Nikolay L. Sukhachev
Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
On the Etymology of the Place Name
Brăíla
Voprosy onomastiki, 2016, Volume 13, Issue 2, pp. 40–55 DOI: 10.15826/vopr_onom.2016.13.2.017
Language of the article: Russian
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С хач Н а ч
И ч х АН, - , я
э
а
Брэила
В . 6. . . № 2. . 40–55 DOI: 10.15826/vopr_onom.2016.13.2.017
Я :
ϧϘϞ ϜЁЅІϼІЇІϿϼЁϷ϶ϼЅІϼЋϹЅϾϼЉϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴЁϼϽ Ϥϔϡ ϥϴЁϾІ-ϣϹІϹЄϵЇЄϷ, ϤЂЅЅϼГ
Ʉ
ɗɌɂɆɈɅɈȽɂɂ
ɌɈɉɈɇɂɆȺ
Э
*
ϥІϴІАГЃЂЅ϶ГЍϹЁϴЃЄЂϵϿϹЀϹЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϺϸϹЁϼГϸЄϹ϶ЁϹϷЂІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ , ϼЀϹЁЇВЍϹϷЂ ЁЏЁϹЃЂЄІЂ϶ЏϽϷЂЄЂϸ϶ϤЇЀЏЁϼϼ, ϶ЁϼϺЁϹЀϣЂϸЇЁϴ϶АϹ. ϔ϶ІЂЄЃЄϼ϶ЂϸϼІϼЅІЂЄϼЋϹЅϾϼϹ ϼϷϹЂϷЄϴЈϼЋϹЅϾϼϹЅ϶ϹϸϹЁϼГ, ϸЂϾϴϻЏ϶ϴВЍϼϹ, ЅЂϸЁЂϽЅІЂЄЂЁЏ, ϻЁϴЋϼІϹϿАЁЇВϸЄϹ϶ЁЂЅІА ІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ, ϴЅϸЄЇϷЂϽ — ϹϷЂ϶ϾϿВЋϹЁЁЂЅІА϶ЃЄЂЌϿЂЀ϶ЅϿЂϺЁЏϽБІЁЂГϻЏϾЂ϶ЂϽϿϴЁϸЌϴЈІ, ЋІЂ϶ЂЀЁЂϷЂЀЂЃЄϹϸϹϿГϹІІЄЇϸЁЂЅІϼБІϼЀЂϿЂϷϼϻϴЊϼϼϼЃЂϻ϶ЂϿГϹІІϹЂЄϹІϼЋϹЅϾϼϸЂЃЇЅϾϴІА Ѕ϶ГϻАЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼГЅϾϹϿАІЅϾϼЀ, ІВЄϾЅϾϼЀ, ЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾϼЀϼЄЇЀЏЁЅϾϼЀϼЅІЂЋЁϼϾϴЀϼ. ϣЄϼБІЂЀ ЂЅЂϵЂЂІЀϹЋϴϹІЅГ, ЋІЂЁϴЄГϸЇЅГ϶ЁЏЀϼϼϻЂϷϿЂЅЅϴЀϼ϶ЅЂϵЄϴЁЁЂЀЂЁЂЀϴЅІϼЋϹЅϾЂЀЀϴІϹ -ЄϼϴϿϹЀЂϷЇІЃЄϼЅЇІЅІ϶Ђ϶ϴІАϼϼϻЂЈЂЁЏ — ЅϿЇЋϴϽЁЏϹЈЂЁϹІϼϾЂ-ϷЄϴЈϼЋϹЅϾϼϹЅЂ϶ЃϴϸϹЁϼГ. ϥЂЃЂЄЂϽЁϴІϼЃЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼϹЁϴϵϿВϸϹЁϼГϼϿϼЁϷ϶ϼЅІϼЋϹЅϾϼϽϴЁϴϿϼϻ϶ЅІϴІАϹЄϴЅЅЀϴІЄϼ -϶ϴВІЅГЇϺϹϼϻ϶ϹЅІЁЏϹϷϼЃЂІϹϻЏ, ϾϴЅϴВЍϼϹЅГЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϺϸϹЁϼГЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼГ . ϥЂϷϿϴЅЁЂ ϷϼЃЂІϹϻϹϴ϶ІЂЄϴ, ІЂЃЂЁϼЀГ϶ϿГϹІЅГЂІϴЁІЄЂЃЂЁϼЀϼЋϹЅϾϼЀ: ϶ϹϷЂЂЅЁЂ϶ϹϿϹϺϼІϿϼЋЁЂϹϼЀГ ϼϿϼЃЄЂϻ϶ϼЍϹ * (- /- ) — ЅϾЂЄϹϹ϶ЅϹϷЂ, ВϺЁЂЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾЂϹ, ЂϵЄϴϻЂ϶ϴЁЁЂϹЂІϸϹЄϼ϶ϴІЂ϶ ЂϵЍϹЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾЂϷЂϷϿϴϷЂϿϴ *b rlati/*b rl’atiЅЌϼЄЂϾϼЀЅϹЀϴЁІϼЋϹЅϾϼЀЅЃϹϾІЄЂЀ, ϶ϾϿВЋϴ -ВЍϼЀϻЁϴЋϹЁϼГ ‘϶ЂϻϼІАЅГ, ЄЏІАЅГ’, ‘ЃϴЋϾϴІА, ϷЄГϻЁϼІА’, ‘ЀϹЌϴІА’ ϼϸЄ.
Ϟ Ͽ В Ћ Ϲ ϶ Џ Ϲ Ѕ Ͽ Ђ ϶ ϴ: ϵϴϿϾϴЁЅϾϴГЂЁЂЀϴЅІϼϾϴ, ЄЇЀЏЁЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ, ВϺЁЂЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾϼϹ ГϻЏϾϼ, ϾϹϿАІϼϻЀЏ, ІЂЃЂЁϼЀϼГ, ϷϼϸЄЂЁϼЀϼГ, ϴЁІЄЂЃЂЁϼЀϼГ, ϼϻЂЈЂЁϼГ, БІϼЀЂϿЂϷϼГ.
ϖЂЃЄЂЅЏЂЁЂЀϴЅІϼϾϼ. 2016. Ϧ. 13. № 2. ϥ. 40–55
* ϳЃЄϼϻЁϴІϹϿϹЁϔ. Ϝ. ϨϴϿϼϿϹϹ϶ЇϻϴϼϸϹВЅІϴІАϼϼЇЃЂЄЅІ϶Ђ, ЅϾЂІЂЄЏЀЂЁЁϴЅІϴϼ϶ϴϿЁϴϹϹ
϶ЂЃϿЂЍϹЁϼϼ. ϛϴЃЄϹϸЂЅІϴ϶ϿϹЁЁЇВЀЁϹϿϼІϹЄϴІЇЄЇϼϾЂЁЅЇϿАІϴЊϼϼГϵϿϴϷЂϸϴЄϹЁІϴϾϺϹϔϿАϵϼЁϹ
1.
ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ú (ЄЇЀ. Brăíla) ―ЃЂЄІЂ϶ЏϽϷЂЄЂϸЁϴϿϹ϶ЂϵϹЄϹϺАϹϘЇЁϴГ, ϴϸЀϼЁϼЅІЄϴ
-Іϼ϶ЁЏϽЊϹЁІЄЂϸЁЂϼЀϹЁЁЂϷЂЄϴϽЂЁϴϤЇЀЏЁϼϼ ЁϴЅϹ϶ϹЄЂ-϶ЂЅІЂϾϹϼЅІЂЄϼЋϹЅϾЂϽ
ЂϵϿϴЅІϼϠЇЁІϹЁϼГ. ϡϴϻ϶ϴЁϼϹϷЂЄЂϸϴЃЄϹϸЃЂϿЂϺϼІϹϿАЁЂ϶Ђϻ϶ЂϸГІϾϿϼЋЁЂЀЇϼЀϹЁϼ
Braila, ЅЂЃЂЅІϴ϶ϼЀЂЀЇЅϵЂϿϷ. , ЅІ.-ЅϹЄϵ. [Kiss, 1978, 126 — ЊϼІ. ЃЂ: Detelić, 2007, 65].
ϦЂЃЂЁϼЀЅЂЂІЁЂЅГІІϴϾϺϹЅϿϴІ. Braíola―ЃЂЅϹϿϹЁϼϹЀ, ЇЃЂЀГЁЇІЏЀЇϣЄЂ
-ϾЂЃϼГ (De aedifi ciis, 124, 25: Bra…ola) [ЅЀ.: ϨϴϿϼϿϹϹ϶, 2012, 73–81], ϾЂІЂЄЂϹ
ϿЂϾϴϿϼϻЇϹІЅГ ЃЄϼϵϿϼϻϼІϹϿАЁЂ ϶ ЇЅІАϹ Є. ϦϼЀЂϾ, ЃЄϴ϶ЂϷЂ ЃЄϼІЂϾϴ ϘЇЁϴГ, І. Ϲ.
ЁϴЅІЏϾϹ϶ЂЅІЂЋЁЏЉЃЄϹϸϹϿЂ϶ϥϹЄϵϼϼЅϻϴЃϴϸЁЏЀϼЂϵϿϴЅІГЀϼϤЇЀЏЁϼϼϼϕЂϿϷϴ
-Єϼϼ. ϣЂЅϾЂϿАϾЇЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼϹЅЂϻ϶ЇЋЁЂЅϾϹϿАІ. Braiolum, ЁϹϼЅϾϿВЋϴϹІЅГ, ЋІЂЅЂЂІ
-϶ϹІЅІ϶ЇВЍϼϽЄЇЀЏЁЅϾϼϽІЂЃЂЁϼЀЀЂϺϹІ϶ЂЅЉЂϸϼІАϾϾϹϿАІ. breialo ‘ЃЂϷЄϴЁϼЋЁЂϹ
ЇϾЄϹЃϿϹЁϼϹ’ [ϦϴЀϺϹ; ЅЄ.: Loma, 1991, 114; Detelić, 2007, 65].
1.1. ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ϤЇЀ. BrăilaЅЂЂІ϶ϹІЅІ϶ЇϹІЄЇЅ. , ЇЅІϴЄ. [ϕЄЂϾϷϴЇϻ, 4 (8), 550].
ϠϹЅІЁЏϹІВЄϾϼ, ЃЂ ЁϹϾЂІЂЄЏЀ Ѕ϶ϹϸϹЁϼГЀ, ϼЀϹЁЂ϶ϴϿϼϷЂЄЂϸ, ЅІϴ϶ЌϼϽϸϿГ ϢЅ
-ЀϴЁЅϾЂϽϼЀЃϹЄϼϼ ϶ϴϺЁЂϽ ϾЄϹЃЂЅІАВ ϼЃЂЄІЂЀ, Proilova [Constantin, 2011, 52].
ϖЅϹЄϵЅϾЂЀБЃЂЅϹЂЁЇЃЂЀϼЁϴϹІЅГЃЂϸЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼГЀϼ , (I Braila odsvud opkolişe — «ϜϕЄϴϼϿЇЂІЂ϶ЅВϸЇЂϾЄЇϺϴВІ») [SANU, 287], , (Udriću ti gradu Ibrailu — «ϧϸϴЄϼϿІЏ ЃЂϷЂЄЂϸЇϜϵЄϴϼϿЇ» [KH I, 143]), Ibraila i grada Smaila — «ϜϵЄϴϼϿϴϼϷЂЄЂϸϴϥЀϴϼϿϴ»1 [KH I, 134]), (Breila) [ЅЀ.: Detelić, 2007, 65–66]2.
ϨЂЄЀϴ (Ibrail) Г϶ЁЂ϶ЂϻЁϼϾϿϴЁϴЂЅЁЂ϶ϹϾЂЁІϴЀϼЁϴЊϼϼЅЁϴЄЂϸЁЏЀ
϶ϴЄϼϴЁІЂЀІЇЄ. Cebrail — ϘϺϹϵЄϴϼϿ (ϼϻ ϴЄϴϵЅϾЂϷЂ, ЅЂЂІ϶ϹІЅІ϶ЇϹІϵϼϵϿϹϽЅϾЂЀЇ
ϴЄЉϴЁϷϹϿЇ ϗϴ϶ЄϼϼϿЇ); ЂϸЁЂ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЁЂ БІϴ ЈЂЄЀϴ Г϶ϿГϹІЅГ ЄϹϻЇϿАІϴІЂЀЅϿϼГЁϼГ
Ёϴϻ϶ϴЁϼГϷЂЄЂϸϴЅЅЂВϻЂЀ, ϾϴϾ϶ϼϸЁЂϼϻЃЄϼЀϹЄϴI Braila odsvud opkolişe. ϞЄЂЀϹ
ІЂϷЂ, ЅЂВϻЂЀЀЂϷϵЏІАЃЂϸЀϹЁϹЁЃЄЂІϹІϼЋϹЅϾϼϽϷϿϴЅЁЏϽЃϹЄϹϸЁϴЋϴϿАЁЏЀbr-,
ЃЄϼ϶ЏЋЁЏϽ ϸϿГ ІВЄϾЅϾЂϽ ЄϹЋϼ (ЁЂ ЁϹ ϸϿГ ВϺЁЂЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾЂϽ). ϠϹЅІЁϴГ ЈЂЄЀϴ
1ϦЇЄ. Smail — ЅІГϺϹЁЁϴГЈЂЄЀϴЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼГϷЂЄЂϸϴ ЁϴϘЇЁϴϹ (ЁЏЁϹϷЂЄЂϸ϶ϢϸϹЅЅϾЂϽ ЂϵϿϴЅІϼ, ϧϾЄϴϼЁϴ). ϧЃЂЀϼЁϴϹІЅГ c XVI ϶. ϾϴϾІЇЄϹЊϾϴГϾЄϹЃЂЅІА; ϶ 1569 Ϸ. ЇϾϴϻЂЀЅЇϿІϴЁϴЃЄϼЁϹϽ
ϵЏϿϼЃЂЅϹϿϹЁЏЁЂϷϴϽЊЏ. CЄ. ϶ϴЄϼϴЁІЏІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ϶ІЇЄϹЊϾϼЉϼЅІЂЋЁϼϾϴЉ: Isma-il (1680 Ϸ.), ϸϴϿϹϹ
Ismaīl, Ismā‘īl, Izmehal, Ismāl. ϡϴϻ϶ϴЁϼϹЂϸЁЂϻЁϴЋЁЂ϶ЂЅЉЂϸϼІϾІЇЄϹЊϾЂЀЇЀЇϺЅϾЂЀЇϼЀϹЁϼIsmail
(<ϴЄϴϵ. ismā‘īl), ϸϴ϶ЌϹЀЇϴϿϵ. ІЂЅϾ. Ismail, Ismahil, ϷϹϷЅϾ. IsmajlϼЅІГϺϹЁЁЏϹЈЂЄЀЏ (ϴϿϵ. ϷϹϷЅϾ.
Smail, ϴϿϵ. ІЂЅϾ. Malo) [Dizdari, 2006, 425, 917], ЅϹЄϵ. Ismàil, Ismàjil (ЅІГϺϹЁϼГ: Smàil, Smàiš, Smàjil,
Smàio), ЅЄ.-ϷЄϹЋ. ’Ι ηαάζ (XII ϶.), ϶ϹЁϷ. Izmael (1562 Ϸ.), Izmail (1638 Ϸ.), Ismáel (1644 Ϸ.), Iszmahil
(1660 Ϸ.) (ЅІГϺϹЁϼГ: Szmail, 1530 Ϸ.; Szmael, 1694 Ϸ.) [Kakuk, 1973, 199–200]. ϤЇЅЅϾЂϹЀЇϺЅϾЂϹϼЀГ
϶ЂЅЉЂϸϼІϾϷЄϹЋϹЅϾЂϽЈЂЄЀϹ (< ϸЄ.-Ϲ϶Є.) [ϨϴЅЀϹЄ, 2, 122].
, ϶ЂЅЉЂϸГЍϴГϾІЇЄϹЊϾЂϽ, ϴІϴϾϺϹЇЃЂЀϼЁϴЁϼϹ ϶ЅϿϴ϶ГЁЂ-϶ϴϿϴЌ
-ЅϾЂЀϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϹ 1368 Ϸ. (ЅЀ. ЄϴϻϸϹϿ 1.3) ЁϹЃЂϻ϶ЂϿГВІ϶ЅϹϺϹЃЄϼЃϼЅЏ϶ϴІАЅЂϻϸϴЁϼϹ
БІЂϷЂϷϹЂϷЄϴЈϼЋϹЅϾЂϷЂϼЀϹЁϼЁϼЂЅЀϴЁϴЀ, ЁϼІВЄϾϴЀЄϴЁЁϹϷЂϥЄϹϸЁϹ϶ϹϾЂ϶АГ3.
1.2. Ɉɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɡɨɝɥɨɫɫɵ (ɬɨɩɨɧɢɦɢɹɢɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɢɹ)
Ϟ 1335 Ϸ. ЂІЁЂЅϼІЅГЇЃЂЀϼЁϴЁϼϹЅ. (Braila) ϶ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϹϼЀϹЁϼГЅϹЄϵ
-ЅϾЂϷЂϵЂГЄϼЁϴϼϻϷЂЄЁЂϽЂϵϿϴЅІϼϦЄϹЅϾϴ϶ϴЊ (do brail sku meždu — «ϸЂϵЄϴϼϿАЅϾЂϽ
ЀϹϺϼ»). ϡЏЁϹБІЂЅ. (ЂϾ. 3 000 ϺϼІϹϿϹϽ) ϶ 15 ϾЀ ϾЅϹ϶ϹЄЇЂІϣЄϼϿϹЃϴ
(ϠϴϾϹϸЂЁϼГ) [Detelić, 2007, 65]. ϥЄ. ІϴϾϺϹЄЇЅ. — ЀϹЅІϹЋϾЂ϶ϖϼЁЁϼЊϾЂЀ
ЇϹϻϸϹϣЂϸЂϿАЅϾЂϽϷЇϵϹЄЁϼϼ (ЁЏЁϹϖϼЁЁϼЊϾϴГЂϵϿϴЅІА, ϧϾЄϴϼЁϴ), ЄϴЅЃЂϿϴϷϴ϶ЌϹϹЅГ
ЃЄϼЄϹϾϹϤЂ϶ϴϼЄЇЋАϹϕЄϴϷϴϼЁϴЅϹϿϹЁЁЂϹ϶ϾЂЁЊϹ XIX ϶. ЃЄϴ϶ЂЅϿϴ϶ЁЏЀϼ, ϾϴІЂϿϼ
-ϾϴЀϼϼϹ϶ЄϹГЀϼ [ϕЄЂϾϷϴЇϻ, 4 (8), 550]. ϥІЂϿАϺϹЁϹЀЁЂϷЂЋϼЅϿϹЁЁЏϴЁІЄЂЃЂЁϼЀЏ:
ЄЇЀ. Brăiloiu4, Ibrăileanu5, ϶ЂϻЁϼϾЌϹϹ, ЃЂЉЂϺϹ, ЁϹϵϹϻЂЅЀϴЁЅϾЂϷЂ϶ϿϼГЁϼГ, ϴІϴϾϺϹ
ϷЄϹЋ. 6, ЄЇЅ. 7. ϖБІЂЀЄГϸЇЀЂϺЁЂЃЄϼ϶ϹЅІϼІϴϾϺϹЈϴЀϼϿϼϼ
ІϼЃϴ , ЃЄϹϸЃЂϿЂϺϼІϹϿАЁЂ ϶ЂЅЉЂϸГЍϼϹ Ͼ ІЂЃЂЁϼЀЇ ϼ ϹϷЂ ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЁЏЀ (ЅЀ. ЄϴϻϸϹϿ 3.3). ϛϴϼЅϾϿВЋϹЁϼϹЀЈЂЄЀЏ Ibrăileanu, ϾЂІЂЄϴГ϶ЃЂϿЁϹЀЂϺϹІ϶ЂЅ
-ЉЂϸϼІАϾЄϴϻϷЂ϶ЂЄЁЂЀЇ϶ϴЄϼϴЁІЇІЇЄ. Cebrail, ЃЄϼ϶ϹϸϹЁЁЏϹϴЁІЄЂЃЂЁϼЀЏЅϾЂЄϹϹ
ІГϷЂІϹВІϾЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾЂЀЇϼЀϹЁϼ .
ϢЊϹЁϼ϶ϴГ϶ϹЅЂЀЂЅІАБІϼЀЂϿЂϷϼϽЄϴϻЁЏЉϴ϶ІЂЄЂ϶, ϷϼЃЂІϹϻЏϾЂІЂЄЏЉІϴϾϼϿϼ
ϼЁϴЋϹЂЃϼЄϴВІЅГЁϴЂϾϴϻϴ϶ЌϼϽЅГ϶ϼЉЃЂϿϹϻЄϹЁϼГГϻЏϾЂ϶ЂϽЀϴІϹЄϼϴϿ, ЅϿϹϸЇϹІ
ϼЀϹІА϶ ϶ϼϸЇЋІЂЃЂЅϿϹϸЁϼϽ, ЁϴЄГϸЇЅ ЁϹЅЂЀЁϹЁЁЏЀϼ ϼ ϻ Ђ Ϸ Ͽ Ђ Ѕ Ѕ ϴ Ѐ ϼ (ІϹЄ
-ЀϼЁ, ЃЂЁϼЀϴϹЀЏϽ ϶ϸϴЁЁЂЀ ЅϿЇЋϴϹ ІЄϴϸϼЊϼЂЁЁЂ — ϾϴϾ Єϴ϶ЁЂГϻЏЋϼϹ8), ЀЂϺϹІ
϶ϾϿВЋϴІАϼІϴϾЁϴϻЏ϶ϴϹЀЏϹ ϼ ϻ Ђ Ј Ђ Ё Џ, І. Ϲ. ЈЂЄЀЏ, ЂϸϼЁϴϾЂ϶ЏϹϼϿϼϵϿϼϻϾϼϹЃЂ
ϻ϶ЇЋϴЁϼВϼЁϴЃϼЅϴЁϼВ, ЁЂЁϹЅЂЃЂЅІϴ϶ϼЀЏϹЃЂЅϹЀϴЁІϼЋϹЅϾϼЀ, ϴЄϹϴϿАЁЏЀϼϿϼ
ЉЄЂЁЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼЀϾЄϼІϹЄϼГЀ. ϔЃЂЅϾЂϿАϾЇϼЀϹЁϴЅЂϵЅІ϶ϹЁЁЏϹЂϵЏЋЁЂϸϹЅϹЀϴЁ
-ІϼϻϼЄЇВІЅГϼ϶ЅϼϿЇЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϿАЁЂЅІϼГϻЏϾЂ϶ЂϷЂϻЁϴϾϴ, ϼϼϻ-ϻϴЃЄϼЁЊϼЃϼϴϿАЁЂϽ
3 ϖЈЂЄЀϹ ЀЂϺЁЂϿϼЌАЂІЀϹІϼІАЄϹϷЄϹЅЅϼ϶ЁЏϽЅϼЁϷϴЄЀЂЁϼϻЀϼЁϹϾЂІЂЄЏϽ «ϾЏЃЋϴϾ -ЅϾϼϽϴϾЊϹЁІ» — ϷϿЇЉЂϽ [p] ϶ϴЇЅϿϴЇІϹ϶ЀϹЅІЂϻ϶ЂЁϾЂϷЂ [b], ЉϴЄϴϾІϹЄЁЂϷЂϸϿГЄϹЋϼЂЅЀϴЁЊϹ϶-ЂϷЇϻЂ϶. 4ϥЄ.: C. Brăiloiu — ВЄϼЅІ, ЂЅЁЂ϶ϴ϶ЌϼϽ϶ 1859 Ϸ. ϷϴϻϹІЇ «Conservatorul progresist» <ϣЄЂϷЄϹЅЅϼ϶ -ЁЏϽϾЂЁЅϹЄ϶ϴІЂЄ> [Istoria, 638]; . (1893–1958) — ϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴІϹϿАЀЇϻЏϾϴϿАЁЂϷЂЈЂϿАϾϿЂЄϴ
ϼϾЂЀЃЂϻϼІЂЄ [Histoire, 495].
5ϥϴЀЏϽϼϻ϶ϹЅІЁЏϽЁЂЅϼІϹϿАБІЂϽЈϴЀϼϿϼϼ — ϿϼІϹЄϴІЇЄЁЏϽϾЄϼІϼϾϼЃϼЅϴІϹϿА .
(1871–1936). ϙϷЂЂІϹЊЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϸϼϿϼϻϴЄЀГЁЅϾЂϷЂЄЂϸϴ, ϸϴ϶ЁЂЇϾЂЄϹЁϼ϶ЌϹϷЂЅГ϶ϸЇЁϴϽЅϾϼЉϾЁГϺϹ
-ЅІ϶ϴЉ, ЂϸЁЂЈϴЀϼϿАЊЏϼϸϴϿАЁϼϹЄЂϸЅІ϶ϹЁЁϼϾϼЂІЀϹЋϹЁЏ϶ϨЂϾЌϴЁϴЉ, ϗϴϿϴЊϹ, ϕЇЉϴЄϹЅІϹ, ϦϹϾЇЋϹ [Istoria, 951; Piru, 1967, 12–13].
6ϡϴЃЄϼЀϹЄ, (ϣϹІЄϔЄЀϹЁϼ, ϞЂЄЈЇ, 1812–1884) — ϷЄϹЋϹЅϾϼϽЈϼϿЂЅЂЈϼϸϼЃϿЂЀϴІ [ЅЀ.: ϕЄЂϾϷϴЇϻ, 4, 540–550], ЃЂ-϶ϼϸϼЀЂЀЇ, ІЂϺϹϼЀϹ϶ЌϼϽϴЄЀГЁЅϾϼϹϾЂЄЁϼ.
7ϱІЇЈϴЀϼϿϼВЁЂЅϼϿ, ЁϴЃЄϼЀϹЄ, . . — БІЁЂϷЄϴЈϾЂЁЊϴ XIX – ЁϴЋϴϿϴ XX ϶., ЂϸϼЁϼϻЃϹЄ϶ЏЉϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴІϹϿϹϽЇϸБϷϹϽЊϹ϶. ϨϴЀϼϿϼГ, ϶ϹЄЂГІЁЂ, ЃЂϿАЅϾЂϷЂЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϺϸϹЁϼГ.
ϼ Ё ϸ ϼ ϶ ϼ ϸ Ё Ђ Ѕ І ϼ ЂЁϼЀϴ9, ϻϴϸϴЋϴЄϴϻϿϼЋϹЁϼГϼЅІϼЁЁЏЉϼϻЂϷϿЂЅЅϼЅϿЇЋϴϽЁЏЉ
ϼϻЂЈЂЁЂ϶Г϶ϿГϹІЅГϸЂЅІϴІЂЋЁЂЅϿЂϺЁЂϽ.
1.3. Ɋɚɧɧɢɟɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹɪɭɦ. Br ilaɢɤɪɚɬɤɢɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ϖ ЁϹϾЂІЂЄЏЉ ЄЇЀЏЁЅϾϼЉ ϼЅІЂЋЁϼϾϴЉ ЃϹЄ϶ЂϹЇЃЂЀϼЁϴЁϼϹ ЃЂЅϹϿϹЁϼГ
-ϸϴІϼЄЇϹІЅГ 1350 ϼϿϼ 1351 Ϸ. [Constantin, 2011, 52; Histoire, 73] (ЅЂ ЅЅЏϿϾЂϽ
ЁϴЁϹϾЂϹϼЅЃϴЁЅϾЂϹϷϹЂϷЄϴЈϼЋϹЅϾЂϹЂЃϼЅϴЁϼϹ). ϦϴϾϴГϸϴІϼЄЂ϶ϾϴЃЄϼЀϹЁϼІϹϿАЁЂ
ϾЄϴЅЅЀϴІЄϼ϶ϴϹЀЂЀЇ ЃЄϼϸЇЁϴϽЅϾЂЀЇ ЃЇЁϾІЇ ЀЂϷϿϴ ϵЏ ЃЂϾϴϻϴІАЅГ ЁϴЀϹЄϹЁЁЏЀ ЇϸЄϹ϶ЁϹЁϼϹЀ, ЂϸЁϴϾЂ 20 ГЁ϶ϴЄГ 1368 Ϸ. ϷЂЅЃЂϸϴЄА ϖϴϿϴЉϼϼϔϿϹϾЅϴЁϸЄ I, ЂЁϺϹ
ϖϿϴϽϾЇ-϶ЂϸБ, ϶ ϷЄϴЀЂІϹЁϴ ІЂЄϷЂ϶ЏϹ ЃЄϼ϶ϼϿϹϷϼϼ, ϶ЏϸϴЁЁЂϽϺϼІϹϿГЀ ϕЄϴЌЂ϶ϴ,
ЇЃЂЀϼЁϴϹІЇЅϼϿϹЁϼϹІЂЄϷЂ϶Ͽϼ «ЁϴЃЇІϼϾϕЄБϼϿϹ» [Histoire, 75]. ϖЂϽЅϾЂЅЇϿІϴЁϴ
ϠϹЉЀϹІϴ II 26 ϴЃЄϹϿГ 1462 Ϸ. ЃЂϸϺϼϷϴϹІϷЂЄЂϸ϶ЂІ϶ϹІЁϴЁϴЃϴϸϹЁϼϹϖϿϴϸϴϪϹЃϹ
-ЌϴЁϴІЇЄϹЊϾЇВ ϴЄЀϼВЃЂϸϙЁϼЅϴϿϹ (ВϺЁϴГϘЂϵЄЇϸϺϴ) [Ibid., 93]. ϖ ЅϹЁІГϵЄϹ 1539 Ϸ. ϕЄБϼϿϴϵЏϿϴЂϾϾЇЃϼЄЂ϶ϴЁϴІЇЄϾϴЀϼϼ϶ 1540 Ϸ. ЃϹЄϹЌϿϴЃЂϸВЄϼЅϸϼϾЊϼВ
ϢЅЀϴЁЅϾЂϽϼЀЃϹЄϼϼ; ϶ 1542 Ϸ. ЃЂЄІ ϕЄБϼϿϴϼ ЋϴЅІАЃЄϼЀЏϾϴВЍϹϽІϹЄЄϼІЂЄϼϼ
ϵЏϿϼЃЄϹЂϵЄϴϻЂ϶ϴЁЏ϶ЄϴϽВ10 [Ibid., 110]. ϖ 1574 Ϸ. ϷЂЄЂϸϵЏϿϻϴЉ϶ϴЋϹЁϼЅЂϺϺϹЁ
ЀЂϿϸϴ϶ЅϾϼЀϼϾϴϻϴЋАϼЀ϶ЂϽЅϾϴЀϼ, ϴ϶ГЁ϶ϴЄϹ 1595 Ϸ. ϼЀЁϹЁϴϸЂϿϷЂЂ϶ϿϴϸϹϿϼ϶ЂϽЅϾϴ
ϷЂЅЃЂϸϴЄГϖϴϿϴЉϼϼϠϼЉϴГϩЄϴϵЄЂϷЂ [Ibid., 115; Constantin, 2011, 52–53].
ϖ 1711 Ϸ. ІЇЄϹЊϾϴГϾЄϹЃЂЅІАϕЄϴϼϿЂ϶ (ϕЄБϼϿϴ) ЅϸϴϿϴЅАЄЇЅЅϾЂЀЇϾϴ϶ϴϿϹЄϼϽ
-ЅϾЂЀЇϾЂЄЃЇЅЇϷϹЁϹЄϴϿ-ϴЁЌϹЈϴϞ. ϱ. ЈЂЁϤϹЁЁϹ, ϴЃЂЅϿϹ ЃЂЄϴϺϹЁϼГ ϶ЂϽЅϾϣϹ
-ІЄϴ I ϶ϵϼІ϶ϹЇЅ. ϥІϴЁϼϿϹЌІА (8–9 ЅϹЁІГϵЄГ) ϼϻϴϾϿВЋϹЁϼГЃϹЄϹЀϼЄϼГ϶ϹЄЁЇϿϴЅА
ϾϣЂЄІϹ. ϖ 1777 Ϸ. ϾЄϹЃЂЅІАЁϹЇϸϴЋЁЂЌІЇЄЀЂ϶ϴϿЂ϶ЂϽЅϾЂЃЂϸЁϴЋϴϿЂЀϷϹЁϹЄϴϿϴ
ϔ. Ϝ. ϗϿϹϵЂ϶ϴ; ϶ 1809 Ϸ. ϹϹϷϴЄЁϼϻЂЁЂІϵϼϿϴІϴϾЇЄЇЅЅϾЂϽϴЄЀϼϼЃЂϸЁϴЋϴϿЂЀϷϹ
-ЁϹЄϴϿ-ЈϹϿАϸЀϴЄЌϴϿϴϔ. ϔ. ϣЄЂϻЂЄЂ϶ЅϾЂϷЂ, ЁЂϾϴЃϼІЇϿϼЄЂ϶ϴϿ϶ 1810 Ϸ., ϵЇϸЇЋϼ
ЂЅϴϺϸϹЁЁЏЀϾЂЄЃЇЅЂЀϷϹЁϹЄϴϿϴϣ. Ϟ. ϱЅЅϹЁϴ. ϣЂЅϿϹЃϹЄϹЀϼЄϼГϾЄϹЃЂЅІАЅЁЂ϶ϴ
϶ϹЄЁЇϿϼІЇЄϾϴЀ. ϖ 1828 Ϸ. ЂЁϴ϶ЂЋϹЄϹϸЁЂϽЄϴϻϵЏϿϴЂЅϴϺϸϹЁϴϾЂЄЃЇЅЂЀЃЂϸЁϴ
-ЋϴϿАЅІ϶ЂЀ ϶ϹϿϼϾЂϷЂ ϾЁГϻГϠϼЉϴϼϿϴ ϣϴ϶ϿЂ϶ϼЋϴ, ϼ 6 ϼВЁГϾЂЀϹЁϸϴЁІ ϾЄϹЃЂЅІϼ
ϥЇϿϹϽЀϴЁ-ЃϴЌϴϾϴЃϼІЇϿϼЄЂ϶ϴϿ. 2/14 ЅϹЁІГϵЄГ 1829 Ϸ. ϶ϔϸЄϼϴЁЂЃЂϿϹ (ЁЏЁϹϱϸϼЄ
-ЁϹ) ϵЏϿЃЂϸЃϼЅϴЁЀϼЄЁЏϽϸЂϷЂ϶ЂЄЀϹϺϸЇϤЂЅЅϼϽЅϾЂϽϼϢЅЀϴЁЅϾЂϽϼЀЃϹЄϼГЀϼ,
ЃЂϾЂІЂЄЂЀЇϕЄБϼϿϴЂІЂЌϿϴϾϤЇЀЏЁϼϼ [ϕЄЂϾϷϴЇϻ, 4 (8), 550].
9ϜЁϴЋϹϷЂ϶ЂЄГ, ϶ЅϼϿЇЇІЄϴІЏІЄϴϸϼЊϼЂЁЁЂϽ «ϾЂЁ϶ϹЁЊϼЂЁϴϿАЁЂЅІϼ», ЃЂЅІЂГЁЁЂЃЂϸϾЄϹЃϿГ -ВЍϹϽ϶ϸϴЁЁЂЀЅЂЊϼЇЀϹЅ϶ГϻАЀϹϺϸЇϿϼЁϷ϶ϼЅІϼЋϹЅϾϼЀϻЁϴϾЂЀϼϹϷЂϻЁϴЋϹЁϼϹЀ. ϖЅϿЇЋϴϹЁϴЄϼЊϴ
-ІϹϿАЁЂϽϿϹϾЅϼϾϼБІϴЅ϶ГϻАЃЂϸϸϹЄϺϼ϶ϴϹІЅГϼ϶ЉЂϺϸϹЁϼϹЀЅϿЂ϶ϴ϶ЂЃЄϹϸϹϿϹЁЁЏϹЃЂϿϹ϶ЏϹЅІЄЇϾІЇЄЏ ϿϹϾЅϼϾЂ-ЅϹЀϴЁІϼЋϹЅϾЂϷЂϼЅϼЁІϴϾЅϼϾЂ-ЅϹЀϴЁІϼЋϹЅϾЂϷЂЉϴЄϴϾІϹЄϴ. ϤϴϻЇЀϹϹІЅГ, ЂЁϼЀЏІЂϺϹЀЂϷЇІ
϶Ђ϶ϿϹϾϴІАЅГ϶ЅЂЂІ϶ϹІЅІ϶ЇВЍϼϹЅІЄЇϾІЇЄЏ϶ЅϼϿЇЅ϶ЂϹϷЂЈЂЁϹІϼЋϹЅϾЂϷЂЅЉЂϸЅІ϶ϴЅІϹЀϼϼϿϼϼЁЏЀϼ ϴЃϹϿϿГІϼ϶ϴЀϼ, ЁЂІϴϾЂϷЂЄЂϸϴ «Ѕ϶ГϻА» ЂЅІϴϹІЅГЅЇϷЇϵЂ϶ЁϹЌЁϹϽ: ЂЁϴϿϼЌϹЁϴЊϹЁЁЂЅІЁЂϷЂϴЅЃϹϾІϴ (ЃЂϨ. ϸϹϥЂЅЅВЄЇ) ϼЇЅϿЂϺЁГϹІ϶ЏГЅЁϹЁϼϹϼϻЁϴЋϴϿАЁЂϽ ЀЂІϼ϶ϴЊϼϼЅϿЂ϶ϴ — ϹϷЂБІϼЀЂϿЂϷϼϼ.
ϪϹЁЁЂЅІАЂЁЂЀϴЅІϼЋϹЅϾЂϽϿϹϾЅϼϾϼ, ϾϴϾЃЄϴ϶ϼϿЂ, ϶ІЂЄϼЋЁϴϼЂϵЇЅϿЂ϶ϿϹЁϴϾЇϿАІЇЄЁЂ-ϼЅІЂЄϼЋϹЅϾЂϽ
2.
ɗɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ
2.1. Ʉɟɥɶɬɫɤɚɹɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ
ϦЂЃЂЁϼЀ Braiola϶ϵϴЅЅϹϽЁϹЄ. ϦϼЀЂϾ [ЃЂϸЄЂϵЁϹϹЅЀ.: ϨϴϿϼϿϹϹ϶, 2012, 77–78;
Falileyev, 2013, 30–31] ЃЄϹϸЃЂϿЂϺϼІϹϿАЁЂ ЂІЂϺϸϹЅІ϶ϿГВІ Ѕ ЅϹϿϹЁϼϹЀ Vláole
[Popović, 1959, 110; ЅЄ.: Schramm, 1981, 408], ЋІЂЂЅЃϴЄϼ϶ϴϹІϔ. ϟЂЀϴ [Loma, 1991,
114]. ϖ. ϕϹЌϹ϶ϿϼϹ϶ЅЂЂІЁЂЅϼІІϼЀЂϾЅϾϼϽІЂЃЂЁϼЀЅЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼГЀϼBraiolumϼBraia vico, ЁϴЅІϴϼ϶ϴГЁϴϼЉϾϹϿАІЅϾЂЀЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϺϸϹЁϼϼ [Beševliev, 1970, 25; ЅЄ.: Duridanov, 1997, 134], ЂϸЁϴϾЂϸϴЁЁЏϹ, ϾЂІЂЄЏЀϼЂЃϹЄϼЄЇϹІϕϹЌϹ϶ϿϼϹ϶, ЁϹϵϹϻЇЃЄϹЋЁЏ. ϕϿϼ
-ϺϴϽЌϹϽЃϴЄϴϿϿϹϿАВϾBraiolaГ϶ϿГϹІЅГ, ЄϴϻЇЀϹϹІЅГ, Braiolum, ЉЂІГϔ. ϩЂϿϸϹЄЁϹ
ЃЄϼ϶ЂϸϼІϸϿГЃЂЅϿϹϸЁϹϷЂЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼГЁϼϾϴϾϼЉЄϴЁЁϼЉϴІІϹЅІϴЊϼϽ, ЃЄЂЅІЂЇІ϶ϹЄϺϸϴГ,
ЋІЂІϴϾϼЀϹЁЂ϶ϴϿЂЅАЅЂ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЁЂϹBrou [Holder, 3, 924], ϴЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼϹBraia vico ϻϴЅ϶ϼ
-ϸϹІϹϿАЅІ϶Ђ϶ϴЁЂϿϼЌАϹϸϼЁЂϺϸЏϾϴϾϿϹϷϹЁϸϴЁϴЀЂЁϹІϹ [Holder, 1, 511]. ϦЂϿАϾЂЂϸЁЂ
ϼϻІЄϹЉЇЃЂЀϼЁϴЁϼϽЂЁϼЀϴBraiacum [Ibid.] ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϼЄЂ϶ϴЁЂ ϶ЅЄϹϸЁϹ϶ϹϾЂ϶ЏЉ
ϼЅІЂЋЁϼϾϴЉ; ІЂЃЂЁϼЀϺϹvilla BraiceЁϹЂϵЁϴЄЇϺϼ϶ϴϹІЁϼϴЁІϼЋЁЏЉ, ЁϼЅЄϹϸЁϹ϶Ϲ
-ϾЂ϶ЏЉϴІІϹЅІϴЊϼϽ. ϦϹЀЁϹЀϹЁϹϹЂІЂϺϸϹЅІ϶ϿϹЁϼϹBraiacumϼЅЂ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЁЂϷЂBrou
ЀЂϺϹІЂϾϴϻϴІАЅГϾЂЄЄϹϾІЁЏЀ11. ϔ. ϩЂϿϸϹЄ϶Ђϻ϶ЂϸϼІ ІЂЃЂЁϼЀ Ͼ *Bragiacum ЃЄϼ «ϿϹЁϼЊϼϼ»12-g- > -i-, ЂϵЁϴЄЇϺϼ϶ϴВЍϹϽЅЂЂІ϶ϹІЅІ϶ϼГЃЂ϶ЅϹЀϹЅІЁЂ. ϖБІЂЀЅϿЇЋϴϹ
ϻϴЈЂЄЀЂϽϣЄЂϾЂЃϼГBra…ola ЀЂϷϿЂϵЏЅІЂГІА *BragiolaϼϿϼBragola.
ϔ. ϟЂЀϴЃЂϿϴϷϴϹІ, ЋІЂϼЅЉЂϸЁϴГЈЂЄЀϴЀЂϷϿϴϵЏ϶ϾϿВЋϴІАϼϻ϶ϹЅІЁЂϹϷϴϿϿАЅϾ. *brog- [Loma, 1991, 114]13. ϡϹЅЂЀЁϹЁЁЂ, ϶ЃЂϻϸЁϹЀϷϴϿϿАЅϾЂЀ-i-ЀЂϺϹІЅЂЂІ϶ϹІ
-ЅІ϶Ђ϶ϴІАϵЂϿϹϹЄϴЁЁϹЀЇ-g-, ЁЂ϶Ђϻ϶ЂϸϼІАBraiolaϾϷϴϿϿАЅϾ. *brog-ЁϹЃЂϻ϶ЂϿГϹІ
϶ЂϾϴϿАЁϴГЅІЄЇϾІЇЄϴЅЂЃЂЅІϴ϶ϿГϹЀЏЉЈЂЄЀ, ЃЂЅϾЂϿАϾЇЃϹЄϹЉЂϸ > ϶ϷϴϿϿАЅϾЂЀ
ϾЄϴϽЁϹЄϹϸЂϾ [Evans, 1967, 391]. ϖЅЂЅІϴ϶ϿϹЁЁЂЀϘ. ϱ϶ϴЁЅЂЀЅЃϼЅϾϹϷϴϿϿАЅϾϼЉ
ϼЀϹЁЁϴ *brog- [Ibid., 158–161] ЂϷϿϴЅЂ϶Ͼϴ- -ЁϹϻϴЅ϶ϼϸϹІϹϿАЅІ϶Ђ϶ϴЁϴ. ϡϼЂϸЁЂϷЂ
ϼЀϹЁϼЁϴ *br g-ЁϹ ЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶ϿϹЁЂϼ ϶ϾЂЀЃϹЁϸϼЇЀϹ ϘϹϿϴЀϴЄϴ [DLG, 2007, 47].
ϡЂ϶ЅϹϺϹ, ЃЂЅϾЂϿАϾЇЄϹЋАϼϸϹІЂЃЂϻϸЁϹЀϼϹϸϼЁϼЋЁЂЀЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼϼ, ЅϿϹϸЇϹІЇЋϼІЏ
-϶ϴІА, ЋІЂЂЁЂЀЂϷϿЂϵЏІАϼЅϾϴϺϹЁЂ, ЃЂБІЂЀЇϹϷЂϾϹϿАІЅϾЂϹЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϺϸϹЁϼϹЁϹϿАϻГ
ϼЅϾϿВЋϴІАϾϴІϹϷЂЄϼЋϹЅϾϼ. ϣЂЁГІЁЂ, ЋІЂЃЄϼБІЂЀϸЂЃЇЅІϼЀЏϼϼЁЏϹϾϹϿАІЅϾϼϹ
БІϼЀЂϿЂϷϼϼ — ЅЄ., ЁϴЃЄϼЀϹЄ, ЃЂϻϸЁϹϹϼ.-Ϲ. *bhreg- [LIV, 91; IEW, 163, 165], ЉЂІГ
ЂІЅЇІЅІ϶ϼϹϸЂЅІЂ϶ϹЄЁЏЉϴЁϴϿЂϷϼϽϸϹϿϴϹІЃЂϸЂϵЁЂϹϸЂЃЇЍϹЁϼϹЀϴϿЂ϶ϹЄЂГІЁЏЀ.
11ϡϹГЅЁЂ, ϾϴϾЅЁϼЀϼЅЂЂІЁЂЅϼІЅГBraiolum, ЁЂЂІЅЇІЅІ϶ϼϹϴІІϹЅІϴЊϼϽϸϹϿϴϹІϿВϵЏϹϸЂЃЇЍϹЁϼГ ЁϴБІЇІϹЀЇЇЀЂϻЄϼІϹϿАЁЏЀϼ.
12ϖϾϹϿАІЅϾЂϽЈϼϿЂϿЂϷϼϼІϴϾЁϴϻЏ϶ϴВІЂЅϿϴϵϿϹЁϼϹϴЄІϼϾЇϿГЊϼϼ, ЋІЂЃЄϼ϶ЂϸϼІϾЃϴϿϴІϴϿϼϻϴЊϼϼ ЅЂϷϿϴЅЁЂϷЂϼϸϴϿАЁϹϽЌϹϽϹϷЂ϶ЂϾϴϿϼϻϴЊϼϼ.
13ϔ. ϟЂЀϴЄϴЅЅЀϴІЄϼ϶ϴϹІІϴϾϺϹЃЂϻϸЁϹϹϷϴϿϿАЅϾЂϹbreialo [ЅЀ.: Toorians, 2008, 175; Blom, 2011,
175]. ϖЅ϶ГϻϼЅ *brog-ЅЀ. [DLG, 91; DCC, 12]; ϸϿГ *kom-brog- > Cymru ‘ϧБϿАЅ’ ЅЀ. [Zimmer, 2007].
ϢϿϴІϼЁϼϻϼЄЂ϶ϴЁЁЂϽЈЂЄЀϹCambrianusЅЀ. [Wilkes, 1969, 172; 1992, 84], ϷϸϹЂЁϴЄϴЅЅЀϴІЄϼ϶ϴϹІЅГ
϶ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϹϾϹϿАІЅϾЂϽ. ϥЀ. ІϴϾϺϹЄϴϵЂІЇ [Alföldy, 1969, 168–170], ϶ϾЂІЂЄЂϽЃЄϼ϶ЂϸГІЅГϼϸЄЇϷϼϹ
ϥЅЏϿϾЇЁϴЂϵЍϹϹϾϹϿАІ. *brag-(y)o- ‘ЃЇϾϴЁϼϹ’ [Matasović , 2009, 73] ЃЄϼЀϹЁϼІϹϿАЁЂ
ϾІЂЃЂЁϼЀϼϼ϶ЄГϸϿϼЀЂϺЁЂЅЋϼІϴІАЇϸϴЋЁЂϽ.
ϢϵЅЇϺϸϴϹЀЏϽІЂЃЂЁϼЀϵЏϿЅЃЂЅЂϵϹЁЂЋϹЁАЅϼϿАЁЂϼЅϾϴϻϼІАЅГ: ϶ϼЅЉЂϸЁЂЀ
϶ϴЄϼϴЁІϹЂЁЀЂϷЅЂϸϹЄϺϴІА, ЁϴЃЄϼЀϹЄ, ЌϼЄЂϾЂЄϴЅЃЄЂЅІЄϴЁϹЁЁЏϽϷϴϿϿАЅϾϼϽІЂЃЂ
-ЈЂЄЀϴЁІ-ialo- [ЂЁϹЀЅЀ.: Sims-Williams, 2005]. ϢІЀϹІϼЀ, ЋІЂϖ. ϦЂЀϴЌϹϾЅЋϼІϴϹІ
ϹϷЂϼЅϾЂЁЁЏЀ, ЅЄϴ϶Ёϼ϶ϴГ϶ІЂЄЂϽБϿϹЀϹЁІІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴЅЈϼЁϴϿАВЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼГVindimiola,
ϾЂІЂЄЂϹ, ϶Ѕ϶ЂВЂЋϹЄϹϸА, ϸЂЃЇЅϾϴϹІЄϴϻϿϼЋЁЇВЅϹϷЀϹЁІϴЊϼВ [Tomaschek, 1894,
62; ЅЄ.: ϕϹЌϹ϶ϿϼϹ϶, 1955, 301 — ЂϿϴІϼЁЅϾЂЀϼЅІЂЋЁϼϾϹЃЂЅϿϹϸЁϹϷЂІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ].
ϨϼЁϴϿА-olaЄϴЅЅЀϴІЄϼ϶ϴϿϴЅАϾϴϾІϼЃϼЋЁϴГϸϿГЈЄϴϾϼϽЅϾЂϽІЂЃЂЁϼЀϼϼ [Popović, 1959, 110], ЉЂІГБІЂϼЁϹ϶ЃЂϿЁϹЂЋϹ϶ϼϸЁЂ: ЅЄ. ϴЁϴϿϼϻІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴArgentiolum (ЂϵЍϼ
-ЁϴϥϴЁ-ϠϼϷϹϿА, ϠϼЁГЀϵЄϹЅ, ϜЅЃϴЁϼГ), ϾЂІЂЄЏϽ, ЃЂЉЂϺϹ, ЁϹГ϶ϿГϹІЅГϾϹϿАІЅϾϼЀ
ЃЂЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϺϸϹЁϼВ [DCC, 55].
ϦϴϾϼЀЂϵЄϴϻЂЀ, ЀЂϺЁЂϻϴϾϿВЋϼІА, ЋІЂϾϹϿАІЅϾЂϹЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϺϸϹЁϼϹІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ
BraiolaЀϴϿЂ϶ϹЄЂГІЁЂ.
2.2. Ƚɢɩɨɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ
ϢІЀϹЋϹЁЁЏϹ ϶ЏЌϹ ЂЁЂЀϴЅІϼЋϹЅϾϼϹ ϼϻЂϷϿЂЅЅЏ14ЃЂϻ϶ЂϿГВІ ϸЂЃЇЅІϼІА, ЋІЂ
ЂЅЁЂ϶ϴbrail-/brəil-ЄϴЅЅЀϴІЄϼ϶ϴϹЀЂϷЂІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ϶ЂЅЉЂϸϼІϿϼϵЂϾϷϼϸЄЂЁϼЀЇ, ЋІЂ
ЀϴϿЂ϶ϹЄЂГІЁЂЃЄϼЂϷϿГϸϾϹЁϴ ϹϸϼЁЅІ϶ϹЁЁЏϽЅϿЇЋϴϽ, ϸЂЃЇЅϾϴВЍϼϽІϴϾЂϷЂЄЂϸϴ
Ѕ϶ГϻА, ϿϼϵЂϾϴЁІЄЂЃЂЁϼЀЇ. ϣЂЅϿϹϸЁГГ϶ЂϻЀЂϺЁЂЅІАϵЂϿϹϹЃЄϼϹЀϿϹЀϴ, ϹЅϿϼЅЋϼ
-ІϴІАЅГЅϷϹЂϷЄϴЈϼЋϹЅϾϼЀ «ЄϴϻϵЄЂЅЂЀ» ЃЄϹϸЃЂϿЂϺϼІϹϿАЁЏЉϴЁІЄЂЃЂІЂЃЂЁϼЀЂ϶.
2.2.1. Ƚɢɞɪɨɧɢɦ — Ёϴϻ϶ϴЁϼϹЄЇЋАГ, ϶ЃЂϿЁϹЅЂЂІЁЂЅϼЀЂϹЅЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼϹЀ
ЀϹЅІϹЋϾϴ . ϖІϴϾЂЀЅϿЇЋϴϹЂЅЁЂ϶ϴbrag-, ЃЇЅІАϼЁϹЅϾЂϿАϾЂЈЂЄЀϴϿАЁЂ,
ЂϾϴϻЏ϶ϴϹІЅГЃЂϸϾϿВЋϹЁЁЂϽϾЄϴЅЅЀϴІЄϼ϶ϴϹЀЂЀЇЄГϸЇϼϻЂϷϿЂЅЅ. ϣЄϼБІЂЀЂЋϹ϶ϼϸЁϴ
ϽЂІϼϻϴЊϼГϼЁІϹЄ϶ЂϾϴϿАЁЂϷЂ-g-: ЅЄ., ЁϴЃЄϼЀϹЄ, ЈϴЀϼϿϼВ , ЅЂЃЂЅІϴ
-϶ϼЀЇВЅ (ЅЀ. ЄϴϻϸϹϿ 1.2). ϕϿϼϺϴϽЌϼϽϾБІЂϽЂЅЁЂ϶ϹϴЃϹϿϿГІϼ϶ —
ЄЇЅ., ЇϾЄ., ϵϿЄ. á ‘ϺϼϸϾЂϹЃϼ϶Ђ’ (> ЃЂϿАЅϾ. braha), ϸЄ.-ЄЇЅ. (ЂϾ. 1472 Ϸ.
ЇϔЈϴЁϴЅϼГϡϼϾϼІϼЁϴ) — ЁϹϾЂІЂЄЂϹ϶ЄϹЀГЅЋϼІϴϿЅГϾϹϿАІϼϻЀЂЀ (ЃЄϼϼЄϿ. braich
‘ЅЂϿЂϸ’, ϾϼЀЄ. brag ‘ІЂ ϺϹ’), ЂϸЁϴϾЂ ϿЂϾϴϿϼϻϴЊϼГ ЅϿЂ϶ϴ ϶ ϶ЂЅІЂЋЁЂЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾЂЀ
ϴЄϹϴϿϹЃЄϼ϶ϹϿϴϾЃЂϼЅϾЇϹϷЂІВЄϾЅϾϼЉϾЂЄЁϹϽϼЅϵϿϼϺϹЁϼВЅЋЇ϶ϴЌ. pεraGa ‘϶Џ
-ϺϼЀϾϼ’, ЃϹЄ϶ЂЁϴЋϴϿАЁЂ ‘ϺϼϸϾЂϹЃϼ϶Ђ, ϵЄϴϷϴ’ > * > ; ЋЇ϶ϴЌЅϾЇВϺϹ
ЈЂЄЀЇЅЄϴ϶Ёϼ϶ϴВІЅІϴІ., ІϴІ.-ІЂϵЂϿ. boza ‘ϵЇϻϴ, ϺϼϸϾЂϹЃϼ϶Ђ’ [ϨϴЅЀϹЄ, 1, 205]15.
ϣЄϼБІЂЀЁϹІЇ϶ϹЄϹЁЁЂЅІϼ϶ІЂЀ, ЋІЂЋЇ϶ϴЌЅϾϴГ, ІϴІϴЄЅϾϴГϼІЂϵЂϿАЅϾЂ-ІϴІϴЄЅϾϴГ
ЈЂЄЀЏ, ϶Ѕ϶ЂВЂЋϹЄϹϸА, ЁϹГ϶ϿГВІЅГϻϴϼЀЅІ϶Ђ϶ϴЁϼГЀϼϼϻЄЇЅЅϾЂϷЂГϻЏϾϴ. ϙЅϿϼ
ϼЅϾϴІАІВЄϾЅϾϼϽ БІϼЀЂЁ Ͼ϶ЂЅІ.-ЅϿϴ϶. brag-, ІЂ ЅϹЀϴЁІϼЋϹЅϾϼ ϵЂϿϹϹ ЁϴϸϹϺЁЂϽ
14ϔ϶ІЂЄЁϹЅІЄϹЀϼϿЅГϾϼЅЋϹЄЃЏ϶ϴВЍϹЀЇϼЉЃϹЄϹЋϼЅϿϹЁϼВ.
15Ϡ. ϨϴЅЀϹЄЂІЀϹЋϴϹІ, ЋІЂϾϹϿАІЅϾЂϹЅϿЂ϶ЂϸϴϺϹЅЋϼІϴϿЂЅАЂЃЂЅЄϹϸЂ϶ϴЁЁЏЀЄЇЀ. *bragă, ЋІЂ ЃЄЂІϼ϶ЂЄϹЋϼІЁϴЃЄϴ϶ϿϹЁϼВϻϴϼЀЅІ϶Ђ϶ϴЁϼϽЀϹϺϸЇ ЄЇЀЏЁЅϾϼЀϼ ϶ЂЅІЂЋЁЂЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾϼЀϴЄϹϴϿϴЀϼ
ϸϿГ ϷϼϸЄЂЁϼЀϴ ЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶ϿГϹІЅГ ЄϴЅЃЄЂЅІЄϴЁϹЁЁϴГ ϶ ІВЄϾЅϾϼЉ ГϻЏϾϴЉ ЂЅЁЂ϶ϴ
- (bur-), ЅЄ.: ІЇЄ., ϷϴϷϴЇϻ., ϵϴЌϾ. ‘ϾЄЇІϼІА’, ϾϴϻϴЁ. ‘ϾЄЇϺϼІАЅГ’, ІЇЄϾЀ., ІЇЄ.,
ЁЂϷϴϽЅϾ., ϵϴЌϾ. ‘ЃЂ϶ЂЄϴЋϼ϶ϴІА’, ІЇЄ. ϸϼϴϿ. ‘ϾЄЇІϼІАЅГ’ ϼ ϸЄ. [ϱϥϦϳ, 264–265].
ϥЄ. ІϴϾϺϹ Г϶ЁЂЃϹЄϹЅϹϾϴВЍϼϹЅГ Ѕ БІϼЀЄГϸЂЀϻЁϴЋϹЁϼГІВЄϾЅϾЂϽЂЅЁЂ϶Џ (bır)16: ϾϼЄϷ., ЉϴϾϴЅ. ‘ЀϹϿϾϴГЃЏϿА’, ІЇ϶ϼЁ. ‘ϾЂЃЂІА’, ІϴІ.-ІЂϵЂϿ. ‘ЅϴϺϴ’, ЁЂІϴϾϺϹ
ГϾЇІ. ‘ϸЏЀ, ЃϴЄ’ ϼϸϴϺϹ ‘ϸЏЀ, ϺϼϿϴГВЄІϴ’ [ϦϴЀϺϹ, 306–307]. ϥЄϹϸϼϷϿϴϷЂϿАЁЏЉ
ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЁЏЉБІЂϽЂЅЁЂ϶Џ — ІЇЄϾЀ. ‘ϾϿЇϵϼІАЅГ (ЂϸЏЀϹ)’, ЃϹЄϹЁ. ‘ЃϿЂЉЂ
ЃϴЉЁЇІА’ [ϦϴЀϺϹ, 307].
2.2.2. Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦ . ϖϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϹϸЂЃЇЅІϼЀЂϷЂЅЂЂІ϶ϹІЅІ϶ϼГϾϼЀϹЁϼ
ЅЂϵЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂЀЇ, ЃЄϹϸЃЂϿЂϺϼІϹϿАЁЂϿϹϺϴЍϹЀЇ϶ЂЅЁЂ϶ϹІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ , ЀЂϺЁЂ
ЃЄϼ϶ϹЅІϼ, ЁϴЃЄϼЀϹЄ, ЄЇЀ. brai (1913) < ЇϾЄ. (sic!)17, ϼϻ϶ϹЅІЁЂϹ϶ϻЁϴЋϹЁϼГЉ ‘ЃϹЅІ (ϸϹЄϹ϶ГЁЁЏϽ ϾЄЇϷϿЏϽ, ϸϿϼЁЂϽϵЂϿϹϹ ЀϹІЄϴϼ ЌϼЄϼЁЂϽЅ ϿϴϸЂЁА, ЂϵЏЋЁЂ
ЅЁϴЅϹЋϾϴЀϼЃЂ϶ϹЄЉЁϹЀЇϾЄϴВ, ϾЂІЂЄЏЀІЂϿϾЇІϵЄЏЁϻЇ϶ЅЏЄЂ϶ϴЄЁϹ)’ (ϠЂϿϸЂ϶ϴ,
ϕЇϾЂ϶ϼЁϴ) ϼ ‘ϵЄЇЅ (ЀϹІϴϿϿϼЋϹЅϾϼϽЀϹϿАЁϼЋЁЏϽϸϿГЇЃϿЂІЁϹЁϼГЀЇϾϼ϶ЀϹЌϾϴЉ)’ [MDA,1, 240]. ϱІϼЀЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼϽ ЅϿЂ϶ϴЄАϔ. ϫЂЄБЁϹЅϾЇЇІЂЋЁГϹІ: brai n. (ϠЂϿ
-ϸЂ϶ϴ, ϕЇϾЂ϶ϼЁϴ) ‘ЃϹЅІϸϹЄϹ϶ГЁЁЏϽ’ < ЇϾЄ. brai (sic!) [Cioranescu, 1966, № 1073].
ϖ [ϱϥϥϳ] ЈЂЄЀ, ЅϾЂϿА-ϿϼϵЂ ϵϿϼϻϾϼЉ Ͼ ЇϾϴϻϴЁЁЂЀЇ ЄЇЀЏЁЅϾЂЀЇ ϴЃϹϿϿГІϼ϶Ї,
ЁϹЂϵЁϴЄЇϺϼ϶ϴϹІЅГ. ϣЄϼЇϾЄ. ‘ІЂ϶ϾϴЋ (ϸϿГ ϻϵϼ϶ϴЁЁГϵЄϼЁϻϼ)’ (І. Ϲ. ‘ЃϹЅІ’)
ЃЂϸЋϹЄϾϼ϶ϴϹІЅГ, ЋІЂЉϴЄϴϾІϹЄГ϶ЁЂϽЅ϶ГϻϼЅЄЇЀ. brai(u) (sic!) ЁϹГЅϹЁ [ϙϥϧϠ, 1,
243 — ЅЂЅЅЏϿϾЂϽЁϴϞЄϴ϶ЋЇϾ, 1968, 128]. ϥЇϸГЃЂЂІЅЇІЅІ϶ϼВϸЄЇϷϼЉϼЅІЂЋЁϼ
-ϾЂ϶, ЅϿЂ϶ЂЀϴϿЂЇЃЂІЄϹϵϼІϹϿАЁЂ, ϼЃЄϹϸЃЂϿϴϷϴϹІЅГϹϷЂϵϿϼϻЂЅІАϾЃЂϿАЅϾ. braja <
ЁϹЀ. Brei ‘ϾϴЌϴ; ЃЄЂІϹЄІϴГЀϴЅЅϴ’ + Brühe ‘ЃЂЉϿϹϵϾϴ; ϵЇЄϸϴ; ϺϼϺϴ; ϺϼϸϾϴГϾЄϴЅϾϴ’ [Brückner, 1970, 38]. ϡϹЀϹЊϾϼϽϼЅІЂЋЁϼϾЃЂϿАЅϾЂϷЂЅϿЂ϶ϴ϶ЅϹϺϹЁϹЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶ϿГ
-ϹІЅГЇϵϹϸϼІϹϿАЁЏЀ.
ϘЄЇϷЇВ ϷЄЇЃЃЇ ϼϻЂϷϿЂЅЅЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶ϿГϹІ, ЁϴЃЄϼЀϹЄ, ϵЂϿϷ. ‘ІϴЀЇЅ ЂϵЏϾ
-ЁЂ϶ϹЁЁЏϽ (Tamus communis)’, ‘ϵϹϿϿϴϸЂЁЁϴ (Atropa belladona)’, ‘ϵЄϼЂЁϼГϵϹϿϴГ (Bryonia alba)’ < ЃЄϴЅϿϴ϶. (?) *br j < ϼ.-Ϲ. *b(h)ru-jo-s = ϷЄϹЋ. «ЃϹϿϴЅϷ.» ίλτοθ ‘ЀЂЉ’, ίλυσ δμ ‘ЀЌϼЅІЏϽ’, ίλυσθβ, ίλυυθβ, ίλυωθέα ‘ЋϹЄЁЏϽϼϿϼϵϹϿЏϽ϶ϼЁЂϷЄϴϸ (ЅЂЄІϿЂϻЏ)’, ϵЂϿϷ. > ЄЇЀ. brei ‘ЃЄЂϿϹЅϾϴЀЁЂϷЂϿϹІЁГГ (Mercurialis perennis)’,
brein18 ‘ЀЂЉЁϴϸϹЄϹ϶Ϲ’; ϸЂЃЇЅϾϴϹІЅГІϴϾϺϹЃЄϴЅϿϴ϶. *br j ← *br j [ϕϙϤ, 1, 76].
ϣЂЅϾЂϿАϾЇ϶ϸЄЇϷϼЉЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾϼЉГϻЏϾϴЉЅϿЂ϶ЂЁϹЂІЀϹЋϹЁЂ, ЃЄϹϸЃЂϿϴϷϴϹІЅГ, ЋІЂ
ЂЁЂЀЂϺϹІϵЏІАЈЄϴϾϼϽЅϾϼЀ [ϦϴЀϺϹ]. ϔЃЂЅϾЂϿАϾЇЅЂЂІ϶ϹІЅІ϶ЇВЍϹϹЄϴЅІϹЁϼϹ
ЅЂϸϹЄϺϼІ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶Ђ, ЄϴϻϸЄϴϺϴВЍϹϹ ϾЂϺЇ, ϥІ. ϠϿϴϸϹЁЂ϶ ЅЂЂІЁЂЅϼІ ϵЂϿϷ.
ЅϸϼϴϿ. = ϵЂϿϷ. ϿϼІ. ‘ϵЄϼІА’ [ϠϿϴϸϹЁЂ϶, 1941, 44; ЅЄ.: ϕϙϤ, 1, 79]. ϤЇЀ.
ЄϹϷ. brei m. (1879–1883) ϼЀϹϹІ ЅϿϹϸЇВЍϼϹ ϻЁϴЋϹЁϼГ: 1) ‘ІЄϴ϶ГЁϼЅІЂϹЄϴЅІϹЁϼϹ
16ϱ. ϖ. ϥϹ϶ЂЄІГЁЂІЀϹЋϴϹІЄϹϴϿАЁЂЅІАЂϸЁЂЅϿЂϺЁЂϽϷϿϴϷЂϿАЁЂ-ϼЀϹЁЁЂϽЃϴЄЏ ~ * ‘ЃЏϿА; ϸЏЀ’ ϼ * - ‘ϾϿЇϵϼІАЅГ (ЂϸЏЀϹ, ЃЏϿϼ)’ [ϱϥϦϳ, 306–307].
ЅϻϹϿϹЁЂ϶ϴІЏЀϼ Њ϶ϹІϾϴЀϼ’; 2) ‘ЃЄЂϿϹЅЁϼϾ (ЂϸЁЂϿϹІЁϼϽ)’ (< ?), ϶ϴЄϼϴЁІЏ: brấ ie,
bríe, bríu19, ϶ЅЂЅІϴ϶ϹϾЂЀЃЂϻϼІϴbrei-de-cấ mp ‘ЃЄЂϿϹЅЁϼϾЂϸЁЂϿϹІЁϼϽ’; 3) ‘ЃЄЂϿϹЅϾϴ
ЀЁЂϷЂϿϹІЁГГ’, ϾЂЀЃЂϻϼІЏbrei-de-pădúre, brei-de-pămấ nt — ЅІϹЀϼϺϹϻЁϴЋϹЁϼГЀϼ [MDA, 1, 244]. ϥЄ. ЄЇЀ. bríu m. (϶ϴЄϼϴЁІbréi < ϵЂϿϷ. brei) — 1) ‘ЃЄЂϿϹЅϾϴЀЁЂϷЂ
-ϿϹІЁГГ (Mercurialis perennis)’; 2) ‘ЃЄЂϿϹЅЁϼϾЂϸЁЂϿϹІЁϼϽ (Mercurialis annua)’ [DEX,
112; ЅЄ.: Mitu, 2001, 204–205]20.
ϕЂІϴЁϼЋϹЅϾϴГ ЁЂЀϹЁϾϿϴІЇЄϴ ЃЂ-Ѕ϶ЂϹЀЇ ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿАЁϴ Ёϴ ЈЂЁϹ ІϴϾϼЉ ЅϿЂ
-϶ЂЇЃЂІЄϹϵϿϹЁϼϽ, ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЁЏЉ ЂІ ІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ, ϾϴϾ ЄЇЀ. ЄϹϷ. brăileană ‘ЄϴЅІϹЁϼϹ,
ϾЂІЂЄЂϹЄϴЅІϹІЁϴЅϾϿЂЁϴЉϷЂЄϼЇЃЂІЄϹϵϿГϹІЅГ϶ЁϴЄЂϸЁЂϽЀϹϸϼЊϼЁϹ’, brăileancă
‘ϸϹЄϵϹЁЁϼϾϼ϶ЂϿϼЅІЁЏϽ, ЃϿϴϾЇЁ-ІЄϴ϶ϴ (Lythrum salciaria)’, ‘ЌϴϿЈϹϽϿϹЅЁЂϽ (Salvia
nemorosa)’. ϤϴϻЇЀϹϹІЅГ, ЃЂ ЁϹЃЄϹϸЅϾϴϻЇϹЀЏЀ ϻϴϾЂЁЂЀϹЄЁЂЅІГЀ ЁϴЄЂϸЁЂϽ БІϼ
-ЀЂϿЂϷϼϼЁϹϼЅϾϿВЋϹЁϴϾЂЁІϴЀϼЁϴЊϼГЄЇЀ. brei (brấ ie, brie, briu) ϼЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЁЏЉ
ЈЂЄЀϼЁІϹЄϹЅЇВЍϹϷЂ ЁϴЅ ІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ. ϢϸЁϴϾЂ϶ЄГϸ ϿϼЀЂІϼ϶ϴЊϼГϼЅЉЂϸЁЂϷЂ ϸϿГ
ЂϽϾЂЁϼЀϴ ϴЁІЄЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ (ϼϿϼ ЁϴЃЄГЀЇВІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ) Ѕ϶ГϻϴЁϴ Ѕ Ёϴϻ϶ϴЁϼϹЀ
ЄϴЅІϹЁϼГ, ϾЂІЂЄЂϹЁϹЂЋϹЁАЇЃЂІЄϹϵϼІϹϿАЁЂ.
ϦϼЃЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼϸϿГϼЀϹЁϼЅЂϵЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂϷЂЅϾЂЄϹϹЀЂϺЁЂϵЏϿЂϵЏЂϺϼϸϴІАϻЂЂ
-ЀЂЄЈЁЇВϴЅЅЂЊϼϴЊϼВϼϿϼЁЂЀϼЁϴЊϼВЃЂЅЂЀϴІϼЋϹЅϾϼЀЃЄϼϻЁϴϾϴЀ (ЁϴЃЄϼЀϹЄ,
ЃЄЂϻ϶ϼЍϹ ЂІ ІЂϷЂϺϹ Ёϴϻ϶ϴЁϼГЃϹЅІϴ ϾϴϾЁϴЀϹϾ Ёϴ ЉЇϸЂϵЇ ϼϿϼ ϸϿϼЁЁЏϽ ЄЂЅІ),
ЃЂЃЄЂЈϹЅЅϼЂЁϴϿАЁЂϽϸϹГІϹϿАЁЂЅІϼϼІ. Ѓ.
3.
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ
ɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɹ
3.1. Ɍɢɩɬɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɢɟɝɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ϣЂЀЂЄЈЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾЂЀЇЅІЄЂϹЁϼВϼ϶ЁЇІЄϹЁЁϹϽЈЂЄЀϹЄЇЀ. BrăilaЅЂЂІЁЂЅϼЀЂ
ЅІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴЀϼЅϿϹϸЇВЍϼЉІϼЃЂ϶.
1 .ϔЁІЄЂЃЂІЂЃЂЁϼЀЏ, ϶ЂЅЉЂϸГЍϼϹϾϵϼϵϿϹϽЅϾϼЀϼЀϹЁϴЀϼ, ЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴІϹϿАЁЂ,
ЂЃЂЅЄϹϸЂ϶ϴЁЁЏϹЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾЂϽЄϹЋАВ, ЅЄ.: Dănăila (ϕϴϾБЇ)21, Monaila (ϔϿАϵϴ), Rafaila (ϖϴЅϿЇϽ), Sămăila (ϔЄϸϺϹЌ).
1 . ϔЁІЄЂЃЂІЂЃЂЁϼЀЏ ϵЂϿϹϹ ЁЂ϶ЂϷЂ ϼ ϵЂϿϹϹ ϴϸϴЃІϼЄЂ϶ϴЁЁЂϷЂ ЄЇЀЏЁЅϾЂϽ
ЄϹЋАВІϼЃϴ, ЅЄ.: Dănila (ϥЇЋϴ϶ϴ) ←Dan (ЀЇϺЅϾЂϹϼЀГ); Rădila (ϣЄϴЉЂ϶ϴ) ←Radu
(ЀЇϺЅϾЂϹϼЀГ); Stănila (ϕЇϻБЇ) ←Stan (ЀЇϺЅϾЂϹϼЀГ); ЅЄ. ІϴϾϺϹ: Ciurila (ϞϿЇϺ) ←
19ϞЄЇЀ. briu϶ [MDA,1, 246] ϸϴЁϴЂІЅЏϿϾϴ: «ЅЀ. brei»; ϶ ЊϼІϼЄЇϹЀЂϽЅІϴІАϹБІЂІ϶ϴЄϼϴЁІ ЁϹЇϾϴϻϴЁ.
20Ϡ. ϠϼІЇЅЅЏϿϴϹІЅГЁϴЄЇϾЂЃϼЅЁЏϹЅϿЂ϶ϴЄЁЏϹЀϴІϹЄϼϴϿЏϜЂЅϼЈϴϡϴЁϼϹЅϾЇ (1818–1902), Ѐϼ -ІЄЂЃЂϿϼІϴϠЂϿϸЂ϶ЏϼϥЇЋϴ϶Џ (ЉЄϴЁГІЅГ϶ϵϼϵϿϼЂІϹϾϹϤЇЀЏЁЅϾЂϽϴϾϴϸϹЀϼϼЁϴЇϾ, ЄЇϾЂЃϼЅА№ 4400),
ϷϸϹЈЂЄЀϴbriiuГ϶ЁЂЂЌϼϵЂЋЁЂЂЃЄϹϸϹϿϹЁϴϾϴϾ ‘ЀЂЄЅϾϴГ϶ЂϸЂЄЂЅϿА, ЂІϿϴІ. algae, ЈЄ. l’algue’, ϴ,
ЃЂЅϿЂ϶ϴЀϴ϶ІЂЄϴ, ЃЄЂϿϹЅϾϴ «ЁϹϼЀϹϹІЁϼϾϴϾЂϷЂЂІЁЂЌϹЁϼГϾ϶ЂϸЂЄЂЅϿϼ <...> ЄϴЅІϹЁϼВЀЂЄЅϾЂЀЇ».
ϢІЀϹІϼЀ϶ЅϹϺϹ, ЁϴЃЄϼЀϹЄ, ЄЇЅ. (Scilla maritima), Ёϴϻ϶ϴЁϼϹϾЂІЂЄЂϽЃϹЄϹЅϹϾϴϹІЅГ
ЅЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼϹЀ .
Ciurea (ЈϴЀϼϿϼГ); Hovrila (ϠϴЄϴЀЇЄϹЌ) ←Gavrilă < ЅϿϴ϶.; Petrila (ϞϴЄϴЌ-ϥϹ϶Ϲ
-ЄϼЁ, ϩЇЁϹϸЂϴЄϴ) ←PetreϼІ. Ѓ.
2. ϢІЅЇϵЅІϴЁІϼ϶ЁЏϹ ϼ ЂІϴϸЎϹϾІϼ϶ЁЏϹ ЂϵЄϴϻЂ϶ϴЁϼГ ІϼЃϴ Bădila (ϣЄϴЉЂ϶ϴ,
ϦЇϿЋϴ) ←badea ‘ϵЄϴІ (ЅІϴЄЌϼϽ); ϸГϸГ’; Brătila (ϕϴϾБЇ) < ЅІ.-ЅϿϴ϶. áðàòú; Frăţila
(ϘЂϿϺ) ←frate ‘ϵЄϴІ’ < ϿϴІ. frater, -is; Bunila (ϩЇЁϹϸЂϴЄϴ) ←bun ‘ЉЂЄЂЌϼϽ’; Surdilă
(ϕЄБϼϿϴ) ←surd ‘ϷϿЇЉЂϽ’.
3 .ϡϹϾЂІЂЄЏϹϴЁІЄЂЃЂІЂЃЂЁϼЀЏ, Г϶ЁЂ϶ЂЅЉЂϸГЍϼϹϾЃЄЂϻ϶ϼЍϴЀϼЅЂЉЄϴЁГ
-ВЍϼϹЂϵϿϼϾЂІϷϿϴϷЂϿАЁЂϷЂЂϵЄϴϻЂ϶ϴЁϼГ, ЅЄ.: Prajila (ϖЏϿЋϴ) ←prăji ‘ϺϴЄϼІА’;
Racila (ϕϴϾБЇ) ←răci ‘ЂЉϿϴϸϼІА, ЃЄЂЅІЇϸϼІАЅГ’; Vărbila (ϣЄϴЉЂ϶ϴ) ←vorbi, vorbălui
‘ϷЂ϶ЂЄϼІА’.
3 .ϡϴϻ϶ϴЁϼГ, ЃЄЂЀϹϺЇІЂЋЁЏϹЀϹϺϸЇІϼЃϴЀϼ2ϼ3 ϼϿϼ1ϼ3 , ЅЄ.: Movila
(ϜϿАЈЂ϶) ←movilă ‘ЉЂϿЀ’, ЁЂІϴϾϺϹMovilă (ЈϴЀϼϿϼГ) < ЅϿϴ϶. [Dicţionar,
41]; Tocila (ϕБϾБЇ, ϕЇϻБЇ) ← toci ‘ІЇЃϼІА; ϼϻЁϴЌϼ϶ϴІА; ІЂЋϼІА’, ЁЂ ІϴϾϺϹ tocilă
‘ІЂЋϼϿЂ (ϾϴЀϹЁА, ЅІϴЁЂϾ)’; Vlădila (ϢϿІ) < ЅІ.-ЅϿϴ϶. (?) âëàähòè, ЁЂ ЅЄ. ІϴϾϺϹ
ϼЀГVladϼІ. Ѓ.
ϙЅϿϼІϼЃ1 ϸЂЃЇЅϾϴϹІЋϿϹЁϹЁϼϹЄϴЅЅЀϴІЄϼ϶ϴϹЀЂϷЂІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴЁϴBrăil- + -a,
ІЂ 1 , ϾϴϾ ϼ ЃЂЅϿϹϸЇВЍϼϹ ІϼЃЏ 2–3, ЈЂЄЀϴϿАЁЂ ЅϾЂЄϹϹ ЃЄϹϸЃЂϿϴϷϴϹІ ЀЂϸϹϿА
Brăi- + -la.
ϣЄϼЀϹЋϴІϹϿАЁЂ, ЂϸЁϴϾЂ, ЋІЂІϼЃ2ЂϵЁϴЄЇϺϼ϶ϴϹІЁϴϸϹϺЁЂϹЅЂЂІ϶ϹІЅІ϶ϼϹ϶ЅϿϴ
-϶ГЁЂГϻЏЋЁЏЉϴЄϹϴϿϴЉ, ЅЄ., ЁϴЃЄϼЀϹЄ: (ЁЂ϶Ϸ.) ←ϿϼЋЁЂϹϼЀГ
(- /- ), ϾЂІЂЄЂϹ «ϼЅЃЂϿАϻЂ϶ϴϿЂЅА Ї ϸЄϹ϶ЁϼЉ϶ЂЅІЂЋЁЏЉ ϼВϺЁЏЉ ЅϿϴ϶ГЁ» ϼЂІ
-ЄϴϺϹЁЂ϶ϸЄ.-ЇϾЄ. (ЃЂϸ 1411 Ϸ.) — ЃϴІЄЂЁϼЀ; ϵЂϿϷ. , ,
ϺϹЁ. , ЅϹЄϵ., ЉЂЄ϶. , — ЃЄϼЄЇЅ. ϸϼϴϿ. (ϴЄЉ., Ѕϼϵ.), ЇϾЄ.
ú ‘ϵЄϴІ, ϵЄϴІϹЊ’ ϼϸЄ. [ϖϴЅϼϿАϹ϶, 2012, 214–215]. ϱІϼЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾϼϹЈЂЄЀЏ
ЃЂϸϾЄϹЃϿГВІЃϹЄ϶ЇВЀЂϸϹϿА: Brăil- + -a.
3.2. Ƚɢɩɨɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɷɬɢɦɨɧɨɛɳɟɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɨɝɨɢɦɟɧɢ (- /- )
ϣЂ ϴЄϹϴϿАЁЏЀ ϾЄϼІϹЄϼГЀЁϴϼϵЂϿϹϹ ϶ϹЄЂГІЁЏЀ ЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶ϿГϹІЅГ ϵЂϿϷϴЄЅϾЂϹ ЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϺϸϹЁϼϹЄϴЅЅЀϴІЄϼ϶ϴϹЀЂϷЂϴЁІЄЂЃЂЁϼЀϴ (ϻϴϼЀЅІ϶Ђ϶ϴЁϼϹϼϻ϶ЂЅІЂЋЁЂЅϿϴ
-϶ГЁЅϾЂϷЂϼϿϼϻϴЃϴϸЁЂЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾЂϷЂ — ЃЂϿАЅϾЂϷЂ (?) — ϼЅІЂЋЁϼϾϴЀϴϿЂ϶ϹЄЂГІЁЂЃЂ
ЉЄЂЁЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼЀЅЂЂϵЄϴϺϹЁϼГЀ). Ϝ, ϾϴϾЁϴЀϾϴϺϹІЅГ, ЊϹϿϹЅЂЂϵЄϴϻЁϹϹϼЅЉЂϸϼІА
ЁϹϼϻЀЂϸϹϿϼBrăi- + -la, І. Ϲ. ЁϹϼϻЄЇЀ. brai, ЂІЀϹЋϹЁЁЂϷЂЂІЁЂЅϼІϹϿАЁЂЃЂϻϸЁЂ,
ЁЂЅϾЂЄϹϹϼϻ ЈЂЄЀЏbrăil-, ЂЅЂϵϹЁЁЂϹЅϿϼ ϼЀϹІА϶϶ϼϸЇЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼϹЀϴϾϹϸЂЁЅϾЂϷЂ
ЅϹϿϴ . ϖБІЂЀЂІЁЂЌϹЁϼϼЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϹЁϼЄЇЀЏЁЅϾϼϽϴЁІЄЂЃЂЁϼЀBrăiloiu,
϶ϾϿВЋϴВЍϼϽЂЅЁЂ϶Їbrăil-ϼЃϴІЄЂЁϼЀϼЋϹЅϾϼϽЅЇЈЈϼϾЅ-oiu / ЄЇЀ. ϵϴЁϴІ. -ońu <
ϿϴІ. -oneus [Petrovici, 1970, 135–136]22. ϥЂЂІ϶ϹІЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂ, ВϺЁЂЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾЂϹ ϼЀГ
(- /- ), ϾЂІЂЄЂϹЀЂϷϿЂϵЏЃЂЄЂϸϼІАЄϴЅЅЀϴІЄϼ϶ϴϹЀЏϽЄЇЀЏЁЅϾϼϽІЂЃЂЁϼЀ,
ϵЂϿϹϹ϶ЅϹϷЂЅЂϷϿϴЅЇϹІЅГЅЂЅϿЂ϶ЂЂϵЄϴϻЂ϶ϴІϹϿАЁЂϽЀЂϸϹϿАВ *brăil- + -a.
ϡϴϼϵЂϿϹϹ϶ϹЄЂГІЁЏЀБІϼЀЂЁЂЀϾϸϴЁЁЂЀЇϼЀϹЁϼЁϴЀЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶ϿГϹІЅГЂϵЍϹ
-ЅϿϴ϶. *b rlati/*b rl’ati: ЅϹЄϵ., ЉЂЄ϶. ṕ ‘϶ЂϻϼІАЅГ, ЄЏІАЅГ (ЃϴϿАЊϴЀϼ, ϿЂϺϾЂϽ)’,
bŕļati (Ѕ XVI ϶.) ‘ГЄЂЅІА, ЅІЄϴЅІА’, ‘ЃЂϾϿЂЁϹЁϼϹ’, ṕ = ṕ ‘ЃϴЋϾϴІА, ϷЄГϻ
-ЁϼІА’, ‘ЃϼЅϴІАϾЂϹ-ϾϴϾ, ЊϴЄϴЃϴІА’, ‘ЀϹЌϴІА’; ЅВϸϴϺϹ, ϶ЂϻЀЂϺЁЂ, ỳ ‘ЀϹЌϴІА
ϺϼϸϾЂЅІАЅЌЇЀЂЀ’, ‘ЌϹ϶ϹϿϼІАЅГ, ϶ЂЄЂЋϴІАЅГЌЇЀЁЂ’, ‘ϾϼЃϹІА, ϵЇϿАϾϴІА’, ‘ϵϼІА
ЅϼϿАЁЂϽЅІЄЇϹϽ’, ‘ϵЂϿІϴІА’, ỳ ‘ЀϹЌϴІА (ϺϼϸϾЂЅІА)’, ЅϿЂ϶ϹЁ. brljáti ‘ЄЏІАЅГ,
ϼЅϾϴІА’, ‘ϵЄЏϻϷϴІА’, ЅІϴЄ. berljati ‘ϵЄЏϻϷϴІАЅГ, ϼϷЄϴІАЅ϶ЂϸЂϽ’, ЅϿЂ϶ϴЊ. bŕalat’sa
‘ЄЏІАЅГ, ϼЅϾϴІА, ϶ЂϻϼІАЅГ’, barlat’ ‘ІЂϺϹ’, ЄЇЅ. ϸϼϴϿ. ‘ЀϹϸϿϹЁЁЂ, ЅІЄЇϸЂЀ
ЃϹЄϹϸ϶ϼϷϴІАЅГ; ϾЂ϶ЏϿГІА’, ‘ЅІЄЇϸЂЀ ЅЃЄϴ϶ϿГІАЅГЅЁЇϺϸЂϽ; ЃϹЄϹϵϼ϶ϴІАЅГ’, ‘ϸϹ
-ϿϴІАЋІЂ-ЁϼϵЇϸАЃϿЂЉЂ’, ϵϿЄ. ϸϼϴϿ. ‘ЃϹЄϹϿϼ϶ϴІА, ϶ϻϵϴϿІЏ϶ϴІА’, ‘ϵϹϻІЂϿϾЇ
ЄϴϵЂІϴІА’ [ϱϥϥϳ, 3, 167].
ϥϿЂ϶ЂЄЂϸЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂ *b rliti ‘ϵЇЄϿϼІА’23, ЉЂЄЂЌЂϻϴЅ϶ϼϸϹІϹϿАЅІ϶Ђ϶ϴЁЁЂЀЇ϶ЅϿϴ
-϶ГЁЅϾϼЉГϻЏϾϴЉ, ϾЄЂЀϹϵЂϿϷϴЄЅϾЂϷЂ [ϦϴЀϺϹ, 168], ϼ *b rloga/*b rlog , ЅЄ. ϶ЋϴЅІ
-ЁЂЅІϼ: ϵЂϿϷ. ϸϼϴϿ. ò ‘ϸЂϺϸϿϼ϶ϴГ, ЁϹЁϴЅІЁϴГЃЂϷЂϸϴ’; ò ‘ЁϹЁϴЅІАϹ, ЅЁϹϷ,
ϸЂϺϸА, ϷЄГϻА’; ò , ‘ЀЇЅЂЄ, ЃЂЀЂϼ’; ‘ЀϹϸ϶ϹϺАГϵϹЄϿЂϷϴ’; ò
‘ЀЇЅЂЄ, ЅЂЄ’; ЀϴϾϹϸ. ‘ϿЂϷЂ϶Ђ, ϵϹЄϿЂϷϴ’, ЅϹЄϵ., ЉЂЄ϶. ṕ ‘ЀϹЅІЂ, ϷϸϹϿϹϺϴІ
Ѕ϶ϼЁАϼ’, ЅВϸϴϺϹЋϹЄЁЂϷЂЄ. ‘ϿЇϺϴ’ ϼϸЄ. [ϦϴЀϺϹ, 168–169]. ϥЄ. ІϴϾϺϹЄЇЀ.
bârlóg (2-ГЃЂϿ. XVII ϶., ϶ϴЄϼϴЁІЏ: bârloágă, bârlóc) ‘ϵϹЄϿЂϷϴ’, ‘ϿЂϷЂ϶ЂЁϹϾЂІЂЄЏЉ
ϸϼϾϼЉϺϼ϶ЂІЁЏЉ’, ЈϼϷ. ‘ϿЂϺϹ, ЃЂЅІϹϿА’, ЈϼϷ., ЈϴЀ. ‘ϺϼϿАϹ, ϸЂЀ’, ‘ЇϵϹϺϼЍϹϻϿЂϸϹ
-Ϲ϶’, ‘ЀЏЌϼЁϴГЁЂЄϴ’ (= bârloágă), ЄϹϷ. ‘ЂІ϶ϹЄЅІϼϹЋϹЄϸϴϾϴ (϶ЉϿϹ϶Ї), ЋϹЄϹϻϾЂІЂЄЂϹ
ϸЂЅІϴВІϾЂЄЀϸϿГϺϼ϶ЂІЁЏЉ’ (< ЅІ.-ЅϿϴ϶. [MDA, 1, 191]).
ϘϿГ ЃЄϼ϶ϹϸϹЁЁЏЉЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾϼЉ ЈЂЄЀЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿАЁЂЋϹЄϹϸЂ϶ϴЁϼϹ -/ -/
-/ -. ϞϴϾЀЂϺЁЂϻϴЀϹІϼІА, ЃЄϼ϶ϹϸϹЁЁϴГ ϷϿϴϷЂϿАЁϴГЈЂЄЀϴЂІЁЂЅϼІϹϿАЁЂ
ЉЂЄЂЌЂЇϸЂ϶ϿϹІ϶ЂЄГϹІϼЀЂІϼ϶ϴЊϼϼ, Ѕ϶ГϻϴЁЁЂϽЅЄЇЀ. brai, ЇϾЄ. ‘ЃϹЅІ (ϸϿГ
ЃЂЀϹЌϼ϶ϴЁϼГϵЄЏЁϻЏ)’ ϼϸЄ.
ϢЋϹ϶ϼϸЁЂ, ЋІЂЀЁЂϷϼϹϻЁϴЋϹЁϼГЂІЀϹЋϹЁЁЏЉЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾϼЉϴЃϹϿϿГІϼ϶Ђ϶, ϹЅϿϼ
ЁϹ϶ЅϹ, ϶ЃЂϿЁϹЃЄϼϷЂϸЁЏ϶ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϹЂЅЁЂ϶ЏЃЄЂϻ϶ϼЍϴ, ϾЂІЂЄЂϹЅЂ϶ЄϹЀϹЁϹЀЀЂϷϿЂ
ЅІϴІАЈϴЀϼϿϼϹϽ.
ϫІЂϾϴЅϴϹІЅГ, ϸЂЃЇЅІϼЀ, ϻЁϴЋϹЁϼϽϵЂϿϷ. ϸϼϴϿ. ò ‘ϸЂϺϸϿϼ϶ϴГ, ЁϹЁϴЅІЁϴГ
ЃЂϷЂϸϴ’, ò ‘ЁϹЁϴЅІАϹ, ЅЁϹϷ, ϸЂϺϸА, ϷЄГϻА’, ІЂЂЁϼЉЂЄЂЌЂЅЂЂІ϶ϹІЅІ϶ЇВІϾϿϼ
-ЀϴІϼЋϹЅϾϼЀЇЅϿЂ϶ϼГЀЀϹЅІЁЂЅІϼ, ϶ϾЂІЂЄЂϽЄϴЅЃЂϿϴϷϴϹІЅГϷЂЄЂϸϕЄБϼϿϴ, ЃЄϼЀЏϾϴ
-ВЍϼϽϾЅІϹЃϼϕБЄБϷϴЁ, ϼϻ϶ϹЅІЁЂϽЅ϶ЂϼЀϼЅϼϿАЁЏЀϼ϶ϹІЄϴЀϼ, ϸЂϺϸГЀϼϼЅЁϹϷϴЀϼ,
ЂЅЂϵϹЁЁЂ϶ЂЅϹЁЁϹ-ϻϼЀЁϼϽЃϹЄϼЂϸ. ϤϴϻЇЀϹϹІЅГ, ЄЇЀ. ЄϹϷ. brăilean ‘϶ϹІϹЄ, ϸЇВЍϼϽ
϶ϻЂЁϹϕЄБϼϿЏ’ — ЂϵЄϴϻЂ϶ϴЁϼϹ϶ІЂЄϼЋЁЂϹ, ЂІІЂЃЂЁϼЀϼЋϹЅϾЂϹ. ϔЃЂЅϾЂϿАϾЇБІЂ
ЅϿЂ϶ЂЂІЀϹЋϹЁЂЃЂϸЂϻЄϼІϹϿАЁЂЃЂϻϸЁЂ (϶ϾЂЁЊϹ XIX ϶.), ІЂЀЂϺЁЂϸЂЃЇЅІϼІА, ЋІЂ
ЁЂЅϼІϹϿϼЄЇЀЏЁЅϾЂϷЂ ГϻЏϾϴ ϶ЄГϸϿϼ ϼЀϹϿϼЂІЁЂЌϹЁϼϹ Ͼ ЂЅЁЂ϶ϴІϹϿГЀ ЃϹЄ϶ЂϷЂ ЃЂЅϹϿϹЁϼГ϶ БІЂϽЁϹЁϴЅІЁЂϽ ЀϹЅІЁЂЅІϼ. ϞЂϷϸϴ ϺϹ ЄЇЀЏЁЏ ЂЅ϶ЂϼϿϼϷЂЄЂϸ, ЂЁϼ
ϾϴϾϵЏ϶ЁЂ϶АЂϺϼ϶ϼϿϼЅІϴЄЇВЀЂІϼ϶ϴЊϼВЃЄϹϸЃЂϿЂϺϼІϹϿАЁЂВϺЁЂЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾЂϷЂ ЂЁϼЀϴЅЂЅЁЂ϶ЂϽ *b rl-.
3.3.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɮɨɪɦɵ
ϡϴЂЅЁЂ϶ϹІЂЃЂЁϼЀϴЂϵЄϴϻЂ϶ϴЁЏЅϿϹϸЇВЍϼϹЄЇЀЏЁЅϾϼϹϿϹϾЅϹЀЏ:
brăilean(-ă) (1881 Ϸ.) ←Brăil(a) + -ean: ‘ϵЄБϼϿАЅϾϼϽ (ЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϸГЍϼϽϼϻϕЄБϼ
-ϿЏ; ЂІЁЂЅГЍϼϽЅГϾϕЄБϼϿϹ)’; ‘ЇЄЂϺϹЁϹЊ(-Ͼϴ), ϺϼІϹϿА(-ЁϼЊϴ) ϕЄБϼϿЏ’; ЄϹϷ. ‘϶ϹІϹЄ,
ϸЇВЍϼϽ϶ϻЂЁϹϕЄБϼϿЏ’, ‘ЄϴЅІϹЁϼϹ, ϾЂІЂЄЂϹЄϴЅІϹІЁϴЅϾϿЂЁϴЉϷЂЄϼЇЃЂІЄϹϵϿГϹІЅГ
϶ЁϴЄЂϸЁЂϽЀϹϸϼЊϼЁϹ’, ‘ЁϴЄЂϸЁЏϽІϴЁϹЊ’, ‘ЀϹϿЂϸϼГБІЂϷЂІϴЁЊϴ’ [MDA, 1, 242];
brăileancă (1913 Ϸ.) ←Brăil(a) + -eancă: ‘ЇЄЂϺϹЁϾϴ (ϺϼІϹϿАЁϼЊϴ) ϕЄБϼϿЏ’; ЄϹϷ. ‘ϸϹЄϵϹЁЁϼϾϼ϶ЂϿϼЅІЁЏϽ, ЃϿϴϾЇЁ-ІЄϴ϶ϴ (Lythrum salciaria)’, ‘ЌϴϿЈϹϽϿϹЅЁЂϽ (Salvia
nemorosa)’ [Ibid.]. ϢІЅЇІЅІ϶ϼϹЁϴЄϼЊϴІϹϿАЁЏЉЅϿЂ϶, ЁϹЅ϶ГϻϴЁЁЏЉЅІЂЃЂЁϼЀЂЀ,
ЃЂϸϾЄϹЃϿГϹІ϶ϹЄЂГІЁЂЅІАϹϷЂϼЁЂГϻЏЋЁЂϷЂЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϺϸϹЁϼГ (ЅІϴЄЂЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾЂϷЂ?).
ϕϙϤ— ϕЎϿϷϴЄЅϾϼ ϹІϼЀЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЁ ЄϹЋЁϼϾ / ЅЎЅІ.: ϖϿ. ϗϹЂЄϷϼϹ϶ (ЄϹϸ.), Ϝ϶. ϗЎϿЎϵЂ϶, ϝ. ϛϴϼЀЂ϶,
ϥІ. ϜϿЋϹ϶ (І. 1–5) ; ЄϹϸ. ϾЂϿ.: Ϡ. ϤϴЋϹ϶ϴ, Ϧ. ϔІ. ϦЂϸЂЄЂ϶ (І. 6–). ϥЂЈϼϴ : Ϝϻϸ. Ёϴϕϔ ; ϣЄЂЈ.
ϠϴЄϼЁϘЄϼЁЂ϶, 1971–. Ϧ. 1–.
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ϥϢϞϤϔϭϙϡϜϳ ϖЁϴϻ϶ϴЁϼГЉГϻЏϾЂ϶ϼϸϼϴϿϹϾІЂ϶
ϴϿϵ. ϷϹϷЅϾ. ϷϹϷЅϾϼϽϸϼϴϿϹϾІϴϿϵϴЁЅϾЂϷЂГϻЏϾϴ
ϴϿϵ. ІЂЅϾ. ІЂЅϾЅϾϼϽϸϼϴϿϹϾІϴϿϵϴЁЅϾЂϷЂГϻЏϾϴ
ϴЄϴϵ. ϴЄϴϵЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϴЄЉ. ϴЄЉϴЁϷϹϿАЅϾϼϹϷЂ϶ЂЄЏЄЇЅЅϾЂϷЂ
ГϻЏϾϴ
ϵϴЌϾ. ϵϴЌϾϼЄЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϵϿЄ. ϵϹϿЂЄЇЅЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϵϿЄ. ϸϼϴϿ. ϵϹϿЂЄЇЅЅϾϼϽϸϼϴϿϹϾІЁЏϽ
ϵЂϿϷ. ϵЂϿϷϴЄЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϵЂϿϷ. ϸϼϴϿ. ϵЂϿϷϴЄЅϾϼϽϸϼϴϿϹϾІЁЏϽ
϶ϹЁϷ. ϶ϹЁϷϹЄЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
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ϷϴϷϴЇϻ. ϷϴϷϴЇϻЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϷϴϿϿАЅϾ. ϷϴϿϿАЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϷЄϹЋ. ϷЄϹЋϹЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϸЄ.-Ϲ϶Є. ϸЄϹ϶ЁϹϹ϶ЄϹϽЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϸЄ.-ЄЇЅ. ϸЄϹ϶ЁϹЄЇЅЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϸЄ.-ЇϾЄ. ϸЄϹ϶ЁϹЇϾЄϴϼЁЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϼ.-Ϲ. ϼЁϸЂϹ϶ЄЂЃϹϽЅϾϼϹГϻЏϾϼ
ϼЄϿ. ϼЄϿϴЁϸЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
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ГϻЏϾϴ
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ϾϼЄϷ. ϾϼЄϷϼϻЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϿϴІ. ϿϴІϼЁЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЀϴϾϹϸ. ЀϴϾϹϸЂЁЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЁϹЀ. ЁϹЀϹЊϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЁЂ϶Ϸ. ЁЂ϶ϷЂЄЂϸЅϾϼϹϷЂ϶ЂЄЏЄЇЅЅϾЂϷЂ
ГϻЏϾϴ
ЁЂϷϴϽЅϾ. ЁЂϷϴϽЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЂϵЍϹЅϿϴ϶. ЂϵЍϹЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾϼϽ
ЃϹϿϴЅϷ. ЃϹϿϴЅϷЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЃЂϿАЅϾ. ЃЂϿАЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЃЄϴЅϿϴ϶. ЃЄϴЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЄЇЀ. ЄЇЀЏЁЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЄЇЀ. ϵϴЁϴІ. ϵϴЁϴІЅϾϼϽϸϼϴϿϹϾІЄЇЀЏЁЅϾЂϷЂ
ГϻЏϾϴ
ЄЇЀ. ЄϹϷ. ЄЇЀЏЁЅϾϼϽЄϹϷϼЂЁϴϿАЁЏϽ
ЄЇЅ. ЄЇЅЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЅϹЄϵ. ЅϹЄϵЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
Ѕϼϵ. ЅϼϵϼЄЅϾϼϹϷЂ϶ЂЄЏЄЇЅЅϾЂϷЂГϻЏϾϴ
ЅϿϴ϶. ЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾϼϹГϻЏϾϼ
ЅϿЂ϶ϴЊ. ЅϿЂ϶ϴЊϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЅϿЂ϶ϹЁ. ЅϿЂ϶ϹЁЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЅЄ.-ϷЄϹЋ. ЅЄϹϸЁϹϷЄϹЋϹЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЅІ.-ЅϹЄϵ. ЅІϴЄЂЅϹЄϵЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЅІ.-ЅϿϴ϶. ЅІϴЄЂЅϿϴ϶ГЁЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ІϴІ. ІϴІϴЄЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ІϴІ.-ІЂϵЂϿ. ІЂϵЂϿЂ-ϼЄІЏЌЅϾϼϽϸϼϴϿϹϾІ
ІϴІϴЄЅϾЂϷЂГϻЏϾϴ ІЇ϶ϼЁ. ІЇ϶ϼЁЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ІЇЄ. ІЇЄϹЊϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ІЇЄ. ϸϼϴϿ. ІЇЄϹЊϾϼϽϸϼϴϿϹϾІЁЏϽ
ІЇЄϾЀ. ІЇЄϾЀϹЁЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЇϾЄ. ЇϾЄϴϼЁЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЈЄ. ЈЄϴЁЊЇϻЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЉϴϾϴЅ. ЉϴϾϴЅЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЉЂЄ϶. ЉЂЄ϶ϴІЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЋϹЄЁЂϷЂЄ. ЋϹЄЁЂϷЂЄЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ЋЇ϶ϴЌ. ЋЇ϶ϴЌЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ГϾЇІ. ГϾЇІЅϾϼϽГϻЏϾ
ϣЄЂЋϼϹ ЅІϴЄ. ЅІϴЄЏϽ
ЈϴЀ. ЈϴЀϼϿАГЄЁЂ
* * *
ɋɭɯɚɱɟɜɇɢɤɨɥɚɣɅɟɨɧɢɞɨɜɢɱ
ϾϴЁϸϼϸϴІЈϼϿЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼЉЁϴЇϾ,
϶ϹϸЇЍϼϽЁϴЇЋЁЏϽЅЂІЄЇϸЁϼϾЂІϸϹϿϴ ЅЄϴ϶ЁϼІϹϿАЁЂ-ϼЅІЂЄϼЋϹЅϾЂϷЂϼϻЇЋϹЁϼГ
ϼЁϸЂϹ϶ЄЂЃϹϽЅϾϼЉГϻЏϾЂ϶ϼϴЄϹϴϿАЁЏЉ ϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴЁϼϽ
ϜЁЅІϼІЇІϿϼЁϷ϶ϼЅІϼЋϹЅϾϼЉϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴЁϼϽ Ϥϔϡ
199053, ϥϴЁϾІ-ϣϹІϹЄϵЇЄϷ, ϦЇЋϾЂ϶ЃϹЄ., 9 E-mail: nsuh@inbox.ru
Sukhachev, Nikolay Leonidovich PhD, Leading Research Fellow
Department of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics and Areal Studies
Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
9, Tuchkov Ln., 199053 Saint Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: nsuh@inbox.ru
Nikolay L. Sukhachev Institute for Linguistic Studies of the RAS Saint Petersburg, Russia
ON THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE PLACE NAME BR ÍLA
The paper addresses the etymology of the toponym Brăíla, the name of a Lower Danube town in Romania. The author provides historical and geographic data showing the antiquity of the toponym and, at the same time, its exceptional rarity resulting from its embeddedness into a complex ethno-linguistic area. The latter largely explains the diffi culty of its etymological interpretation. Theoretically, it may be derived from Celtic, Turkic, Slavic, or Romanian sources. The author also shows that besides evident isoglosses the collected onomastic material may display isophones, i.e. occasional phonetic coincidences. Based on typological data, the author considers existing hypotheses related to the etymology of Brăíla. The analysis provides evi-dence that leads to refute any suggestion of its Celtic, Turkic, or Romanian origin and indicates the word *Brail(-o/-a), most likely a Southern Slavic personal name or nickname, as the most probable etymon for the toponym in question. It seems to derive from the common Slavic verb *b rlati/*b rl’ati with a broad semantic scope that includes meanings like ‘tinker,’ ‘mess,’ etc.
K e y w o r d s: Balkan onomastics, Romanian language, South Slavonic languages, Celtic languages, toponymy, hydronymy, anthroponymy, isophonic words, etymology.
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