CARACTERÍSTICAS QUÍMICAS E FISIOLÓGICAS DE SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO EM
FUNÇÃO DO TEOR DE FÓSFORO NA SEMENTE E DOSES DE FÓSFORO NO SOLO
1JULIANE DOSSI SALUM2, CLAUDEMIR ZUCARELI3, EDUARDO GAZOLA4, JOÃO NAKAGAWA5
RESUMO – Para avaliar o efeito da combinação de teores de fósforo na semente com doses de IyVIRURDSOLFDGDVYLDVRORVREUHDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXtPLFDVH¿VLROyJLFDVGHVHPHQWHGHIHLMmRIRUDP DYDOLDGDVVHPHQWHVGDVFXOWLYDUHV&DULRFD3UHFRFHH,$&&DULRFD7\EDWmSURGX]LGDVHPFXOWLYR³GD VHFD´1DSURGXomRGDVVHPHQWHVXWLOL]RXVHRGHOLQHDPHQWRH[SHULPHQWDOHPEORFRVFDVXDOL]DGRV HPHVTXHPDIDWRULDO[FRUUHVSRQGHQWHDWUrVWHRUHVGHIyVIRURQDVHPHQWHEDL[RPpGLRHDOWR HWUrVGRVHVGHIyVIRURQDIRUPDGHVXSHUIRVIDWRWULSORDSOLFDGDVQRVXOFRGHVHPHDGXUD]HUR HNJ32O5 . ha
-1WRWDOL]DQGRQRYHWUDWDPHQWRVSDUDFDGDFXOWLYDUFRPFLQFRUHSHWLo}HV)RUDP GHWHUPLQDGRVRWHRUGHiJXDHDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXtPLFDVWHRUHVGHSURWHtQDDo~FDUHVWRWDO13. &D0J6&X)H0QH=QH¿VLROyJLFDVGDVHPHQWHJHUPLQDomRHYLJRU2VGDGRVREWLGRVIRUDP VXEPHWLGRVjDQiOLVHGHYDULkQFLDHDVPpGLDVFRPSDUDGDVSHORWHVWH7XNH\DGHSUREDELOLGDGH $TXDOLGDGH¿VLROyJLFDGDVHPHQWHQmRpIDYRUHFLGDSHORVWHRUHVGHIyVIRURQDVHPHQWHHQRVROR HPERUDHVVHVRFDVLRQHPDOJXPDVDOWHUDo}HVQRVWHRUHVGHQXWULHQWHVGDVHPHQWH
7HUPRVSDUDLQGH[DomRPhaseolus vulgaris L.,DGXEDomRQXWULHQWHVJHUPLQDomRYLJRU
3)(57,/,=$7,21$1'6(('3&217(17())(&7621&+(0,&$/$1' 3+<6,2/2*,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&62)&20021%($16(('
$%675$&7±7KHREMHFWLYHRIWKLVVWXG\ZDVWRHYDOXDWHWKHFRPELQHGHIIHFWVRI3FRQWHQWLQWKH VHHGVDQG3UDWHVDSSOLHGWRVRLORQFKHPLFDODQGWKHSK\VLRORJLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIFRPPRQEHDQ VHHGV$OOWHVWVZHUHSHUIRUPHGZLWKVHHGVRIWKH&DULRFD3UHFRFHDQG,$&&DULRFD7\EDWmFXOWLYDUV JURZQGXULQJWKHGU\VHDVRQIURP0DUFKWR-XO\$UDQGRPL]HGEORFNGHVLJQLQD[IDFWRULDOQLQH WUHDWPHQWVFRPELQLQJWKUHH3VHHGFRQWHQWVORZPHGLXPDQGKLJKDQGWKUHHUDWHVRI3DQG NJKD-1DSSOLHGDVWULSOHVXSHUSKRVSKDWHWRWKHVRLOZLWK¿YHUHSOLFDWLRQVZDVXVHGWRDQDO\]H VHHGSURGXFWLRQDQGTXDOLW\IRUHDFKFXOWLYDU0HDQVZHUHFRPSDUHGE\WKH7XNH\WHVWDW7KH IROORZLQJYDULDEOHVZHUHHYDOXDWHGPRLVWXUHFRQWHQWFKHPLFDOSURWHLQWRWDOVXJDUV13.&D 0J6&X)H0QDQG=QFRQWHQWVDQGSK\VLRORJLFDOJHUPLQDWLRQDQGYLJRUVHHGFKDUDFWHULVWLFV 7KHVHHGSK\VLRORJLFDOTXDOLW\ZDVQRWLPSURYHGE\VHHG3FRQWHQWDQG3IHUWLOL]DWLRQLQVSLWHRIVRPH effects on nutrient contents.
,QGH[WHUPVPhaseolus vulgaris /IHUWLOL]DWLRQQXWULHQWVJHUPLQDWLRQYLJRU
1Submetido em 08/01/2007. Aceito para publicação em 20/12/2007. 2*UDGXDQGDHP$JURQRPLD)DFXOGDGHGH&LrQFLDV$JURQ{PLFDV±81(63
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INTRODUÇÃO
2 IHLMmR p XP GRV SULQFLSDLV FRQVWLWXLQWHV GD GLHWD DOLPHQWDU GR SRYR EUDVLOHLUR VHQGR XPD H[FHOHQWH IRQWH GHDPLQRiFLGRVFDUERLGUDWRVYLWDPLQDVPLQHUDLVH¿EUDV DSUHVHQWDDLQGDFRQWH~GRSURWpLFRGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH 6JDUELHUL
A produtividade e a lucratividade de um empreendimento DJUtFROD HVWmR GLUHWDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGDV j TXDOLGDGH GD VHPHQWHXWLOL]DGDSDUDDVHPHDGXUD$VVLPXPGRVIDWRUHV TXHPDLVFRQWULEXLSDUDREDL[RUHQGLPHQWRGRIHLMRHLURQR %UDVLODSHVDUGDVXDLPSRUWkQFLDpDXWLOL]DomRGHJUmRDR LQYpVGHVHPHQWHSDUDDLQVWDODomRGDFXOWXUD<RNR\DPDHW DO
2 XVR GH VHPHQWH FRP TXDOLGDGHV JHQpWLFD VDQLWiULD ItVLFD H ¿VLROyJLFD p HVVHQFLDO SDUD D REWHQomR GH ERD SURGXWLYLGDGH H FRQVHTHQWHPHQWH UHWRUQR ¿QDQFHLUR $ DGXEDomRpFLWDGDSRU6iFRPRXPGRVIDWRUHVTXH DIHWDP D TXDOLGDGH GD VHPHQWH SRLV SODQWDV DGXEDGDV GH PRGR DGHTXDGR DSUHVHQWDP FRQGLo}HV GH SURGX]LU PDLRU TXDQWLGDGHGHVHPHQWHDOpPGHSURPRYHUPHOKRUTXDOLGDGH por resistir mais facilmente a adversidades durante o período de produção.
2 PDFURQXWULHQWH H[LJLGR HP PDLRU TXDQWLGDGH SHOR IHLMRHLUR p R QLWURJrQLR VHJXLGR SRU SRWiVVLR FiOFLR HQ[RIUHPDJQpVLRHIyVIRUR&RQWXGRTXDQGRVHFRQVLGHUD DSHQDVDVHPHQWHDPDLRUSRUFHQWDJHPGRWRWDODEVRUYLGRp IRUPDGDSRU1H3VHJXLGRVSRU6.0JH&D$UI $ QHFHVVLGDGH GH IyVIRUR DFXPXODomR QD SODQWD p PXLWR PHQRUGRTXHDGHQLWURJrQLRHDPDLRUSDUWHGH3DFXPXODGR QD SODQWD PDLRU TXH p WUDQVORFDGD SDUD D VHPHQWH sendo possível aumentar a produtividade da cultura com o DXPHQWRGDWD[DGHDEVRUomRGH3)DJHULDHWDO
Os efeitos dos nutrientes sobre a qualidade da semente WRUQDPVH PDLV SURQXQFLDGRV HP VLWXDo}HV GH GH¿FLrQFLD QXWULFLRQDO $ H[LJrQFLD QXWULFLRQDO SDUD D PDLRULD GDV HVSpFLHV DXPHQWD FRP R LQLFLR GD IDVH UHSURGXWLYD VHQGR PDLV FULWLFD SRU RFDVLmR GD IRUPDomR GD VHPHQWH TXDQGR JUDQGHTXDQWLGDGHGRVQXWULHQWHVpWUDQVORFDGDSDUDHODV$ GLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHQXWULHQWHVLQÀXLQDIRUPDomRGRHPEULmR HGRVyUJmRVGHUHVHUYDHQDFRPSRVLomRTXtPLFDGDVHPHQWH DIHWDQGR FRQVHTHQWHPHQWH VXD TXDOLGDGH &DUYDOKR H 1DNDJDZD
9LHLUDHVWXGDQGRRHIHLWRGDDGXEDomRIRVIDWDGD QDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV TXtPLFDV H ¿VLROyJLFDV GD VHPHQWH GR IHLMmR YHUL¿FRX TXH PDLRUHV WHRUHV GH IyVIRUR QR VROR UHVXOWDUDPHPVHPHQWHFRPPDLRUHVSHVRHYLJRUHTXHRV WHRUHV GH IyVIRUR QR VROR GH RQGH D VHPHQWH VHPHDGD VH
RULJLQRX QmR LQÀXHQFLDUDP DV SHUFHQWDJHQV GH SOkQWXODV QRUPDLVHDQRUPDLVHGHVHPHQWHVPRUWDV9HUL¿FRXWDPEpP que teores crescentes do nutriente no solo aumentaram a TXDQWLGDGHGH30JH=QHGLPLQXtUDPDGH1QDVHPHQWH $ GH¿FLrQFLD GH 3 SRGH HQWUHWDQWR UHVWULQJLU D DEVRUomR DVVLPLODomRHWUDQVORFDomRGH1QDVSODQWDV*QLD]GRZVND HWDO
3ODQWDVGHIHLMmRRULJLQDGDVGHVHPHQWHFRPDOWRWHRU GH 3 SURGX]LUDP PDLRU PDVVD GH SDUWH DpUHD H Q~PHUR e massa de nódulos e foram menos responsivas ao suprimento de P no solo do que plantas oriundas de semente FRP EDL[R WHRU GH 3 7HL[HLUD HW DO 2XWURVVLP VHPHQWHGHIHLMRHLURFRPPDLRUWHRUGH3SRGHUHVXOWDUHP SODQWDVFRPPDLRUFUHVFLPHQWRGDSDUWHDpUHDQRGXODomR H DF~PXOR GH 1 QR HVWiGLR YHJHWDWLYR GH FUHVFLPHQWR SDUWLFXODUPHQWHVREEDL[DVGRVHVDSOLFDGDVGHIyVIRURYLD VROR$UD~MRHWDO
Os trabalhos envolvendo fósforo na cultura do IHLMmR SULQFLSDOPHQWH RV UHODFLRQDGRV DR WHRU QD VHPHQWHOLPLWDPVHDDYDOLDURHIHLWRQDIDVHLQLFLDOGR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD FXOWXUD (P YLVWD GLVVR R REMHWLYR deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da combinação de teores de fósforo na semente com teores de fósforo aplicados via VRORVREUHRSURGXWR¿QDORXVHMDVREUHDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV TXtPLFDVH¿VLROyJLFDVGDVHPHQWH
MATERIAL E MÉTODOS
$ VHPHQWH GH IHLMmR IRL SURGX]LGD QD )D]HQGD ([SHULPHQWDO/DJHDGRSHUWHQFHQWHj)DFXOGDGHGH&LrQFLDV $JURQ{PLFDV±8QHVS%RWXFDWX63TXHVHHQFRQWUDD¶ ODWLWXGH VXO ¶ ORQJLWXGH RHVWH GH *UHHQZLFK FRP DOWLWXGHGHPHWURV2VRORXWLOL]DGRpFODVVL¿FDGRFRPR /DWRVVROR9HUPHOKR(PEUDSDFXMDDQiOLVHTXtPLFD UHYHORXS+&D&O2 02 JGP
-33UHVLQD PJGP-3+$O PPRO
c . dm
-3. PPRO c . dm
-3&D
22 mmolc . dm-30J PPRO c . dm
-36% PPRO c . dm
-3 &7& PPROc . dm
-3H9
GH IyVIRUR XWLOL]DGDV QD LQVWDODomR GHVVHV H[SHULPHQWRV IRUDPREWLGDVHPHQVDLRDQWHULRUFRQGX]LGRHPFXOWLYR³GDV iJXDV´DSDUWLUGHGLIHUHQWHVGRVHVGHIyVIRURDSOLFDGDVQR VXOFR GH VHPHDGXUD 'HVVH PRGR RV WHRUHV GH IyVIRUR QD VHPHQWHFRUUHVSRQGHUDPDHJNJ-1SDUD DFXOWLYDU&DULRFD3UHFRFHHHJNJ-1SDUD D ,$&&DULRFD 7\EDWm UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH HP WHRUHV DTXL FRQVLGHUDGRVEDL[R31PpGLR3HDOWR33
$QHFHVVLGDGHGHFDODJHPHDGXEDomRIRLGHWHUPLQDGD GH DFRUGR FRP $PEURVDQR HW DO FRP EDVH QD DQiOLVHTXtPLFDGRVROR&RPRIRQWHGHIyVIRURXWLOL]RXVH VXSHUIRVIDWR WULSOR $ DGXEDomR GH FREHUWXUD IRL UHDOL]DGD DRVHGLDVDSyVDHPHUJrQFLDGDVSODQWDVXWLOL]DQGR NJKD-1GH1QDIRUPDGHXUpLDHPSDUWHVLJXDLVSDUD cada aplicação.
$SyVDFROKHLWDDVHPHQWHIRLDUPD]HQDGDHPFkPDUD VHFDFRPGHXPLGDGHUHODWLYDHVHPFRQWUROHGH WHPSHUDWXUDDWpRPRPHQWRGDVDYDOLDo}HV
3DUDDYDOLDURVWHRUHVGHQXWULHQWHVDPRVWUDVGHVHPHQWH IRUDP VHFDV DWp SHVR FRQVWDQWH HP HVWXID GH YHQWLODomR IRUoDGDD&VHQGRPRtGDVHSRVWHULRUPHQWHDQDOLVDGDV SDUD GHWHUPLQDomR GH 1 3 . &D 0J 6 &X )H 0Q H =Q VHJXQGR 0DODYROWD HW DO 2 WHRU GH proteínas na semente foi calculado mediante a multiplicação do teor GHQLWURJrQLRSHORtQGLFH$2$&2VWHRUHVGH Do~FDUHVWRWDLVIRUDPGHWHUPLQDGRVGHDFRUGRFRPRPpWRGR GH'XERLVHWDOH6RPRJ\L
$V DYDOLDo}HV GR WHRU GH iJXD GDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV ¿VLROyJLFDV GD VHPHQWH HP ODERUDWyULR H GR WHVWH GH HPHUJrQFLD GH SOkQWXODV QR FDPSR IRUDP UHDOL]DGDV HP MDQHLURGHHMDQHLURGHDSyVVHLVHGH]RLWRPHVHV GDFROKHLWDUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
2 WHRU GH iJXD IRL GHWHUPLQDGR XWLOL]DQGR J SRU UHSHWLomRHPHVWXIDD&GXUDQWHKRUDVFRQIRUPH
DV5HJUDVSDUD$QiOLVHGH6HPHQWHV%UDVLO2WHVWH GH JHUPLQDomR IRL FRQGX]LGR HP SDSHO WLSR WRDOKD 53 XPHGHFLGRQDSURSRUomRGHYH]HVDPDVVDGRVXEVWUDWR VHFRFRPVHPHQWHVSRUUHSHWLomRPDQWLGDVHPJHUPLQDGRU D&VHJXLQGRRVFULWpULRVGHDYDOLDomRHVWDEHOHFLGRVHP %UDVLO$ SULPHLUDFRQWDJHPGRWHVWHGHJHUPLQDomR UHDOL]DGD DRV FLQFR GLDV DSyV D LQVWDODomR GR WHVWH IRL FRQVLGHUDGDFRPRWHVWHGHYLJRU2WHVWHGHHQYHOKHFLPHQWR DFHOHUDGRIRLH[HFXWDGRVHJXLQGRDPHWRGRORJLDGHVFULWDHP 0DUFRV)LOKRXWLOL]DQGRVHPHQWHVSRUUHSHWLomR GLVWULEXtGDVHPFDPDGD~QLFDVREUHEDQGHMDGHWHODPHWiOLFD ¿[DGDQRLQWHULRUGHFDL[DSOiVWLFDGRWLSRJHUER[FRQWHQGR P/GHiJXD$VFDL[DVWDPSDGDVHDFRQGLFLRQDGDVHP VDFRVSOiVWLFRVIRUDPPDQWLGDVHPFkPDUDD&SRU
KRUDV $SyV HVVH SHUtRGR IRL GHWHUPLQDGR R WHRU GH iJXD H UHDOL]DGR R WHVWH GH JHUPLQDomR VHQGR IHLWD XPD ~QLFD avaliação aos cinco dias após a instalação. Para o teste de FRQGXWLYLGDGH HOpWULFD IRUDP XWLOL]DGDV VHPHQWHV SRU UHSHWLomRFRPPDVVDFRQKHFLGDTXHIRUDPFRORFDGDVSDUD embeber dentro de recipientes plásticos contendo 75 mL GH iJXD GHLRQL]DGD SRU XP SHUtRGR GH K D & (P VHJXLGDSURFHGHXVHjOHLWXUDGDFRQGXWLYLGDGHHOpWULFDGD VROXomR GH HPEHELomR HP FRQGXWLYtPHWUR H[SUHVVDQGR RV resultados em PS.cm-1J-1GHVHPHQW9LHLUD
2WHVWHGHHPHUJrQFLDGHSOkQWXODVQRFDPSRIRLUHDOL]DGR com 50 sementes por repetição. A semente foi colocada em VXOFR FRP P GH FRPSULPHQWR H DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH FP GH SURIXQGLGDGH H LUULJDGD VHPSUH TXH QHFHVViULR $ FRQWDJHPGDVSOkQWXODVQRUPDLVHPHUJLGDVIRLHIHWXDGDDRV GLDVDSyVDVHPHDGXUDFRPH[SUHVVmRGRVUHVXOWDGRVHP SRUFHQWDJHP1DNDJDZD
Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de YDULkQFLDHDVPpGLDVFRPSDUDGDVDRWHVWH7XNH\DGH probabilidade.
RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
2VWHRUHVGH1H.QDVHPHQWHGDVFY&DULRFD3UHFRFHH ,$&&DULRFD7\EDWmQmRIRUDPLQÀXHQFLDGRVSHODVGRVHVGH 3QRVRORHSHORWHRUGH3GDVVHPHQWHV7DEHODVH6LOYD H9KDOREWLYHUDPUHVXOWDGRVVHPHOKDQWHVHVWXGDQGR GRVHV GH 3 DSOLFDGDV QR VROR 2 DOWR WHRU LQLFLDO GH . QR VROR5DLMHWDOSRGHWHUFRQWULEXtGRSDUDTXHVHXWHRU QD VHPHQWH QmR WHQKD VLGR LQÀXHQFLDGR SHORV WUDWDPHQWRV DSOLFDGRVQDVGXDVFXOWLYDUHV2.pRVHJXQGRQXWULHQWHPDLV DEVRUYLGRHH[SRUWDGRSHODSODQWDGHIHLMmR$UIIDWR RFRUULGRQRSUHVHQWHWUDEDOKR7DEHODVH(VVHQXWULHQWH DWXDHPSURFHVVRVUHVSRQViYHLVSHODTXDOLGDGHGRVSURGXWRV RTXHRWRUQDLPSRUWDQWHSDUDRIHLMmRSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUD DOJXPDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV FRPR FRU WDPDQKR TXDQWLGDGH GH YLWDPLQDVHSURWHtQDVQDVHPHQWH'HPRGRJHUDORVWHRUHV REWLGRVGH.QDVHPHQWHIRUDPVDWLVIDWyULRVSRLV2OLYHLUD 7KXQJUHODWDPYDORUHVTXHYDULDPGHDJNJ-1 em diferentes cultivares.
QXWULHQWHQDVHPHQWHFROKLGD7DEHODVH1RHQWDQWRFRP UHODomRjVGRVHVGH3DSOLFDGDVDRVRORRQGHRWHRULQLFLDO GHVVHHUDEDL[R5DLMHWDODVHPHQWHGLIHULXTXDQWR DRWHRUGRQXWULHQWH3DUDµ&DULRFD3UHFRFH¶RWUDWDPHQWR VHPDSOLFDomRGH3DSUHVHQWRXRPHQRUYDORUQmRGLIHULQGR GDPDLRUGRVHGHNJKD-1$GRVHLQWHUPHGLDULDNJ ha-1FDXVRXPDLRUDF~PXORGH3QDVHPHQWHSURYDYHOPHQWH SRU WHU SRVVLELOLWDGR WUDQVORFDomR Pi[LPD 3DUD µ,$& &DULRFD7\EDWm¶RDXPHQWRGDVGRVHVGH3QRVRORFDXVRX incrementos das quantidades de P na semente. Aumentos QRWHRUGH3GDVHPHQWHIRUDPWDPEpPREWLGRVHPRXWURV WUDEDOKRV9LHLUD7HL[HLUD $UD~MR6LOYD 9DKOFRPDSOLFDomRGHGRVHVGHDGXERIRVIDWDGRQR VRORjVHPHOKDQoDGRREVHUYDGRQHVWHWUDEDOKR
1D FY &DULRFD 3UHFRFH 7DEHOD RFRUUHX HIHLWR GD LQWHUDomRGHGRVHVGH3QRVRORHWHRUGH3QDVHPHQWHSDUD RVWHRUHVGH&D0JH63DUDR&DDGRVHGHNJKD-1 de P2O5QRVRORIRLVXSHULRUjGRVHGHNJKD-1SRUpPIRL VHPHOKDQWHjGRVH]HURGHQWURGRWHRU31EDL[RGHIyVIRUR na semente. Para os teores P2PpGLRH33DOWRQDVHPHQWH DVGRVHVGH3QRVRORQmRLQÀXHQFLDUDPRVWHRUHVGH&DQD VHPHQWH SURYDYHOPHQWH GHYLGR j DOWD TXDQWLGDGH LQLFLDO GH&DQRVRORRTXHSRGHWHUPDVFDUDGRTXDOTXHUSRVVtYHO UHODomRHQWUHHVVHVQXWULHQWHVLVVRSRGHVHULQIHULGRSHORV DOWRV WHRUHV GH &D QD VHPHQWH 7DEHOD 1D DXVrQFLD GH DGXEDomRGH3QRVRORRWHRUGH&DQDVHPHQWHGH33 foi menor TXHDVRULJLQiULDVGH31 e P21DFY,$&&DULRFD7\EDWmR WHRUGH&DIRLPHQRUQDVHPHQWHRULJLQiULDVGDTXHODVGH32 e P3LQGHSHQGHQWHGDDGXEDomRFRP3QRVROR7DEHOD
&RPUHODomRDR0JDGRVHGHNJKD-1 de P 2O5 no VRORRFDVLRQRXDFUpVFLPRHPUHODomRjGRVHGHNJKD-1 dentro do teor P1 de fósforo na semente da cultivar Carioca 3UHFRFH 7DEHOD GHQWUR GH 33de fósforo na semente RFRUUHXDXPHQWRGRQXWULHQWH0JSDUDDVGRVHVGHH NJKD-1 de P
2O5QRVRORjVHPHOKDQoDGRREVHUYDGRSRU 9LHLUDTXHFRQVWDWRXDXPHQWRGRWHRU0JQDVHPHQWH HPIXQomRGDDGXEDomRIRVIDWDGD1DDXVrQFLDGHDGXEDomR GH3QRVRORRVWHRUHVGH3QDVHPHQWHFDXVDUDPGLIHUHQoDV QRWHRUGH0JPRVWUDQGRTXHHPVRORVEHPQXWULGRVFRP3 RWHRUQDVHPHQWHQmRWHYHHIHLWRVREUHDTXDQWLGDGHGH0JQD VHPHQWHRVFRPSRUWDPHQWRVGH0JH&DIRUDPVHPHOKDQWHV SDUDHVVDFXOWLYDU1DFY,$&&DULRFD7\EDWmRWHRUGH0J GVHPHQWHQmRIRLDIHWDGRSHORVWUDWDPHQWRV7DEHOD
6HJXQGR0DODYROWDR6pXPHOHPHQWRH[LJLGR SHODVFXOWXUDVHPTXDQWLGDGHVVHPHOKDQWHVjVGR3VHQGRHVVD FDUDFWHUtVWLFDWDPEpPREVHUYDGDHPIHLMmR7DEHODVH Para o teor P3GHIyVIRURQDVHPHQWHDVGRVHVGH3QRVROR LQÀXHQFLDUDPQHJDWLYDPHQWHRFRQWH~GRGH6QDVHPHQWHGD µ&DULRFD3UHFRFH¶TXDQGRRVPDLRUHVWHRUHVGHVVHQXWULHQWH IRUDPREWLGRVQDVGRVHVGH]HURHNJKD-1 de P no solo. 1RV GHPDLV WHRUHV GH 3 QD VHPHQWH QmR KRXYH HIHLWR GD DGXEDomRIRVIDWDGDQRVWHRUHVGH6QDVHPHQWH7DEHOD à semelhança do ocorrido para todos os tratamentos da cv. ,$&&DULRFD7\EDWm7DEHOD
4XDQWRDRVWHRUHVGH&X)H0Q=QSURWHtQDVHDo~FDUHV WRWDLVGDVHPHQWHQDFY,$&&DULRFD7\EDWm7DEHODQmR houve efeito de interação entre os tratamentos. O mesmo RFRUUHXQDFY&DULRFD3UHFRFH7DEHODFRPH[FHomRGR
N P K Cu Fe Mn Proteína Açúcares totais
Tratamento
---(g . kg-1)--- ---(mg . kg-1)--- ---(%)---P na semente
P1 35,21 a 1,81 a 12,17 a 17,04 a 100,13 a 11,83 a 22,01 a 7,00ab
P2 35,54 a 1,74 a 12,90 a 19,56 a 98,54 a 13,48 a 22,21 a 8,46a
P3 34,59 a 1,80 a 12,30 a 18,84 a 103,64 a 13,08 a 21,62 a 6,26b
P no solo
0 34,94 A 1,75 B 11,92 A 18,47 A 82,10 A 13,98 A 21,83 A 7,53A
90 35,14 A 1,84 A 12,75 A 17,35 A 95,60 A 12,93 A 21,96 A 7,46A
150 35,27 A 1,78 AB 12,65 A 19,63 A 124,63 A 11,52 A 22,04 A 6,73A
CV (%) 9,49 5,14 10,57 23,08 57,18 22,10 9,49 28,10
P1 JNJ-13
2 JNJ
-13
3 JNJ
-1
0pGLDVVHJXLGDVGHPHVPDOHWUDQDFROXQDPLQ~VFXODSDUD3QDVHPHQWHHPDL~VFXODSDUD3QRVRORQmRGLIHUHPSHORWHVWH7XNH\D
=Q 7DEHOD 2OLYHLUD 7KXQJ DSUHVHQWDUDP DV IDL[DVGRVWHRUHVGHPLFURQXWULHQWHVGDVHPHQWHREWLGDSRU GLIHUHQWHVSHVTXLVDGRUHVSDUDRIHLMRHLURVHQGR&X D PJNJ-1)H DPJNJ-10Q DPJNJ-1H=Q DPJNJ-1HVVHVWHRUHVVmRGHPRGRJHUDOPHQRUHV TXHRVGH&XH)HHPDLRUHVTXHRVGH0QH=QREWLGRV QHVVHWUDEDOKR7DEHODVH([LVWHPDOJXQVIDWRUHVTXH afetam a disponibilidade desses micronutrientes e entre eles HVWmRDVDOWDVFRQFHQWUDo}HVGH3FDXVDQGRGH¿FLrQFLDGH )HH&X1RHQWDQWRQHVVHFDVRRDXPHQWRGDGRVHGH3 DWpNJKD-1 de P
2O5QmRUHVXOWRXHPGHFUpVFLPRGHVVHV QXWULHQWHVQDVHPHQWHGDVGXDVFXOWLYDUHV7DEHODHe interessante salientar que o teor de Mn da semente para a µ,$&&DULRFD7\EDWm¶7DEHODIRLIDYRUHFLGRWDQWRSHOR PDLRUWHRUGH3GDVHPHQWHVFRPRSHODDGXEDomRIRVIDWDGD o que pode ser resultado dos efeitos dos tratamentos sobre a GLQkPLFDGDGLVSRQLELOL]DomRGRPLFURQXWULHQWHQRVRORRX GHDEVRUomRGHVVHHOHPHQWRSHORIHLMRHLUR3DUDDµ&DULRFD 3UHFRFH¶QmRKRXYHHIHLWRGRVWUDWDPHQWRV7DEHOD
1D FY &DULRFD 3UHFRFH 7DEHOD R =Q DSUHVHQWRX QD GRVH GH NJ KD-1 de P
2O5QR VROR PDLRU WHRU TXH QD
GRVHGHNJKD-1GHQWURGRVWHRUHV3
1e P2 de fósforo QD VHPHQWH 'HQWUR GR WHRU 33 QD VHPHQWH D GRVH GH NJ KD-1 de P
2O5 QR VROR PRVWURX PDLRU YDORU GH =Q HP UHODomRjGRVH]HURHNJKD-1 de P no solo. Os maiores YDORUHV GH =Q QD VHPHQWH IRUDP REWLGRV SDUD WHRU 31 na VHPHQWHHPDXVrQFLDGHDGXEDomRGH3HSDUDWHRU33 da VHPHQWHFRPNJKD-1 de adubação de P. A redução no WHRUGH=QRFDVLRQDGDSHORDXPHQWRGDFRQFHQWUDomRGH3 QR VROR p XP IHQ{PHQR EDVWDQWH GLVFXWLGR ([LVWHP WUrV PHFDQLVPRVGLVWLQWRVTXHSRGHPH[SOLFDUDLQWHUDomRHQWUH HVVHV QXWULHQWHV D GLOXLomR GR =Q QR WHFLGR YHJHWDO HP virtude do aumento do crescimento das plantas decorrente GD PDLRU GLVSRQLELOLGDGH GH 3 QR VROR E XPD LQWHUDomR ¿VLROyJLFDDQWDJ{QLFDHQWUHHVVHVHOHPHQWRVRQGHR3LQLEH DDEVRUomRGR=QHFHIHLWRQHJDWLYRGR3QRWUDQVSRUWHGR =QGDVUDt]HVSDUDDSDUWHDpUHDGDSODQWD'HVVHPRGRR DXPHQWRGDDGXEDomRIRVIDWDGDGHYHULDSURPRYHUUHGXo}HV QRVWHRUHVGH=QFRPRREVHUYDGRSDUDRVWHRUHVGDVHPHQWH de P1 e P2PDVRPHVPRQmRRFRUUHXSDUDRVWHRUHVGH=Q obtidos do teor P3GDVHPHQWHSURGX]LGDFRPNJKD-1 GHDGXEDomRGH3PRVWUDQGRTXHQHVVHFDVRWHRUHVDOWRVGH
Teor de P na semente Teor de P no solo
P1 P2 P3
Cálcio (g . kg-1)
0 5,09 aAB 7,15 aA 2,45 bA
90 3,19 aB 5,36 aA 4,89 aA
150 6,00 aA 5,81 aA 3,95 aA
Magnésio (g . kg-1)
0 1,82 abAB 2,04 aA 1,53 bB
90 1,73 aB 1,92 aA 2,15 aA
150 2,00aA 2,01 aA 2,08 aA
Enxofre (g . kg-1)
0 1,72 aA 1,71 aA 1,63 aA
90 1,70 aA 1,70 aA 1,55 aA
150 1,68 aA 1,72 aA 0,93 bB
Zinco (mg . kg-1)
0 25,75 aA 21,84 bA 19,84 bB
90 24,00 aAB 20,16 bAB 19,92 bB
150 22,52 bB 18,48 cB 25,44 aA
P1 JNJ-13
2 JNJ
-13
3 JNJ
-1
0pGLDVVHJXLGDVGHPHVPDOHWUDPLQ~VFXODSDUD3QDVHPHQWHHPDL~VFXODSDUD3QRVRORQmRGLIHUHPSHORWHVWH7XNH\D
3QDVHPHQWHQmRLQWHUDJLUDPFRPRVGH3QRVROR$QGUDGH HWDOWUDEDOKDQGRFRPGLIHUHQWHVDGXEDo}HVWDPEpP não detectaram diferenças para o teor desse nutriente na VHPHQWH 9LHLUD HQWUHWDQWR YHUL¿FRX DXPHQWR QR WHRUGH=QGDVHPHQWHFRPRDFUpVFLPRGH3QRVROR3DUDD µ,$&&DULRFD7\EDWm¶QmRKRXYHHIHLWRGRVWUDWDPHQWRV
O fornecimento adequado e equilibrado de nutrientes DRIHLMRHLURSHORXVRGHDGXERVPLQHUDLVSRGHFRQWULEXLU SDUDDXPHQWDUDSURGXWLYLGDGHHWDPEpPPHOKRUDURYDORU QXWULFLRQDO GR IHLMmR 7HL[HLUD 1R HQWDQWR QHVVH WUDEDOKRRVWHRUHVGHSURWHtQDQRVGRLVFXOWLYDUHVHRWHRU GHDo~FDUHVWRWDLVQDFY,$&&DULRFD7\EDWm7DEHODVH QmRGLIHULUDPHVWDWLVWLFDPHQWHQDVGRVHVGH3QRVRORH QHPQRWHRUGH3QDVHPHQWH'HPRGRJHUDODFY&DULRFD 3UHFRFH DSUHVHQWRX PDLRUHV SHUFHQWDJHQV GH SURWHtQD QDV
VHPHQWH HP UHODomR D ,$&&DULRFD 7\EDWm FRP YDORUHV HQWUHH/HPRVHWDOHP%RWXFDWX 63SDUDDµ&DULRFD3UHFRFH¶REWLYHUDPYDORUHVGH H QDV VDIUDV GH H UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH $ SRUFHQWDJHPGHDo~FDUWRWDOQDFY&DULRFD3UHFRFH7DEHOD IRLLQÀXHQFLDGDSHORWHRULQLFLDOGH3QDVHPHQWHTXDQGR os maiores valores foram para o teor P2 na semente.
2 WHRU GH iJXD D JHUPLQDomR H R YLJRU SULPHLUD FRQWDJHPHQYHOKHFLPHQWRDFHOHUDGRFRQGXWLYLGDGHHOpWULFD H HPHUJrQFLD GH SOkQWXODV HP FDPSR GH VHPHQWH GD FY &DULRFD3UHFRFHHPIXQomRGRWHRUGH3QDVHPHQWHHGRVHV GH 3 QR VROR DYDOLDGRV HP MDQHLUR GH H MDQHLUR GH FRP H[FHomR GD FRQGXWLYLGDGH HOpWULFD QmR IRUDP DIHWDGRVSHORVWUDWDPHQWRV7DEHOD=XFDUHOLHWDO HP FRQGLo}HV VHPHOKDQWHV D HVVH HVWXGR QmR FRQVWDWDUDP
TA GE PC EA CE EC
Tratamento
---%--- (S cm-1. g-1) (%)
P na semente Janeiro de 2004
P1 6,7 a 92 a 90 a 90 a 90,47 a 83a
P2 6,8 a 94 a 93 a 90 a 81,55 b 85a
P3 6,8 a 95 a 93 a 90 a 78,13 b 84a
P no solo
0 7,1 A 95 A 94 A 91 A 80,47 A 88A
90 6,4 A 92 A 90 A 90 A 85,52 A 82A
150 6,8 A 95 A 93 A 89 A 84,17 A 81A
CV (%) 19,5 6,52 9,16 7,38 10,8 9,45
P na semente Janeiro de 2005
P1 11,9 a 90 a 78 a 73 a 109,64 a 83 a
P2 12,6 a 95 a 87 a 75 a 101,09 b 85 a
P3 12,3 a 93 a 85 a 75 a 97,78 b 84 a
P no solo
0 12,1 A 92 A 79 A 76 A 101,69 A 88 A
90 12,2 A 93 A 84 A 75 A 103,00 A 83 A
150 12,5 A 94 A 87 A 71 A 103,83 A 82 A
CV (%) 12,66 7,22 12,25 12,63 8,85 9,52
P1 JNJ-13
2 JNJ
-13
3 JNJ
-1
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WDPEpP PHOKRULD QD TXDOLGDGH GH VHPHQWH GD FY ,$& &DULRFDFRPDSOLFDomRGHGRVHVGH3QRVROR(QWUHWDQWR .LNXWLHWDOHVWXGDQGRRHIHLWRGDDGXEDomRGHEDVH REVHUYDUDPTXHGRVJHQyWLSRVDYDOLDGRVUHVSRQGHUDP SRVLWLYDPHQWH j DGXEDomR TXDQWR j JHUPLQDomR 3HOD FRQGXWLYLGDGHHOpWULFDDVHPHQWHRULJLQiULDGRVWHRUHV32e P3 QDVHPHQWHDSUHVHQWRXFDGDXPDPDLRUYLJRUTXHDVGH31 QRVGRLVSHUtRGRVGHDYDOLDomR7DEHOD1RHQWDQWRSHODV GHPDLVDYDOLDo}HVYHUL¿FDVHTXHQmRPRVWUDUDPGLIHUHQoDV HQWUH RV WUDWDPHQWRV PDV LQGLFDUDP TXH KRXYH TXHGD GH TXDOLGDGHFRPRDUPD]HQDPHQWRSRUXPDQR
$V DYDOLDo}HV GD TXDOLGDGH ¿VLROyJLFD 7DEHOD QmR LQGLFDUDPHIHLWRVGHWUDWDPHQWRVQDVHPHQWHGHIHLMmRGDFY ,$&&DULRFD7\EDWmQDVGHWHUPLQDo}HVGHMDQHLURGHQR HQWDQWRDSyVXPDQRGHDUPD]HQDPHQWRHPMDQHLURGH HVVHVUHVXOWDGRVVHDOWHUDUDP2VGDGRVGHJHUPLQDomRSULPHLUD FRQWDJHPHFRQGXWLYLGDGHHOpWULFDLQGLFDPSLRUTXDOLGDGHSDUD DVHPHQWHSURGX]LGDVREPDLRUGRVHGHDGXEDomRIRVIDWDGD &RQVLGHUDQGR R WHRU GH 3 QD VHPHQWH YHUL¿FDVH TXH SHOD FRQGXWLYLGDGH HOpWULFD R WHRU LQWHUPHGLiULR UHVXOWRX HP VHPHQWHGHPHOKRUYLJRUHPERUDRGHPDLRUWHRUGHIyVIRUR WHQKD VLGR R SLRU 3HOR WHVWH GH HQYHOKHFLPHQWR DFHOHUDGR DSHVDUGDLQWHUDomR3QDVHPHQWH[3QRVROR7DEHODR teor intermediário de P na semente mostrou-se semelhante DRVGHPDLVWHRUHVGH3SRUHVVHWHVWHDVVHPHQWHVFRQWHQGR PDLRUWHRUGH3HTXHUHFHEHUDPDPDLRUGRVHGH3NJ
ha-1YLDVRORUHVXOWDUDPHPSURGXomRGHVHPHQWHFRPPHQRU YLJRU(VVHVUHVXOWDGRVPRVWUDPTXHDSyVRDUPD]HQDPHQWR LQGHSHQGHQWH GR WHRU LQLFLDO GH 3 D VHPHQWH GD FY ,$& &DULRFD7\EDWmSURGX]LGDVREGRVHVGHNJKD-1 de P
205 no VRORDSUHVHQWRXPHQRUYLJRUPDVQDDXVrQFLDGR3DTXDOLGDGH IRLPHOKRUPRVWUDQGRTXHDOWDVTXDQWLGDGHVGH3QDDGXEDomR SRGHPQmRVHUIDYRUiYHLVjTXDOLGDGH¿VLROyJLFDGDVHPHQWH TXDQGRDUPD]HQDGD.LNXWLHWDOQmRHQFRQWUDUDPHIHLWR GDVGRVHVGH3DSOLFDGRQRVRORSDUDDPDLRULDGDVDYDOLDo}HVGH TXDOLGDGH¿VLROyJLFDDQWHVHDSyVDUPD]HQDPHQWRGDVHPHQWH
3HODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV DYDOLDGDV QD VHPHQWH YHUL¿FRXVH TXHSDUDDPEDVDVFXOWLYDUHV&DULRFD3UHFRFHHµ,$&&DULRFD 7\EDWm¶DDSOLFDomRGH3YLDVRORDSHVDUGHWHURFDVLRQDGR DXPHQWRQRWHRUGH3QDVHPHQWHQmRIDYRUHFHXDTXDOLGDGH ¿VLROyJLFD(VVHVUHVXOWDGRVGLIHUHPGRVREWLGRVSRURXWURV DXWRUHV9LHLUD7HL[HLUDHWDOH$UD~MRHWDO TXH REVHUYDP PHOKRU GHVHPSHQKR GD VHPHQWH GH IHLMRHLUR com maior teor de P. Tais diferenças podem ser devidas às cultivares ou aos teores estudados de P da semente.
CONCLUSÃO
$ TXDOLGDGH ¿VLROyJLFD GD VHPHQWH FROKLGD QmR p favorecida pelo teor de fósforo na semente semeada nem SHOD VXD GLVSRQLELOLGDGH QR VROR HPERUD HVVHV RFDVLRQHP DOJXPDVDOWHUDo}HVQRVWHRUHVGHQXWULHQWHVGDVHPHQWH
N P K Ca Mg S Cu Fe Mn Zn Proteína Açúcares totais
Tratamento ---(g . kg-1
)---
--- (mg . kg-1 )--
--- -(%)-
--P na semente
P1 30,41 a 1,62 a 13,23 a 2,93 a 1,93 a 1,07 a 21,33a 99,13a 11,73b 29,47a 19,05a 9,20a
P2 30,13 a 1,66 a 13,40 a 1,60 b 2,00 a 1,08 a 24,13a 117,93a 13,60b 28,67a 18,83a 7,80a
P3 32,45 a 1,68 a 12,54 a 1,73 b 1,93 a 1,14 a 22,80a 113,33a 15,73a 30,06a 20,28a 8,13a
P no solo
0 31,73 A 1,59 B 13,13 A 2,07 A 1,93 A 1,08 A 21,93A 07,33A 12,33 B 29,40A 19,83A 8,60A
90 31,50 A 1,64 AB 12,93 A 1,94 A 2,00 A 1,04 A 23,30A 93,80A 4,07AB 30,13A 19,64A 8,33A
150 29,76 A 1,72 A 13,07 A 2,27 A 1,93 A 1,17 A 23,00A 29,27A 14,67A 28,67A 18,60A 8,20A
CV (%) 8,97 6,82 8,55 4,24 10,95 14,10 15,43 54,17 17,15 6,96 8,97 27,00
P1 JNJ-13
2 JNJ
-13
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-1
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REFERÊNCIAS
$0%526$12 (- :87.( (%%8/,6$1, ($ &$17$5(//$+/HJXPLQRVDVHROHDJLQRVDV,Q5$,-%YDQ&$17$5(//$+48$**,2-$)85/$1, $0&$0%526$12(-:87.((%%8/,6$1, ($ &$17$5(//$ + /HJXPLQRVDVRecomendações de adubação e calagem para o Estado de São Paulo. 2 ed. &DPSLQDV ,QVWLWXWR $JURQ{PLFR )XQGDomR ,$& S%ROHWLPWpFQLFR
$1'5$'(&$GH%3$7521,606&/(0(17( ( 6&$3,0 & 3URGXWLYLGDGH H TXDOLGDGH QXWULFLRQDO GH FXOWLYDUHV GH IHLMmR HP GLIHUHQWHV DGXEDo}HVCiência e
Agrotecnologia/DYUDVYQS
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TABELA 5. Teor de água (TA), germinação (GE), primeira contagem (PC), teor de água do envelhecimento acelerado (TAEA), envelhecimento acelerado (EA), condutividade elétrica (CE) e emergência de plântulas no campo (EC) das sementes de feijão cultivar IAC Carioca Tybatã em função do teor de fósforo na semente (P1, P2, P3) e doses de fósforo no solo (zero, 90, 150 kg . ha –1), em janeiro de 2004 e janeiro de 2005. Botucatu, SP, 2005.
P1 JNJ-13
2 JNJ
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3 JNJ
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TABELA 6. Desdobramento da interação de teores de fósforo na semente x doses de fósforo no solo para envelhecimento acelerado em semente de feijão cultivar IAC Carioca Tybatã em 01/2005. Botucatu, SP, 2005.
TA GE PC EA CE EC
Tratamento
---%--- (S cm-1. g-1) (%)
P na semente Janeiro de 2004
P1 7,8 95 a 94 a 83 a 85,00 a 89a
P2 8,2 93 a 92 a 73 a 83,36 a 92a
P3 8,4 94 a 93 a 71 a 85,27 a 89a
P no solo
0 8,0 97 A 96 A 74 A 80,67 A 91A
90 7,9 92 A 90 A 83 A 83,21 A 91A
150 8,5 93 A 92 A 70 A 89,74 A 89A
CV (%) 6,92 9,82 9,84 18,72 12,45 6,21
P na semente Janeiro de 2005
P1 10,6 a 97 a 91 a - 102,08 ab 89 a
P2 10,9 a 97 a 93 a - 100,80 b 93 a
P3 9,2 b 97 a 90 a - 110,76 a 90 a
P no solo
0 10,5 A 99 A 94 A - 95,35 B 91 A
90 9,9 A 98 AB 93 A - 107,53 A 91 A
150 10,4 A 96 B 87 B - 110,75 A 89 A
CV (%) 7,13 2,76 6,80 - 10,22 5,60
Teor de P na semente Teor de P
na semente P1 P2 P3
Envelhecimento acelerado (%)
0 74 aA 76 aAB 83 aA
90 84 aA 79 aA 80 aA
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