Idosos brasileiros: diferentes regionalmente?

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Gráfico 1

TAXA DE CRESCIMENTO POPULACIONAL NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1940-1996 0,0% 1,0% 2,0% 3,0% 4,0% 5,0% 6,0% 7,0% 1940 1950 1970 1980 1991

Total - NE Idosos - NE Total - SE Idosos - SE

Fonte: IBGE, Vários Censos Demográficos.

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(Em milhões de habitantes)

80 e + - NE 60-79 - NE

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Gráfico 3 POPULAÇÃO IDOSA SUDESTE, 1940-1996 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1991 1996

(Em milhões de habitantes)

80 e + - SE 60-79 - SE

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Gráfico 4

RAZÃO DE SEXO DOS IDOSOS POR IDADE NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1940-1996 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75 - 79 80 - 84 85 - 89 90 + 1940 - SE 1996 - SE 1940 - NE 1996 - NE

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Tabela 1

DISTRIBUIÇÃO PERCENTUAL DA POPULAÇÃO IDOSA POR ESTADO CONJUGAL E SEXO NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1991 e 1995

Homens Mulheres Homens Mulheres Homens Mulheres Homens Mulheres Nordeste

Casados 72,5 29,9 78,1 34,8 81,3 41,4 77,2 40,2

Separados, desquitados e divorciados 0,1 0,1 3,6 5,6 4,1 7,5 8,6 8,9

Viúvos 17,3 50,8 13,3 47,7 10,2 40,3 11,7 42,1

Solteiros 10,1 19,2 5,0 11,9 4,5 10,8 2,5 8,8

Total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

Sudeste

Casados 72,8 32,3 75,8 35,3 79,6 40,5 79,2 39,4

Separados, desquitados e divorciados 0,3 0,2 3,7 4,9 3,6 5,6 4,7 6,0

Viúvos 19,6 58,5 14,7 51,5 11,0 44,6 11,6 47,3

Solteiros 7,2 9,0 5,9 8,3 5,7 9,2 4,5 7,2

Total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

Fonte: IBGE, Vários Censos Demográficos de 1991 e PNAD de 1995.

1970

1950 1991 1995

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Tabela 2

CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS FAMÍLIAS Com Idosos Sem Idosos Total PERFIL DAS FAMÍLIAS

* Tamanho médio 3,30 3,96 3,80

* Nº médio de filhos 1,15 2,08 1,85

* Rendimento Médio familiar per capita1 202,72 166,67 175,83 * Proporção média da renda que depende do chefe 64,8 73,2 71,3

* Nº médio de pessoas que trabalham 1,68 1,19 1,31

* Número médio de Idosos por família 1,32 - 0,32

CARACTERÍSTICAS DOS CHEFES DE FAMÍLIA

* Idade média do chefe (Anos) 66,5 38,1 45,0

* Proporção de chefes homens 65,0 75,6 73,0

* Proporção de chefes mulheres 35,0 24,4 27,0

* Número médio de anos de estudo dos chefes 2,14 4,46 3,90

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS TIPOS DE FAMÍLIAS (%)

Total 100,0 100,0 100,0

Nucleares 60,7 87,7 81,1

Casal sem filhos 13,5 7,9 9,3

Casal com filhos 22,5 56,5 48,2

Mulher sozinha 8,4 1,8 3,4

Mãe com filhos 9,0 16,5 14,7

Homem sozinho 4,9 3,5 3,9

Pai com filhos 2,4 1,4 1,6

Extensas 39,3 12,3 18,9

Fonte dos dados brutos: IBGE, PNAD 1998. Elaboração: IPEA.

Nota: (1) Rendimento médio familiar per capita, em reais, inclui a soma de todos os rendimentos das pessoas na família dividido pelo número destas. (2) A proporção de famílias com Idosos chefes está incluída dentro da proporção de famílias com Idosos.

ESTRUTURA DAS FAMÍLIAS BRASILEIRAS SEGUNDO A PRESENÇA DE IDOSOS NORDESTE, 1998

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Tabela 3

CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS FAMÍLIAS Com Idosos Sem Idosos Total PERFIL DAS FAMÍLIAS

* Tamanho médio 2,84 3,53 3,36

* Nº médio de filhos 0,89 1,68 1,49

* Rendimento Médio familiar per capita1

443,11 380,83 396,46

* Proporção média da renda que depende do chefe 64,8 71,2 69,7

* Nº médio de pessoas que trabalham 1,56 1,09 1,21

* Número médio de Idosos por família 1,33 - 0,32

* Idade média do chefe (Anos) 65,6 39,4 45,8

* Proporção de chefes homens 63,7 77,0 73,8

* Proporção de chefes mulheres 36,3 23,0 26,2

* Número médio de anos de estudo dos chefes 4,36 6,76 6,18

Total 100,0 100,0 100,0

Nucleares 70,6 90,6 85,7

Extensas 29,4 9,4 14,3

Nota: (1) Rendimento médio familiar per capita, em reais, inclui a soma de todos os rendimentos das pessoas na família dividido pelo número destas. (2) A proporção de famílias com Idosos chefes está incluída dentro da proporção de famílias com Idosos.

ESTRUTURA DAS FAMÍLIAS BRASILEIRAS SEGUNDO A PRESENÇA DE IDOSOS SUDESTE, 1998

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(11)

Tabela 4

1981 1998 1981 1998

PERFIL DAS FAMÍLIAS

* Tamanho médio 3,38 3,30 3,85 2,84

* Nº médio de filhos 1,27 1,15 1,59 0,89

* Rendimento Médio familiar per capita1 0,73 1,56 1,99 3,41 * Proporção média da renda que depende do chefe 73,0 64,8 68,9 64,8

* Nº médio de pessoas que trabalham 1,76 1,68 1,91 1,56

* Número médio de Idosos por família 0,86 1,32 1,00 1,33

* Proporção de famílias com idosos 24,8 24,4 21,1 24,4

* Idade média do chefe (Anos) 64,5 66,5 63,0 65,6

* Proporção de chefes homens 72,5 65,0 72,2 63,7

* Proporção de chefes mulheres 27,5 35,0 27,8 36,3

* Número médio de anos de estudo dos chefes 3,42 2,14 1,41 4,36

Total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

Nucleares 58,6 60,7 63,9 70,6

Casal sem filhos 13,0 13,5 17,6 19,8

Casal com filhos 25,0 22,5 23,5 21,6

Mulher sozinha 7,3 8,4 8,2 11,6

Mãe com filhos 7,2 9,0 8,2 10,9

Homem sozinho 4,0 4,9 3,8 4,1

Pai com filhos 2,1 2,4 2,5 2,5

Extensas 41,4 39,3 36,1 29,4

Casal sem filhos 6,6 7,2 4,8 4,2

Casal com filhos 17,9 13,3 15,7 9,8

Mãe com filhos 6,4 7,5 5,2 6,0

Fonte dos dados brutos: IBGE, PNAD's de 1981 e 1998. Elaboração: IPEA.

Nota: (1) Rendimento médio familiar per capita, inclui a soma de todos os rendimentos das pessoas na família dividido pelo número de seus componentes. Este rendimento foi expresso em números de salários mínimos, que em 1981 era de Cr$ 8.464,80 e em 1998 R$ 130,00.

Nordeste Sudeste

CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS FAMÍLIAS

ESTRUTURA DAS FAMÍLIAS COM IDOSOS NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1981 E 1998

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(12)

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(13)

Tabela 5

< 3 SM2 _{> 10 SM} _{< 3 SM} _{> 10 SM}

PERFIL DAS FAMÍLIAS

* Tamanho médio 2,91 3,92 2,26 3,36

* Nº médio de filhos 1,55 1,15 0,54 1,20

* Proporção média da renda familiar que depende do chefe 70,7 63,4 74,6 58,2

* Rendimento médio familiar per capita 95,46 1.060,92 121,86 1.158,89

* Nº médio de pessoas que trabalham 0,93 1,79 0,50 1,57

* Idade média do chefe (Anos) 67,8 64,3 68,5 63,2

* Proporção de chefes homens 60,7 71,8 53,8 71,9

* Proporção de chefes mulheres 39,3 28,2 46,2 28,1

* Número médio de anos de estudo dos chefes 1,02 8,48 2,11 8,33

* Distribuição das famílias por categoria 64,5 7,9 34,8 23,4

Total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

Nucleares 64,8 51,4 77,9 63,4

Casal sem filhos 15,4 12,7 22,1 16,0

Casal com filhos 18,4 27,4 12,8 31,1

Mãe com filhos 9,5 6,6 10,4 9,1

Extensas 35,2 48,6 22,1 36,6

Casal sem filhos 6,8 6,6 3,3 4,6

Casal com filhos 9,0 21,1 3,9 15,6

Mãe com filhos 7,0 8,7 4,8 6,8

Nota: (1) Rendimento médio familiar per capita, em reais, inclui a soma de todos os rendimentos das pessoas na família dividido pelo número destas. (2) O salário mínimo no ano de 1998 era de R$ 130,00.

CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS FAMÍLIAS Nordeste Sudeste

ESTRUTURA DAS FAMÍLIAS COM IDOSOS SEGUNDO A CLASSE DE RENDIMENTO FAMILIAR NORDESTE E SUDESTE - 1998

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Tabela 6

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS IDOSOS SEGUNDO SUA CONDIÇÃO NO DOMICÍLIO NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1981 E 1998

1981 1998

Homens Mulheres Total Homens Mulheres Total

Nordeste Chefe 92,1 36,3 63,3 90,8 42,7 64,3 Cônjuge 0,2 37,6 19,5 2,1 38,9 22,4 Filho 0,3 0,7 0,5 0,3 0,6 0,5 Parente 7,1 24,1 15,8 6,2 17,1 12,2 Agregado 0,4 0,9 0,7 0,5 0,4 0,5 Pensionista 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 Empregado 0,0 0,4 0,2 0,0 0,2 0,1 Total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Sudeste Chefe 89,1 32,6 58,7 90,0 42,3 63,1 Cônjuge 0,4 35,7 19,4 2,2 37,4 22,0 Filho 0,3 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,6 0,5 Parente 9,6 29,9 20,5 7,0 19,1 13,8 Agregado 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,3 0,5 0,4 Pensionista 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 Empregado 0,0 0,4 0,2 0,0 0,1 0,1

(15)

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(16)

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Gráfico 5

PROBABILIDADE DE UM IDOSO DO SEXO MASCULINO SER PARENTE POR IDADE NORDESTE E SUDESTE - 1981 E 1998 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85+ Nordeste - 81 Nordeste - 98 Sudeste - 81 Sudeste - 98

Fonte: IBGE, PNAD de 1998.

Gráfico 6

PROBABILIDADE DE UM IDOSO DO SEXO FEMININO SER PARENTE POR IDADE NORDESTE E SUDESTE - 1981 E 1998 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85+ Idade

Nordeste - 81 Nordeste - 98 Sudeste - 81 Sudeste - 98

(17)

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Tabela 7

RENDIMENTO MÉDIO DE TODAS AS FONTES DOS IDOSOS POR CONDIÇÃO NO DOMICÍLIO E SEXO

NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1998

Homens Mulheres Homens Mulheres

Chefe 388,26 270,22 803,25 433,73

Cônjuge 380,91 134,18 1.055,69 165,99

Parente 163,30 184,44 299,45 271,92

Total 372,18 201,28 770,91 301,04

Nordeste Sudeste 'HQWUHRVSDUHQWHVSUHGRPLQDPRVYL~YRVHPWRGDVDVUHJL}HVHHPDPERV RVVH[RVVHQGRHQWUHDVPXOKHUHVRQGHVHYHULILFDPDVSURSRUo}HVPDLVHOHYDGDVYLGH JUiILFR([FOXLQGRRVKRPHQVQRUGHVWLQRVDVHJXQGDPDLRUFDWHJRULDGHSDUHQWHVHUD IRUPDGDSRUVROWHLURV(VVHVGDGRVVXJHUHPTXHRFDVDPHQWRSURSLFLDDRVLGRVRVXPD UHODWLYD´LQGHSHQGrQFLDµ 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% H - NE M - NE H - SE M - SE Gráfico 7

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS PARENTES POR ESTADO CONJUGAL E SEXO NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1995

Casado Solteiro Desq, Sep ou Div Viúvo Fonte: IBGE, PNAD de 1995.

(18)

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TAXA DE ATIVIDADE DOS IDOSOS POR SEXO NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1981-1998 0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

Homens - NE Mulheres - NE Homens - SE Mulheres - SE Fonte: IBGE, PNAD de 1998.

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(19)

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Gráfico 9

TAXAS DE ATIVIDADE DOS IDOSOS E PROPORÇÃO DE IDOSOS APOSENTADOS POR SEXO NORDESTE, 1978-1998 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Aposentados - H Aposentados - M Taxa de Atividade - H Taxa de Atividade - M Fonte: IBGE, PNAD de 1998.

Gráfico 10

TAXAS DE ATIVIDADE DOS IDOSOS E PROPORÇÃO DE IDOSOS APOSENTADOS POR SEXO SUDESTE, 1978-1998 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Aposentados - H Aposentados - M Taxa de Atividade - H Taxa de Atividade - M

(20)

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Gráfico 11

TAXAS ESPECÍFICAS DE ATIVIDADE POR IDADE E SEXO NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1998 0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0% 80,0% 90,0% 100,0% 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-77 80 e + Homens - NE Mulheres - NE Homens - SE Mulheres - SE

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(22)

Gráfico 12

TAXAS DE ATIVIDADE DOS IDOSOS POR CATEGORIAS NORDESTE, 1981 E 1998 0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0% 80,0% 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80 e +

PEA Aposent - H - 81 PEA Aposent - M - 81 PEA Pura - H - 81 PEA Pura - M - 81 PEA Aposent - H - 98 PEA Aposent - M - 98 PEA Pura - H - 98 PEA Pura - M - 98 Fonte: IBGE, PNAD's de 1981 e 1998.

Gráfico 13

TAXAS DE ATIVIDADE DOS IDOSOS POR CATEGORIAS SUDESTE, 1981 E 1998 0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80 e +

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(23)

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Gráfico 14

DISTRIBUIÇÃO PERCENTUAL DA POPULAÇÃO IDOSA POR HORAS TRABALHADAS SUDESTE, 1981 E 1998 0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0% Até 14 15 a 39 40 a 48 49 e + Até 14 15 a 39 40 a 48 49 e +

Homens - 81 Homens - 98 Mulheres - 81 Mulheres - 98

Fonte: IBGE, PNADs de 1981 e 1998.

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(24)

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DISTRIBUIÇÃO PERCENTUAL DA PEA IDOSA POR POSIÇÃO NA OCUPAÇÃO E SEXO NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1998

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(25)

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Gráfico 16

RENDIMENTO MÉDIO DE TODAS AS FONTES POR IDADE E SEXO NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1998 0,00 200,00 400,00 600,00 800,00 1.000,00 1.200,00 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80 e + Homens - NE Mulheres - NE Homens - SE Mulheres - SE

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(26)

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Tabela 8

RENDIMENTO MÉDIO DE TODAS AS FONTES DOS IDOSOS POR CATEGORIAS E SEXO

NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1998

Categorias Homens Mulheres Total

PEA Pura 286,79 310,88 294,42 PEA Aposentada 495,18 282,66 449,54 Aposentado Puro 289,83 156,93 210,10 Pensionista Puro 144,63 279,30 276,58 Outros 603,74 218,38 287,88 Total 372,18 201,28 277,99 PEA Pura 845,08 489,27 713,41 PEA Aposentada 1.388,02 620,95 1.263,16 Aposentado Puro 493,41 256,25 390,77 Pensionista Puro 157,84 312,36 310,43 Outros 772,61 264,23 370,83 Total 770,91 301,04 506,28

Fonte: IBGE, PNAD's de 1998.

Nordeste

Sudeste

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0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0% 80,0% 90,0%

Homens - 81 Mulheres - 81 Homens - 98 Mulheres - 98

Gráfico 17

PROPORÇÃO DOS IDOSOS QUE RECEBEM MENOS DE UM SALÁRIO MÍNIMO POR SEXO NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1981 E 1998

Nordeste Sudeste

Fonte: IBGE, PNAD's de 1981 e 1998.

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(28)

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FONTE DE RENDIMENTO DOS IDOSOS POR SEXO NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1981 E 1998 Outras Pensão Aposentadoria Trabalho $FRQWULEXLomRGRVUHQGLPHQWRVGHDSRVHQWDGRULDQDUHQGDGDVPXOKHUHVp PHQRUGRTXHQDUHQGDGRVKRPHQVPDVRLQYHUVRRFRUUHFRPSHQV}HVYHUJUiILFR 4XDQGRVHDGLFLRQDPRVUHQGLPHQWRVGHDSRVHQWDGRULDDRVGHSHQVmRDVXDSURSRUomR ILFDVXSHULRUjFRUUHVSRQGHQWHPDVFXOLQD(VVHVGRLVEHQHItFLRVIRUDPUHVSRQViYHLVSRU GDUHQGDGDVPXOKHUHVQRUGHVWLQDVHSRUGDVUHVLGHQWHVQR6XGHVWH$VVLP FRPR SDUD RV KRPHQV UHVLGHQWHV QR 6XGHVWH R UHQGLPHQWR GH RXWUDV IRQWHV WDPEpP SRVVXLJUDQGHLPSRUWkQFLDQDUHQGDGDVPXOKHUHVLGRVDVQHVVDPHVPDUHJLmR

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(29)

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Tabela 10

CONTRIBUIÇÃO MÉDIA DOS RENDIMENTOS DOS IDOSOS NA RENDA FAIMLIAR NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1998

Aposentadoria Pensão Todos os

Trabalhos Outras Fontes

Todas as Fontes Homens 42,1 0,5 19,2 1,9 63,9 Mulheres 50,0 35,5 2,9 1,9 49,5 Total 38,5 5,3 10,2 1,9 56,2 Homens 40,9 0,5 18,0 4,4 64,4 Mulheres 16,9 16,2 3,4 3,2 40,7 Total 27,4 9,4 9,8 3,7 51,0

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Tabela 11

PROPORÇÃO DA RENDA QUE DEPENDE DO IDOSO POR SEXO E SITUAÇÃO DE CHEFIA NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1998

Homens Mulheres Total

Chefe Idoso 65,7 73,4 68,5

Idosos Não Chefes 38,8 31,1 31,9

Total 63,4 49,6 55,8

Chefe Idoso 66,2 67,2 66,6

Idosos Não Chefes 34,1 19,8 21,3

Total 63,5 40,2 50,4

Sudeste Nordeste

(30)

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