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ISSN 0100-879X BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

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Figure 1. Types of rat ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). A, Isolation-induced 40-kHz  USV emitted by an 11-day-old male Wistar rat after separation from mother and  lit-termates
Figure 2. Setup for playback experiments. Elevated eight-arm radial maze (arm length: 40.5 cm) equipped with two ultrasonic micro- micro-phones and two loudspeakers (Avisoft Bioacoustics, Germany)
Figure 3. Relationship between ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) emitted in infancy  and  adulthood
Figure 4. Behavioral changes in response to playback of 50- and 22-kHz ultra- ultra-sonic vocalizations (USV)
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