• Summary of ELF issue in Brasil
• Legislation and practicies
• Field levels measured and calculated
• A recent case
• Conclusions
The Issue
Legislation
Field levels
Recent Cases
$
%
• The ELFs have been an object of concern of the
population and this concern has been translated
on questioning that varies from just information
request until juridical intervention. This can be a
cause of delays and affect the reliability and costs
of the electrical supply.
•
Dealing with the risk perception seems to be
becoming the rule in some areas of the country.
Brazilian Electrical System
4 000 km 4 000 km 4 000 km
"
& '
(
'
)
• 2000/2002: Growth of concern about ELFs
expressed
by
organized
groups
(SAAP,
ABRADECEL, Ceará Inhabitants Association,
etc.);
• 2002/2003: Creation of FUNASA´s Working Group
–
Discussion
for
limiting
High
Voltage
Transmission Lines fields.
• 2003: creation of the WG-ELF by the MME
(Ministry of Mines and Energy) to give support
to the work at WG FUNASA; International
Seminar in Brasilia
• 2004:
Increasing
of
the
international
cooperation and of the work at the WG-ELF to
quantify ELFs at the national grid
•
"
• 2005: Creation of the National Commission of Bioelectromagnetism (CNBIO) to give advice for national policies (representatives of 9 ministries).
• 2006: International Seminar in Brasília (OMS, ICNIRP, CIER – www.cepel.br/brasilcem2006 ); approval of ABNT standard on ELF (Based on ICNIRP).
• 2007: Seminar at the Congress; end the text of Federal Legislation (PL 2576/2000) at Deputies level; text sent to the Senate.
•
"
•
Some groups of the society are not happy with
these limits, clamming that they do not take in
account long term effects.
•
Based on “The Precautionary Principle” they
propose the 10 mG (1 microT) limit.
"
Source: Light-Rio Calculations
"
The Issue
Legislation
Field levels
Recent Cases
&
"
/01/0 2 3 4/ 4
Law Project nº 2.576/2000
! + 7 , # - 8 9 % 7 -- :% 7 % - ' /0 / ; < ! ; - 7 & ' + 9 % 7 = < 3 8 <> > > , '' 6 ! ? ' ' & @% AA ...B,%
ICNIRP - 60 Hz TIPO DE EXPOSIÇÃO NÍVEIS DE CAMPO (60 Hz) CAMPO ELÉTRICO Eef (kV/m) CAMPO MAGNÉTICO Bef (mG) Trabalhadores (durante jornada de trabalho) 8,33 4166 Público 4,17 833
The Issue
Legislation
Field levels
Recent Cases
Conclusions
LT 500 kV Circuito Simples
Perfil de Campo Elétrico a 1m de altura do solo
0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 8,00 9,00 10,00 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Distância (m) C am p o E lé tr ic o (k V /m ) .. .
;
% +
%
+
LT 500 kV Circuito Simples
Perfil de Campo Magnético a 1m do solo
0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 Distância (m) C am p o M ag n ét ic o (m G ) MÁXIMO-CALCULADO MÁXIMO-MEDIDO
Campo Elétrico 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 distância (m) C am p o E lé tr ic o [ kV /m ] modelo 2D modelo 3D valores medidos
'
! + ;
+
Measured Values
ELECTRIC AND AMGNETIC FIELDS MEADSURED - 60 Hz Total Amount = 3036
Electric Field 1947 measured values
Fit Project criteria 1939 - (99,6%)
Fit ICNIRP 1930 - (99%) Campo Magnético
1929 measured values
Fit Project criteria 1929 - (100%)
Fit ICNIRP 1929 – (100%)
Maximum Magnetic Field at the soil under 500 kV TL
Configuração horizontal
10 m de espaçamento entre fases Altura mínima cabo-solo: 10m Cabo Grosbeak – 4 subcondutores Corrente máxima (70 C): 2000 A
Campo Magnético máximo x corrente
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
corrente na fase [A]
C am p o M áx im o [ m G ] ICNIRP 833 mG
Magnetic Field Values
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10:15 AM 10:30 AM 10:45 AM 11:00 AM M ag ne tic F ie ld ( m G ) TimeNOSSA SENHORA DE COPACABANA
May/18/2006 10:10:36 AM May/18/2006 11:12:10 AM 0 20 40 60 80 100 07:20 PM 07:30 PM 07:40 PM M ag ne tic F ie ld ( m G ) Time
NOSSA SENHORA DE COPACABANA (NOITE)
May/18/2006 07:10:34 PM May/18/2006 07:48:07 PM 833 mG 4166 mG ICNIRP
The Issue
Legislation
Field levels
Recent Cases
A Recente case:
A Recente case:
Subestation
Subestation
and
and
TL
TL
in
in
Florian
Florian
ó
ó
polis
polis
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%
D
+
!
%
'
5
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+
+
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,%
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-
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7B
Trajeto das medi
Perfis de Campo Magnético - SE Ilha Centro II (dosímetro) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Tempo de leitura (s) C am p o M ag n ét ic o (m G ) NBR15415/ICNIRP Perfil A-B Perfil B-D Perfil D-E Perfil F-G 25/10/2007 833
Compara
Compara
ç
ç
ão dos valores das medi
ão dos valores das medi
ç
ç
ões com a
ões com a
Norma NBR15415 / ICNIRP
Norma NBR15415 / ICNIRP
D1– maior valor encontrado na vizinhança da SE (79.1 mG) D1
It is important to mention two EPI studies:
(a) EMF-SP, on schedule (
www.emf-sp.com.br
);
epidemiological
and
risk
perception study
(b) CTEEP/FIOCRUZ - concluded
The Issue
Field levels
Legislation
Recent Cases
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
P
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(IVI database)Doing
Nothing
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Technology
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o
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High costs and risks to not reliable results?
Fonte: FOSTER - Brasília, 2003
• Laboratory studies showed little evidence of conexions between ELFs and cancer.
• Extensive studies with animals showed that lifetime exposure of animals at ELFs do not cause cancer. • Causal relationship between ELF fields and cancer
is biophysically not plausible, at the present knowledge.
• Nevertheless these fields are considered 2B category by IARC (possivel mas não provável).
• This drives to a major Public Opinion problem rather than a maior public health problem.
• COMUNICATION is fundamental (as earlier as possible)
• Harmonization of criteria between countries it is a difficult task but helps to improve confidence of the population on safety procedures.
• As a general rule, the installations of the electrical system in Brasil follow the international recommendations.