Funchal, Madeira, and the conference themes focused on nanoengineering, computational and structural

of computer based techniques, as well as laser-optics methods, nanotechnologies

and nanomaterials, among many other technological advances, added new dimension

and perspectives to minim ize or prevent catastrophic failures of engineering systems,

structures and components.

This volume contains the extendedAbstracts of the 380 papers accepted for presentation

in the IRF2013-4

1h

_{International Conference on In tegrity, Relia bility and fa ilure held in}

Funchal/Portugal, 23-27 June 2013. The book is complemented by an accompanying

CD-ROM containing the full length papers.

799 RO I R03 R05 807 809 RI I SI3 815 RI7 819 821 823 R25 827 829 13

EDlTORS PREFACE

As the engineering community continues lo cross the boundaries

Df

known practices, materiais and manufacturing techniques into lhe frontiers af new functional materiais, environrnents and applications. the opportunities for catastrophic failures w ill inevitably incrcase.

Ir

our knowledge af how to engineer systems, slTUctures and components to minimize or prevent catastrophic failure is to keep pile e with modem manufacturing technologies, the demanding applications, and the intolerance af a safety conscious society, we musl continue aur efforls to develop and use superior materiais, apply reliable analytical techniques and validate lhese with sound experimental tools. lt is with this in mind that lhis series of conferences was organised.

The objectives of this gathering are to provi de a forum for the discussion and dissemination of recent advances in assessing the integrity, reliabilily and failure of engineering structurcs, components, and assemblies, foster research in these arcas, and promote international co-operation arnong scientists and engineers in the field . The goal is to enable concerncd researchers and scientists from ali over the world to exchange ideas on mechanics, materiais and design as Ihey relate lo system integrily and reliabilily.

This fourth intemational conference, which is sponsored by the Univcrsity Df Porto, lhe University ofToronto and the University of Madeira, is part ofa prestigious series of Integrity Reliability and Failure conferences coordinated by the Intemational Scientific Committee on Mechanics and Materiais in Design. The conference atlractcd over 300 participants with 380 accepted submi ssions [rom

45

different countries around lhe world. These papers were presenled in June 23-27, 2013 in lhe magnificenl cily of Funchal, Madeira. The confcrence themcs which address integrity, reliability and failurc focu sed on Analytical and Numerical tools, Testing and Diagnostics, Surfacc and Interface Engineering, Sensors and Instrumentation, Tribology, Mechanical Design and Prototyping, Modes of Failure, Composite Materiais, Nanotcchnologies and Nanornaterials, Biomechan ícs, Energy and Thenno-Fluid Systems, Impact and Crashworthiness and Case Studies.

We are particularly indebted lo the authors and speeial gucsls for their plcnary lectures and presentations. Each of lhe more than 380 contributions offered opportunities for thorough discussions with the authors. We acknowledge ali of the participants, who contributed with innovations, new research approaches, novel modeling and simulation efforts, and invaluable criticai commems. We are also indebled to lhe outstanding plcnary lecturers who highlighled the conference thcrnes with their contributions: Professor Xiong Zhang (Tsinghua University, P. R. China), Professor E.A. Elsayed (Rutgers University, USA) and Professor Norilsugu Umehra (Nagoya University, Japan). We also take this opportunity to thank lhe members of lhe Intemational Scientific Committee and reviewers for thcir time and effort.

Last but by no means least, we offer our sincere gratitudc to the symposia organisers [ar th cir contribution to the success of the cvent and lhe local organising commíttec for attending to many aspeels oflhe conference dcmands. For ali ofthem, wc are truly very grateful.

Shaker A. Meguid alld J.F. Silva Gomes Fundlal ! Madeira, June 2013

International Scientific Committee

Abcn, H. (Estonia) Dourado, N. (Portugal) Masato, Y. (Jap'lIl) Sainov, V. (Bulgaria) Abreu, M.J. (portugal) Ebcrhardsteincr, J. (Austria) Mcda, A. (tlnly) Santos, J.M. (Portugal) Adali, S. (5. Africa) Estcvcs, l.L. (Portugal) Mcguid, S.A. (e:mada) Santos, Telmo (Portugal)

Afonso, C.F. (Portugal) Fanguciro. R. (Portugal) Melo, F.Q. (Portugal) Serncnski, D. (Croatia) Alcxopoulos, N. (Grecec) Fernandes, A.A. (Portugal) Milciko, S.T. (Russia) Silva, AJ. (Portugal) Alves, A. (Portugal) Ferreira, D. (Portugal) Millcr. R.E. (Canada) Silva. Lucas (Portugal)

António,

c.c.

(Portugal) Ferreira, J.G. (Portugal) Mines, R. (UK) Silva Gomes, l.F. (Portugnl) Banks-Sil1s, L (Israel ) FiúZll, A. (Portugal) Miranda, R. (Portugal) Sjõdahl, M. (Sweden) Baptista, J.S. (Portugal) Fonseca E. (Portugal) Morcim, F. (Portugal) Soares, C.M. (Portugal) Barros, R.C. (Portugal) Gdoutos, E. (Grecce) Moreira, P. (Portugal) Sousa, LC. (Portugal) Bathe, K.1. (USA) Gcraldes, M. (Portugal Morimoto, Y. (Japan) Sousa, R. (Portugal) Botsis, J. (Switzcrli,lnd) Guedes, R.M. (Portugal) Moura, M.F. (Portugal) Suleman, Afzal (Portugal) Brcrnand, F. (Franee) Hejum, Ou (Singapore) Muc, Aleksander (Poland) Takagi, T. (Japan) Caetano, E. (Portugal) 19artua, A. (Spain) Navarro, C. (Spain) Talllia, M. (Portugal) ClImllnho, P. (Portugal) Ignaszak, Z. (Poland) Navas, H. (Portugal) Tamalsky, E. (Bmzil) Campos, lR. (Portugal) Iliescu, N. (Romania) Pappalettere, C. ([taly) Tamuzs, V. (Latvia) Castro, C.F. (Ponugal) Jones, N. (UK) Pieczyska, E. (Poland) Tavares, 1M. (Portugal) Castro, P.T. (Portugal) Jorge, R.N. (Ponugal) Piloto, P. (Portugal) Tavares, P. (Portugal) Catarino, A. (Portugal) Kahlen, F-J. (S. Africa) Pindera, M,J. (USA) Thomscn, O.T. (Denmark) Cavalcante, M. (Brazil) Klein, W. (Genmllly) Prime, M. (USA) Tooren, M,J. (Netherlands) Chen, T. (Taiwan) Kourkoulis, S. (Greece) Quc!has, O. (Brazil) TrumtlO, C.E. (UK) Chenot, J-L (France) Laermann, K. (Germany) Ramesh, K. (Jndia) VanHemc!rijck, D. (Belgium) Cime, J. (Portugal) Langseth, M. (Norway) Reddy, J.N. (USA) Varom, H. (Portugal) Correia, A. (Ponugal) Lima, G. (Brazi]) Restivo, M.T. (Ponugal) Vasques, C. (Ponugal)

Croccolo, D. (ltaly) Lino, J. (Ponugal) Ribeiro, J.E. (Portugal) Vaz, Mnrio P. (Ponugal) Cunha, A. (Ponugal) Lopes, H. (Ponugal) Robinson, J. (Ircland) Vilas-Boas, l (Portugal) Daua, S. (USA) Lu, Jian (I~ong Kong) Rocha, A.B. (Portugal) Wang, Wci-Chung (Taiwan) Degrieck, J. (Belgium) Madureira, L (Portugal) Rodrigues, H. (Portugal) Weng, G. (USA)

Dias, G. (Ponugal) Maia, Lino (Portugal) Rodrigues, lO. (Portuglll) Yoneyama, Satoro (Japan) Dietrich, L. (Poland) Mal, A. (USA) Ruiz, G. (Spain) Yoon, Y.C. (Singapore) Diago, M.T. (Portugal) Marques, A.T. (Portugal) Ruzieka, M. (Czech R.l Zhang, Z. (China)

J)

Institutional Sponsors

FEUP

MADL

CCEE

Ul1iversily Df Porto Portugal

Ulliversity ofToronto Callada

University of Madeira Portugal

Co-Chairs

J.F. Silva Gomes

CU.

PorIa)

Shaker A. Meguid

C

U.

Toronto)

Organizing Committee

Carlos C. Antánio, CHto F. Afonso, José M. Cime

Lino Maia, Mário A.P. Vaz, Paulo G. Piloto, Pedro M.G.P. Moreira

Conference Secretariat

Nuno Pinto, Lurdcs Calalino, Carla Gonçalves M.F. Silva Gomes,

lVi/h lhe mppor/ of

ABREU-pea, Profcssional Congress Organizcr (http://pco.abrcu.pt) Mcrcatura Confcrcncc Systcrn (http://www.mcrcatura.pt)

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xxx

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

IRF2013 confercnce is sponsored by the following institutions, whose contributions are gratefully acknowledged:

FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porlo MADL-Mechanics Gnd Aerospace Design Lab, Universily ofToronto CCEE-Cenlro de Ciências Exae/as e de Engenharia, Universidade da A1adeira

Governo Regional da Madeira

IVBAM-lllstitllto do Vinho, do Bordado e do Artesanato da Madeira, !.P. APAET-Porlugucse Associatioll for Experimental Mechanics

EURASEM-El/ropean Sacie'y for Experimental Mechanics SEM-American Saciely for Experimental Mechanics

BSSM-British Saciely for Stl'ain A1easuremenl JSME-Japallcse Society of Mechanical Engilleering

IMEKO-Inlernational Measuremenl Conjederation AFM-Associatioll Française de MécGnique DY.MAT-EuropeaJl Associationjor Dynamics of Materiais INEG1-lnstitulo de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial

LABIOMEP-Laboralório de Biomecânica do Porto FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia ABREU-PCO, Professional Congress Organize/'

(grORTO

_{••••••••}

••••••••

MEDiANlCS ANO AEROSPACE DE5IGN lAB

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TRACKS

I

MAIN TOPICS:

Topic_ A: Analytical and Numerical 1001s Topic_B: Testing and Diagnostics

Topic_ C: Surface and lnterlàce Engincering Topic_D: Civil Engineering Applications Topic_ E: Sensors and Instrumentation Topic_ F: Tribology, Geurs and Transmissions Topic _ G: Mechanical Design and Protolyping Topic _H: Modes af Failurc

Topic_I: Composite Materiais

Topic_J: Nanotechnologics and Nanomaterials Topic _ K: Biomechanical Applications Topic_L: Encrgy and Thenno-Fluid Systems Topic_M: Impact and Crashworthiness Topic_N: Case Studies

SPECIAL SYMPOSIA:

Symp_OI: Smarl Materiais and Structures

Coordinafor: MJ. Gera/des (UBI)

Symp_03: lmaging and Vizualization

Coordinator: João Tavares (U.Porto)

Symp_04: OpticaI Techniques ofExperimental Mechanics in Dcsign

Coordinators: Hernani Lopes (lPB), João Ribeiro (IPB)

Symp_05: Blood Flow Mcchanical Behaviour

Coordinalors: Catarina Castro (U.Porto), Luisa Sousa (U.Porto)

Symp _ 06: Integrity, Reliability and Failure in Dental Materiais

Coordinalors: J.c. Reis Campos (U.Porlo), André Correia (U.Porto)

Symp_ 07: Mechanical Characterization ofBone Behaviour

Coordinators: Marcelo Moura (U.Porto), Nl11l0 Dourado (UTAD)

Symp _ 1o: Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Coordinalor: Carlos C. António (U.Porto)

Symp _ 11: Innovative Joining Processes

Coordillalors: Pedro Moreira (lNEGl/ U.Porto), LlIcas Silva (U.Porto)

Symp _12: Vibration and Structural Acoustic Analysis

COOl'dinalor: César Vasqlles (INEGI)

Symp_ 13: Dynamics, Stability and Control in Engineering Structures

Coordinator: Rui C. Barros (U. Porto)

Symp 14: Assessment, Monitoring and Control ofCivil Engineering Structurcs

- Coordillalors: Álvaro Cunha (U.Porto), Eisa Caetano (U.Porto)

Symp_ 15: Behaviour Characterization ofConstructions for Earthquake Demands

Coordinators: Humberto Vantm (U.Aveiro), Hugo Rodrigues (U.Aveiro)

Symp_ 17: Concrete Material Perfonnance

Coordinators: Nuno Dourado (UTAD), Marcelo Moura (U.Porto)

Symp_J 8: Safety ofWooden Structures

Coordinalors: Elza Fonseca (IPB), Débora Ferreira (IPB)

Symp_ 19: Occupational Safety and Health

Coordinators: J. Santos Baptista (U.Porlo), M Tato Diogo (U.Porto), Gilson Lima

(LATEC), Osvaldo Quelhas (LATEC)

Symp_20: Thclll10dynamics and Thenno-Fluid Systems

Coordiflators: Clilo F. Afonso (U.Porto), Carlos C. Anlól/io (U.Porlo)

Symp_21: Lean and Green Manufacturing

Coordinators: AI/abeta Alves (U.Minho), Rui SOl/sa (U. Minho), Franz-Josef Kallen (U. Cape Town)

Symp_26: Advanccs in Fibrous and Composite MateriaIs for Civil Engineering

Coordillators: Raul Fanglleiro (U. Minha), Sohel Rana (U.Minho)

Symp_27: Structural Health Monitoring of Advanced Structures

Coordinators: Júlio C. Viana (CriticaI MateriaIs, SA), Gustavo Dias

(CriticaI Malerials, SA)

Symp_28: Fire and StructuraI Engineering

Coordinators: Paulo G. Piloto (IPB), Alberto Medo (U. Roma)

Symp_29: Metrology, Quality Contrai and Reliability

Coordinator: Helena v.G. Novas (FCT/ UNL)

Symp_30: MedicaI Devices and Healthcare Materiais

Coordinators: Maria José Abreu (U.Minho), André Calarino (U.Minha)

Symp_31: Micromechanics and Homogenization af Hctcrogeneous Media

Coordinalors: Marek-Jerzy Pindem (U. Virginia), Marcio Cavalcante (U.Alagoas)

Symp_32: Failure and Fatigue ofStructural Elements

Coordinator: Aleksander Muc (Cracow U.T.)

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20J3

RECENT ADVANCES IN

INTEGRITY -RELlABILlTY -FAILURE

J.F. Silva Gomes, Shaker A. Meguid (Ed)

Proceedings IRF2013

4th International Conference on Integrity, Reliability and Failure

FunchallPortugal, 23-27 June 2013

SYMPOSIUM_18

Safety

Df

Wooden Structures

Coordinators:

Elza M.M. Fonseca")

Departmenl af Applied Mechanics, Polylechnic Institule of Bragança. Portugal

Débora RS.M. Ferreira" )

Departmenl of Applied Mechanics, Polytechnic Institule Df Bragança, Portugal

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20/3

/NTEGRlTY, RELlABILlTYAND FAILURE

PAPER REF: 4090

THERMAL ANAL YSIS OF WOOD-STEEL HYBRID CONSTRUCTION

E.M.M. Fonscca(*', H.I\'I.E. Rumos, H.J.G. Silva, D.R.S.M. Ferreira

Polytcchnic Inslitulc af Bragança, Bragança, Portugal

(* IEmail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this work is to provi de the thermal analysis in wood-steel hybrid elemenls for building constructions under fire conditions. A transient thennal analysis \Vith nonlinear material behaviour will be solved with ANSYS programo The use of wood-steel hybrid models has major advantages as increascd fire resistance, and improvcd high strength. Wood is a Iightweight material , easy to assemble, great architectural features, thermal and acoustic characteristics. However, lhe high vulnerabílity af wooden clements under fire, involves evaluating their behaviour accurately. Its physical behaviour is conditioned by the charring layer fonnation, which may allow the insulation into the structural scction. The steel is a curreot use material allowing high structural strength. However, steel is a 000-combustible material, aod when compared with wood is a very good conductor of heat. Consequently, the unprotectcd sections of steel under fire quickly heats , and the fire resistance decreases considerably. The numerical modelling of thesc hybrid models, providing the analysis at high temperatures, is complicated due to the heat produced, to form a layer of carbonizalion surrounding lhe wood, and also the properties of both materiais are nontincar. Using a computer model,

it

wilI become possible to calculate lhe fire resistance of these hybrid elements, an important parameter for safety and design rules.

KeYlVords:

wood-stcel, hybrid construction, tire, numerical model.

INTROOUCTION

The use of hybrid materiaIs could increase the structural integrity of the construction elements. Steel material has many advantages over wood elements, strength, stabilily, resistance lo woodwonn, among olhers. Steel is incombustible and most of lhe times it can full recover strenglh afier fire but, steel material conducts heat extremely well, (lan et aI , 2002), (Barbosa et aI, 2012). Wood is a renewable resouree, rceently attraeted by public attention. Wood is a natural material with good structural characteristics. The wood when exposed to accidental actions, such as fire conditions, has a surrouDding charring depth. However, lhis layer can delay the heating process lO the core section, acting as an insulating. [n Ihi, work wood-stcel hybrid pro files subjected to fire are presented lo verify the best solution used in design construction. The complexity of tbis analysis nccds some numerical techniques with high performance, which is the case of the fioite element analysis.

RESULTS ANO CONCLUSIONS

The thermal properties of steel and wood are function of the temperature and s hould be determined from the Eurocode 3 (CEN 1995) and Eurocode 5 (CEN 2004), as represented in figure I.

4/1_{• /llJemaJional Conference on /lItegriJy, ReliabiliJy anel Failllre}

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Conclusions are prcsented and discussed about lbe importance of lhe temperaturc field obtained in wood-slee! hybrid sections using a finite element modelling.

According to the rcsults, wood elern cnts present lower temperatures than steel, and lhe maximum temperature is always inside lhe char layer, The wood-steel hybrid profile can to perform well under fire conditions. Regarding the design construction (outside wood af the steel profile), it is concluded that it has a good fire resistance, even for the three sides fire exposure, showing the ability ofwood to protect the stecl, as shown in figure 2.

CAO model 20 numerical anlllysis 3D numerical nnulysis -

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REFERENCES

[I]-Jan, K., Phil, C" Making Sleel Framing as Thermally Efficient as Wood Most Currenl Developments ITom ORNL, Proceedings of the Thirleenlh Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hol and Humid Climates, Houslon, TX, ESL-HH-02-05-40, 2002,

[2]-Barbosa, L.F,M.; Almeida, P,M.L.; Fonseca, E.M.M.; Barreira, L.M.S.; Coelho, D,C,S.; Hybrid waod/steel elements under fire, lntemational Congress Fire Computer Modeling, Universidad de Canlabria, pp. 407-420, ISBN 978-84-86 116-69-9, 20 12,

[3]EN 199312:1995. Eurocode 3: Design of Structures Part 12: General Rules -Structural Fire Design, CEN, 1995.

[4]-EN 1995-1-2:2004. Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures, Part 1-2: General-Struclural fire design, CEN, 2004.