A new species of the sharpshooter genus Onega Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from Ecuador and Peru

RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia62(2018)324–327

REVISTA

BRASILEIRA

DE

Entomologia

w w w . r b e n t o m o l o g i a . c o m

Systematics,

Morphology

and

Biogeography

A

new

species

of

the

sharpshooter

genus

Onega

Distant,

1908

(Hemiptera:

Cicadellidae:

Cicadellini)

from

Ecuador

and

Peru

André

Luis

Diniz

Ferreira

_,

_Pedro

_W.

_Lozada

_,

_Daniela

_Maeda

_Takiya

a

r

t

i

c

l

e

i

n

f

o

Articlehistory: Received16July2018 Accepted18September2018 Availableonline6October2018 AssociateEditor:DouglasZeppelini Keywords: Andes Auchenorrhyncha Leafhopper Cicadellinae Taxonomy

a

b

s

t

r

a

c

t

OnegacomprisesninevalidspeciesdistributedinSouthAmericancountries,Bolivia,Colombia,Ecuador, ParaguayandPeru,commonlyathighaltitudes.Thegenushasasdiagnosticcharacteristicsthetransition crown-fronswithtransversalcarina;crownandsuperiorportionoffronswithconcavities;pronotum widerthantransocularwidthofhead;andparaphysis,whenpresent,asamedianesclerite.Thepresent paperdescribesOnegamusasp.nov.,fromEcuadorandPeru,whichcanbedistinguishedfromother Onegaspeciesby:bodymostlyyellow,withbrownmaculaedistributedondorsum;posteriormargin ofmalepygoferserrate,withlongmicrosetaeonthebasiventralmargin;aedeaguswithshaftbisinuate withdorsalacutepreapicalprocess;femalesterniteVIIwithposteriormarginslightlyconvex;andfirst valvulaofovipositorwith38noncontiguousteeth.Intraspecificmorphologicalvariationsarediscussed. ©2018SociedadeBrasileiradeEntomologia.PublishedbyElsevierEditoraLtda.Thisisanopen accessarticleundertheCCBY-NC-NDlicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Introduction

CicadellidaeareoneofthemostdiversefamiliesofHemiptera, distributedinallzoogeographicregions(NielsonandKnight,2000), withapproximately22,000speciesdescribed,approximately5000 of them recorded from the Neotropical Region (Forero, 2008). Membersof Cicadellidae are commonly referred toas leafhop-pers,insects havinga largevarietyof color patternsand sizes, rangingfromlarge(22mm)toverysmall(only3–5mm)(Young, 1968;Mejdalani,1998).Thisdiversegroupisaparaphyletic assem-blageandproposals foritshigher-levelclassificationarevaried, asreflectedinthenumberofsubfamiliesincluded,rangingfrom ninetoover50(NaultandRodriguez,1985;Dietrichetal.,2017). The Cicadellinae subfamilyis very diverse, withapproximately 340generaand2000species.Cicadellinaerepresentatives, com-monlyreferredtoassharpshooters,oftenhaveheadswithaswollen appearance,whichmayberelatedtotheirxylemsap specializa-tion(Mejdalani, 1998;Young,1968).Thesubfamilyiscurrently dividedintotwotribes:CicadelliniandProconiini.Cicadellini cur-rentlycomprises1200speciesdividedintomorethan170genera intheNewWorld.

IntheCicadellini,OnegawasdescribedbyDistant(1908)based onthetype-speciesOnegaavellaDistant,1908.Currently,thegenus

∗ Correspondingauthor.

E-mail:andreluis-df@hotmail.com(A.L.Ferreira).

includesninevalidspeciesthatsharethefollowingdiagnostic char-acteristics:crown-fronstransitionwithtransversecarina;apexof crownandsuperiorportionoffronswithconcavities;and prono-tummuchwider thantransocularwidthof head(Young, 1977; TakiyaandCavichioli,2004).Onegaspeciesoccurinhighaltitudes, between850and2800ma.s.l.,ofAndeanSouthAmerican coun-tries.OnegabelongstotheParomeniagenericgroup,which was proposedbyYoung(1977)inhisreviewoftheCicadellinaeofthe NewWorld.Fortheproposalofgenericgroups,Young(1977)took into consideration severalmorphological similarities of genera, whichmayhavelittlerelationshiptotheirphylogeny. Neverthe-less, Cavichioli(1992), inhis unpublisheddoctoraldissertation, recoveredseveralcloserelationshipsproposedbyYoung(1977)

inaphylogeneticanalysisoftheParomeniagenericgroup.Inhis study,Onegawasrecoveredasmonophyleticandsistertoaspecies ofthenon-monophyleticParomenia.

Inthepresentpaper,anewspeciesofOnegabasedonfemale andmalespecimensfromEcuadorandPeruweredescribed.

Materialandmethods

Specimensstudiedhereinaredepositedatthefollowing collec-tions:Colec¸ãoEntomológicaProf.JoséAlfredoPinheiroDutra,Rio deJaneiro(DZRJ);MuseodeHistoriaNatural,UniversidadNacional MayordeSanMarcos,Lima(MUSM);andCarnegieMuseum, Pitts-burg,EUA(CMNH).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2018.09.005

0085-5626/©2018SociedadeBrasileiradeEntomologia.PublishedbyElsevierEditoraLtda.Thisis anopenaccessarticleundertheCCBY-NC-NDlicense(http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

A.L.Ferreiraetal./RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia62(2018)324–327 325

Figs.1–4.Onegamusasp.nov.:(1–2)holotype;(1)dorsalhabitus;(2)lateralhabitus;(3–4)paratypefromEcuador;(3)dorsalhabitus;(4)lateralhabitus.Scalebars=2mm.

PreparationofgenitalstructuresmostlyfollowsOman(1949). Theabdomen(1)wasremovedfordissection;(2)placedinwarm 10%KOHuntilthestructurewasclear;(3)washedfor5–10minin distilledwater,inadditiontowashingimpuritiesblockingtheview ofstructures;(4)placedonaconcaveslidewithglycerinfor obser-vationandillustration;(5)pencil-sketchedusingacameralucida coupledtoaZeissStemiSV6stereomicroscope;and(6)storedina smallvialwithglycerinpinnedbelowthespecimen.Photosof dor-salandlateralhabitusofspecimensweretakenwithaLeicaDFC450 digitalcameracoupledtoaLeicaM205Cstereomicroscopein dif-ferentfocalplanesandassembledwiththeLASCoreV4.6program. PhotographswereeditedinAdobe®Photoshop®CS6.

MorphologicalterminologyfollowsmainlyYoung(1968,1977), butterminologyforheadstructuresfollowsHamilton(1981),and thatforthefemalegenitaliafollowsNielson(1965),withthe excep-tionofthethirdvalvulae,whicharetreatedhereinasgonoplacs,as suggestedbyMejdalani(1998).

ValidOnegaspecies

O.avellaDistant,1908.EcuadorandParaguay

O.bracteataYoung,1977.Bolivia,Ecuador,Colombia,andPeru. O.fassliYoung,1977.Colombia,Ecuador,andParaguay. O.freytagiTakiyaandCavichioli,2004.ColombiaandEcuador. O.krameriTakiyaandCavichioli,2004.Ecuador.

O.musaFerreira,Lozada&Takiyasp.nov.EcuadorandPeru. O.orphneTakiyaandCavichioli,2004.Ecuador.

O.sanguinicollis(Latreille,1811).Ecuador. O.stellaDistant,1908.Ecuador.

O.stipata(Walker),1851.Ecuador.

Onegamusasp.nov.Ferreira,Lozada&Takiya(Figs.1–12)

Length:males14.4–14.6mm,females:14.4–15.9mm.

Diagnosis:Bodymostlyyellow,withbrownmaculaedistributed oncrown,pronotum,andforewings.Concavityonfronsonlyon superiorfourth.Posteriormarginofmalepygoferserrate;withlong microsetaeatbasiventralmargin.Aedeaguswithshaftbisinuate, withelongatepreapicaldorsalprocess(bifurcateornot)andapical acutesinuousprocessextendingbeyondgonopore.

Coloration: Crown yellow; margins besides eyes dark brown; medianmaculadark-brown(Fig.1).Faceyellow,exceptpairsof

maculaeonfronsatbasesofantennaeandongenae,lightbrown (Fig.2).Pronotumreddish-brown(Fig.1)withfivespotsmostly confluentarrangedasa“V”ondiscandtwosemi-circularmaculae onposteriormargin,brightyellow(Fig.1).Mesonotumbright yel-low;lateralbasalanglesandapicalspot,reddish-brown(Figs.1–3). Forewing mostly bright yellow, withseveral irregular reddish-brown(Figs. 1and 2)areas; apex translucent(Figs. 1–3).Hind wingtranslucentwhite(Figs.1–4).Thoracicpleuramostlyyellow withfewlightbrownmaculae.Legsmostlydarkbrown(Figs.2–4). Abdomenmostlyred.

Externalmorphology: Crownwithmedian length3/5interocular and slightly less than 2/5transocular width; apical and lateral concaveareasoncrownnotconfluent(Fig.1).Fronsmostly flat-tened,concave onlyonsuperior fourth(Fig.2).Pronotum with posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 1) or straight (Fig. 3). Forewingwithmostofcoriumwithplexusofveins,absenton api-cal,brachial,andcostalcells;clavuswithcrossveinsbetweenclaval veins(Figs.1and2).Hindlegswithfemoralsetalformula2:1:1;first tarsomereswithlengthapproximatelyequaltocombinedlength ofdistalones.Otherexternalcharactersasingenericdescription (Young,1977).

Male genitalia: Pygofer moderately produced; posterior margin rounded and serrate; withoutprocesses; macrosetae dispersed throughoutposterior2/3;longmicrosetaerestrictedto basiven-tralmargin(Fig.5).Subgenitalplateextendingslightlyposterior tomidlengthofpygofer;fusedbasally;withuniseriatemacrosetae andfinesetaebasiventrally(Fig.6).Connectiveapproximately V-shaped;dorsalkeelstronglysclerotizedandelongate,extending anteriorly. Style extending posteriorlybeyond apex of connec-tive;apexbroad andfoot-shaped(Fig.7).Aedeaguswithdorsal apodemesrobust;shaftelongateandbisinuate,inlateralview,with anon-bifurcateddorsoapicalprocessabovethegonopore(Fig.8); apexwithapicalacutesinuousprocessextendingbeyond gono-pore.Paraphysesabsent(Fig.8).

Femalegenitalia:SterniteVIIwithposteriormarginwithshallow medianemargination;transversestriationsondisc(Fig.10). Inter-nal abdominal sternite VIII forming simple membranous plate. Pygoferwithfewmacrosetaedistributeddorsallyonapicalthird (Fig.11). First valvula, in ventralview,with basetruncate and lateralpreapicalconcavities(Fig.12).Secondvalvulabearing38 non-contiguous teeth(Fig.14); teethwithdenticlesdistributed onanteriorandposteriormargin(Fig.13);apexbroadlyrounded

326 A.L.Ferreiraetal./RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia62(2018)324–327

Figs.5–15.Onegamusasp.nov.:(5–9)malegenitalia;(5)pygofer,valve,andsubgenitalplate,lateralview;(6)valveandsubgenitalplates,ventralview;(7)styleand connective,ventralview;(8)aedeagusholotype,lateralview;(9)aedeagusofparatypefromEcuador,lateralview;(10–16)femalegenitalia;(10)sterniteVII,ventralview; (11)sterniteVII,pygofer,andgonoplac,lateralview;(12)basesoffirstvalvulaeofovipositor,ventralview;(13)denticlesfrommedianportionofshaftofsecondvalvula ofovipositor,lateralview;(14)secondvalvulaofovipositor,lateralview;(15)apexofsecondvalvulaofovipositor,lateralview.Scalebars:0.5mm(5–12);0.2mm(14); 0.1mm(13–15).

(Fig.15).Gonoplacwithapexnarrowlyround;fewmicrosetaeon apicalmargin(Fig.11).

Variationofparatypes: Thegeneralcolorationof theEcuadorian paratypevaries in havingthe yellowtonemuch brighter; dor-salareas darker brown; median crown macula reddish-brown; fronscompletelyyellow;and pronotumdiscalspotsnot conflu-ent(Figs.3and4).Inthemalegenitalia,theEcuadorianparatype havesubgenitalplateswithlateralmacrosetaeabsentatbasalthird andaedeaguswithdorsoapicalprocessbifurcateandshorter api-calprocess(Fig.9).Peruvianparatypes mayalsohave bifurcate dorsoapicalprocess.Furthermore,theEcuadorianparatypehasa sclerotizedroundareaontheventralmarginofsegmentXofanal tube.

Distribution:PERU,CajamarcaDepartmentandECUADOR,Zamora ChinchipeProvince.

Materialexamined: Holotype, 1 male, “Peru, CA: Cajamarca/06” 8 78◦ SL 2300m/18. X. 1998/J. Grados”, MUSM. Paratypes: 2 males and 4 females, same data of holotype, MUSM; 1 male and1female,samedataofholotype,DZRJ;1male,“ECUADOR:

Zimbora–Chinchipe/ViaValladolid–Yngana/2460m,10August 1993,E./Tapia,G.Onore,C.Young”,CMNH.

Etymology:Thespecificepithet,inapposition,isinallusiontothe similarityofthecolorpatternofthedescribedspecieswitharipe banana,fruitbelongingtothegenusMusaL.

Notes:ThenewspeciesisverydistinctofotherOnegabyitsstriking coloration(yellowwithbrownmaculae)anditsaedeagal shape withauniquedorsoapicalprocess.Thenewspecieskeystocouplet 7inTakiyaandCavichioli(2004)’skeytospeciesofOnega,butit willnotproceedfurther.

Discussion

InOnega,intraspecificvariationofthecolorpatternhasbeen recorded previously by Takiya and Cavichioli (2004), where authorsdescribedcolorvariation ofspecimens fromEcuador of O. fassli from those from Colombia and Paraguay. The same is herein reportedfor O. musa sp.nov. based onspecimens from PeruandEcuador.Thegeneralyellowtoneismorevibrantinthe

A.L.Ferreiraetal./RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia62(2018)324–327 327

Ecuadorianspecimenanddorsalmaculaearedarker(dark-brown), although median crown macula is lighter (reddish-brown). In addition to color variation, specimens from Peru and Ecuador varyintheextensionoftheapicalprocessoftheaedeagus,which is longer in Peruvian specimens. Another intriguing variation foundintheaedeagusisthatthepreapicaldorsalprocesscanbe bifurcated,slightlybifurcated,ornot bifurcated,andthis varies alsoinPeruvianspecimenscollectedinthesameevent.

Finally,thefemalegenitaliahaveseveralstructuresthatcanbe usefulforspeciesidentificationofsharpshooters(Mejdalani,1998). InOnega,shapesofthesterniteVIIandsecondvalvulaeare impor-tanttodifferentiatespecies.ThesterniteVIIofO.musasp.nov.is somewhatsimilartothatofO.sanguinicollis,butitcanbe differen-tiatedbytheconcavityontheapex,absentinthelatter.Thesecond valvulaeofOnegawerefirstlydescribedindetailinthelatestreview ofthegenus(TakiyaandCavichioli,2004),andthenumberof dor-salteethvariedbetween43and45.O.musasp.nov.has38teeth andisthespeciesknowntohavetheleastnumberofteeth.

Conflictsofinterest

Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictsofinterest.

Acknowledgments

WearegratefultoJ.Grados(MUSM)forthecollectionofthese interestingspecimens inPeru. C.Young and J.Rawlins(CMNH) madeavailablematerialfromEcuador.ALDFreceived undergrad-uatescientific initiationfellowships fromConselho Nacionalde DesenvolvimentoCientífico eTecnológico’s(CNPq) PROTAXand

PIBICprograms. DMTis a researchproductivity fellowofCNPq (proc.313677/2017–4)andaJovemCientistadoNossoEstado fel-lowfromFundac¸ãoCarlosChagasFilhodeAmparoàPesquisado EstadodoRiodeJaneiro(FAPERJ,proc.E-26/202.786/2015).

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