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A global model simulation of present and future nitrate aerosols and their direct radiative forcing of climate

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Table 1. Total (anthropogenic plus natural) and global emissions of NO x and NH 3 (Tg N yr − 1 ), SO 2 (Tg S yr − 1 ), black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) (Tg yr −1 ) for the various simulations  per-formed in this study.
Figure 1. Annual mean surface concentration of (top) sulfate aerosols, (middle) ammonium aerosols, and (bottom) total nitrate aerosols simulated for present-day conditions (µg m −3 ).
Figure 2. Annual mean surface concentration of (top) fine-mode nitrate aerosols, (middle) coarse-mode nitrates on dust, and (bottom) coarse- coarse-mode nitrates on sea-salt simulated for present-day conditions (µg m −3 ).
Table 2. Normalized mean bias (NMB, %) and correlation coefficient (R) of model results versus EBAS measurements for the year 2006 and for various regions and worldwide for surface concentrations of SO 4 , NH 4 , and NO 3 , wet deposition of SO x , NH x ,
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