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Dissertation submitted to Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade Nova de Lisboa for the degree of Doctor in Oncology - Breast Cancer SandraMargaridaCaldasAmaral

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Academic year: 2019

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Fig.  1 Pathways  of  estrogen  biosynthesis. DHEA,  Dihydroepiandrosterone; E 1 , Estrone;  E 2 ,  17ß-Estradiol;  HSD,  Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase;  CYP, Cytochrome P450 enzymes; scc,  steroid  cholesterol  side chain  scission;  arom,  aromatase;  KSR
Fig.  4  ER  can  be  activated  by  MAPK  pathways  upon  EGF  or  IGF  treatment  through  phosphorylation  of  Ser118  at  AF-1  site  (un-bounded activated  receptor)
Fig. 5 Similarity of domains between ERα and ERß 39 . AF-1, transcriptional  ligand-independent domain; AF-2, transcriptional ligand-dependent domain.
Fig. 9 ER tissue specific  effects  according to Jordan et al 38   hypothesis: In the presence of a  pure antagonist, ER  is  stabilized in the inactive conformational  state and binds  co-repressor  tightly
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