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REVISTA
BRASILEIRA
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Entomologia
AJournalonInsectDiversityandEvolutionBiology,
Ecology
and
Diversity
Insect
galls
of
a
protected
remnant
of
the
Atlantic
Forest
tableland
from
Rio
de
Janeiro
State
(Brazil)
Valéria
Cid
Maia,
Sheila
Patrícia
Carvalho-Fernandes
∗LaboratóriodeDiptera,DepartamentodeEntomologia,MuseuNacional,UniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,RJ,Brazil
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Articlehistory: Received11June2015 Accepted15September2015 Availableonline9October2015 AssociatedEditor:GustavoGraciolli Keywords: Cecidomyiidae Gall-inducinginsects Guaxindiba SoutheastRegion
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InsectgallsofaprotectedremnantoftheAtlanticForesttablelandfromRiodeJaneiroState(Brazil): GallinginsectsinRiodeJaneirostateareknownbytheirgreatdiversity,despitemostofthesurveys havebeendoneinrestinga.ThispaperinvestigatedtheinsectgallsfromaremnantofAtlanticForest locatedinSãoFranciscodeItabapoanamunicipality,RiodeJaneirostate,Brazil.Thegallinginsectfauna wassurveyedfromMarch,2013toApril,2014attheEstac¸ãoEcológicaEstadualdeGuaxindiba.143 gallmorphotypeswerefoundin31plantfamilies,60generaand82species.Fabaceae,Myrtaceaeand Sapindaceaewerethemainhostfamilies,beingTrichilia,TonteleaandEugeniathemainhostgenera.Most gallsoccuredonleaves,withgloboseshape,greenandglabrous.Diptera(Cecidomyiidae),Hemiptera,and Lepidopteraweretheinducingordersandtheassociatedfaunacomprisedparasitoids(Hymenoptera), inquilines(Lepidoptera,Coleoptera,andHemiptera:Coccoidea),successors(Psocoptera,Collembolaand Acari),andpredators(Pseudoscorpiones).Threeplantgeneraandnineplantspeciesarerecordedforthe firsttimeashostofgallsinBrazil.Alltherecordsarenewtothemunicipality,andthedistributionof15 gallingspeciesisextendedtotheNorthofthestateofRiodeJaneiro.
©2015SociedadeBrasileiradeEntomologia.PublishedbyElsevierEditoraLtda.Thisisanopen accessarticleundertheCCBY-NC-NDlicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Introduction
TheAtlanticForestcomprisesseveralphytophysiognomies,one ofthem is the lowlandsemideciduousseasonal rainforest,also called“TablelandForest”or“TabuleiroForest”.Thisphysiognomy isdistinguishedfromtheotherAtlanticForestformationby occu-pyinganextensiveplainorcoastal“tabuleiro”ofTertiaryorigin. Thebotanicalspeciesaredistributedalongaclimaticgradientfrom thecoasttotheinterior(Rizzini,1979)andtheinteriorgenerally presentslowdensityofcrawlingvegetationandtheoccurrenceof epiphytespecies(Ruschi,1950).Theplantssclerophyllyisother distinguishingcharacteristic(Rizzini,1979).
Insectgall inventorieshave been developed in Atlantic For-estareasofthestateofRiodeJaneiro(Maia,2013a,b;Rodrigues et al., 2014), as wellas in other Brazilian states of the South-eastern Region, suchas São Paulo (Maia et al., 2008), Espírito Santo(Bregoncietal.,2010;Maiaetal.,2014),andMinasGerais
(Maia,2013b,2014).Theseinventoriesfocusedmainlyonrestingas,
butombrophilousforestandaltitudefieldshavebeenalso inves-tigated.The restinga inventories totaled 476gallmorphotypes,
∗ Correspondingauthor.
E-mail:sheilapcfernandes@gmail.com(S.P.Carvalho-Fernandes).
whichareinducedbyDiptera,Lepidoptera,Hemiptera,Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, and Hymenoptera species, being Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) the most frequent galling taxon (Maia, 2013a). The ombrophilousforestandaltitudefieldstogethertotaled518 mor-photypesandincludethesamegallinginsecttaxa.Nostudyhas beenperformedinTabuleiroForest.
Thegallinginsectsareconsideredtheoneofthemost sophisti-catedherbivores,astheyareabletocontrolandredirectthehost planttotheiradvantage(AbrahamsonandWeis,1997;Shorthouse etal.,2005).Theyinducegalls,abnormalincreasesinthenumber and/orsizeofplantcellsresultingintheformationofa symmetri-calstructure(s)ononeormoreorgansofahostplant(Mani,1964;
Raman,2007).
The Estac¸ão Ecológica Estadual de Guaxindiba (EEEG) (21◦2428S-41◦533W) is situated in the northeast portion ofthestateofRiodeJaneiro,inthemunicipalityofSãoFrancisco de Itabapoana, and is the biggest Tabuleiro Forest remnant of thestate.TheEEEG spreadsover 3,260hectares,but theforest is distributed along a stretch of 12,000 hectares. It hosts rare andtypicalplantsofTabuleiroForest,suchasParatecomaperoba Kuhlm (Bignoniaceae), commonly known as “ipê peroba”, as well as plants of high economic value, namely, Aspidosperma polyneurumMüll.Arg.(Apocynaceae),Tabebuiaspp.GomesexDC (Bignoniaceae),CopaiferalucensDwyer(Fabaceae),andCariniana
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.001
0085-5626/© 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
legalis(Mart.)Kuntze(Lecythidaceae).Itisinternationallyknown asa worldheritagesitebyUNESCO,beingcharacterizedascore areaofAtlanticForestBiosphereReserve(Inea,2015).
Thepresentstudyrepresentsthefirstcontributiontothe knowl-edgeofthegallinginsectfaunafromanareaofTabuleiroForest.
Materialandmethods
TheEEEGwasinvestigatedforinsectgallsduringMarch,May, July, and September 2013, and April, 2014, totalizing five sci-entificexpeditions.The vegetationof fourtrailswasexamined: MarceloTrindade (S21◦ 2455-WO41◦ 0438), ColégioAgrícola (S21◦2356.1-WO4◦0444.0),Vera(S21◦2426-WO41◦0459), andAbelha(S21◦2440.7-WO41◦0453.7)ineachexpedition,as well as in the surrounding area of the Charco (S21◦2459.7 -W041◦0435.5).EachtrailandtheCharcoareawereinvestigated by fourhoursper expedition. All plantorgans were examined, exceptfor the subterraneous roots.Galled plants werepressed foridentificationandpreservation. Driedplantsweredeposited intheherbariumoftheUniversidadeFederalRuraldaAmazônia (UFRAM).TheplantswereidentifiedbyDr.GracialdaCosta Fer-reira(UFRAM),accordingtoAPGIII.Allbotanicnameswereupdated basedontheListadeEspéciesdaFloradoBrasil(2015),andeach specieswasclassifiedasnativeorendemicofBrazilbasedonthe samesite.Allgallmorphotypeswerephotographed,usingadigital camera.Eachmorphotypewascharacterizedbasedonshape,plant organ,color,presenceorabsenceoftrichomes,numberof inter-nalchambers,andinducinginsect,asinotherBrazilianinventories
(Maia,2013b,2014;Maiaetal.,2014).Foreachgallmorphotype,
previousrecordsfromotherBrazilianinventoriesareprovided. Toobtainthegallinginsects,eachgallmorphotypewas indi-viduallykeptin labeledplastic potslayeredatthebottomwith dampcottonandcoveredbyfinescreening.Allpotswerechecked
dailyforemergence.Thespecimenswerepreservedin70% alco-holandlatermountedonmicroscopeslidesfollowingthemethod
inGagné(1994).ThegallmidgeswereidentifiedbyVCMbased
onthegallmorphology,hostplantandoriginaldescriptions.All material is deposited in the entomologicalcollection of Museu Nacional/UniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiro(MNRJ).
Resultsanddiscussion
Atotalof143gallmorphotypeswerefoundin31plantfamilies, 60generaand82species.Theaveragenumberofgallmorphotypes perplantspecieswas1.74.InotherAtlanticForestinventories,the gallrichnesshasrangedfrom36(IlhaGrande,AngradosReis,RJ)to 265(SantaTeresa,ES),butsimilarvalueswererecordedin Maram-baia,RJ(n=147)andSãoTomédasLetras,MG(n=152),theformer comprisesrestingaareasandthelatterforestsandaltitudinalfields. Thisrangecanbeexplainedbydifferentcollectingeffortsaswell asbydifferencesinplantrichness.
Fabaceae was the botanical family with the greatest num-ber of galledspecies (n=12) and the highest richness of galls (n=28),followed by Myrtaceae and Sapindaceae, both with13 gallmorphotypesineightandfourgalledplantspecies, respec-tively.Bignoniaceaewerethefourthfamilyinnumber ofgalled species(n=11),followedbyMeliaceae(n=9).Theotherfamilies presentedfourorlessgalledspeciesandnineorlessgall morpho-types(Table1).
InseveralBrazilianinventories,FabaceaeandMyrtaceaehave beenindicatedastherichestplantfamiliesinnumberofgall mor-photypes (Santos et al., 2011b; Costa et al., 2014; Maia et al., 2014).Sapindaceae andBignoniaceae arecommonly present in theseinventories,butnotassuperhostfamilies.
The genera with the highest gall richness were Trichilia P. Browne (Meliaceae) with nine morphotypes, Tontelea Miers Table1
RichnessofgallmorphotypesbyplantfamiliesinEstac¸ãoEcológicaEstadualdeGuaxindiba(SãoFranciscodeItabapoana,RJ,Brazil).
Galledfamilies Numberofgalledgenera Numberofgalledspecies Numberofgallmorphotypes
Anacardiaceae 02 02 04 Annonaceae 01 01 01 Apocynaceae 01 01 01 Bignoniaceae 05 07 11 Boraginaceae 01 01 03 Burseraceae 01 01 04 Celastraceae 01 01 02 Chrysobalanaceae 01 01 01 Combretaceae 01 01 01 Erythroxylaceae 01 01 01 Euphorbiaceae 03 03 03 Fabaceae 12 12 28 Hippocrateaceae 01 02 07 Hypericaceae 01 01 01 Malpighiaceae 03 03 06 Malvaceae 01 01 02 Meliaceae 01 09 09 Moraceae 01 02 03 Myrtaceae 04 08 13 Nyctaginaceae 01 02 04 Ochnaceae 01 01 01 Olacaceae 01 01 02 Peraceae 01 01 01 Phyllantheaceae 01 01 02 Rubiaceae 01 01 01 Rutaceae 02 02 06 Salicaceae 01 03 03 Sapindaceae 03 04 13 Sapotaceae 02 03 05 Smilacaceae 01 01 01 Verbenaceae 01 02 01 Total 60 82 143
(Hippocrateaceae),EugeniaL. (Myrtaceae),SerjaniaMill. (Sapin-daceae)eachwithsevenmorphotypes,AlbiziaDurazz.(Fabaceae) (Meliaceae) and Machaerium Pers. with six gall morphotypes. Amongthem,onlyEugeniawasalreadycitedassuperhostgenus inBrazilianinventories(Maiaetal.,2014).
Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (Burseraceae) pre-sentedthehighestnumberofgallmorphotypes(n=4)amongthe identifiedplantspecies,butitcannotbeconsideredasasuperhost, becausefourotherplants(identifiedonlyatgenuslevel)showed sixorsevenmorphotypes.
Among thehost plants, 11 are endemic of Brazil: Erythrox-ylumpauferrense Plowman (Erythroxylaceae), Eugenia bunchosi-ifolia Nied. (Myrtaceae), Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard. (Sapotaceae), Ouratea cuspidata (A. St.-Hil.) Engl. (Ochnaceae), PaulliniaracemosaWawra,PaulliniaweinmanniifoliaMart.,Matayba juglandifolia(Cambess.)Radlk.(Sapindaceae),Stigmaphyllon lalan-dianumA. Juss.(Malpighiaceae),Neoraputiaalba (Nees &Mart.) EmmerichexKallunki(Rutaceae),SmilaxkukroviiGriseb. (Smila-caceae),andTrichiliaelegansA.Juss.(Meliaceae).Theothersare native.NoexoticplantspecieswasfoundasgallshostinEEEG.
Amongtheendemicplants,T.elegans,P.racemosa,andP. wein-manniifoliahave thewidest geographical distribution in Brazil. Thefirsthasbeenrecordedin Acre,Pará(North Region),Bahia, Ceará,Maranhão(NortheastRegion),DistritoFederal,Goiás,Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso (Midwest Region), Espírito-Santo, MinasGerais,RiodeJaneiro,SãoPaulo(SoutheastRegion),Paraná, RioGrande doSul,and SantaCatarina(SouthRegion); the sec-ond in Pará (North Region), Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte (Northeast Region), EspíritoSanto,MinasGerais,RiodeJaneiroandSãoPaulo (South-eastRegion);thethirdinAlagoas,Bahia,Paraíba,Pernambuco,Rio GrandedoNorteandSergipe(NortheastRegion),EspíritoSantoand RiodeJaneiro(SoutheastRegion).M.juglandifoliaoccursinBahia (NortheastRegion),Goiás(MidwestRegion),MinasGerais,Riode JaneiroandSãoPaulo(SoutheastRegion).N.albaisrestrictedto Bahia,EspíritoSanto,MinasGeraisandRiodeJaneiro.E. bunchosi-ifoliaoccursonlyintheSoutheast(RiodeJaneiroandSãoPaulo) andSouthregions(Paraná);M.sericeatoo(inEspíritoSanto,Minas Gerais,Riode Janeiro,SãoPaulo,Paranáand SantaCatarina).S. lalandianumhasamorerestricteddistribution,whichincludesonly theSoutheastRegion,and E.pauferrenseisrestrictedtoasingle state,Paraíba,intheNortheastRegion(ListadeEspéciesdaFlora
doBrasil,2015).So,thisisthefirstrecordofE.pauferrenseinthe
SoutheastRegion.
Theendemicplantshost19gallmorphotypes.Asthegallersare species-specificandmonophagous,these19morphotypescanbe consideredasendemictoo.Amongthem,onlytwomorphotypes werealreadyknown(onP.weinmaniifoliaandOurateacuspidata). Theothers(n=17)representnewgallmorphotypes.
Threeplant genera and nine plant species are recorded for the first time as host of galls in Brazil: Albizia Durazz., Tonte-lea Miers. (Hippocrateaceae), Metrodorea A. St.-Hil. (Rutaceae), Martinella obovata (Kunth) Bureau & K. Schum (Bignoniaceae), Erythroxylum pauferrense Plown (Erythroxylaceae), Pachystroma longifolium(Nees.)I.M.Johnst(Euphorbiaceae),Chloroleucon aca-cioides (Ducke) Barneby & J. W. Grimes, Trichilia rubra C. DC. (Meliaceae),EugeniabunchosiifoliaNied.(Myrtaceae),Neoraputia alba(Nees&Mart.)EmmerichexKallunki(Rutaceae),Matayba jug-landifolia(Cambess.)Radlk.(Sapindaceae),andSmilaxkrukoviiA.C. Sm.(Smilacaceae).
Gallswere foundonleaves(petiole, veins and leafsurface), stems,tendrils,buds,flowerbudsandinflorescence.Leaves com-prisedthegreatestrichnessofgallmorphotypes(n=101)(Table2). ThisresultrepresentsaglobalpatternpointedbyFelt(1940)and confirmedinseveralinventories(Maiaetal.,2014).Themajorityof thegallsshowedplantorganespecificity(n=134).Thisspecificity
Table2
NumberofinsectgallmorphotypesperplantorgansinEstac¸ãoEcológicaEstadual deGuaxindiba(SãoFranciscodeItabapoana,RJ,Brazil).
Plantorgans Numberofgallmorphotypes
Leaf 101
Stem 17
Bud 13
Inflorescenceorflowerbud 02
Fruit 01
Tendril+leaf(vein) 01
Petiole+stem 02
Stem+tendril 01
Stem+leaf(vein) 01 Tendril+leaf(vein)+petiole+stem 04
Table3
NumberofinsectgallmorphotypespershapesinEstac¸ãoEcológicaEstadualde Guaxindiba(SãoFranciscodeItabapoana,RJ,Brazil).
Shapes Numberofgallmorphotypes
Globose 38 Fusiform 36 Conical 20 Circular 18 Roll 11 Cylindrical 11 Ovoid 04 Discoid 02 Circular-globose 01 Fold 01 Kidney-shaped 01
iscitedbyseveralauthors(Dreger-JauffretandShorthouse,1992;
Floateetal.,1996).
Themajorityofthemorphotypeswereglobose,glabrousand one-chambered, as in all other Brazilian inventories (Table 3) (Maia et al., 2014). Only 7% (n=10) presented trichomes or micropubescence; 5.5% were multi-chambered (n=8), two gall morphotypes(1.4%)hadoneormoreinternalchamberanda sin-gle morphotype wasmassive (without chamber) (probablythe gallisstillyoung).Therewasanevidentpredominanceofgreen (n=87)andbrown(n=46)galls,thecolorsofthemostgalledplant organs(leavesandstem,respectively).But,yellow(n=2)and red-dish(n=3)gallswerealsofound.Infourmorphotypes,thecolor varied(green,whiteorred)andthisvariationwasnotrelatedto thegallmaturity,asyoungandmaturegallspresentedbothcolors. ThesecolorsareusuallymentionedinBrazilianinventories,aswell asthepredominanceofgreenandbrowncolors(Maiaetal.,2014). About32% of thegallers (n=46) were identified at least at order category. The remaining inducers were not identified by three reasons: (1) the galls were already empty, (2) two or more differentdwellers wereobtainedfrom thesame galland theirfoodhabitcouldnotbedeterminedand(3)onlyparasitoid waspswereobtained. Amongtheidentifiedgallers,threeinsect orderswererepresented:Diptera(Cecidomyiidae),Hemiptera,and Lepidoptera, with a clear predominance of the first (Table 4). Cecidomyiidaeareinfactthemaingallingtaxonthroughttheworld
(Felt,1940).
Table4
NumberofinsectgallmorphotypespergallinginsectorderinEstac¸ãoEcológica EstadualdeGuaxindiba(SãoFranciscodeItabapoana,RJ,Brazil).
Insectorder Numberofgallmorphotypes
Diptera 39
Hemiptera 06
Lepidoptera 01
Table5
ArthropodfaunaassociatedwithinsectgallsinEstac¸ãoEcológicaEstadualdeGuaxindiba(SãoFranciscodeItabapoana,RJ,Brazil).
Family HostPlant Galler Gallmorphotype Associatedfauna Guild Figure Anacardiaceae Schinusterebinthifolius Notdetermined Globosestemgall Acarina successor 2
Bignoniaceae Bignoniasp.1 Cecidomyiidae Stem,vein,petiole,tendrilswelling Hymenoptera parasitoid 7
Martinellaobovata Cecidomyiidae Stem,vein,petiole,tendrilswelling Hymenoptera parasitoid 11
Pyrostegiasp. Cecidomyiidae Conicalleafgall Hymenoptera parasitoid 12
Bignoniaceaesp.1 Cecidomyiidae Fusiformveingall Hymenoptera parasitoid 14
Erythroxylaceae Erytyhroxylumpauferrense Notdetermined Conicalleafgall Hymenoptera parasitoid 20
Fabaceae Acaciasp. Notdetermined Stemswelling Hymenoptera parasitoid 25
Acaciasp. Notdetermined Budgall Hymenoptera parasitoid 26
Albiziasp. Cecidomyiidae Circularleafgall Acarina successor 29
Machaeriumsp. Notdetermined Globoseleafgall Hymenoptera parasitoid 43
Machaeriumsp. Notdetermined Budgall Hymenoptera parasitoid 45
Hippocrateaceae Tonteleasp.1 Notdetermined Stemswelling Baridinae(Coleoptera,Curculionidae) inquiline 56
Hypericaceae Hypericaceaesp. Notdetermined Conicalleafgall Hymenoptera parasitoid 59
Meliaceae Trichiliaelegans Notdetermined Stemswelling Hymenoptera parasitoid 67
Trichiliasp.3 Notdetermined Stemswelling Hymenoptera parasitoid 71
Trichiliasp.7 Notdetermined Stemswelling Hymenoptera parasitoid 75
Moraceae Ficussp.1 Notdetermined Circularleafgall Hymenoptera parasitoid 76
Myrtaceae Eugeniabunchosiifolia Cecidomyiidae Marginalleafroll Hymenoptera parasitoid 79
Eugeniabunchosiifolia Cecidomyiidae Marginalleafroll Lepidoptera inquiline 79
Eugeniabunchosiifolia Cecidomyiidae Marginalleafroll Coccoidea(Hemiptera) inquiline 79
Eugeniabunchosiifolia Cecidomyiidae Marginalleafroll Psocoptera successor 79
Eugeniabunchosiifolia Cecidomyiidae Marginalleafroll Collembola successor 79
Eugeniasp.1 Notdetermined Conicalleafgall Hemiptera inquiline 82
Eugeniasp.3 Notdetermined Globoseleafgall Collembola successor 84
Eugeniasp.3 Notdetermined Globoseleafgall Hymenoptera parasitoid 84
Olacaceae Olacaceae(notdetermined) Notdetermined Globoseleafgall Pseudoscorpiones predator 94
Salicaceae Caseariasp.3 Notdetermined Budgall Hymenoptera parasitoid 106
Sapindaceae Serjaniasp. Notdetermined Cylindricalleafgall Hymenoptera parasitoid 114
Serjaniasp. Cecidomyiidae Stem,tendril,petiole,veinswelling Hymenoptera parasitoid 115
Sapotaceae Pouteriasp.2 Notdetermined Budgall Hymenoptera parasitoid 122
Verbenaceae Lantanacamara Cecidomyiidae Stemandpetioleswelling Hymenoptera parasitoid 124
AllgallrecordsarenewtoSão FranciscodeItabapoana and thegeographicaldistributionof15gallingspeciesisextendedto theNorth ofthestate ofRio deJaneiro:Calophya terebinthifolii
BurckhardtandBasset,2000(Psyllidae,Hemiptera),Asphondylia
cf. cordiae Möhn, 1959, Bruggmannia acaudata Maia, 2004a,b, Bruggmanniella byrsonimae Maia and Couri, 1992, Bruggmannia elongata Maia and Couri, 1993, Bruggmanniella maytenuseMaia
and Couri, 1992, Bruggmannia robusta Maia and Couri, 1993,
Cordiamyia globosa Maia, 1996,Dactylodiplosis heptaphylliMaia,
2004a,b,Dasineurabyrsonimae Maia,2010,Dasineuramyrciariae
Maia,1993,IatrophobiabrasiliensisRübsaamen,1916,Mayteniella
distincta Maia, 2001, Neolasioptera sp., and Paulliniamyia ampla Maia,2001(Cecidomyiidae).
The most common gall shapes were globose (n=39) and fusiform(n=36),asinotherBrazilianinventories(Maiaetal.,2014). Butothershapeswereverified,suchasconical,cylindrical,circular, ovoid,amongothers.
The associated fauna comprised parasitoids (Hymenoptera), inquilines (Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera: Coccoidea), successors (Psocoptera, Collembola and Acari), and predators (Pseudoscorpiones)(Table5).Hymenopterawerethemost com-mon,beingobtainedfrom21gallmorphotypes,whereastheothers wereobtainedfromtwooronemorphotypeonly.Allofthesetaxa havealreadybeenrecordedasassociatedfauna(Maia,2001a;Maia
andFernandes,2004).Nevertheless,someofthemareveryrare,as
pseudoscorpioningalls(Maia,2001a).InBrazil,onlythreerecords ofpseudoscorpionsingallsareknown:Novohorussp.1(Olpiidae)in gallsofStephomyiarotundifoliorumMaia,1994(Cecidomyiidae)on EugeniaastringensCamb.(Myrtaceae)inMaricá(RJ),Novohorussp. 2ingallsofHouardodiplosisrochaeTavares,1925(Cecidomyiidae) onCombretusleprosumMart.(Combretaceae)inFortaleza(Ceará), anda notdeterminedspeciesinstemgallsofMyrcia tomentosa (Aubl.)DC.(Myrtaceae)inCaetité(Bahia)(Maia,2001a,2002;Costa
etal.,2014).
Dataoninsectgallsarepresentedhereunderhostplant fam-ilies,generaandspeciesinalphabeticalorder.Theyinclude gall
morphological characterization, associated fauna and previous recordsinBrazil.
Anacardiaceae(n=4) Astroniumsp.(nativegenus)
Leaf gall, globose, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Hemiptera. Trail: Charco (21/V/2013) and Marcelo Trindade (09/VII/2013)(Fig.1).
Previousrecords:GallsonAstroniumspp.wererecordedinPorto deTrombetas(Pará),SerradeSãoJosé(MG),andMaricá(RJ).Refs.:
AlmadaandFernandes(2011),Maia(2001a),MaiaandFernandes
(2004).
SchinusterebinthifoliusRaddi(nativespecies)
Leaf gall, circular, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Calophya terebinthifolii Burckhardt and Basset, 2000 (Psylli-dae, Hemiptera).Trail: Marcelo Trindade(11/III/2013).Previous records:CaboFrio(RJ),Maricá(RJ),IlhaGrande(AngradosReis, RJ),Paraty(RJ).Refs.:Fig.3inMaiaandOliveira(2010),Monteiro
etal.(1994).
Stem swelling, globose, brown, glabrous, multi-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Otherdwellers:Acari(successors).Trail: MarceloTrindade(12/III/2013).Nopreviousrecord(Fig.2).
Stem swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:Lepidoptera.Trail:Charco(21/V/2013).Previousrecords: CaboFrio(RJ),Maricá(RJ),IlhadaMarambaia(Mangaratiba,RJ). Refs.:Maia(2006),Fig.1inMaiaandSouza(2013),Rodriguesetal.
(2014).
Annonaceae(n=1) Xylopiasp.(nativegenus)
Leafgall,conical,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:Abelha(22/V/2013)(Fig.3).
Figs.1–24.InsectgallsofGuaxindiba.1.Astroniumsp.,globoseleafgall;2.Schinusterebinthifolius,globosestemgall;3.Xylopiasp.,conicalleafgall;4.Aspidospermasp., circularleafgall;5.Adenocalymmasp.,fusiformvein/tendrilgall;6.Amphilophiumsp.,globoseveingall;7.Bignoniasp.1,fusiformveingall;8.Bignoniasp.2,veinswelling; 9.Bignoniasp.3,veinswelling;10and11.Martinellaobovata,10:globosebudgall;11:petiole/veingall;12and13.Pyrostegiasp.,12:conicalleafgall;13:veinswelling; 14.Bignoniaceaesp.1,veinswelling;15.Bignoniaceaesp.2,tendril/petioleswelling;16and17.Protiumheptaphyllum,16:stemgall;17:budgall;18.Licaniasp.,globose veingall;19.Buchenaviasp.,marginalleafroll;20.Erythroxylumpauferrense,conicalleafgall;21.Dodecastigmasp.,veinswelling;22.Manihotsp.,cylindricalleafgall;23-24. Pachystromalongifolium,23:marginalleafroll;24:conicalleafgall.
Previousrecords:Galls onXylopiaspp. wererecordedinthe states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. Refs.:
Fernandesetal.(1997),Gonc¸alves-AlvimandFernandes(2001),
Rodriguesetal.(2014),SaitoandUrso-Guimarães(2012).
Apocynaceae(n=1)
Aspidospermasp.(nativegenus)
Leaf gall, circular, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Abelha (22/V/2013, 09/VII/2013), Colégio Agrícola(08/VII/2013,11/IX/2013),Vera(11/III/2013,11/IX/2013) (Fig.4).
Previousrecords:LeafgallsonAspidospermaspp.wererecorded inthestatesofPará,Goiás,MatoGrossodoSul,MinasGerais,and RiodeJaneiro.Refs.:AlmadaandFernandes(2011),Araújoetal.
(2011),Coelhoetal.(2009),Fernandesetal.(1988,1997),Maia
(2014),Rodriguesetal.(2014).
Bignoniaceae(n=11)
Adenocalymmasp.(nativegenus)(Memorasp.)
Tendril and vein swelling, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trail: Colégio Agrícola (11/IX/2013)(Fig.5).
Previousrecords:GallswererecordedinAdenocalymmaspp.(as Memora)inthestateofPará.Refs.:AlmadaandFernandes(2011),
Maia(2011a).
Amphilophiumsp.(nativegenus)
Veinswelling,globose,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: Cecidomyiidae.Trail:Abelha(13/III/2013,22/V/2013,29/IV/2014) (Fig.6).
Nopreviousrecord. Bignoniasp.1(nativegenus)
Stem, tendril, vein and petiole swelling, fusiform, green, glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:Cecidomyiidae.Otherdwellers: Hymenoptera(parasitoid).Trail:Abelha(22/V/2013),Colégio Agrí-cola(08/VII/2013),MarceloTrindade(22/V/2013,10/IX/2013),Vera (12/III/2013,20/V/2013)(Fig.7).
Bignoniasp.2
Vein swelling, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(10/IX/2013)(Fig.8). Bignoniasp.3
Vein swelling, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(10/IX/2013)(Fig.9).
Previousrecords:Agallmorphotypeonstemwasrecordedon Bignoniasp.inRioGrandedoSul.Ref.:Tavares(1909).
Martinellaobovata(Kunth)Bureau&K.Schum(nativespecies) Bud gall, globose, with superficial grooves, green, rough, glabrous,one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail: Colégio Agrícola(08/VII/2013)(Fig.10).
Stem, vein, petiole or tendril swelling, fusiform, green, glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:Cecidomyiidae.Otherdwellers: Hymenoptera(parasitoid).Trail:Abelha(13/II/2013,09/VII/2013, 10/IX/2013,29/IV/2014),ColégioAgrícola(13/III/2013,08.VII.2013, 29/IV/2014),MarceloTrindade(22.V.2013),Vera(11-12/III/2013, 21/V/2013,10/VII/2013,11/IX/2013)(Fig.11).
Nopreviousrecord.
Pyrostegiasp.(nativegenus)
Leaf gall, conical, green, hairy, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae.Otherdwellers:Hymenoptera(parasitoid).Trail: Abelha(13/III/2013)(Fig.12).
Stem or vein swelling, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Colégio Agrícola (11/IX/2013), Marcelo Trindade (22/V/2013, 09/VII/2013), Vera (21/V/2013)(Fig.13).
Previousrecords:AsimilarstemgallwasrecordedinValedo Jequitinhonha(MG).Ref.:Fernandesetal.(1997).
NotdeterminedBignoniaceaesp.1
Veinswelling,fusiform,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: Cecidomyiidae.Otherdwellers:Hymenoptera(parasitoid).Trails: Vera (12/III/2013, 21/V/2013, 11/IX/2013), Abelha (29/IV/2014) (Fig.14).
NotdeterminedBignoniaceaesp.2
Tendril and petiole swelling, fusiform,green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Vera (12/III/2013), Abelha (09/VII/2013, 10/IX/2013), Colégio Agrícola (21/V/2013, 08/VII/2013)(Fig.15).
Boraginaceae(n=3)
VarroniacurassavicaJacq.(nativespecies)
Leaf gall, globose, green, hairy, one-chambered. Galler: Cor-diamyia globosa Maia, 1996 (Cecidomyiidae). Trails: Charco (21/V/2013), Colégio Agrícola (13/III/2013, 08/VII/2013, 29/IV/2014), Marcelo Trindade (11/III/2013, 10/IX/2013), Vera (21/V/2013). Previous records: Jurubatiba (RJ), Carapebus (RJ), CaboFrio(RJ),BeloHorizonte(MG),Guarapari(ES).Refs.:Bregonci
etal.(2010),Fernandesetal.(1988),Maia(1996,2001a),Fig.30in
Maiaetal.(2008),Monteiroetal.(1994,2004).
Vein leaf gall, conical, green, hairy, one-chambered. Galler: Lopesiini (Cecidomyiidae). Trails: Charco (21/V/2013), Vera (21/V/2013),ColégioAgrícola(08/VII/2013,11/IX/2013),Marcelo Trindade(11/III/2013,10/IX/2013).Previousrecords:CaboFrio(RJ), Maricá(RJ),Bertioga(SP).Refs.:Maia(2001a),Fig.33inMaiaetal.
(2008).
Inflorescencegall,ovoid,green,hairy,one-chambered.Galler: Asphondyliacfr.cordiaeMöhn,1959(Cecidomyiidae).Trails:Charco (21/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade (11/III/2013, 10/IX/2013), Vera (21/V/2013).Previousrecords:Jurubatiba(RJ),CaboFrio(RJ), Mar-icá(RJ),Bertioga(SP).Refs.:Maia (2001a),Fig.32 inMaiaetal.
(2008),Monteiroetal.(2004).
Burseraceae(n=4)
Protiumheptaphyllum(Aubl.)Marchand(nativespecies)
Leafgall,circular,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: Psyl-lidae(Hemiptera).Trail:MarceloTrindade(09/VII/2013).Previous records:SerradeSãoJosé(MG),SãoTomédasLetras,ValedoRio Doce(MG),Jurubatiba(RJ),ArraialdoCabo(RJ),Maricá(RJ).Refs.:
Fig.16inMaia(2013b),MaiaandFernandes(2004),Monteiroetal.
(1994,2004).
Stem swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(09/VII/2013).No previousrecord(Fig.16).
Budgall,fusiform,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined. Trail: Marcelo Trindade(09/VII/2013). No previous record(Fig.17).
Leaf gall, conical, reddish, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Dactylodiplosis heptaphylli Maia, 2004a,b (Cecidomyiidae). Trail: MarceloTrindade(09/VII/2013).Previousrecords:Pirineus(GO),
Ingaí(MG),SerradeSãoJosé(MG),SãoTomédasLetras(MG), Cara-pebus(RJ).Refs.:Araújoetal.(2011),Fig.18inMaia(2013b),Malves
andFrieiro-Costa(2012),Naraharaetal.(2004).
Celastraceae(n=2)
MaytenusobtusifoliaMart.(nativespecies)
Leafgall,globose,thickandhard,greenorred,glabrous, one-chambered.Galler:MaytenielladistinctaMaia,2001 (Cecidomyi-idae).Trails:Charco(21/V/2013), MarceloTrindade(11/III/2013, 22/V/2013,09/VII/2013,10/IX/2013),Vera(10/VII/2013).Previous records:ArraialdoCabo(RJ),Maricá(RJ),Grumari(RiodeJaneiro, RJ),IlhadaMarambaia (Mangaratiba,RJ).Refs.: Fig.22 in Maia
(2001a),Monteiroetal.(1994, 2004),OliveiraandMaia(2005),
Rodriguesetal.(2014).
Fruit gall, ovoid, red, glabrous, one to three-chambered, externally not perceptible. Galler: Bruggmanniella maytenuse
(MaiaandCouri,1992)(Cecidomyiidae).Trail:MarceloTrindade
(11/III/2013).Previousrecord:Maricá(RJ).Ref.:Maia(2001a). Chrysobalanaceae(n=1)
Licaniasp.(nativegenus)
Veinswelling,globose,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: notdetermined.Trail:Vera(12/III/2013)(Fig.18).
Previousrecords: GallsonLicaniaspp. wererecorded inthe statesofPará,Goiás,MinasGerais,andSãoPaulo.Refs.:Almada
andFernandes(2011),Araújoetal.(2014),Maia(2014),Maiaand
Fernandes(2004).
Combretaceae(n=1) Buchenaviasp.(nativegenus)
Marginalleafroll,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:ColégioAgrícola(13/III/2013)(Fig.19).
Previousrecords:LeafgallsonBuchenaviasp.wererecordedin thestateofPará.Ref.:AlmadaandFernandes(2011).
Erythroxylaceae(n=1)
ErythroxylumpauferrensePlowman(endemicspeciesofBrazil) Leaf gall, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Charco (21/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade (12/III/2013, 10/IX/2013). Other dwellers: Hymenoptera (para-sitoid)(Fig.20).
Nopreviousrecord. Euphorbiaceae(n=4)
Dodecastigmasp.(nativegenus)
Veinswelling,fusiform,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: notdetermined.Trail:Vera(12/III/2013)(Fig.21).
ThisplantgenuswaspreviouslyrecordedintheNorth(Acre, Amazonas,Amapá,andPará)andNortheast(Maranhão)regionsof Brazil.ThisisthefirstrecordintheSoutheastRegion.
Nopreviousrecordofgalls. Manihotsp.(nativegenus)
Leafgall,cylindrical,green or red,glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Iatrophobia brasiliensis Rübsaamen, 1916 (Cecidomyi-idae).Trail:ColégioAgrícola(11/III/2013,20/V/2013,08/VII/2013, 29/IV/2014)(Fig.22).
Previousrecords:SimilargallsonManihotspp.wererecorded inGoiás,MinasGerais,andSãoPaulo.Refs.:Araújoetal.(2011),
Carneiroetal.(2009),Maiaetal.(2008),SaitoandUrso-Guimarães
(2012).
Pachystromalongifolium(Nees)I.M.Johnst.(nativespecies) Marginal roll, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Abelha (10/IX/2013), Colégio Agrícola (11/IX/2013)(Fig.23).
Leaf gall, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Hemiptera.Trails:Abelha(13/III/2013,10/IX/2013),Colégio Agrí-cola(08/VII/2013),Vera(29/IV/2014)(Fig.24).
Nopreviousrecord. Fabaceae(n=35) Acaciasp.(nativegenus)
Stem swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, multi-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Otherdwellers:Hymenoptera(parasitoid). Trail:Vera(12/III/2013,21/V/2013)(Fig.25).
Budgall,globose,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Otherdwellers:Hymenoptera(parasitoid).Trail:Vera (12/III/2013)(Fig.26).
Previousrecords:Gallswererecordedonthis plantgenusin thestatesofPará,PernambucoandMinasGeraisRefs.:Almadaand
Fernandes(2011),Coelhoetal.(2009),FernandesandNegreiros
(2006),Fernandesetal.(1997),Santosetal.(2011a).
Albiziasp.(nativegenus)
Apical bud gall, globose, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:Abelha(29/IV/2014)(Fig.27).
Apicalbud gall,fusiform,brown, glabrous,multi-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:Abelha(22/V/2013)(Fig.28).
Leaf gall, circular, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae. Other dwellers: Acari (successors). Trail: Abelha (13/III/2013, 22/V/2013, 10/IX/2013), Colégio Agrícola (13/III/2013),Vera(12/III/2013,21/V/2013)(Fig.29).
Vein swelling, fusiform, green, glabrous, multi-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:Abelha(22/V/2013)(Fig.30).
Marginal roll, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined.Trail:Abelha(22/V/2013)(Fig.31).
Leaf gall, globose, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae.Trail:Abelha(13/III/2013)(Fig.32).
Nopreviousrecord. Bauhiniasp.(nativegenus)
Leafgall,cylindrical,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: notdetermined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(10/IX/2013)(Fig.33).
Previousrecords:SeveralgallswererecordedonBauhiniaspp.in manyBrazilianstates:Amazonas,Pernambuco,Goiás,MatoGrosso doSul,MinasGerais,EspíritoSanto,RiodeJaneiro,SãoPaulo.Refs.:
Carneiroetal.(2009),Coelhoetal.(2009),Fernandesetal.(1988),
Fernandeset al. (2001), Julião et al.(2002), Maia et al.(2014),
Rübsaamen(1907),Santosetal.(2010),SaitoandUrso-Guimarães
(2012),Santosetal.(2011b),Tavares(1920),Urso-Guimarãesand
Scarelli-Santos(2006),Urso-Guimarãesetal.(2003).
Chloroleuconacacioides(Ducke)Barneby&J.W.Grimes(native species)
Leaf gall,formedbythecoalescence oftwo folioles, conical, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:Cecidomyiidae. Trails: ColégioAgrícola(13/III/2013),MarceloTrindade(12/III/2013),Vera (11/III/2013,21/V/2013)(Fig.34).
Petiole or stem swelling, conical, glabrous, brown, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trail: Abelha (10.IX.2013), ColégioAgrícola(21/V/2013)(Fig.35).
Budgall,globose,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:Vera(10/VII/2013)(Fig.36).
Figs.25–48.InsectgallsofGuaxindiba.25and26.Acaciasp.,25:fusiformstemgall;26:globosebudgall;27–32.Albiziasp.,27:globosebudgall;28:fusiformbudgall;29: circularleafgall;30:veinswelling;31:marginalleafroll;32:globoseleafgall;33.Bauhiniasp.,cylindricalleafgall;34–36.Chloroleuconacacioides,34:conicalgallonfolioles; 35:conicalpetiolegall;36:globosebudgall;37.Copaiferasp.,cylindricalleafgall;38and39.Ingalaurina,38:globoseleafgall;39:veinswelling;40–45.Machaeriumsp., 40:circularleafgall;41:fusiformstemgall;42:marginalleafroll;43:circularleafgall;44:conicalleafgall;45:globosebudgall;46.Ormosiasp.,veinswelling;47.Pterodon sp.,globosestemgall;48.Senegaliasp.,globosebudgall.
Copaiferasp.(nativegenus)
Leaf gall, circular-globose, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:Vera(29/IV/2014).
Leafgall,cylindrical,green, glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: notdetermined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(22/V/2013)(Fig.37).
Previousrecords:GallsonCopaiferaspp.wererecordedinthe statesofPernambuco,MinasGerais,EspíritoSanto,RiodeJaneiro, andSãoPaulo.Refs.:MaiaandSouza(2013),MaiaandFernandes
(2004),Maiaetal.(2014).
Ingalaurina(Sw.)Willd(nativespecies)
Leaf gall, globose, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Marcelo Trindade (10/IX/2013), Vera (21/V/2013).Previousrecords:PortoTrombetas(PA).Ref.:Almada
andFernandes(2011)(Fig.38).
Vein swelling, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:Neolasiopterasp.(Cecidomyiidae).Trail:MarceloTrindade (08/VII/2013, 10/IX/2013). Previous records: Maricá (RJ), Porto Trombetas(PA).Refs.:AlmadaandFernandes(2011),Maiaetal.
(2002)(Fig.39).
Machaeriumsp.(nativegenus)
Leaf gall, circular, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Abelha (22/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade (22/V/2013),Vera(10/VII/2013,29/IV/2014)(Fig.40).
Stem swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:Vera(21/V/2013)(Fig.41).
Marginalleafroll,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trails:Abelha(13/III/2013,22/V/2013,29/IV/2014), Colégio Agrícola (13/II/2013, 22/V/2013, 08/VII/2013), Marcelo Trindade(22/V/2013,09/VII/2013),Vera(12/III/2013,21/V/2013, 10/VII/2013)(Fig.42).
Leaf gall (foliole), circular, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Dwellers: Hymenoptera (parasitoid). Trails: Abelha (13/III/2013, 09/VII/2013), Colégio Agrícola (13/III/2013)(Fig.43).
Leafgall,conical,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:ColégioAgrícola(21/V/2013).(Fig.44)
Budgall,globose,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Dwellers: Hymenoptera (parasitoid).Trails:Abelha (13.III.2013)(Fig.45).
Previousrecords:SeveralgallswererecordedonMachaerium spp.inthestatesofPará,MinasGerais,EspíritoSanto,RiodeJaneiro, SãoPaulo,andSantaCatarina.Refs.:AlmadaandFernandes(2011),
FernandesandNegreiros(2006),Fernandesetal.(1988),Fernandes
etal.(2001),Gagné(1994),Maiaetal.(2008),Maiaetal.(2014),
MalvesandFrieiro-Costa(2012),Rübsaamen(1907),Tavares(1916,
1920).
Ormosiasp.(nativegenus)
Veinswelling,fusiform,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: not determined. Trails: Colégio Agrícola (20/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade(12/III/2013,09/VII/2013,29/IV/2014)(Fig.46).
Previousrecords:Otherleafgallmorphotypewasrecordedon OrmosiaparaensisDuckeinPortodeTrombetas(Pará).Ref:Almada
andFernandes(2011).
Pterodonsp.(nativegenus)
Stem swelling, globose, brown, glabrous, multi-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:Vera(21/V/2013)(Fig.47).
Nopreviousrecord. Senegaliasp.(nativegenus)
Bud gall, globose, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trail: Abelha (22/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade (09/VII/2013),Vera(29/IV/2014,20/V/2013)(Fig.48).
Previousrecords:SimilargallwasrecordedonSenegalia poly-phylla(DC.)Britton&RoseinCaboFrio(RJ).Ref.:MaiaandSouza
(2013).
Sennasp.(nativegenus)
Marginal leaf roll, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: notdetermined.Trails:ColégioAgrícola(21/V/2013,11/IX/2013), MarceloTrindade(12/III/2013)(Fig.49).
Leaf gall, globose,brown, hairy,one-chambered. Galler: not determined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(12/III/2013)(Fig.50).
Previousrecords:Gallsonthishostplantgenuswererecorded inthestatesofRiodeJaneiro,MinasGeraisandSãoPaulo.Refs.:
Carneiroetal.(2009),Maiaetal.(1992),SaitoandUrso-Guimarães
(2012).
Zollerniailicifolia(Brongn.)Vogel(nativespecies)
Leafgall,circular,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(10/IX/2013)(Fig.51).
Previousrecords:ColeopterangallswererecordedonZ.glabra (Spreng.)YakovlevinIlhadaMarambaia(Mangaratiba,RJ).Ref.:
Rodriguesetal.(2014).
Hippocrateaceae(n=7) Tonteleasp.1(nativegenus)
Leafgall,conical,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:Abelha(10/IX/2013)(Fig.52).
Stem swelling, globose, reddish, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:Abelha(10/IX/2013)(Fig.53).
Leafgall,discoid,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:Abelha(09/VII/2013,10/IX/2013)(Fig.54).
Leafgall,globose,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:Abelha(13/III/2013)(Fig.55).
Stem swelling, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Dwellers: Baridinae (Coleoptera, Cur-culionidae).Trail:Abelha(13/III/2013)(Fig.56).
Marginal roll, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined.Trail:Abelha(13/II/2013,10/IX/2013)(Fig.57). Tonteleasp2
Leafgall,circular,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:Vera(11/IX/2013)(Fig.58).
Nopreviousrecord. Hypericaceae(n=1) NotdeterminedHypericaeae
Leaf gall, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: notdetermined.Dwellers:Hymenoptera(parasitoid).Trail:Vera (20/V/2013)(Fig.59).
Malpighiaceae(n=6)
ByrsonimasericeaDC.(nativespecies)
Stem swelling, globose, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Marcelo Trindade (22/V/2013, 08-09/VII/2013, 10/IX/2013, 29/IV/2014). Previous records: Pernambuco,IlhaGrande(AngradosReis,RJ),IlhadaMarambaia (Mangaratiba,RJ),Guarapari(ES),Jurubatiba(RJ),Carapebus(RJ), ArraialdoCabo(RJ),Maricá(RJ),Grumari(RiodeJaneiro,RJ),Vale do Jequitinhonha(MG). Refs.: Bregonci etal. (2010),Fernandes
etal. (1997),Maia (2001a),Maia and Oliveira(2010),Monteiro
et al. (1994, 2004), Oliveira and Maia (2005), Rodrigues et al.
(2014),Santosetal.(2011b)(Fig.60).
Leaf gall, circular, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Dasineura byrsonimae Maia, 2010 (Cecidomyiidae). Trails:
Figs.49–72. InsectgallsofGuaxindiba.49and50.Sennasp.,49:marginalleafroll;50:globoseleafgall;51.Zollerniailicifolia,circularleafgall;52–57.Tonteleasp.1,52:conical leafgall;53:globosestemgall;54:discoidleafgall;55:globoseleafgall;56:fusiformstemgall;57:marginalleafroll;58.Tonteleasp.2,circularleafgall;59.Hypericaceae sp.,conicalleafgall;60–62.Byrsonimasericea,60:globosestemgall;61:circularleafgall;62:fowerbudgall;63:Mascagniasp.,globoseleafgall;64–65.Stigmaphyllon lalandianum,64:conicalleafgall;65.globoseleafgall;66.Sidastrummicranthum,globoseleafgall;67.Trichiliaelegans,fusiformstemgall;68.Trichiliarubra,cylindricalleaf gall;69.Trichiliasp.1,marginalleafroll;70.Trichiliasp.2,veinswelling;71.Trichiliasp.3,fusiformstemgall;72.Trichiliasp.4,cylindricalleafgall.
Charco(21/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade(12/III/2013,09/VII/2013, 10/IX/2013). Previous records: Guarapari (ES), Jurubatiba (RJ), Carapebus (RJ), Maricá (RJ), Grumari (Rio de Janeiro, RJ), Ilha da Marambaia (Mangaratiba, RJ), Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, RJ), Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG). Refs.: Bregonci et al. (2010),
Fernandeset al. (1997), Maia (2001a,2010), Maia and Oliveira
(2010),Monteiroetal.(2004),OliveiraandMaia(2005),Rodrigues
etal.(2014)(Fig.61).
Flower bud gall, ovoid, brown, glabrous, multi-chambered. Galler: Bruggmanniella byrsonimae (Maia and Couri, 1992) (Cecidomyiidae). Trails: Charco (21/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade (08/VII/2013,10/IX/2013).Previousrecords:Jurubatiba(RJ), Cara-pebus(RJ),Maricá(RJ),IlhadaMarambaia(Mangaratiba,RJ).Refs.:
Maia(1999,2001a),Monteiroetal.(1994,2004),Rodriguesetal.
(2014)(Fig.62).
Mascagniasp.
Leafgall,globose,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:ColégioAgrícola(11/IX/2013)(Fig.63).
Previousrecords:Twogallmorphotypeswererecordedonthis plantgenusinthestateofEspíritoSantoandMinasGerais.Refs.:
Maia(2013b),Maiaetal.(2014).
StigmaphyllonlalandianumA.Juss.(endemicspeciesofBrazil) Leaf gall, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Abelha (13/III/2013, 20/V/2013), Colégio Agrícola(29/IV/2014),MarceloTrindade(11/III/2013)(Fig.64).
Leaf gall, globose, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: notdetermined.Trail:ColégioAgrícola(08/VII/2013,11/IX/2013) (Fig.65).
Previousrecord:Anelongate-ovoidleafgallwasrecordedin MinasGerais onthis sameplant species. Ref.:Fernandes et al.
(1988).
Malvaceae(n=2)
Sidastrummicranthum(A.St.-Hil.)Fryxell(=SidamicranthaA. St.-Hil.)(nativespecies)
Stem swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(10/IX/2013).
Leaf gall,globose, yellow, hairy,one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trail: Colégio Agrícola (08/VII/2013, 11/IX/2013) (Fig.66).
Previousrecords:GallsonSidastrumspp.(asSida)wererecorded inthestatesofRiodeJaneiroandMinasGerais.Refs.:Coelhoetal.
(2009),Fernandesetal.(1997),Rodriguesetal.(2014).
Meliaceae(n=9)
TrichiliaelegansA.Juss.(endemicspeciesofBrazil)
Stem swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Dwellers: Hymenoptera (parasitoid). Trails: Colégio Agrícola (08/VII/2013), Vera (10/VII/2013, 11/IX/2013)(Fig.67).
TrichiliarubraC.DC.(nativespecies)
Leafgall,cylindrical,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: notdetermined.Trail:Vera(12/III/2013,11/IX/2013)(Fig.68). Trichiliasp.1
Marginal leaf roll, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae.Trails:Abelha(13/III/2013,22/V/2013,09/VII/2013, 10/IX/2013), Vera (11-12/III/2013, 10/VII/2013, 11/IX/2013) (Fig.69).
Trichiliasp.2
Vein swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Marcelo Trindade (12/III/2013, 22/V/2013)(Fig.70).
Trichiliasp.3
Stem swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, multi-chambered. Galler: not determined. Dwellers: Hymenoptera (parasitoid) (Fig.71).
Trichiliasp.4
Leafgall,cylindrical(tubular),green,glabrous,one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:Abelha(13/III/2013)(Fig.72). Trichiliasp.5
Leaf gall, globose,green, glabrous, one or multi-chambered. Galler:Cecidomyiidae.Trail:Vera(12/III/2013,21/V/2013)(Fig.73).
Trichiliasp.6
Vein swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trail: Marcelo Trindade (10/IX/2013) (Fig.74).
Trichiliasp.7
Stem swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Dwellers:Hymenoptera(parasitoid).Trail: Vera(11/IX/2013)(Fig.75).
Nopreviousrecord. Moraceae(n=3) Ficussp.1(nativegenus)
Leaf gall, circular, green or red, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Dwellers:Hymenoptera(parasitoid).Trail: MarceloTrindade(12/III/2013,10/IX/2013)(Fig.76).
Leafgall,globose,greenorwhite,hairy,one-chambered.Galler: not determined. Trails: Charco (21/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade (12/III/2013,10/IX/2013)(Fig.77).
Ficussp.2
Leaf gall, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae.Trail:ColégioAgrícola(21/V/2013)(Fig.78).
Previousrecords:GallsonFicussp.wererecordedinthestates ofPará,MatoGrossodoSulandRiodeJaneiro.Refs.:Almadaand
Fernandes(2011),Juliãoetal.(2002),Rodriguesetal.(2014).
Myrtaceae(n=13)
EugeniabunchosiifoliaNied.(=EugeniasantensisKiaersk.) (endemicspeciesofBrazil)
Marginal roll, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae. Other dwellers: Coccoidea, catterpilars (Lep-idoptera) (inquilines), Psocoptera (successors), Hymenoptera (parasitoid). Trails: Charco (21/V/2013), Colégio Agrícola (11/IX/2013), Marcelo Trindade (11/III/2013, 12/III/2013, 22/V/2013,09/VII/2013),Vera(11/IX/2013)(Fig.79).
Leaf gall, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Colégio Agrícola (11/IX/2013), Vera (11/IX/2013)(Fig.80).
Nopreviousrecord. Eugeniasp.1
Leafgall,cylindrical,green,glabrous,one-chambered. Galler: notdetermined.Trail:Vera(11/IX/2013)(Fig.81).
Leaf gall, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: notdetermined.Dwellers:Hemiptera(successors).Trails:Abelha
Figs.73–96.InsectgallsofGuaxindiba.73.Trichiliasp.5,globoseleafgall;74.Trichiliasp.6,veinswelling;75.Trichiliasp.7,fusiformstemgall;76.Ficussp.1,circularleaf gall;77.Ficussp.2,globoseleafgall.;78.Ficussp.2,conicalleafgall;79–80.Eugeniabunchosiifolia,79:marginalleafroll;80:conicalleafgall;81–82.Eugeniasp.1,81:conical leafgall;82:cylindricalleafgall;83.Eugeniasp.2,cylindricalleafgall;84.Eugeniasp.3,globoseleafgall;85.Eugeniasp.4,discoidleafgall;86.Marliereasp.,goboseleafgall; 87–90.Myrciasp.,87:globoseleafgall;88:ovoidleafgall;89:fusiformstemgall;90:fusiformbudgall;91.Myrciariafloribunda,marginalleafroll;92.Guapirasp.,globose budgall;93–94.Olacaceaenotdetermined,93:tendrilswelling;94:globoseleafgall;95.Peraglabrata,conicalleafgall;96.Phyllanthussp.,circularleafgall.
(10/IX/2013), Colégio Agrícola (12/III/2013), Vera (20/V/2013, 10/VII/2013,29/IV/2014)(Fig.82).
Eugeniasp.2
Leafgall,cylindrical(tubular),green,glabrous,one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:Abelha(13/III/2013)(Fig.83). Eugeniasp.3
Leaf gall, globose, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: notdetermined.Dwellers:Hymenoptera(parasitoid)and Collem-bola(successor).Trails:Abelha(29/IV/2014),Charco(21/V/2013), Colégio Agrícola (29/IV/2014), Marcelo Trindade (11/III/2013, 12/III/2013,22/V/2013,09/VII/2013)(Fig.84).
Eugeniasp.4
Leafgall,discoid,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(10/IX/2013)(Fig.85). Marliereasp.(nativegenus)
Leafgall,globose,brown,glabrous,massive.Galler:not deter-mined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(10/IX/2013)(Fig.86).
Previousrecords:Fivedifferentgallmorphotypesarerecorded onthishostplantgenusinMinasGerais.Ref.:Maia(2014). Myrciasp.
Leaf gall (vein), globose, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trail: Marcelo Trindade (10/IX/2013) (Fig.87).
Leafgall(vein),ovoid,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: notdetermined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(10/IX/2013)(Fig.88).
Stem swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:not determined. Trail: Abelha (09/VII/2013, 10/IX/2013) (Fig.89).
Budgall,fusiform,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:Abelha(22/V/2013)(Fig.90).
Previousrecords:GallsonMyrciaspp.wererecordedinGoiás, Pernambuco,MinasGerais,EspíritoSanto,RiodeJaneiro,SãoPaulo, andRioGrandedoSul.Refs.:Araújoetal.(2014),Maia(2013a,b),
Maia(2014),Maiaetal.(2014),TomaandMendonc¸a(2013).
Myrciariafloribunda(WestexWilldenow)Berg.(nativespecies) Marginal roll, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Dasineuramyrciariae Maia, 1993 (Cecidomyiidae). Trail: Abelha (10/IX/2013,29/IV/2014).Previousrecords:Guarapari(ES),Santa Teresa (ES), Jurubatiba (RJ), Carapebus (RJ), Maricá (RJ). Refs.:
Bregoncietal.(2010),Maia(1993),Maiaetal.(2014),Monteiro
etal.(1994,2004)(Fig.91).
Nyctaginaceae(n=4)
Guapiraopposita(Vell.)Reitz(nativespecies)
Leafgall,globose,redorgreen,hairy,one-chambered.Galler: BruggmanniarobustaMaiaandCouri,1993(Cecidomyiidae).Trail: MarceloTrindade(12/III/2013,09/VII/2013,10/IX/2013).Previous records: Jurubatiba (RJ), Arraial do Cabo (RJ), Maricá (RJ), Ilha Grande(AngradosReis,RJ),IlhadaMarambaia(Mangaratiba,RJ), Bertioga(SP).Refs.:MaiaandCouri(1993),Maia(2001a),Fig.29in
MaiaandOliveira(2010),Maiaetal.(2008),Monteiroetal.(2004),
Rodriguesetal.(2014).
Leaf gall, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: BruggmanniaacaudataMaia, 2004a (Cecidomyiidae). Trail: Vera (21/V/2013).Previousrecords:SantaTeresa(ES),Jurubatiba(RJ), Carapebus(RJ),Maricá(RJ),IlhaGrande(AngradosReis,RJ).Refs.:
Maia(2001a,2004a),Fig.30inMaiaandOliveira(2010),Maiaetal.
(2014),Monteiroetal.(2004),Rodriguesetal.(2014).
Leafgall,circular,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: Brug-gmannia elongata Maia and Couri,1993 (Cecidomyiidae). Trail: Marcelo Trindade (22/V/2013). Previous records: Bertioga (SP), Jurubatiba(RJ),Carapebus(RJ),ArraialdoCabo(RJ),Maricá (RJ), IlhadaMarambaia(Mangaratiba,RJ),IlhaGrande(AngradosReis, RJ).Refs.:Maia(2001a),MaiaandCouri(1993),Fig.28inMaiaand
Oliveira(2010),Maiaetal.(2008),Monteiroetal.(1994),Rodrigues
etal.(2014).
Guapirasp.
Bud gall, globose, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae.Trail:Abelha(22/V/2013)(Fig.92).
Ochnaceae(n=1)
Ourateacuspidata(A.St.-Hil.)Engl.(endemicspeciesofBrazil) Leafgall,cylindrical,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: Contarinia(Cecidomyiidae).Trail:Abelha(09/VII/2013).Previous records:Grumari(RiodeJaneiro,RJ),IlhaGrande(AngradosReis, RJ),Maricá(RJ),Jurubatiba(RJ),Guarapari(ES).Refs.:Bregoncietal.
(2010),Maia(2001a),Fig.33inMaiaandOliveira(2010),Monteiro
etal.(2004),OliveiraandMaia(2005).
Olacaceae(n=2) Notdeterminedspecies
Stem and tendril swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Colégio Agrícola (21/V/2013),MarceloTrindade(12/III/2013,22/V/2013)(Fig.93).
Leafgall,globose,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Otherdwellers:Pseudoscorpiones(predator).Trail: ColégioAgrícola(13/III/2013)(Fig.94).
Peraceae(n=1)
Peraglabrata(Schott)Poepp.exBaill.(nativespecies)
Leafgall,conical,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:Abelha(22/V/2013)(Fig.95).
Previousrecords:Agallmorphotypeonbudswasrecordedon thissameplantspeciesinMinasGerais.Refs.:Maia(2011b).
Phyllanthaceae(n=2) Phyllanthussp.(nativegenus)
Leaf gall, circular, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Abelha (29/IV/2014), Vera (11/IX/2013) (Fig.96).
Leaf gall, globose (kidney-shaped), green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Abelha (13/III/2013) (Fig.97).
Previousrecords:Asimilarglobosegallwasrecordedonthis plantgenusinSantaTeresa(ES).Refs.:Maiaetal.(2014).
Rubiaceae(n=1)
Psychotriasp.(nativegenus)
Stem swelling, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trail:Vera(21/V/2013)(Fig.98).
Previousrecords:SeveralgallsonPsychotriaspp.wererecorded inPernambuco,MatoGrossodoSul,MinasGerais,RiodeJaneiro, SãoPaulo,andRioGrandedoSul.Refs.:Maia(2014),Maiaetal.
Figs.97–120.InsectgallsofGuaxindiba.97.Phyllanthussp.,globoseleafgall;98.Psychotriasp.,fusiformstemgall;99–100.Metrodoreasp.,99.circularleafgall;100.vein swelling;101–103.Neoraputiaalba,101:globoseleafgall;102:fusiformleafgallatpetiolebasis;103:veinswelling;104.Caseariasp.1,cylindricalleafgall;105.Casearia sp.2,leafroll;106.Caseariasp.3,globosebudgall;107–108.Mataybajuglandifolia,107:conicalleafgall;108:globoseleafgall;109–110.Paulliniaracemosa,109:midvein swelling;110:circularleafgall;111–117.Serjaniasp.,111:veinswelling;112:fusiformbudgall;113:circularleafgall;114:cylindricalleafgall;115:tendrilswelling;116: midveinswelling;117:globoseleafgall;118–119.Manilkarasubsericea,118:circularleafgall;119:globosestemgall;120.Pouteriasp.1,circularleafgall.
Rutaceae(n=6)
Metrodoreasp.(nativegenus)
Marginal roll, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Colégio Agrícola (29/IV//2014), Vera (10/VII/2013,11/IX/2013)
Leaf gall, circular, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Hemiptera. Trails: Abelha (22/V/2013, 10/IX/2013, 29/IV/2014), Colégio Agrícola (13/III/2013, 11/IX/2013, 29/IV/2014), Marcelo Trindade (12/III/2013, 22/V/2013), Vera (12/III/2013, 20-21/V/2013,10/VII/2013,29/IV/2014)(Fig.99).
Vein swelling, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:not determined.Trails: Abelha (13/III/2013, 10/IX/2013, 29/IV/2014),ColégioAgrícola(13.III.2013,21/V/2013,11/IX/2013), Marcelo Trindade (12/III/2013, 22/V/2013, 29/IV/2014), Vera (11-12/III/2013,20/V/2013,10/VII/2013,11/IX/2013,29/IV/2014) (Fig.100).
Nopreviousrecord.
Neoraputiaalba(Nees&Mart.)EmmerichexKallunki(endemic speciesofBrazil)
Leafgall,globose,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:Vera(11/IX/2013)(Fig.101).
Leaf gall, at petiole basis, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trail: Abelha (22/V/2013) (Fig.102).
Veinswelling,fusiform,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: notdetermined.Trails:Abelha(13/III/2013, 22/V/2013),Colégio Agrícola(13/III/2013),Vera(12/III/2014,21/V/2013,10/VII/2013) (Fig.103).
Nopreviousrecord.
Salicaceae(n=3)
Caseariasp.1(nativegenus)
Leafgall,cylindrical,green, glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: Hemiptera. Trails: Abelha (09/VII/2013), Marcelo Trindade (12/III/2013,22/V/2013,29/IV/2014)(Fig.104).
Caseariasp.2
Leaf roll, green, glabrous,one-chambered. Galler: not deter-mined.Trail:Vera(21/V/2013,10/VII/2013)(Fig.105).
Caseariasp.3
Bud gall, globose, spongy, brown, micropubescent, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Dwellers: Hymenoptera (parasitoid).Trail:Abelha(22/V/2013)(Fig.106).
Previousrecords:GallsonCaseariaspp.wererecordedinthe statesofPará,Goiás,Pernambuco,MinasGerais,andRiodeJaneiro. Refs.:Araújoetal.(2014),Maiaetal.(2014),Rodriguesetal.(2014).
Sapindaceae(n=13)
Mataybajuglandifolia(Cambess.)Radlk.(endemicspeciesof Brazil)
Leafgall,conical,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:MarceloTrindade(10/IX/2013)(Fig.107).
Veinswelling,fusiform,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler: notdetermined.Trail:ColégioAgrícola(20/V/2013)
Leaf gall, globose, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Charco (21/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade (10/IX/2013)(Fig.108).
Nopreviousrecord.
PaulliniaracemosaWawra(endemicspeciesofBrazil)
Midveinswelling,fusiform,brown,glabrous,one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Colégio Agrícola (11/IX/2013), MarceloTrindade(10/IX/2013)(Fig.109).
Leaf gall, circular, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Abelha (10/IX/2013), Vera (20/V/2013, 11/IX/2013)(Fig.110).
Previousrecords:ClavateleafgallswererecordedinCaboFrio (RJ)andpetiolegallsinPernambucoonthishostplantgenus.Refs.:
MaiaandSouza(2013),Santosetal.(2011b).
PaulliniaweinmanniifoliaMart.(endemicspeciesofBrazil)
Leaf gall, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: PaulliniamyiaamplaMaia,2001(Cecidomyiidae).Trails:Marcelo Trindade (12/III/2013, 10/IX/2013), Vera (20/V/2013). Previous records:Jurubatiba(RJ),ArraialdoCabo(RJ),Maricá(RJ).Refs.:Fig.
86inMaia(2001a),Maia(2001b),Monteiroetal.(1994,2004).
Serjaniasp.(nativegenus)
Vein swelling, fusiform,little evident, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trail: Vera (10/VII/2013) (Fig.111).
Budgall,fusiform,brown,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:Vera(21/V/2013)(Fig.112).
Leaf gall (vein), circular, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler:notdetermined.Trails: Abelha(13/III/2013, 29/IV/2014), Colégio Agrícola (21/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade (12/III/2013, 20-21/V/2013, 10/IX/2013), Vera (12/III/2013, 20-21/V/2013, 10/VII/2013,11/IX/2013)(Fig.113).
Leafgall,cylindrical,green,glabrous,one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Dwellers: Hymenoptera (parasitoid). Trails: Colégio Agrícola (13/III/2013, 21/V/2013, 08/VII/2013), Marcelo Trindade(13/III/2013,21/V/2013,08/VII/2013,10/IX/2013),Vera (12/III/2013,11/IX/2013)(Fig.114).
Stem, tendril, petiole, vein swelling, globose, brown, glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:Cecidomyiidae.Otherdwellers: Hymenoptera(parasitoid).Trails:Abelha(22/V/2013,10/IX/2013, 29/IV/2014), Colégio Agrícola (13/III/2013), Marcelo Trindade (12/III/2013,22/V/2013),Vera(21/V/2013)(Fig.115).
Midveinswelling(causingleaffold),fusiform,green,glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trail: Colégio Agrícola (13/III/2013)(Fig.116).
Leafgall,globose,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined.Trail:ColégioAgrícola(13/III/2013)(Fig.117).
Previousrecords:SeveralgallswererecordedonSerjaniaspp. inAmazonas,Pará,Goiás,MatoGrossodoSul,Pernambuco,Minas Gerais,EspírtoSanto,Rio deJaneiro,and SãoPaulo.Refs.:Maia
(2013a,b),Maia(2014),Maiaetal.(2014),Rodriguesetal.(2014).
Sapotaceae(n=5)
Manilkarasubsericea(Mart.)Dubard.(endemicspeciesofBrazil) Leafgall,circular,green,glabrous,one-chambered.Galler:not determined. Trail: Marcelo Trindade (09/VII/2013, 10/IX/2013) (Fig.118).
Stem swelling, globose, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Charco (21/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade (11/III/2013, 29/IV/2014, 22/V/2013, 09/VII/2013, 10/IX/2013)(Fig.119).
Previousrecords:Somegallswererecordedinthisplantspecies inthestatesofEspíritoSantoandRiodeJaneiro.Refs.:(Maia,2014). Pouteriasp.1(nativegenus)
Leaf gall, circular, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Abelha (10/IX/2013), Colégio Agrícola
Figs.121–125.InsectgallsofGuaxindiba.121and122.Pouteriasp.2,121:globosestemgall;122:globosebudgall;123.Smilaxkrukovii,conicalleafgall;124.Lantana camara,fusiformstemgall;125.Lantanasp.,cylindricalleafgall.
(13/III/2013, 084/VII/2013, 29/IV/2014), Vera (11-12/III/2013, 20/V/2013,10/VII/2013)(Fig.120).
Pouteriasp.2
Stem swelling, globose, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: not determined. Trails: Abelha (09/07/2013), Vera (11/IX/2013)(Fig.121).
Budgall,globose,brown,glabrous,multi-chambered.Galler:not determined.Dwellers: Hymenoptera (parasitoid).Trails: Abelha (22/V/2013,10/IX/2013),Vera(20/V/2013)(Fig.122).
Previousrecords:SeveralgallsonPouteriaspp.wererecordedin thestatesofPará,Goiás,MatoGrossodoSul,MinasGerais,Espírito Santo,RiodeJaneiroandSãoPaulo.Refs.:Araújoetal.(2014),Maia
(2014),Maiaetal.(2014).
Smilacaceae(n=1)
SmilaxkrukoviiA.C.Sm.(endemicspeciesofBrazil)
Leaf gall, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Galler: Hemiptera. Trails: Charco (21/V/2013), Marcelo Trindade (22/V/2013,09/07/2013,10/IX/2013)(Fig.123).
Nopreviousrecords. Verbenaceae(n=2)
LantanacamaraL.(nativespecies)
Stem and petiole swelling, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered.Galler:Cecidomyiidae.Otherdwellers:Hymenoptera (parasitoid). Trail: Colégio Agrícola (13/III/2013, 21/V/2013, 08/VII/2013)(Fig.124).Previousrecords:ValedoRioDoce(MG). Ref.:Fernandesetal.(2001).
Lantanasp.
Leaf gall, cylindrical (tubular), green, micropubescent, one-chambered. Galler: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Colégio Agrícola (13/III/2013, 08/VII/2013), Marcelo Trindade (09/VII/2013),Vera (20/V/2013)(Fig.125).
Conclusions
TheonlysurveyedareaofTabuleiroForestinBrazilpresented agreatrichnessofinsectgalls.Themostgalledbotanicaltaxaand
plantorgans,themostfrequentgallertaxon,themostcommongall morphology(shape,colorandindumentary)andthecomposition oftheassociatedfaunaconfirmtheknownpatternsofBraziland AtlanticForest.
Conflictsofinterest
Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictsofinterest.
Acknowledgments
We are gratefultoBarbara Proenc¸a and Sharlene Ascendino (MuseuNacional)forhelpinginthefieldwork,andtoCNPq(VCM, Proc. 371848/2013-0; SPCF, Proc. 140344/2011-0) and FAPERJ (Proc.E-26/111.40/2012)forfinancialsupport.
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