‡•†‡•‡—’ƒ”–‹†‘Ǥ ‘‹Œ—Ž‰ƒ†‘‡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ†‘ —Ž’ƒ†‘’‘”˜‹‘Žƒ”ƒ ‘•–‹–—‹­ ‘ǡ •‡†‘‡ˆ‘” ƒ†‘Œ—–‘ƒ•‡—•‹‹•–”‘•†ƒ•ϐ‹ƒ­ƒ•‡†‘‡š–‡”‹‘”ȋǡʹͲͲͶǡ’ǤͳͺȌǤ •ƒ’‡Ž‘•†‘ƒ’ƒǡ†‘’”‡•‹†‡–‡‹•‡Š‘™‡”‡†ƒ”ƒ‹ŠƒŽ‹œƒ„‡–Š ‘ˆ‘”ƒŽ‡˜ƒ†‘•‡ conta (STONE, 2010, p. 160). ***. ‘‹–²†‡‹ ‘ƒ ‹‘ƒŽǡŒ—–ƒ‹Ž‹–ƒ”“—‡”‡–‹”ƒ”ƒ‡†‡”‡•†‘•‡— ƒ”‰‘ǡ’ƒ••‘— ‘’‘†‡”’ƒ”ƒ‘• ‹˜‹•Ǥ•”‡•’‘•ž˜‡‹•’‡Ž‘‰‘Ž’‡‹Ž‹–ƒ”ƒ Šƒ˜ƒ“—‡’‘†‡”‹ƒ‡ˆ”‡–ƒ” •‡—• †‡•ƒϐ‹‘• •‡ –‹˜‡••‡ —ƒ †‡‘ ”ƒ ‹ƒ “—‡ ˆ— ‹‘ƒ••‡ ’”‘’”‹ƒ‡–‡Ǥ ‡”ƒǦ•‡ ‘˜ƒ•‡Ž‡‹­Ù‡•ǡ•‘„‘•‹•–‡ƒ†‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ­ ‘’”‘’‘” ‹‘ƒŽǡ‡—Žƒ‘†‡‹ ‘‘• foi iniciado.. ƒ’”ž–‹ ƒƒ•‘ ‹‡†ƒ†‡–—” ƒ‘•–”ƒ˜ƒǦ•‡ Žƒ”ƒ‡–‡†‹˜‹†‹†ƒǤ ƒŠƒ˜ƒˆ‘”­ƒǡ ƒ†ƒ˜‡œ ƒ‹•ǡ—ƒ†‹•–‹­ ‘‡–”‡‡•“—‡”†ƒȂ†‘‹ƒ†ƒ’‘””‡’—„Ž‹ ƒ‘••‡ —Žƒ”‹•–ƒ••‹’ž–‹ ‘• às Forças Armadas e apoiados por grupos como os alevis – e direita – empresários da ƒ–׎‹ƒ ‘ ‹ Ž‹ƒ­Ù‡• ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•Ǥ ‘‹• ’‡“—‡‘• ‰”—’‘• –ƒ„± •‡ ƒ˜‹œ‹Šƒ˜ƒǣ 80. MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018.

(84) artigo —‹•ŽŸ‹ ‘ǡ ‘‘”‹‰‡•‡‘›ƒǡ‡‘—–”‘ƒ ‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒǡ ‘ˆ‘”–‡Ž‹‰—ƒ‰‡ˆƒ• ‹•–ƒ (STONE, 2010, p. 161).. ‘‹–ƒ„±ƒ†± ƒ†ƒ†‡ͳͻ͸Ͳ“—‡—‹–‘•–—” ‘••‡—†ƒ”ƒ’ƒ”ƒƒŽ‡ƒŠƒǡ ”ƒ­ƒǡ—•–”‹ƒ‡ ‘Žƒ†ƒǤƒ‹‘”‹ƒ†‡Ž‡•ˆ‘‹’ƒ”ƒƒŽ‡ƒŠƒƒŒ—†ƒ”ƒ”‡ ‘•–”—­ ‘†‘ ’ƒÀ•ǡ‘†‡ ”‹ƒ”ƒ ‘—‹†ƒ†‡•‡‡•’± ‹‡•†‡‰—‡–‘•ǡ‰ƒŠƒ”ƒ ‹†ƒ†ƒ‹ƒ‡ƒ–±‡•‘ ’‘•‹­Ù‡•‘’ƒ”Žƒ‡–‘ȋǡʹͲͲͶǡ’ǤͳʹȌǤ•ï‡”‘•• ‘‹ ‡”–‘•ǡƒ•ˆƒŽƒǦ•‡†‡ ‡”–ƒ †‡ ͵ǡͷ ‹ŽŠÙ‡• †‡ –—” ‘• ‡••‡• ’ƒÀ•‡•ǡ ‡ ‘• ”‡ —”•‘• ‡˜‹ƒ†‘• ’‘” ‡Ž‡• †‡ ˜‘Ž–ƒ ’ƒ”ƒƒ—”“—‹ƒ–²’‡•‘—‹–‘‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ƒ‡ ‘‘‹ƒŽ‘ ƒŽǤ‘”•‡ ‘ϐ‹‰—”ƒ”‡ ‘‘ ƒ ƒ‹‘” †‹ž•’‘”ƒ ƒ Ž‡ƒŠƒǡ –ƒ„± –² — ’‡•‘ ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ‘ ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ ƒ• ”‡Žƒ­Ù‡• bilaterais9.. Uma constituição foi promulgada em 1961, estabelecendo um legislativo bicameral. ‹‰—”ƒ• ‘‘—Ž‡›ƒ‡‹”‡Ž‡—Ž‡– ‡˜‹–‡– ‘‰ƒŠƒ˜ƒ‡•’ƒ­‘ǡƒ•ƒ’”ž–‹ ƒ ˆ‘‹ — ’‡”À‘†‘ —‹–‘ ƒ‰‹–ƒ†‘ ‡ –‡”‘• ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ‘•Ǥ ••‘ ‹ƒ­Ù‡• ƒ”š‹•–ƒ•ǡ ƒ‘À•–ƒ• ‡ ‹•Žƒ‹•–ƒ• ‰ƒŠƒ˜ƒ ˆ‘”­ƒǤ —•–ƒ‡–‡ •‘„ ‘ ’”‡–‡š–‘ †‡ •‡ ‘Ž‘ ƒ” ‘–”ƒ ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ• ‹•Žƒ‹•–ƒ•ƒ–‹••‡ —Žƒ”‹•–ƒ•ǡ†‡—Ǧ•‡ƒ‹•—‰‘Ž’‡‹Ž‹–ƒ”ǡ†‡••ƒ˜‡œ‡ͳͻ͹ͳǤϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡ǡ ’‘”±ǡ ‘ ‹–—‹–‘ ‡”ƒ ‡˜‹–ƒ” “—‡ ‰”—’‘• ƒ”š‹•–ƒ• Š‡‰ƒ••‡ ƒ‘ ’‘†‡” ȋǡ ʹͲͲͶǡ ’Ǥ ʹͳȌǤ • ‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡•  ‘ ”‡•‘Ž˜‡”ƒǡ ‘–—†‘ǡ ƒ• “—‡•–Ù‡• †‡ ‹ϐŽƒ­ ‘ǡ †À˜‹†ƒ• ‡ ‘ˆ‡”–ƒ precária de serviços, como eletricidade. ‘‹Œ—•–ƒ‡–‡‡••ƒ±’‘ ƒǡ‡ͳͻ͹Ͳǡ“—‡‘Œ‘˜‡‘”–‡Ǧƒ‡”‹ ƒ‘‹ŽŽ‹ƒ ƒ›‡•ǡ ƒ’ו ’ƒ••ƒ” —• †‹ƒ• †‡ ˆ±”‹ƒ• ƒ —”“—‹ƒǡ ”‡•‘Ž˜‡— –‡–ƒ” Ž‡˜ƒ” ’ƒ”ƒ ‘•  ƒŽ‰—ƒ• ‰”ƒƒ•†‡Šƒš‹š‡Œ—–‘ƒ‘ ‘”’‘Ǥ ƒ„‘—’”‡•‘‘ƒ‡”‘’‘”–‘–ƒ–ò”ǡ‡

(85) •–ƒ„—ŽȂ— ‘‡–‘‡“—‡ǡ’‘”–‡‘”†‡ƒ­Ù‡•‰—‡””‹ŽŠ‡‹”ƒ•†‡•‡“—‡•–”‘•†‡ƒ˜‹Ù‡•‘—†‘ –‘†‘ǡ”‡†‘„”ƒ˜ƒǦ•‡ƒ•’”ž–‹ ƒ•†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǤ

(86) ‹ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡Œ—Ž‰ƒ†‘‡ ‘†‡ƒ†‘ƒƒŽ‰—• anos de prisão, teve sua pena comutada para prisão perpétua. Na prática, passou cinco ƒ‘• ’”‡•‘ǡ ‘•‡‰—‹†‘ ˆ—‰‹” ‡ ͳͻ͹ͷ ’ƒ”ƒ ƒ ”± ‹ƒ ‡ †‡ Žž ”‡–‘”ƒ†‘ ’ƒ”ƒ ‘• ǡ ‘†‡ ‡• ”‡˜‡— — Ž‹˜”‘ †‡ ‡×”‹ƒ•Ǥ  ϐ‹Ž‡ O expresso da meia-noite ȋ‰À”‹ƒ —•ƒ†ƒ ƒ ’”‹• ‘–—” ƒ’ƒ”ƒ“—‡ ‘•‡‰—‹••‡ˆ—‰‹”Ȍǡ†‡ͳͻ͹ͺǡ„ƒ•‡‘—Ǧ•‡‡••ƒ‘„”ƒ‡ˆ‡œ‰”ƒ†‡ •— ‡••‘—†‹ƒŽǡ”‡†‡†‘—• ƒ”ƒ‘”‘–‡‹”‹•–ƒŽ‹˜‡”–‘‡Ǥϐ‹Ž‡‘•–”ƒ–‘”–—”ƒǡ •ƒ†‹•‘ǡ †‡•‘‡•–‹†ƒ†‡ ‡ ‘””—’­ ‘ ‘‘ ‡Ž‡‡–‘• ‘—• ƒ “—ƒ•‡ –‘†‘• ‘• –—” ‘• ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ†‘•Ǥ –± —‹–‘ ”‡ ‡–‡‡–‡ǡ ƒ ‘„”ƒ ƒ‹†ƒ ‹’ƒ –ƒ˜ƒ ƒ ˜‹• ‘ “—‡ —‹–‘• ‘ ‹†‡–ƒ‹•–‹Šƒ†ƒ—”“—‹ƒ‡†‘•–—” ‘•10. ‰”ƒ†‡“—‡•– ‘†‡’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ‡š–‡”ƒ‡••ƒ±’‘ ƒˆ‘‹ƒ–‘ƒ†ƒ†‘‘”–‡†‘Š‹’”‡ǡ ‡ ͳͻ͹Ͷǡ –‡†‘ òŽ‡–  ‡˜‹– ‘ ‘ƒ†‘ †ƒ —”“—‹ƒǤ  ’ƒÀ• ƒ–‡˜‡ ƒ‹†ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‘ †‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘‡ ‘Ø‹ ‘ǡƒ•ƒ˜‹†ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒƒ‰‹–ƒ†ƒ‡˜‘Ž˜‹ƒ ƒ†ƒ˜‡œƒ‹•˜‹‘Ž² ‹ƒǤ     ‘ ‘•‡‰—‹ƒ –”ƒœ‡” †‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘ ‡ ‘Ø‹ ‘ ‡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒ ϐ‹ †‡ ƒƒ‹ƒ” ƒ•. ’‡•‘†‡•–ƒ•†‹ž•’‘”ƒ•ϐ‹ ‘——‹–‘ Žƒ”‘‡ƒ”­‘†‡ʹͲͳ͹ǡ“—ƒ†‘•‡†‡”ƒ–‡•Ù‡•’‘ŽÀ–‹ ƒ•‡–”‡ —”“—‹ƒ ‡ ‘Žƒ†ƒ ‡ —”“—‹ƒ ‡ Ž‡ƒŠƒǡ ‡ ˆ—­ ‘ †‘ †‡•‡Œ‘ †‘ ‰‘˜‡”‘ –—” ‘ †‡ ˆƒœ‡” ‡••‡• ’ƒÀ•‡• ƒ‹ˆ‡•–ƒ­Ù‡• Ž‹‰ƒ†ƒ• ƒ‘ ”‡ˆ‡”‡†‘ “—‡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ”‹ƒ •—ƒ ˆ‘”ƒ ‰‘˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽǡ ‡ˆ”‡–ƒ†‘ ”‡•‹•–² ‹ƒ †‡ ƒ„‘•‘•’ƒÀ•‡•ǡ‡’ƒ”–‡†‡˜‹†‘••—ƒ•’”×’”‹ƒ•‡Ž‡‹­Ù‡•‹–‡”ƒ•Ǥ 10 ’”‡‹ƒ†ƒ‡• ”‹–‘”ƒ–—” ƒǡŽ‹ˆŠƒˆƒǡ‡•—ƒ’ƒŽ‡•–”ƒ‘ƒŽǡ”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ‘‹’ƒ –‘†‡••‡ϐ‹Ž‡ƒ‘ ”‡ˆ‘”­ƒ”‡•–‡”‡×–‹’‘• —Ž–—”ƒ‹••‘„”‡‘–—” ‘ǡ“—ƒ†‘†‡•—ƒ‹ˆŸ ‹ƒǡ’ƒ••ƒ†ƒƒ—”‘’ƒǤ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣ δŠ––’•ǣȀȀ„‹–ǤŽ›Ȁʹ Ž™”•“εǤ ‡••‘‡ǣͺŒ—ǤʹͲͳͺǤ 9. MALALA, São Paulo v. 6, n. 9, jul. 2018. 81.

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