Measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks in pp collisions at $\sqrt(s) = 7$ TeV using the ATLAS detector

EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)

CERN-PH-EP-2013-171

Submitted to: Phys. Lett. B

Measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top

quarks in

pp

collisions at

√

s

= 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS Collaboration

Abstract

A measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks is presented.

In a

4.7 fb

data sample of proton–proton collisions at

√

s

= 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS

detec-tor at the LHC, events consistent with t¯

t

production and decay into a single charged lepton final

state are reconstructed. For each event, the mass difference between the top and anti-top quark

candidate is calculated. A two b-tag requirement is used in order to reduce the background

con-tribution. A maximum likelihood fit to these per-event mass differences yields ∆m ≡ m

− m

=

0.67 ± 0.61(stat)±0.41(syst) GeV, consistent with CPT invariance.

Measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks in pp

collisions at

√

s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

Abstract

A measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks is presented. In a 4.7 fb−1 data

sample of proton–proton collisions at√s = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, events

consistent with t¯t production and decay into a single charged lepton final state are reconstructed. For

each event, the mass difference between the top and anti-top quark candidate is calculated. A two b-tag requirement is used in order to reduce the background contribution. A maximum likelihood fit to these

per-event mass differences yields ∆m ≡ mt− m¯t= 0.67 ± 0.61(stat)±0.41(syst) GeV, consistent with CPT

invariance.

1. Introduction

The CPT symmetry 1 _{required by a locally}

gauge-invariant quantum field theory dictates that the masses of all particles and their anti-particles be exactly equal. Any deviation from this would have major implications for particle physics, implying a non-local field theory [1]. Searches for CPT viola-tion both in the B meson sector [2, 3, 4, 5] and with K mesons [6, 7, 8] have not yielded any deviations from the Standard Model (SM). The top quark has the unique property of decaying before hadroniza-tion, making it the only quark for which a direct measurement of its mass is possible. The CDF Col-laboration measured the mass difference between

top and anti-top quarks to be ∆m ≡ mt− mt¯=

3.3 ± 1.4 ± 1.0 GeV [9], approximately 2 standard

deviations away from zero. The D0

Collabora-tion measured ∆m = 0.8 ± 1.8 ± 0.5 GeV [10], in agreement with the SM value. The CMS Collab-oration recently measured ∆m = −0.44 ± 0.46 ± 0.27 GeV [11], also in agreement with the SM value. The CDF and D0 analyses used both the top and anti-top quarks within each event to measure ∆m. In the CMS measurement, the masses of the top and anti-top quarks with hadronic W boson decays are extracted from two separate samples, split using the lepton charge, and subtracted from one another. In this Letter, the ATLAS Collaboration presents

1_{CPT is the combination of three symmetries; Charge} conjugation (C), Parity (P) and Time reversal (T).

a measurement of this mass difference. The top

and anti-top quarks are each taken from the same

event, in which a t¯t pair is produced and decays in

the lepton+jets channel.

2. ATLAS detector

ATLAS [12] is a general-purpose particle physics detector with cylindrical geometry covering nearly the entire solid angle around the collision point. Cylindrical coordinates (r, φ) are used in the trans-verse plane, where φ is the azimuthal angle around the beam pipe. The pseudorapidity is defined as η ≡ −ln tan(θ/2), where θ is the polar angle. The

transverse mass (mT) of any two objects is

de-fined as mT≡p2ET1ET2(1 − cos ∆φ), where ETis

the object’s transverse energy, defined in the plane transverse to the beam axis.

The inner detector (ID) systems, located clos-est to the interaction region, are immersed in a 2 T axial magnetic field and provide charged

par-ticle tracking in the range |η| < 2.47. The ID

systems consist of a high-granularity silicon pixel detector and a silicon microstrip tracker, as well

as a transition radiation tracker. Located

out-side the solenoid, electromagnetic calorimetry is provided by barrel and endcap lead/liquid-argon calorimeters, and hadronic calorimetry by the steel/scintillating-tile sampling calorimeters in the central region, and liquid-argon calorimeters in the endcap/forward regions. Comprising separate trig-ger and high-precision tracking chambers, the muon

spectrometer measures the deflection of muons in a magnetic field with a field integral from 2–8 T m, generated by one barrel and two endcap supercon-ducting air-core toroids. A three-level trigger sys-tem is used to select and record interesting events. The level-1 hardware trigger uses a subset of detec-tor information to reduce the event rate resulting from the peak LHC bunch crossing rate of 20 MHz in 2011 to a value of at most 65 kHz. The level-1 trigger is followed by two software-based trigger levels, level-2 and the event filter, which together reduce the event rate to a few hundred Hz for per-manent storage and offline analysis.

3. Data sample and event selection

This analysis uses 4.7±0.2 fb−1 [13] of proton–

proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS

ex-periment at √s = 7 TeV in 2011. The selected

events used in this analysis must contain the

sig-nature of a t¯t event decaying in the lepton+jets

channel. Exactly one charged lepton is required

– either a single electron with ET > 25 GeV, or

a single muon with pT> 20 GeV, where pT is the

object’s transverse momentum, defined in the plane transverse to the beam axis. Energy deposits are se-lected as electron candidates based on their shower shapes in the electromagnetic calorimeters and on the presence of a good-quality track pointing to them. Electron candidates are required to pass the “tight” quality cuts described in Ref. [14], to fall in-side a well-instrumented region of the detector, and to be well isolated from other objects in the event. Muons are required to pass “tight” muon quality cuts [15, 16, 17], to be well measured in both the ID and the muon spectrometer, and to be isolated from other objects in the event. Events with an electron (muon) are required to have been triggered by an

electron (muon) trigger with an ET(pT) threshold

of 20 (18) GeV. The selection requirements ensure that triggered events are on the trigger efficiency plateau [18, 19].

Jets are reconstructed in the calorimeter using

the anti-kt algorithm [20, 21] with a radius

param-eter of 0.4, starting from energy deposits grouped into noise-suppressed topological clusters [22, 23].

Jets are required to satisfy pT> 25 GeV and |η| <

2.5. Events with jets arising from problematic re-gions in the calorimeters, beam backgrounds and cosmic rays are rejected [24]. Additional corrections are applied after the default ATLAS jet energy cal-ibration [24] to restore on average the partonic

en-ergies in t¯t events. Jets from the decay of long-lived

heavy-flavor hadrons are selected by using a multi-variate tagging algorithm (b-tagging) [25, 26]. The transverse momentum of neutrinos is inferred from the magnitude of the missing transverse momentum (E_Tmiss) [27].

In addition to the requirement of exactly one charged lepton, the signal selection for this analy-sis requires four or more jets, at least two of which must be b-tagged. The selected lepton is required to match a trigger object that caused the event to be recorded. To suppress backgrounds from multi-jet

events, Emiss

T must be larger than 30 (20) GeV in

the electron (muon) channel. Further reduction of the multi-jet background in the electron channel is

achieved by requiring the transverse mass (mT) of

the lepton and Emiss

T to be > 30 GeV. In the muon

channel, Emiss

T + mT> 60 GeV is required.

4. Simulated samples and background esti-mation

The ATLAS detector simulation [28], based on Geant4 [29], is used to process simulated signal and background events. Simulated minimum bias collisions are overlaid on top of the hard scatter pro-cess, and events are reweighted so that the distribu-tion of the average number of interacdistribu-tions (typically 5–20, see Ref. [30]) per bunch crossing matches the distribution observed in data.

Simulated samples of t¯t events are produced

us-ing Pythia v6.425 [31] with ∆m rangus-ing from −15 GeV to +15 GeV. In total, 15 such samples are used, with decreasing granularity at large |∆m|.

Near ∆m = 0, the granularity is 0.3 GeV2_{. In these}

samples, the average top quark mass (mt+mt¯

2 ) is

set to 172.5 GeV. The underlying-event tune used is AUET2B [32], and the parton distribution function (PDF) set is MRST [33]. Despite being a leading order generator, Pythia is used because it allows generation of events where the masses of the top and anti-top quarks are not equal. Non-zero widths as predicted by the SM for the corresponding top and anti-top quark masses are included in the event generation.

Pseudo-experiments and additional checks for

systematic uncertainties are performed with a SM t¯t

sample with ∆m = 0 generated using mc@nlo [34, 2_{In total, 15 signal samples were generated with a ∆m of} ±15, ±10, ±5, ±3, ±1, ±0.6, ±0.3 and 0 GeV.

35] v4.01 interfaced to Herwig v6.520 [36] and Jimmy v4.31 [37]. Except for multi-jet processes, Monte Carlo simulations are used to study and estimate the backgrounds. The background from production of single W bosons in association with jets is studied using Alpgen v2.13 [38] interfaced

to Herwig and Jimmy. The MLM matching

scheme [39] is used to form inclusive W + jets sam-ples, taking appropriate care to remove overlapping events in heavy-flavor phase space stemming from

both the hard scatter and the showering.

Dibo-son events are generated using Herwig. Single-top events are generated using mc@nlo in the s− and W t−channels, and AcerMC v3.8 [40] in the t-channel. The distribution of the multi-jet back-ground is taken from a control region in data where leptons are required to be semi-isolated and have

large impact parameter (d0) and impact

parame-ter significance (d0divided by its uncertainty) with

respect to the collision vertex. The semi-isolated

selection requires the scalar pTsum for tracks in a

cone of 0.3 around the electron (muon) divided by

its ET(pT) to be between 0.1 and 0.3. The

nor-malization of this background is obtained from a

likelihood fit to the Emiss

T distribution in data [41].

5. Kinematic fits

In order to measure a quantity sensitive to the mass difference ∆m between the top and anti-top

quarks, the kinematic χ2 _{fitter described below is}

used to reconstruct the t¯t system from the observed

lepton, E_Tmiss and jets. The assignment of the

se-lected jets to the partons from the t¯t decay uses

knowledge of the over-constrained t¯t system with

the reconstructed top/anti-top quark mass

differ-ence (∆fit

m) as a free parameter in each event. In the

kinematic fitter, the pTof the lepton and jets is

al-lowed to fluctuate within uncertainties determined

from simulated t¯t events. The average top quark

mass is fixed, but the individual t and ¯t masses are

allowed to fluctuate while being constrained by the predicted top quark width. The masses of the two reconstructed W bosons are also allowed to vary within the W boson width. The fit is applied by examining all jet–parton assignments (from among the five leading jets) consistent with the b-jet

as-signment and minimizing the following χ2:

χ2 = X i=`,4jets  pi,fit<sub>T</sub> − pi,meas<sub>T</sub> 2 σ2 i + X j=x,y  pEfitU j − p Emeas U j 2 σ2 EU + X k=jj,`ν mfit_k − mW
2 σ2 W +  mmeas b`ν − (mt+ (mfit<sub>b`ν</sub>−mfit bjj) 2 ) 2 σ2 t +  mmeas_bjj − (mt− (mfit<sub>b`ν</sub>−mfit bjj) 2 ) 2 σ2 t , (1) ∆fit<sub>m</sub> = q`× (mfitb`ν− m fit bjj) (2)

where pi,fit_T and pi,meas_T are the fitted and measured

pTof the jets and the charged lepton, and σi is the

uncertainty on those values. The unclustered

en-ergy in the calorimeter (EU) is defined as a quantity

that includes all energy not associated with the

pri-mary lepton or the jets and is used to correct Emiss

T .

The width of the W boson (σW) is set to the PDG

value [42], and the top quark width (σt) is set to the

value predicted from theory. The top quark mass

(mt) is fixed to 172.5 GeV, and the W boson mass

(mW) is set to mW = 80.42 GeV. The value of mfitk

is the fitted dijet (lepton–neutrino) mass from the

hadronic (leptonic) W boson decay, and mfit

b`ν and

mfit_bjj are the fitted top quark masses with

lepton-ically and hadronlepton-ically decaying W bosons. The value of the mass difference between the hadronic-and leptonic-side top quarks is a free parameter in the fit. In each event, the single jet–parton

assign-ment with the lowest χ2_{is used, and the fitted value}

of ∆fit

mis taken as an observable to measure the true

∆m. As seen in Eq. (2), ∆fit

m is calculated from the

product of the lepton charge (q`) and the difference

between mfit

b`ν and mfitbjj. Events with χ2 > 10 for

the best jet–parton assignment are considered to be poorly measured or background, and are rejected. The value of this cut is chosen based on studies of simulated signal events, and the efficiency of the

χ2 selection is estimated in simulation to be 55%

for t¯t signal events and 31% for background events.

Channel Muon Electron Data 8854 4941 SM t¯t → W+bW−¯b 7700+1600₋₁₇₀₀ 4500+900₋₁₀₀₀ W/Z + jets 320 ±90 160 ±40 Single top 300 ±50 170 ±30 Diboson 5 ±1 3 ±1 Multi-jet 220 ±110 110 ±60 Total expected (SM) 8550+1600₋₁₇₀₀ 4900+900₋₁₀₀₀

Table 1: The observed number of events in data, the ex-pected numbers of events from signal and background pro-cesses and the total number of events, after all selection re-quirements. Uncertainties shown include statistical and total systematic uncertainties added in quadrature.

of events after all selection requirements, including

the χ2 _{cut, are applied.}

Distributions of ∆fit

m are produced for all

back-ground samples as well as for a number of simulated

t¯t samples generated with different ∆m.

The ∆fit

m distributions in the signal samples are

parameterized in templates by fitting the sum of two Gaussians, where the narrow one corresponds to the correct jet–parton pairing, and the wide one corresponds to an incorrect pairing. The widths of the two Gaussians are quadratic functions of ∆m

(symmetric about ∆m = 0). The means of the

two Gaussians are fit to linear functions of ∆m. The relative weight of the two Gaussians is fit to a quadratic function symmetric about ∆m = 0. Fig. (1) shows the parameterization for five different

values of ∆m. The ∆fit

m distributions for all

back-ground samples are combined with relative weights according to the SM prediction, into a single tem-plate distribution that is fit with a Gaussian, as shown in Fig. (2). The choice of background pa-rameterization has only a small impact on the fits due to the small background in the double b-tag channel. The signal and background templates are used to model the probability density distributions in ∆m.

6. Likelihood fit

An unbinned extended maximum likelihood fit to

the distribution of ∆fit

mis performed to extract ∆m,

as well as the expected number of signal (ns) and

background (nb) events in the data. Given the data

D, which contain N values of ∆fit_m, the probability

distribution function for signal (ps) and background

(pb) are used to write down a likelihood (L):

[GeV] fit m ∆ -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 3 10 × arbitrary units 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 _{-15 GeV} -5 GeV SM 0 GeV +5 GeV +15 GeV ATLAS = 7 TeV s

Fig. 1: Parameterization of ∆fit

m for simulated t¯t samples with different values of ∆m.

L(D|ns, nb, ∆m) = q(N, ns+ nb)× N Y i=1 nsps(∆fit,im |∆m) + nbpb(∆fit,im ) ns+ nb (3)

where q(N, ns+ nb) is the Poisson probability to

observe N events given ns + nb expected events

and the product over i is over the N reconstructed events. The likelihood is maximized over all three

parameters (ns, nb, ∆m). Ensembles of

pseudo-experiments are run to ensure that the fits are unbiased and return correct statistical uncertain-ties. The widths of pull distributions are consistent with unity. Due to the use of Pythia to generate templates and mc@nlo to run ensemble tests, a 175 MeV offset is applied to all pseudo-experiments (and to the nominal fit result) to return an unbi-ased measurement, with the statistical uncertainty of 50 MeV on this calibration taken as a system-atic uncertainty. The 175 MeV offset is the aver-age difference between the mc@nlo samples with the top and anti-top quark masses reweighted to the distributions in pythia for a given mass dif-ference. When running pseudo-experiments, events are drawn directly from the simulated samples and not from the parameterizations in order to check for any potential bias.

The extended maximum likelihood fit is applied to the full 2011 dataset, yielding the result shown in Fig. (3). The value of 175 MeV quoted above is subtracted from the result to correct for this bias, giving a measured top/anti-top quark mass

[GeV] fit m ∆ -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 3 10 × Events / 9 GeV 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 ATLAS = 7 TeV s -1 L dt = 4.7 fb

∫

Fig. 2: Parameterized background template.

[GeV] fit m ∆ -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 Events / 4 GeV 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Data Signal + Background Background only ATLAS = 7 TeV s -1 L dt = 4.7 fb

∫

Fig. 3: Reconstructed top/anti-top quark mass difference with the best maximum likelihood fit for signal and back-ground overlaid.

degree of freedom for Fig. (3) is 1.2.

7. Systematic uncertainties

Due to cancellations from measuring the mass difference and not the individual quark masses, most systematic effects yield small uncertainties on

the final measurement. Systematic uncertainties

are evaluated by performing pseudo-experiments with pseudo-data that reflect a variation due to the potential source of uncertainty considered, and comparing the extracted ∆m to the one obtained with default pseudo-data. A list of all systematic uncertainties and their effects on the measurement are summarized in Table 2. The total systematic uncertainty of 0.41 GeV on the measured ∆m is dominated by the uncertainty from the choice of b fragmentation model, which can induce different

Systematic Uncertainty ∆(∆m) [GeV]

b/¯b decay uncertainties 0.34

K+_/K− _calorimeter

response asymmetry 0.08

Residual b vs ¯b differences 0.08

b-tagging 0.08

Mis-tagging as a b-quark jet 0.05

Jet energy scale 0.04

b-jet energy scale 0.05

Jet energy resolution 0.03

Parton shower 0.08 MC generator 0.08 ISR/FSR 0.07 Calibration method 0.05 Non-t¯t normalization 0.04 Non-t¯t shape 0.04

Parton distribution function 0.02

Lepton energy scale asymmetry < 0.01

Electron reconstruction

& identification 0.02

Muon reconstruction

& identification 0.04

Top mass input 0.04

Total 0.41

Table 2: Systematic uncertainties.

detector response to jets from b- and ¯b-quarks in

simulation. The various systematic uncertainties

are discussed in more detail below.

Systematic uncertainties on ∆m due to differ-ences in the detector response to jets from b- and ¯

b-quarks are difficult to evaluate with in-situ

meth-ods in the t¯t environment due to correlations with

∆m. Based on the evaluation of the jet energy scale uncertainty from single-hadron response measure-ments [43], most differences between the calorime-ter response to the two types of jets are expected to be small; exceptions are discussed below. One such difference could come from the different responses to positively and negatively charged kaons, which

occur at different rates in jets from b- and ¯b- quarks.

The interaction cross sections for K+ _{and K}− _in

the calorimeters are different. Such effects are stud-ied by comparing convolutions of the kaon spectra

in b- and ¯b-jets from t¯t events with the expected

calorimeter response to kaons simulated with vari-ous hadron shower simulation models, as specified in Ref. [43]. The resulting uncertainty is 80 MeV. Uncertainties due to fragmentation and the decay of

b-hadrons can also lead to uncertainties in the par-ticle content and hadron momentum spectra, and thus in the calorimeter response. This uncertainty is evaluated by comparing powheg samples that use Evtgen [44] and Pythia to decay b-hadrons, and is estimated to be 340 MeV. The Evtgen par-ticle decay simulation implements different hadron decay models and up-to-date b-hadron decay ta-bles. An additional 80 MeV is assigned to account for any residual difference in response between jets

from b and ¯b quarks due to effects not considered

above. Parton shower and additional fragmentation uncertainties are estimated by comparing Powheg samples interfaced with Herwig to those interfaced with Pythia.

Other uncertainties are small compared to those

from differences between jets from b- and ¯b-quarks.

The uncertainty on ∆m from the uncertainty on the b-tagging efficiency is measured by varying the b-tag scale factors, which correct simulated effi-ciencies to those measured in data, within 1σ of

their uncertainties. The systematic effects from

uncertain light- and b-jet energy scales and reso-lutions are small, as they affect the top and anti-top quark masses in the same way [45, 46]. Gen-erator uncertainties are estimated by comparing pseudo-experiments using mc@nlo and Powheg. A systematic uncertainty on the amount of QCD radiation is derived from AcerMC t¯t samples that have varying amounts of initial- and final-state radiation [47]. Uncertainties from the tem-plate parameterization are estimated by varying the parameters within their uncertainties, and are

found to be small. The systematic

uncertain-ties due to background shape and rate are esti-mated by replacing the W +jets background used in pseudo-experiments with the shape from the multi-jet background and by varying the

normal-ization within uncertainties. A small systematic

uncertainty due to the parton distribution func-tions of the proton is evaluated by taking the enve-lope of the MSTW2008NLO [48], NNPDF2.3 [49] and CTEQ6.6 [50] PDF set uncertainties, follow-ing the PDF4LHC recommendations [51]. Asym-metries due to lepton energy scales are

negligi-ble. A systematic uncertainty on the top quark

mass of 40 MeV is estimated by comparing pseudo-experiments where the input average top quark mass is shifted up and down by 1.5 GeV. Other sys-tematic uncertainties considered are those caused by the uncertainty on the lepton identification and reconstruction.

8. Conclusions

The analysis described in this Letter is the first measurement by ATLAS of the mass difference be-tween the top and anti-top quarks using

event-by-event quantities in t¯t events. It is based on 4.7 fb−1

of 7 TeV proton–proton collisions at the LHC. The mass difference, ∆m, is calculated using a

kine-matic χ2 fitter. The measured mass difference is

∆m ≡ mt−m¯t= 0.67±0.61(stat) ±0.41(syst) GeV,

consistent with the SM expectation of no mass dif-ference.

9. Acknowledgements

We thank CERN for the very successful opera-tion of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently.

We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Ar-gentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Be-larus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colom-bia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foun-dation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Nether-lands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federa-tion; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS

and MIZˇS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa;

MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Founda-tion, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.

The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Ger-many), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands),

PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.

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The ATLAS Collaboration

G. Aad48_{, T. Abajyan}21_{, B. Abbott}112_{, J. Abdallah}12_{, S. Abdel Khalek}116_{, O. Abdinov}11_{, R. Aben}106_,

B. Abi113_{, M. Abolins}89_{, O.S. AbouZeid}159_{, H. Abramowicz}154_{, H. Abreu}137_{, Y. Abulaiti}147a,147b_,

B.S. Acharya165a,165b,a_{, L. Adamczyk}38a_{, D.L. Adams}25_{, T.N. Addy}56_{, J. Adelman}177_{, S. Adomeit}99_,

T. Adye130, S. Aefsky23, T. Agatonovic-Jovin13b, J.A. Aguilar-Saavedra125b,b, M. Agustoni17, S.P. Ahlen22,

A. Ahmad149, F. Ahmadov64,c, M. Ahsan41, G. Aielli134a,134b, T.P.A. ˚Akesson80, G. Akimoto156,

A.V. Akimov95, M.A. Alam76, J. Albert170, S. Albrand55, M.J. Alconada Verzini70, M. Aleksa30,

I.N. Aleksandrov64, F. Alessandria90a, C. Alexa26a, G. Alexander154, G. Alexandre49, T. Alexopoulos10,

M. Alhroob165a,165c_{, M. Aliev}16_{, G. Alimonti}90a_{, L. Alio}84_{, J. Alison}31_{, B.M.M. Allbrooke}18_{, L.J. Allison}71_,

P.P. Allport73_{, S.E. Allwood-Spiers}53_{, J. Almond}83_{, A. Aloisio}103a,103b_{, R. Alon}173_{, A. Alonso}36_,

F. Alonso70_{, A. Altheimer}35_{, B. Alvarez Gonzalez}89_{, M.G. Alviggi}103a,103b_{, K. Amako}65_,

Y. Amaral Coutinho24a_{, C. Amelung}23_{, V.V. Ammosov}129,∗_{, S.P. Amor Dos Santos}125a_{, A. Amorim}125a,d_,

S. Amoroso48_{, N. Amram}154_{, G. Amundsen}23_{, C. Anastopoulos}30_{, L.S. Ancu}17_{, N. Andari}30_{, T. Andeen}35_,

C.F. Anders58b_{, G. Anders}58a_{, K.J. Anderson}31_{, A. Andreazza}90a,90b_{, V. Andrei}58a_{, X.S. Anduaga}70_,

S. Angelidakis9_{, P. Anger}44_{, A. Angerami}35_{, F. Anghinolfi}30_{, A.V. Anisenkov}108_{, N. Anjos}125a_,

A. Annovi47_{, A. Antonaki}9_{, M. Antonelli}47_{, A. Antonov}97_{, J. Antos}145b_{, F. Anulli}133a_{, M. Aoki}102_,

L. Aperio Bella18_{, R. Apolle}119,e_{, G. Arabidze}89_{, I. Aracena}144_{, Y. Arai}65_{, A.T.H. Arce}45_{, S. Arfaoui}149_,

J-F. Arguin94_{, S. Argyropoulos}42_{, E. Arik}19a,∗_{, M. Arik}19a_{, A.J. Armbruster}88_{, O. Arnaez}82_{, V. Arnal}81_,

O. Arslan21_{, A. Artamonov}96_{, G. Artoni}23_{, S. Asai}156_{, N. Asbah}94_{, S. Ask}28_{, B. ˚Asman}147a,147b_,

L. Asquith6, K. Assamagan25, R. Astalos145a, A. Astbury170, M. Atkinson166, N.B. Atlay142,

B. Auerbach6, E. Auge116, K. Augsten127, M. Aurousseau146b, G. Avolio30, G. Azuelos94,f, Y. Azuma156,

M.A. Baak30, C. Bacci135a,135b, A.M. Bach15, H. Bachacou137, K. Bachas155, M. Backes30, M. Backhaus21,

J. Backus Mayes144, E. Badescu26a, P. Bagiacchi133a,133b, P. Bagnaia133a,133b, Y. Bai33a, D.C. Bailey159,

T. Bain35_{, J.T. Baines}130_{, O.K. Baker}177_{, S. Baker}77_{, P. Balek}128_{, F. Balli}137_{, E. Banas}39_{, Sw. Banerjee}174_,

D. Banfi30_{, A. Bangert}151_{, V. Bansal}170_{, H.S. Bansil}18_{, L. Barak}173_{, S.P. Baranov}95_{, T. Barber}48_,

E.L. Barberio87_{, D. Barberis}50a,50b_{, M. Barbero}84_{, T. Barillari}100_{, M. Barisonzi}176_{, T. Barklow}144_,

N. Barlow28_{, B.M. Barnett}130_{, R.M. Barnett}15_{, A. Baroncelli}135a_{, G. Barone}49_{, A.J. Barr}119_{, F. Barreiro}81_,

J. Barreiro Guimar˜aes da Costa57_{, R. Bartoldus}144_{, A.E. Barton}71_{, P. Bartos}145a_{, V. Bartsch}150_,

A. Bassalat116_{, A. Basye}166_{, R.L. Bates}53_{, L. Batkova}145a_{, J.R. Batley}28_{, M. Battistin}30_{, F. Bauer}137_,

H.S. Bawa144,g_{, T. Beau}79_{, P.H. Beauchemin}162_{, R. Beccherle}50a_{, P. Bechtle}21_{, H.P. Beck}17_{, K. Becker}176_,

S. Becker99_{, M. Beckingham}139_{, A.J. Beddall}19c_{, A. Beddall}19c_{, S. Bedikian}177_{, V.A. Bednyakov}64_,

C.P. Bee84_{, L.J. Beemster}106_{, T.A. Beermann}176_{, M. Begel}25_{, K. Behr}119_{, C. Belanger-Champagne}86_,

P.J. Bell49_{, W.H. Bell}49_{, G. Bella}154_{, L. Bellagamba}20a_{, A. Bellerive}29_{, M. Bellomo}30_{, A. Belloni}57_,

O.L. Beloborodova108,h_{, K. Belotskiy}97_{, O. Beltramello}30_{, O. Benary}154_{, D. Benchekroun}136a_,

K. Bendtz147a,147b, N. Benekos166, Y. Benhammou154, E. Benhar Noccioli49, J.A. Benitez Garcia160b,

D.P. Benjamin45, J.R. Bensinger23, K. Benslama131, S. Bentvelsen106, D. Berge30,

E. Bergeaas Kuutmann16, N. Berger5, F. Berghaus170, E. Berglund106, J. Beringer15, C. Bernard22,

P. Bernat77, R. Bernhard48, C. Bernius78, F.U. Bernlochner170, T. Berry76, P. Berta128, C. Bertella84,

F. Bertolucci123a,123b_{, M.I. Besana}90a_{, G.J. Besjes}105_{, O. Bessidskaia}147a,147b_{, N. Besson}137_{, S. Bethke}100_,

W. Bhimji46_{, R.M. Bianchi}124_{, L. Bianchini}23_{, M. Bianco}30_{, O. Biebel}99_{, S.P. Bieniek}77_{, K. Bierwagen}54_,

J. Biesiada15_{, M. Biglietti}135a_{, J. Bilbao De Mendizabal}49_{, H. Bilokon}47_{, M. Bindi}20a,20b_{, S. Binet}116_,

A. Bingul19c_{, C. Bini}133a,133b_{, B. Bittner}100_{, C.W. Black}151_{, J.E. Black}144_{, K.M. Black}22_{, D. Blackburn}139_,

R.E. Blair6_{, J.-B. Blanchard}137_{, T. Blazek}145a_{, I. Bloch}42_{, C. Blocker}23_{, J. Blocki}39_{, W. Blum}82,∗_,

U. Blumenschein54_{, G.J. Bobbink}106_{, V.S. Bobrovnikov}108_{, S.S. Bocchetta}80_{, A. Bocci}45_{, C.R. Boddy}119_,

M. Boehler48_{, J. Boek}176_{, T.T. Boek}176_{, N. Boelaert}36_{, J.A. Bogaerts}30_{, A.G. Bogdanchikov}108_,

A. Bogouch91,∗_{, C. Bohm}147a_{, J. Bohm}126_{, V. Boisvert}76_{, T. Bold}38a_{, V. Boldea}26a_{, A.S. Boldyrev}98_,

N.M. Bolnet137_{, M. Bomben}79_{, M. Bona}75_{, M. Boonekamp}137_{, S. Bordoni}79_{, C. Borer}17_{, A. Borisov}129_,

G. Borissov71_{, M. Borri}83_{, S. Borroni}42_{, J. Bortfeldt}99_{, V. Bortolotto}135a,135b_{, K. Bos}106_{, D. Boscherini}20a_,

M. Bosman12, H. Boterenbrood106, J. Bouchami94, J. Boudreau124, E.V. Bouhova-Thacker71,

D. Boumediene34, C. Bourdarios116, N. Bousson84, S. Boutouil136d, A. Boveia31, J. Boyd30, I.R. Boyko64,

U. Bratzler157_{, B. Brau}85_{, J.E. Brau}115_{, H.M. Braun}176,∗_{, S.F. Brazzale}165a,165c_{, B. Brelier}159_,

K. Brendlinger121_{, R. Brenner}167_{, S. Bressler}173_{, T.M. Bristow}46_{, D. Britton}53_{, F.M. Brochu}28_{, I. Brock}21_,

R. Brock89_{, F. Broggi}90a_{, C. Bromberg}89_{, J. Bronner}100_{, G. Brooijmans}35_{, T. Brooks}76_{, W.K. Brooks}32b_,

J. Brosamer15_{, E. Brost}115_{, G. Brown}83_{, J. Brown}55_{, P.A. Bruckman de Renstrom}39_{, D. Bruncko}145b_,

R. Bruneliere48_{, S. Brunet}60_{, A. Bruni}20a_{, G. Bruni}20a_{, M. Bruschi}20a_{, L. Bryngemark}80_{, T. Buanes}14_,

Q. Buat55, F. Bucci49, P. Buchholz142, R.M. Buckingham119, A.G. Buckley46, S.I. Buda26a,

I.A. Budagov64, B. Budick109, F. Buehrer48, L. Bugge118, M.K. Bugge118, O. Bulekov97, A.C. Bundock73,

M. Bunse43, H. Burckhart30, S. Burdin73, T. Burgess14, B. Burghgrave107, S. Burke130, I. Burmeister43,

E. Busato34, V. B¨uscher82, P. Bussey53, C.P. Buszello167, B. Butler57, J.M. Butler22, A.I. Butt3,

C.M. Buttar53_{, J.M. Butterworth}77_{, W. Buttinger}28_{, A. Buzatu}53_{, M. Byszewski}10_{, S. Cabrera Urb´an}168_,

D. Caforio20a,20b_{, O. Cakir}4a_{, P. Calafiura}15_{, G. Calderini}79_{, P. Calfayan}99_{, R. Calkins}107_{, L.P. Caloba}24a_,

R. Caloi133a,133b_{, D. Calvet}34_{, S. Calvet}34_{, R. Camacho Toro}49_{, P. Camarri}134a,134b_{, D. Cameron}118_,

L.M. Caminada15_{, R. Caminal Armadans}12_{, S. Campana}30_{, M. Campanelli}77_{, V. Canale}103a,103b_,

F. Canelli31_{, A. Canepa}160a_{, J. Cantero}81_{, R. Cantrill}76_{, T. Cao}40_{, M.D.M. Capeans Garrido}30_,

I. Caprini26a_{, M. Caprini}26a_{, M. Capua}37a,37b_{, R. Caputo}82_{, R. Cardarelli}134a_{, T. Carli}30_{, G. Carlino}103a_,

L. Carminati90a,90b_{, S. Caron}105_{, E. Carquin}32a_{, G.D. Carrillo-Montoya}146c_{, A.A. Carter}75_{, J.R. Carter}28_,

J. Carvalho125a,i_{, D. Casadei}77_{, M.P. Casado}12_{, C. Caso}50a,50b,∗_{, E. Castaneda-Miranda}146b_{, A. Castelli}106_,

V. Castillo Gimenez168_{, N.F. Castro}125a_{, P. Catastini}57_{, A. Catinaccio}30_{, J.R. Catmore}71_{, A. Cattai}30_,

G. Cattani134a,134b_{, S. Caughron}89_{, V. Cavaliere}166_{, D. Cavalli}90a_{, M. Cavalli-Sforza}12_,

V. Cavasinni123a,123b_{, F. Ceradini}135a,135b_{, B. Cerio}45_{, K. Cerny}128_{, A.S. Cerqueira}24b_{, A. Cerri}150_,

L. Cerrito75, F. Cerutti15, A. Cervelli17, S.A. Cetin19b, A. Chafaq136a, D. Chakraborty107,

I. Chalupkova128, K. Chan3, P. Chang166, B. Chapleau86, J.D. Chapman28, D. Charfeddine116,

D.G. Charlton18, V. Chavda83, C.A. Chavez Barajas30, S. Cheatham86, S. Chekanov6, S.V. Chekulaev160a,

G.A. Chelkov64, M.A. Chelstowska88, C. Chen63, H. Chen25, K. Chen149, L. Chen33d, S. Chen33c,

X. Chen174_{, Y. Chen}35_{, Y. Cheng}31_{, A. Cheplakov}64_{, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli}136e_{, V. Chernyatin}25,∗_,

E. Cheu7_{, L. Chevalier}137_{, V. Chiarella}47_{, G. Chiefari}103a,103b_{, J.T. Childers}30_{, A. Chilingarov}71_,

G. Chiodini72a_{, A.S. Chisholm}18_{, R.T. Chislett}77_{, A. Chitan}26a_{, M.V. Chizhov}64_{, S. Chouridou}9_,

B.K.B. Chow99_{, I.A. Christidi}77_{, D. Chromek-Burckhart}30_{, M.L. Chu}152_{, J. Chudoba}126_,

G. Ciapetti133a,133b_{, A.K. Ciftci}4a_{, R. Ciftci}4a_{, D. Cinca}62_{, V. Cindro}74_{, A. Ciocio}15_{, M. Cirilli}88_,

P. Cirkovic13b_{, Z.H. Citron}173_{, M. Citterio}90a_{, M. Ciubancan}26a_{, A. Clark}49_{, P.J. Clark}46_{, R.N. Clarke}15_,

J.C. Clemens84_{, B. Clement}55_{, C. Clement}147a,147b_{, Y. Coadou}84_{, M. Cobal}165a,165c_{, A. Coccaro}139_,

J. Cochran63_{, S. Coelli}90a_{, L. Coffey}23_{, J.G. Cogan}144_{, J. Coggeshall}166_{, J. Colas}5_{, B. Cole}35_{, S. Cole}107_,

A.P. Colijn106_{, C. Collins-Tooth}53_{, J. Collot}55_{, T. Colombo}58c_{, G. Colon}85_{, G. Compostella}100_,

P. Conde Mui˜no125a_{, E. Coniavitis}167_{, M.C. Conidi}12_{, I.A. Connelly}76_{, S.M. Consonni}90a,90b_,

V. Consorti48_{, S. Constantinescu}26a_{, C. Conta}120a,120b_{, G. Conti}57_{, F. Conventi}103a,j_{, M. Cooke}15_,

B.D. Cooper77, A.M. Cooper-Sarkar119, N.J. Cooper-Smith76, K. Copic15, T. Cornelissen176,

M. Corradi20a, F. Corriveau86,k, A. Corso-Radu164, A. Cortes-Gonzalez12, G. Cortiana100, G. Costa90a,

M.J. Costa168, R. Costa Batalha Pedro125a, D. Costanzo140, D. Cˆot´e8, G. Cottin32a, L. Courneyea170,

G. Cowan76, B.E. Cox83, K. Cranmer109, G. Cree29, S. Cr´ep´e-Renaudin55, F. Crescioli79,

M. Crispin Ortuzar119_{, M. Cristinziani}21_{, G. Crosetti}37a,37b_{, C.-M. Cuciuc}26a_{, C. Cuenca Almenar}177_,

T. Cuhadar Donszelmann140_{, J. Cummings}177_{, M. Curatolo}47_{, C. Cuthbert}151_{, H. Czirr}142_,

P. Czodrowski44_{, Z. Czyczula}177_{, S. D’Auria}53_{, M. D’Onofrio}73_{, A. D’Orazio}133a,133b_,

M.J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa125a_{, C. Da Via}83_{, W. Dabrowski}38a_{, A. Dafinca}119_{, T. Dai}88_,

F. Dallaire94_{, C. Dallapiccola}85_{, M. Dam}36_{, A.C. Daniells}18_{, M. Dano Hoffmann}36_{, V. Dao}105_,

G. Darbo50a_{, G.L. Darlea}26c_{, S. Darmora}8_{, J.A. Dassoulas}42_{, W. Davey}21_{, C. David}170_{, T. Davidek}128_,

E. Davies119,e_{, M. Davies}94_{, O. Davignon}79_{, A.R. Davison}77_{, Y. Davygora}58a_{, E. Dawe}143_{, I. Dawson}140_,

R.K. Daya-Ishmukhametova23_{, K. De}8_{, R. de Asmundis}103a_{, S. De Castro}20a,20b_{, S. De Cecco}79_,

J. de Graat99_{, N. De Groot}105_{, P. de Jong}106_{, C. De La Taille}116_{, H. De la Torre}81_{, F. De Lorenzi}63_,

L. De Nooij106_{, D. De Pedis}133a_{, A. De Salvo}133a_{, U. De Sanctis}165a,165c_{, A. De Santo}150_,

J.B. De Vivie De Regie116, G. De Zorzi133a,133b, W.J. Dearnaley71, R. Debbe25, C. Debenedetti46,

B. Dechenaux55, D.V. Dedovich64, J. Degenhardt121, J. Del Peso81, T. Del Prete123a,123b,

D. della Volpe103a,103b_{, M. Delmastro}5_{, P.A. Delsart}55_{, C. Deluca}106_{, S. Demers}177_{, M. Demichev}64_,

A. Demilly79_{, B. Demirkoz}12,l_{, S.P. Denisov}129_{, D. Derendarz}39_{, J.E. Derkaoui}136d_{, F. Derue}79_,

P. Dervan73_{, K. Desch}21_{, P.O. Deviveiros}106_{, A. Dewhurst}130_{, B. DeWilde}149_{, S. Dhaliwal}106_,

R. Dhullipudi78,m_{, A. Di Ciaccio}134a,134b_{, L. Di Ciaccio}5_{, C. Di Donato}103a,103b_{, A. Di Girolamo}30_,

B. Di Girolamo30_{, A. Di Mattia}153_{, B. Di Micco}135a,135b_{, R. Di Nardo}47_{, A. Di Simone}48_,

R. Di Sipio20a,20b, D. Di Valentino29, M.A. Diaz32a, E.B. Diehl88, J. Dietrich42, T.A. Dietzsch58a,

S. Diglio87, K. Dindar Yagci40, J. Dingfelder21, C. Dionisi133a,133b, P. Dita26a, S. Dita26a, F. Dittus30,

F. Djama84, T. Djobava51b, M.A.B. do Vale24c, A. Do Valle Wemans125a,n, T.K.O. Doan5, D. Dobos30,

E. Dobson77, J. Dodd35, C. Doglioni49, T. Doherty53, T. Dohmae156, J. Dolejsi128, Z. Dolezal128,

B.A. Dolgoshein97,∗_{, M. Donadelli}24d_{, S. Donati}123a,123b_{, P. Dondero}120a,120b_{, J. Donini}34_{, J. Dopke}30_,

A. Doria103a_{, A. Dos Anjos}174_{, A. Dotti}123a,123b_{, M.T. Dova}70_{, A.T. Doyle}53_{, M. Dris}10_{, J. Dubbert}88_,

S. Dube15_{, E. Dubreuil}34_{, E. Duchovni}173_{, G. Duckeck}99_{, O.A. Ducu}26a_{, D. Duda}176_{, A. Dudarev}30_,

F. Dudziak63_{, L. Duflot}116_{, L. Duguid}76_{, M. D¨uhrssen}30_{, M. Dunford}58a_{, H. Duran Yildiz}4a_{, M. D¨uren}52_,

M. Dwuznik38a_{, J. Ebke}99_{, W. Edson}2_{, C.A. Edwards}76_{, N.C. Edwards}46_{, W. Ehrenfeld}21_{, T. Eifert}144_,

G. Eigen14_{, K. Einsweiler}15_{, E. Eisenhandler}75_{, T. Ekelof}167_{, M. El Kacimi}136c_{, M. Ellert}167_{, S. Elles}5_,

F. Ellinghaus82_{, K. Ellis}75_{, N. Ellis}30_{, J. Elmsheuser}99_{, M. Elsing}30_{, D. Emeliyanov}130_{, Y. Enari}156_,

O.C. Endner82_{, M. Endo}117_{, R. Engelmann}149_{, J. Erdmann}177_{, A. Ereditato}17_{, D. Eriksson}147a_,

G. Ernis176_{, J. Ernst}2_{, M. Ernst}25_{, J. Ernwein}137_{, D. Errede}166_{, S. Errede}166_{, E. Ertel}82_{, M. Escalier}116_,

H. Esch43_{, C. Escobar}124_{, X. Espinal Curull}12_{, B. Esposito}47_{, F. Etienne}84_{, A.I. Etienvre}137_{, E. Etzion}154_,

D. Evangelakou54_{, H. Evans}60_{, L. Fabbri}20a,20b_{, G. Facini}30_{, R.M. Fakhrutdinov}129_{, S. Falciano}133a_,

Y. Fang33a, M. Fanti90a,90b, A. Farbin8, A. Farilla135a, T. Farooque159, S. Farrell164, S.M. Farrington171,

P. Farthouat30, F. Fassi168, P. Fassnacht30, D. Fassouliotis9, B. Fatholahzadeh159, A. Favareto50a,50b,

L. Fayard116, P. Federic145a, O.L. Fedin122, W. Fedorko169, M. Fehling-Kaschek48, L. Feligioni84,

C. Feng33d, E.J. Feng6, H. Feng88, A.B. Fenyuk129, W. Fernando6, S. Ferrag53, J. Ferrando53,

V. Ferrara42_{, A. Ferrari}167_{, P. Ferrari}106_{, R. Ferrari}120a_{, D.E. Ferreira de Lima}53_{, A. Ferrer}168_,

D. Ferrere49_{, C. Ferretti}88_{, A. Ferretto Parodi}50a,50b_{, M. Fiascaris}31_{, F. Fiedler}82_{, A. Filipˇciˇc}74_,

M. Filipuzzi42_{, F. Filthaut}105_{, M. Fincke-Keeler}170_{, K.D. Finelli}45_{, M.C.N. Fiolhais}125a,i_{, L. Fiorini}168_,

A. Firan40_{, J. Fischer}176_{, M.J. Fisher}110_{, E.A. Fitzgerald}23_{, M. Flechl}48_{, I. Fleck}142_{, P. Fleischmann}175_,

S. Fleischmann176_{, G.T. Fletcher}140_{, G. Fletcher}75_{, T. Flick}176_{, A. Floderus}80_{, L.R. Flores Castillo}174_,

A.C. Florez Bustos160b_{, M.J. Flowerdew}100_{, T. Fonseca Martin}17_{, A. Formica}137_{, A. Forti}83_{, D. Fortin}160a_,

D. Fournier116_{, H. Fox}71_{, P. Francavilla}12_{, M. Franchini}20a,20b_{, S. Franchino}30_{, D. Francis}30_{, M. Franklin}57_,

S. Franz61_{, M. Fraternali}120a,120b_{, S. Fratina}121_{, S.T. French}28_{, C. Friedrich}42_{, F. Friedrich}44_,

D. Froidevaux30_{, J.A. Frost}28_{, C. Fukunaga}157_{, E. Fullana Torregrosa}128_{, B.G. Fulsom}144_{, J. Fuster}168_,

C. Gabaldon55_{, O. Gabizon}173_{, A. Gabrielli}20a,20b_{, A. Gabrielli}133a,133b_{, S. Gadatsch}106_{, T. Gadfort}25_,

S. Gadomski49_{, G. Gagliardi}50a,50b_{, P. Gagnon}60_{, C. Galea}99_{, B. Galhardo}125a_{, E.J. Gallas}119_{, V. Gallo}17_,

B.J. Gallop130, P. Gallus127, G. Galster36, K.K. Gan110, R.P. Gandrajula62, J. Gao33b,o, Y.S. Gao144,g,

F.M. Garay Walls46, F. Garberson177, C. Garc´ıa168, J.E. Garc´ıa Navarro168, M. Garcia-Sciveres15,

R.W. Gardner31, N. Garelli144, V. Garonne30, C. Gatti47, G. Gaudio120a, B. Gaur142, L. Gauthier94,

P. Gauzzi133a,133b, I.L. Gavrilenko95, C. Gay169, G. Gaycken21, E.N. Gazis10, P. Ge33d,p, Z. Gecse169,

C.N.P. Gee130_{, D.A.A. Geerts}106_{, Ch. Geich-Gimbel}21_{, K. Gellerstedt}147a,147b_{, C. Gemme}50a_,

A. Gemmell53_{, M.H. Genest}55_{, S. Gentile}133a,133b_{, M. George}54_{, S. George}76_{, D. Gerbaudo}164_,

A. Gershon154_{, H. Ghazlane}136b_{, N. Ghodbane}34_{, B. Giacobbe}20a_{, S. Giagu}133a,133b_{, V. Giangiobbe}12_,

P. Giannetti123a,123b_{, F. Gianotti}30_{, B. Gibbard}25_{, S.M. Gibson}76_{, M. Gilchriese}15_{, T.P.S. Gillam}28_,

D. Gillberg30_{, A.R. Gillman}130_{, D.M. Gingrich}3,f_{, N. Giokaris}9_{, M.P. Giordani}165a,165c_,

R. Giordano103a,103b_{, F.M. Giorgi}16_{, P. Giovannini}100_{, P.F. Giraud}137_{, D. Giugni}90a_{, C. Giuliani}48_,

M. Giunta94_{, B.K. Gjelsten}118_{, I. Gkialas}155,q_{, L.K. Gladilin}98_{, C. Glasman}81_{, J. Glatzer}21_{, A. Glazov}42_,

G.L. Glonti64_{, M. Goblirsch-Kolb}100_{, J.R. Goddard}75_{, J. Godfrey}143_{, J. Godlewski}30_{, C. Goeringer}82_,

S. Goldfarb88_{, T. Golling}177_{, D. Golubkov}129_{, A. Gomes}125a,d_{, L.S. Gomez Fajardo}42_{, R. Gon¸calo}76_,

J. Goncalves Pinto Firmino Da Costa42_{, L. Gonella}21_{, S. Gonz´alez de la Hoz}168_{, G. Gonzalez Parra}12_,

M.L. Gonzalez Silva27, S. Gonzalez-Sevilla49, J.J. Goodson149, L. Goossens30, P.A. Gorbounov96,

H.A. Gordon25, I. Gorelov104, G. Gorfine176, B. Gorini30, E. Gorini72a,72b, A. Goriˇsek74, E. Gornicki39,

A.G. Goussiou139_{, C. Goy}5_{, S. Gozpinar}23_{, H.M.X. Grabas}137_{, L. Graber}54_{, I. Grabowska-Bold}38a_,

P. Grafstr¨om20a,20b_{, K-J. Grahn}42_{, J. Gramling}49_{, E. Gramstad}118_{, F. Grancagnolo}72a_{, S. Grancagnolo}16_,

V. Grassi149_{, V. Gratchev}122_{, H.M. Gray}30_{, J.A. Gray}149_{, E. Graziani}135a_{, O.G. Grebenyuk}122_,

Z.D. Greenwood78,m_{, K. Gregersen}36_{, I.M. Gregor}42_{, P. Grenier}144_{, J. Griffiths}8_{, N. Grigalashvili}64_,

A.A. Grillo138_{, K. Grimm}71_{, S. Grinstein}12,r_{, Ph. Gris}34_{, Y.V. Grishkevich}98_{, J.-F. Grivaz}116_,

J.P. Grohs44, A. Grohsjean42, E. Gross173, J. Grosse-Knetter54, G.C. Grossi134a,134b, J. Groth-Jensen173,

Z.J. Grout150, K. Grybel142, F. Guescini49, D. Guest177, O. Gueta154, C. Guicheney34, E. Guido50a,50b,

T. Guillemin116, S. Guindon2, U. Gul53, C. Gumpert44, J. Gunther127, J. Guo35, S. Gupta119,

P. Gutierrez112, N.G. Gutierrez Ortiz53, C. Gutschow77, N. Guttman154, C. Guyot137, C. Gwenlan119,

C.B. Gwilliam73_{, A. Haas}109_{, C. Haber}15_{, H.K. Hadavand}8_{, P. Haefner}21_{, S. Hageboeck}21_{, Z. Hajduk}39_,

H. Hakobyan178_{, D. Hall}119_{, G. Halladjian}89_{, K. Hamacher}176_{, P. Hamal}114_{, K. Hamano}87_{, M. Hamer}54_,

A. Hamilton146a,s_{, S. Hamilton}162_{, L. Han}33b_{, K. Hanagaki}117_{, K. Hanawa}156_{, M. Hance}15_{, P. Hanke}58a_,

J.R. Hansen36_{, J.B. Hansen}36_{, J.D. Hansen}36_{, P.H. Hansen}36_{, P. Hansson}144_{, K. Hara}161_{, A.S. Hard}174_,

T. Harenberg176_{, S. Harkusha}91_{, D. Harper}88_{, R.D. Harrington}46_{, O.M. Harris}139_{, P.F. Harrison}171_,

F. Hartjes106_{, A. Harvey}56_{, S. Hasegawa}102_{, Y. Hasegawa}141_{, S. Hassani}137_{, S. Haug}17_{, M. Hauschild}30_,

R. Hauser89_{, M. Havranek}21_{, C.M. Hawkes}18_{, R.J. Hawkings}30_{, A.D. Hawkins}80_{, T. Hayashi}161_,

D. Hayden89_{, C.P. Hays}119_{, H.S. Hayward}73_{, S.J. Haywood}130_{, S.J. Head}18_{, T. Heck}82_{, V. Hedberg}80_,

L. Heelan8_{, S. Heim}121_{, B. Heinemann}15_{, S. Heisterkamp}36_{, J. Hejbal}126_{, L. Helary}22_{, C. Heller}99_,

M. Heller30_{, S. Hellman}147a,147b_{, D. Hellmich}21_{, C. Helsens}30_{, J. Henderson}119_{, R.C.W. Henderson}71_,

A. Henrichs177_{, A.M. Henriques Correia}30_{, S. Henrot-Versille}116_{, C. Hensel}54_{, G.H. Herbert}16_,

C.M. Hernandez8, Y. Hern´andez Jim´enez168, R. Herrberg-Schubert16, G. Herten48, R. Hertenberger99,

L. Hervas30, G.G. Hesketh77, N.P. Hessey106, R. Hickling75, E. Hig´on-Rodriguez168, J.C. Hill28,

K.H. Hiller42, S. Hillert21, S.J. Hillier18, I. Hinchliffe15, E. Hines121, M. Hirose117, D. Hirschbuehl176,

J. Hobbs149, N. Hod106, M.C. Hodgkinson140, P. Hodgson140, A. Hoecker30, M.R. Hoeferkamp104,

J. Hoffman40_{, D. Hoffmann}84_{, J.I. Hofmann}58a_{, M. Hohlfeld}82_{, T.R. Holmes}15_{, T.M. Hong}121_,

L. Hooft van Huysduynen109_{, J-Y. Hostachy}55_{, S. Hou}152_{, A. Hoummada}136a_{, J. Howard}119_{, J. Howarth}83_,

M. Hrabovsky114_{, I. Hristova}16_{, J. Hrivnac}116_{, T. Hryn’ova}5_{, P.J. Hsu}82_{, S.-C. Hsu}139_{, D. Hu}35_{, X. Hu}25_,

Y. Huang146c_{, Z. Hubacek}30_{, F. Hubaut}84_{, F. Huegging}21_{, A. Huettmann}42_{, T.B. Huffman}119_,

E.W. Hughes35_{, G. Hughes}71_{, M. Huhtinen}30_{, T.A. H¨ulsing}82_{, M. Hurwitz}15_{, N. Huseynov}64,c_,

J. Huston89_{, J. Huth}57_{, G. Iacobucci}49_{, G. Iakovidis}10_{, I. Ibragimov}142_{, L. Iconomidou-Fayard}116_,

J. Idarraga116_{, E. Ideal}177_{, P. Iengo}103a_{, O. Igonkina}106_{, T. Iizawa}172_{, Y. Ikegami}65_{, K. Ikematsu}142_,

M. Ikeno65_{, D. Iliadis}155_{, N. Ilic}159_{, Y. Inamaru}66_{, T. Ince}100_{, P. Ioannou}9_{, M. Iodice}135a_{, K. Iordanidou}9_,

V. Ippolito133a,133b_{, A. Irles Quiles}168_{, C. Isaksson}167_{, M. Ishino}67_{, M. Ishitsuka}158_{, R. Ishmukhametov}110_,

C. Issever119_{, S. Istin}19a_{, A.V. Ivashin}129_{, W. Iwanski}39_{, H. Iwasaki}65_{, J.M. Izen}41_{, V. Izzo}103a_,

B. Jackson121_{, J.N. Jackson}73_{, M. Jackson}73_{, P. Jackson}1_{, M.R. Jaekel}30_{, V. Jain}2_{, K. Jakobs}48_,

S. Jakobsen36, T. Jakoubek126, J. Jakubek127, D.O. Jamin152, D.K. Jana112, E. Jansen77, H. Jansen30,

J. Janssen21, M. Janus171, R.C. Jared174, G. Jarlskog80, L. Jeanty57, G.-Y. Jeng151, I. Jen-La Plante31,

D. Jennens87, P. Jenni48,t, J. Jentzsch43, C. Jeske171, S. J´ez´equel5, M.K. Jha20a, H. Ji174, W. Ji82,

J. Jia149, Y. Jiang33b, M. Jimenez Belenguer42, S. Jin33a, A. Jinaru26a, O. Jinnouchi158,

M.D. Joergensen36_{, D. Joffe}40_{, K.E. Johansson}147a_{, P. Johansson}140_{, K.A. Johns}7_{, K. Jon-And}147a,147b_,

G. Jones171_{, R.W.L. Jones}71_{, T.J. Jones}73_{, P.M. Jorge}125a_{, K.D. Joshi}83_{, J. Jovicevic}148_{, X. Ju}174_,

C.A. Jung43_{, R.M. Jungst}30_{, P. Jussel}61_{, A. Juste Rozas}12,r_{, M. Kaci}168_{, A. Kaczmarska}39_{, P. Kadlecik}36_,

M. Kado116_{, H. Kagan}110_{, M. Kagan}144_{, E. Kajomovitz}45_{, S. Kalinin}176_{, S. Kama}40_{, N. Kanaya}156_,

M. Kaneda30_{, S. Kaneti}28_{, T. Kanno}158_{, V.A. Kantserov}97_{, J. Kanzaki}65_{, B. Kaplan}109_{, A. Kapliy}31_,

D. Kar53_{, K. Karakostas}10_{, N. Karastathis}10_{, M. Karnevskiy}82_{, S.N. Karpov}64_{, K. Karthik}109_,

V. Kartvelishvili71_{, A.N. Karyukhin}129_{, L. Kashif}174_{, G. Kasieczka}58b_{, R.D. Kass}110_{, A. Kastanas}14_,

Y. Kataoka156_{, A. Katre}49_{, J. Katzy}42_{, V. Kaushik}7_{, K. Kawagoe}69_{, T. Kawamoto}156_{, G. Kawamura}54_,

S. Kazama156_{, V.F. Kazanin}108_{, M.Y. Kazarinov}64_{, R. Keeler}170_{, P.T. Keener}121_{, R. Kehoe}40_{, M. Keil}54_,

J.S. Keller139_{, H. Keoshkerian}5_{, O. Kepka}126_{, B.P. Kerˇsevan}74_{, S. Kersten}176_{, K. Kessoku}156_{, J. Keung}159_,

F. Khalil-zada11, H. Khandanyan147a,147b, A. Khanov113, D. Kharchenko64, A. Khodinov97,

A. Khomich58a, T.J. Khoo28, G. Khoriauli21, A. Khoroshilov176, V. Khovanskiy96, E. Khramov64,

R.S.B. King119_{, S.B. King}169_{, J. Kirk}130_{, A.E. Kiryunin}100_{, T. Kishimoto}66_{, D. Kisielewska}38a_,

T. Kitamura66_{, T. Kittelmann}124_{, K. Kiuchi}161_{, E. Kladiva}145b_{, M. Klein}73_{, U. Klein}73_{, K. Kleinknecht}82_,

P. Klimek147a,147b_{, A. Klimentov}25_{, R. Klingenberg}43_{, J.A. Klinger}83_{, E.B. Klinkby}36_{, T. Klioutchnikova}30_,

P.F. Klok105_{, E.-E. Kluge}58a_{, P. Kluit}106_{, S. Kluth}100_{, E. Kneringer}61_{, E.B.F.G. Knoops}84_{, A. Knue}54_,

T. Kobayashi156_{, M. Kobel}44_{, M. Kocian}144_{, P. Kodys}128_{, S. Koenig}82_{, P. Koevesarki}21_{, T. Koffas}29_,

E. Koffeman106, L.A. Kogan119, S. Kohlmann176, Z. Kohout127, T. Kohriki65, T. Koi144, H. Kolanoski16,

I. Koletsou5, J. Koll89, A.A. Komar95,∗, Y. Komori156, T. Kondo65, K. K¨oneke48, A.C. K¨onig105,

T. Kono65,u, R. Konoplich109,v, N. Konstantinidis77, R. Kopeliansky153, S. Koperny38a, L. K¨opke82,

A.K. Kopp48, K. Korcyl39, K. Kordas155, A. Korn46, A.A. Korol108, I. Korolkov12, E.V. Korolkova140,

V.A. Korotkov129_{, O. Kortner}100_{, S. Kortner}100_{, V.V. Kostyukhin}21_{, S. Kotov}100_{, V.M. Kotov}64_,

A. Kotwal45_{, C. Kourkoumelis}9_{, V. Kouskoura}155_{, A. Koutsman}160a_{, R. Kowalewski}170_{, T.Z. Kowalski}38a_,

W. Kozanecki137_{, A.S. Kozhin}129_{, V. Kral}127_{, V.A. Kramarenko}98_{, G. Kramberger}74_{, M.W. Krasny}79_,

A. Krasznahorkay109_{, J.K. Kraus}21_{, A. Kravchenko}25_{, S. Kreiss}109_{, J. Kretzschmar}73_{, K. Kreutzfeldt}52_,

N. Krieger54_{, P. Krieger}159_{, K. Kroeninger}54_{, H. Kroha}100_{, J. Kroll}121_{, J. Kroseberg}21_{, J. Krstic}13a_,

U. Kruchonak64_{, H. Kr¨uger}21_{, T. Kruker}17_{, N. Krumnack}63_{, Z.V. Krumshteyn}64_{, A. Kruse}174_,

M.C. Kruse45_{, M. Kruskal}22_{, T. Kubota}87_{, S. Kuday}4a_{, S. Kuehn}48_{, A. Kugel}58c_{, T. Kuhl}42_{, V. Kukhtin}64_,

Y. Kulchitsky91_{, S. Kuleshov}32b_{, M. Kuna}133a,133b_{, J. Kunkle}121_{, A. Kupco}126_{, H. Kurashige}66_,

M. Kurata161_{, Y.A. Kurochkin}91_{, R. Kurumida}66_{, V. Kus}126_{, E.S. Kuwertz}148_{, M. Kuze}158_{, J. Kvita}143_,

R. Kwee16_{, A. La Rosa}49_{, L. La Rotonda}37a,37b_{, L. Labarga}81_{, S. Lablak}136a_{, C. Lacasta}168_,

F. Lacava133a,133b_{, J. Lacey}29_{, H. Lacker}16_{, D. Lacour}79_{, V.R. Lacuesta}168_{, E. Ladygin}64_{, R. Lafaye}5_,

B. Laforge79, T. Lagouri177, S. Lai48, H. Laier58a, E. Laisne55, L. Lambourne77, C.L. Lampen7,

W. Lampl7, E. Lan¸con137, U. Landgraf48, M.P.J. Landon75, V.S. Lang58a, C. Lange42, A.J. Lankford164,

F. Lanni25, K. Lantzsch30, A. Lanza120a, S. Laplace79, C. Lapoire21, J.F. Laporte137, T. Lari90a,

A. Larner119, M. Lassnig30, P. Laurelli47, V. Lavorini37a,37b, W. Lavrijsen15, P. Laycock73, B.T. Le55,

O. Le Dortz79_{, E. Le Guirriec}84_{, E. Le Menedeu}12_{, T. LeCompte}6_{, F. Ledroit-Guillon}55_{, C.A. Lee}152_,

H. Lee106_{, J.S.H. Lee}117_{, S.C. Lee}152_{, L. Lee}177_{, G. Lefebvre}79_{, M. Lefebvre}170_{, F. Legger}99_{, C. Leggett}15_,

A. Lehan73_{, M. Lehmacher}21_{, G. Lehmann Miotto}30_{, X. Lei}7_{, A.G. Leister}177_{, M.A.L. Leite}24d_,

R. Leitner128_{, D. Lellouch}173_{, B. Lemmer}54_{, V. Lendermann}58a_{, K.J.C. Leney}146c_{, T. Lenz}106_,

G. Lenzen176_{, B. Lenzi}30_{, R. Leone}7_{, K. Leonhardt}44_{, S. Leontsinis}10_{, C. Leroy}94_{, J-R. Lessard}170_,

C.G. Lester28_{, C.M. Lester}121_{, J. Levˆeque}5_{, D. Levin}88_{, L.J. Levinson}173_{, A. Lewis}119_{, G.H. Lewis}109_,

A.M. Leyko21_{, M. Leyton}16_{, B. Li}33b,w_{, B. Li}84_{, H. Li}149_{, H.L. Li}31_{, S. Li}45_{, X. Li}88_{, Z. Liang}119,x_,

H. Liao34_{, B. Liberti}134a_{, P. Lichard}30_{, K. Lie}166_{, J. Liebal}21_{, W. Liebig}14_{, C. Limbach}21_{, A. Limosani}87_,

M. Limper62_{, S.C. Lin}152,y_{, F. Linde}106_{, B.E. Lindquist}149_{, J.T. Linnemann}89_{, E. Lipeles}121_,

A. Lipniacka14_{, M. Lisovyi}42_{, T.M. Liss}166_{, D. Lissauer}25_{, A. Lister}169_{, A.M. Litke}138_{, B. Liu}152_{, D. Liu}152_,

J.B. Liu33b_{, K. Liu}33b,z_{, L. Liu}88_{, M. Liu}45_{, M. Liu}33b_{, Y. Liu}33b_{, M. Livan}120a,120b_{, S.S.A. Livermore}119_,

A. Lleres55, J. Llorente Merino81, S.L. Lloyd75, F. Lo Sterzo152, E. Lobodzinska42, P. Loch7,

W.S. Lockman138, T. Loddenkoetter21, F.K. Loebinger83, A.E. Loevschall-Jensen36, A. Loginov177,

C.W. Loh169, T. Lohse16, K. Lohwasser48, M. Lokajicek126, V.P. Lombardo5, J.D. Long88, R.E. Long71,

L. Lopes125a, D. Lopez Mateos57, B. Lopez Paredes140, J. Lorenz99, N. Lorenzo Martinez116, M. Losada163,

P. Loscutoff15_{, M.J. Losty}160a,∗_{, X. Lou}41_{, A. Lounis}116_{, J. Love}6_{, P.A. Love}71_{, A.J. Lowe}144,g_{, F. Lu}33a_,

H.J. Lubatti139_{, C. Luci}133a,133b_{, A. Lucotte}55_{, D. Ludwig}42_{, I. Ludwig}48_{, F. Luehring}60_{, W. Lukas}61_,

L. Luminari133a_{, E. Lund}118_{, J. Lundberg}147a,147b_{, O. Lundberg}147a,147b_{, B. Lund-Jensen}148_,

M. Lungwitz82_{, D. Lynn}25_{, R. Lysak}126_{, E. Lytken}80_{, H. Ma}25_{, L.L. Ma}33d_{, G. Maccarrone}47_,

A. Macchiolo100_{, B. Maˇcek}74_{, J. Machado Miguens}125a_{, D. Macina}30_{, R. Mackeprang}36_{, R. Madar}48_,

R.J. Madaras15_{, H.J. Maddocks}71_{, W.F. Mader}44_{, A. Madsen}167_{, M. Maeno}8_{, T. Maeno}25_{, L. Magnoni}164_,

E. Magradze54_{, K. Mahboubi}48_{, J. Mahlstedt}106_{, S. Mahmoud}73_{, G. Mahout}18_{, C. Maiani}137_,

C. Maidantchik24a_{, A. Maio}125a,d_{, S. Majewski}115_{, Y. Makida}65_{, N. Makovec}116_{, P. Mal}137,aa_,

B. Malaescu79_{, Pa. Malecki}39_{, V.P. Maleev}122_{, F. Malek}55_{, U. Mallik}62_{, D. Malon}6_{, C. Malone}144_,

S. Maltezos10_{, V.M. Malyshev}108_{, S. Malyukov}30_{, J. Mamuzic}13b_{, L. Mandelli}90a_{, I. Mandi´c}74_,

R. Mandrysch62, J. Maneira125a, A. Manfredini100, L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho24b,

J.A. Manjarres Ramos137, A. Mann99, P.M. Manning138, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis9, B. Mansoulie137,