Tempo libero, sport e fascismo

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(11) Prefazione. Alberto De Bernardi. B.+()#$#0%#+3'."4#+0*$/#+0#.+/'0%#$%'+>#..&*%%-3-%\+/'0;-"0%*+3'."%*J+*+(*)%-)#+>*.+ W@@XJ+ >*+ "0+ ;)"(('+ >-+ $%">-'$-+ >#-+ Y*$/-$4-+ #+ >#..#+ '(('$-1-'0-+ *..#+ >-%%*%")#J+ JXLGDWLGDOVRWWRVFULWWR 8QLYHUVLWjGL%RORJQD

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(17) II. Alberto De Bernardi Prefazione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À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`J+0'0'$%*0%#+.#+#3->#0%-+>-YY#)#01#+%)*+ .&"0'+#+.&*.%)'J+/'4#+"0+$'%%'-0$-#4#+$#;0*%'+>*+Y')%-+%)*%%-+/'4"0-+#+>*+$%)#%%#+)#= OD]LRQLUHFLSURFKHGH¿QLELOHFRPH³IDVFLVPRODWLQR´XQ¶HVSHULHQ]DGLVWLQWDSHU -.+>-3#)$'+)"'.'+>#..#+('.-%-/7#+>#..*+3-'.#01*J+>#..&->#'.';-*+'+>#.+(*)%-%'+#+>#..*+ UHOLJLRQHFDWWROLFDGDOPRGHOORLQFDUQDWRGDOQD]LRQDOVRFLDOLVPRLQ*HUPDQLDR >*-+$-$%#4-+*"%')-%*)-+/7#+()#$#)'+Y')4*+0#..&Q")'(*+')-#0%*.#:+ B0+^"#$%'+^"*>)'+$-+/'..'/*+-.+()#$#0%#+.-6)'J+/'4#+>&*.%)'0>#+-.+()-4'+3'."4#J+ OHJDWRDOOD5HIDWFKHYHUUjSXEEOLFDWRYHURVLPLOPHQWHQHOHFKHSUHQGH= )\+$("0%'+>*.+$#4-0*)-'+-0%#)0*1-'0*.#+>-+O3#-)'+>#..&'%%'6)#+()'$$-4'J+>#>-/*%'+ *..&#$%#%-/*+Y*$/-$%*: T'.';0*J+EG+*()-.#+W@EZ.

(18) Introduzione. Daniele Serapiglia. 4XHVWRYROXPHSUHQGHVSXQWRGDOVHPLQDULR³7HPSR/LEHUR6SRUWH)DVFLVPR´ /7#+$-+,+$3'.%'+()#$$'+.&_0-3#)$-%\+>#;.-+U%">-+>-+U-#0*+%)*+-.+EZ+#+-.+E[+'%%'6)#+ W@E?:+B0+^"#.+/'0%#$%'J+$%">-'$-J+()'3#0-#0%-+>*..#+_0-3#)$-%\+>-8+U-#0*J+T'.';0*J+ 2'-46)*J+U*0+N*'.'+>#.+T)*$-.#+#+C-;'J+$-+$'0'+-0%#))';*%-+$".+3*.')#+>#.+%#4('+ OLEHURHGHOORVSRUWQHOO¶DPELWRGHLUHJLPLGL0XVVROLQL6DOD]DU)UDQFRH9DUJDV ('0#0>'+.#+6*$-+(#)+"0*+%#')-*+/'4"0#+/-)/*+.*+Y"01-'0#+>#.+9.,A,")0#.+/'0%#$%'+>#-+ Y*$/-$4-:+R#+)-;7#+/7#+$#;"'0'+/-+(#)4#%%#)*00'+>-+/'4()#0>#)#+4#;.-'+.&';;#%= %'+>#-+3*)-+$*;;-+()#$#0%-+-0+^"#$%'+3'."4#J+Y')0#0>'+*.+.#%%')#+*./"0-+$%)"4#0%-+ "%-.-+(#)+.*+.')'+-0%#)()#%*1-'0#: R&*YY#)4*1-'0#+>#-+Y*$/-$4-J+%)*+.#+>"#+;"#))#J+-0+Q")'(*+#+-0+U">+O4#)-/*J+(')%`+ *+"0*+>-3#)$*+/'0/#1-'0#+>#..&#>"/*1-'0#+#+>#.+%#4('+.-6#)':+B.+/".%'+>#..*+)*11*+ #+.&"%'(-*+>#..&"'4'+0"'3'+$(-0$#)'+>-3#)$-+(*#$-+*+>'%*)$-+>-+$%)"4#0%-+3'.%-+*.+ UDIIRU]DPHQWR¿VLFRHVSLULWXDOHGHOOHQXRYHJHQHUD]LRQL/¶HGXFD]LRQH¿VLFDGL= 3#00#+/#0%)*.#+(#)+.#+');*0-11*1-'0-+;-'3*0-.-+#+0#-+/'0%#$%-+$/'.*$%-/-:+O..'+$%#$$'+ 4'>'J+ ^"#$%*+ >-3#00#+ -4(')%*0%#+ 0#-+ ()';)*44-+ >#;.-+ #0%-+ /7#+ $-+ '//"(*3*0'+ >#..&');*0-11*1-'0#+>#.+%#4('+.-6#)'+>#-+.*3')*%')-:+R*+/")*+>#.+/')('+$-+>-YY"$#J+ FRVuWUDOHPDVVHLQOXRJKLGHOJORERGRYH¿QRDOORVFRSSLRGHOOD3ULPDJXHU= )*+4'0>-*.#J+#)*+*((*00*;;-'+>#..#+/.*$$-+#.-%*)-#J+6#0/7M+3-+Y'$$#)'+$%*%-+%-4->-+ %#0%*%-3-+>-+*./"0-+;'3#)0-+>-+-0%)'>").*+-0+*46-%'+$/'.*$%-/'+*+$/'('+()'(#>#"%-/'+ (#)+.*+()#(*)*1-'0#+4-.-%*)#:+N-'0-#)*+-0+^"#$%'+$#0$'+#)*+$%*%*+.*+N)"$$-*J+/7#+0#.+ DYHYDGLPRVWUDWRODVXSHULRULWj¿VLFDGHOSURSULRHVHUFLWRGXUDQWHODJXHUUD /'0%)'+.*+L)*0/-*J+%*0%'+>*+>-3#0%*)#+"0+4'>#..'+(#)+;.-+$%*%-+>#..&Q")'(*+/'0%-= 0#0%*.#+0#.+/*4('+>#..*+()#(*)*1-'0#+*%.#%-/*+>#-+$'.>*%-:+A#..*+$"*+(-.",#)+/99#) @,44#A-,7#C+C*..#%%-+$/)-3#3*8.

(19) IV. Daniele Serapiglia Introduzione. B.+>#$->#)-'J+-.+6-$';0'+#+.*+3'.'0%\+Y#)4*4#0%#+>#/-$*+>-+)#0>#)#+-+;-'3*0-+Y')%-J+ /')*;;-'$-+#>+#$#)/-%*%-+0#..*+>-$/-(.-0*+(#)+4#11'+>#..*+;-00*$%-/*J+0*/^"#+#+/)#6= 6#+()#$$'+-+>-3#)$-+('('.-J+/7#+0#+>-3#00#)'+('-+-+(-a+*)>#0%-+/".%')-+>'('+^"*./7#+ ;)*0+>-$*$%)'+>-+;"#))*:+A'-+.*+3#>-*4'+-0Y*%%-+$');#)#+#+()';)#>-)#+/'0+4#)*3-= JOLRVDUDSLGLWjLQ3UXVVLDGRSRODVFRQ¿WWDGL-HQDFKHVHJQzGLOXWWRSHUIDUIRUWH .*+0*1-'0#+-.+()-0/-(-'+>#.+$#/'.']+."%%'J+/'4#+/*46-*%'+('-+-0+Y".;->*+/')'0*+>-+ ;.')-*J+%"%%-+$*((-*4'+#>+*44-)-*4'E:. 3DXO9DOpU\QHOVFULYHYDFKHLQ*HUPDQLDYLHUDXQD³GLVFLSOLQDQDWXUD= .#+ /7#+ 3-0/'.*b3*c+ .&*1-'0#+ -0>-3->"*.#+ *..&*1-'0#+ >#..&-0%#)'+ (*#$#J+ /'')>-0*0= >'+;.-+-0%#)#$$-+(*)%-/'.*)-+-0+4'>'+/7#+#$$-+$-+b$'44*$$#)'c+#+$-+b)*YY')1*$$#)'c+ UHFLSURFDPHQWH´!:+R&#$*.%*1-'0#+>#..*+/'4"0-%\+0*1-'0*.#J+.&#0Y*$-+0#..*+)*(()#= VHQWD]LRQHGHOO¶DSSDUWHQHQ]DDOODQD]LRQHHUDQRSHURUDUHLQWHUULWRULRWHGHVFR¿Q >*..&-0-1-'+>#.+dBd+$#/'.'+#>+#)*0'+*..*+6*$#+>#.+4'3-4#0%'+;-00*$%-/'+%#')-11*%'+ GD)ULHGULFK/XGZLJ-DKQQHOODVXDRSHUD$/2-A7M/A)I.9PA-28": 3LRPHQRQHJOLVWHVVLDQQLLQ*UDQ%UHWDJQDVLVWDYDQRDIIHUPDQGRWUDOHPDVVH ;.-+$(')%#:+!"#$%-+".%-4-J+(-a+/7#+*..*+()#(*)*1-'0#+4-.-%*)#J+%#0>#3*0'+*+)-#4(-)#+ ;.-+$(*1-+>-+%#4('+3"'%-+>#..*+/.*$$#+'(#)*-*:+R*+)-3'."1-'0#+-0>"$%)-*.#J+-0Y*%%-J+ *3#3*+(')%*%'+*..*+>-4-0"1-'0#+>#;.-+')*)-+>-+.*3')'+#+*..*+0#/#$$-%\+>-+'//"(*)#+-.+ %#4('+.-6#)'+>#-+>-(#0>#0%-+>#..#+-0>"$%)-#+0#-+;)*0>-+/#0%)-+")6*0-J+*%%)*3#)$'+*%= %-3-%\+*.%#)0*%-3#+*.+/'0$"4'+>#..&*./'.+0#-+("6:+U-+#)*0'+/)#*%#J+/'$eJ+.#+/'0>-1-'= QLSHUO¶DIIHUPD]LRQHWUDOHPDVVHGLVSRUWGLVTXDGUDFRPHLOFDOFLRFKH³VXSH= )*%*+.*+$"*+Y*$#+#.-%*)-*J+^"*0>'+#)*+()*%-/*%'+0#..#+&219,7)A7M..9A)/'4#+#.#4#0%'+ >#..*+/'$%)"1-'0#+>#..*+3-)-.-%\+(#)+-+;-'3*0-+>#..*+/.*$$#+4#>-*J+>-3#00#+.'+$(')%+ GHOODFODVVHRSHUDLD´$:+O((*)#+0#/#$$*)-'+$'%%'.-0#*)#+/'4#+-.+/*./-'+0'0+*3#$$#+ $'.'+(')%*%'+*..*+0*$/-%*+>-+"0+4'3-4#0%'+('('.*)#+>-+()*%-/*0%-J+4*+*0/7#+>-+"0+ ("66.-/'J+/7#+*3)#66#+/'0%)-6"-%'+*..*+/)#*1-'0#+>-+0"'3-+/'0$"4-:+A#;.-+*00-+$-+ VYLOXSSzXQ¿RUHQWHPHUFDWROHJDWRDOOHVFRPPHVVHVLUDIIRU]zODVWDPSDVSRU= WLYDUHQGHQGRTXHVWRVSRUWDGDWWRSHUORVIUXWWDPHQWRSXEEOLFLWDULR8QÀXVVRGL VSHWWDWRULVHPSUHFUHVFHQWHSRLFUHzODQHFHVVLWjGLHGL¿FDUHVWUXWWXUHFDSDFLGL *//';.-#)#+"0+("66.-/'+0"4#)'$'%: O//#00*)#+*..*+$/"'.*+;-00*$%-/*+%#>#$/*+#+*..*+%)*>-1-'0#+$(')%-3*+-0;.#$#+,+Y'0= GDPHQWDOH DL ¿QL GHOOD QRVWUD LQWURGX]LRQH SRLFKp DOO¶LQGRPDQL GHOOD 3ULPD. + L:+C*..#%%-J+(-.",#)+/99#)@,44#A-,7#C)'¶$QQD0HVVLQD)LUHQ]H ,HG

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(39) PARTE I. SPORT E CULTO DEL CORPO NELL’IDEOLOGIA FASCISTA E NAZISTA Educação física, desporto “cultura popular” L¸HSLNYPHUV[YHIHSOV¹9LÅL_LZZVIYL\TH instituição do Estado Novo corporativo. Luís Reis Torgal Professor catedrático jubilado da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra. Fundador e investigador do CEIS20. !"#$%&'()'*+,#-#(+./+.&0)1)'*+2#(+*34)'*+2#5-*+(.&()&#-#$&6-7.)&# 4+#0.&8&69+, 2'4'+M+$*6->'J+'+/')(')*%-3-$4'+r+>#+)#$%'J+"4+>'$+');*0-1*>')#$+>#$%#+/'.K^"-'+ Y'-+ *"%')+ >#+ "4*+ %#$#+ >#+ >'"%')*4#0%'+ $'6)#+ '+ %#4*J+ >#('-$+ ("6.-/*>*)J+ #+ "4+ >'$+0'$$'$+#0/'0%)'$+3#)$'"+#$%*+%#4t%-/*!±ID]SDUWHLQWHJUDQWHGDRUJDQL]DomR Y*$/-$%*J+%#07*+#.*+*+Y')4*+>'+L*$/-$4'+-%*.-*0'+'"+>'+Q$%*>'+A'3'+(')%";"u$J+ FRQFHGHQGRVHXPVLJQL¿FDGRLPSRUWDQWHjVHVWUXWXUDVGRWUDEDOKRHGRVWUDED= OKDGRUHV LQVHULGDV QD FRQFHSomR GH XQLGDGH QDFLRQDO OLGHUDGD SRU XP (VWDGR *"%')-%t)-'9%'%*.-%t)-':+Q4+B%t.-*+("6.-/'"=$#J+#4+WH+>#+O6)-.+>#+EFWHJ+*+H#"-#)+/9) S#:.".J+#4*0*>*+>'+`"#4)H.4A,@9,.)+/9)B#A7,A8.J+4*$+/"v*+*"%')-*+M+*%)-6"q>*+ D%RWWDL(P3RUWXJDOORJRHPGH6HWHPEURGHDQRGDFULDomRFRQVWL= %"/-'0*.+>'+Q$%*>'+A'3'J+$");-"+'+Q$%*%"%'+>'+P)*6*.7'+A*/-'0*.+D>#/)#%'=.#-+0:w+ WG:@?[IJ+^"#+%#3#J+#4+/#)%*+4#>->*J+/'4'+4'>#.'J+'+%#x%'+-%*.-*0'J+#+^"#+Y'-J+(')+ DVVLPGL]HURHOHPHQWRSURSXOVRUGDRUJDQL]DomRFRUSRUDWLYDOHYDGDDHIHLWRSRU 6DOD]DUHSHORVHXSULPHLURVXEVHFUHWiULRGDV&RUSRUDo}HV3HGUR7HRWyQLR3H= UHLUDFDPDUDGDGH0DUFHOOR&DHWDQR VXFHVVRUGH6DOD]DUHP

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