Política Comparada (3 créditos) Profa. Elizabeth Stein Horário: Terça-feira, das 19 às 22 horas Consultas: A combinar com a professora

Programa de Pós-Graduação (IESP-UERJ)

Política Comparada (3 créditos)

Profa. Elizabeth Stein

Horário: Terça-feira, das 19 às 22 horas

Consultas: A combinar com a professora

Descrição do Curso

Esta aula é uma introdução aos assuntos fundamentais de política comparada. No estudo de política comparada, comparamos e contrastamos política doméstica entre as nações-estados. Neste curso, discutiremos vários tópicos fundamentais: como Estados emergem; as estruturas econômicas; sistemas do governo; vários tipos de mudanças políticas; instituições e o papel de sociedade na política. Ademais, examinaremos metodologias variadas usadas no estudo da política comparada para avaliar as vantagens e desvantagens de cada aplicação.

Requisitos do Curso

Tarefas e nota

Este curso é um seminário de discussão. A matéria não será apresentada a vocês. Os alunos deverão ler e pensar os textos previamente às aulas, uma vez que nos interessa não apenas os argumentos centrais dos mesmos, mas também a maneira com que os autores testam seus argumentos. Ao ler o texto, o aluno deve pensar nas seguintes perguntas:

1) O autor está tentando explicar qual fenômeno ou resultado político? Qual é o argumento substantivo apresentado pelo autor? Quais são as implicações observáveis do argumento? O argumento aplica somente a um caso específico ou dá para generalizá-lo a outros países. Quem são os atores envolvidos na explicação do autor? O argumento do autor é um argumento causal? Se sim, qual é o mecanismo causal?

2) Que abordagem o autor usa para testar seu argumento? Quais dados está usando (como foram coletados, mensurados, codificados etc.)? Como foram escolhidos os casos examinados pelo autor? O autor realmente testa o argumento que apresenta no trabalho?

Participação 40%

Comparecimento (pode faltar 1 aula sem razão) Acompanhamento das leituras e discussão da aula Apresentações

2 resenhas de avaliação de pesquisa (RAPs) 20%

Projeto Final 40%

Programa de Pós-Graduação (IESP-UERJ)

Introdução: O que é a Política Comparada e o que é o Método Comparado?

Lijphart, Arend. 1971. “Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method”. The American Political Science Review, vol. 65, no _{3, pp. 682-693.}

Sartori, Giovanni. 1991. “Comparing and Miscomparing”. Journal of Theoretical Politics, vol. 3, no _{3, pp. 243-257.}

Lichbach, Mark I.; Zuckerman, Alan S. 1997. “Research Tradition and Theory in Comparative Politics: An Introduction”, in Mark I. Lichbach; Alan S. Zuckerman (eds.), Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Collier, David. 1993. “The Comparative Method”, in Ada W. Finifter (ed.), Political Science: The State of the Discipline II. Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association.

Semana 2 (18/ago.)

As Origens do Estado: Guerras, Impostos e Nacionalismo

Tilly, Charles. 1986. “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime”, in Peter B. Evans; Dietrich Rueschemeyer; Theda Skocpol (eds.), Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 169-187.

Herbst, Jeffrey. 1989. “The Creation and Maintenance of National Boundaries in Africa”. International Organization, vol. 43, no _{4, pp. 673-692.}

Jaggers, Keith. 1992. “War and the Three Faces of Power: War Making and State Making in Europe and the Americas”. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 25, no _{1, pp. 26-62.}

Olson, Mancur. 1993. “Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development”. The American Political Science Review, vol. 87, no _{3, pp. 567-576.}

Tilly, Charles. 1994. “State and Nationalism in Europe 1492-1992”. Theory and Society, vol. 23, no _{1, pp. 131-146.}

Thies, Cameron G. 2005. “War, Rivalry and the State Building in Latin America”. American Journal of Political Science, vol. 49, no _{3, pp. 451-465.}

Semana 3 (25/ago.)

O Estado: Capacidade, Autonomia e Falha

Geddes, Barbara. 1994. Politician’s Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press (Capítulos 1, 2, 4, 5).

Besley, Timothy; Persson, Torsten. 2009. “The Origins of State Capacity: Property Rights, Taxation and Politics”. American Economic Review, vol. 99, no _{4, pp. 1218-1244.}

Bersch, Katherine et al. 2013. State Capacity and Bureaucratic Autonomy within National States: Mapping the Archipelago of Excellence in Brazil. Trabalho apresentado na conferência da Latin American Studies Association, Washington, D.C., 29 de maio-1 de junho.

Semana 4 (01/set.)

Não haverá Aula: Estarei nos Estados Unidos para o Congresso da APSA Impedimentos a Ação Coletiva

Programa de Pós-Graduação (IESP-UERJ)

Mudanças Políticas I: Explicações Econômicas das Transições Políticas

Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1959. “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy”. The American Political Science Review, vol. 53, no _{1, pp. 69-105.}

Przeworski, Adam et al. 1996. “What Makes Democracies Endure?”. Journal of Democracy, vol. 7, no _{1, pp. 39-55.}

Acemoglu, Daron; Robinson, James A. 2001. “A Theory of Political Transitions”. The American Economic Review, vol. 91, no _{4, pp. 938-963.}

Boix, Carles. 2003. Democracy and Redistribution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 19-109 (Chapters 1-2)*.

Acemoglu, Daron et al. 2009. “Re-evaluating the Modernization Hypothesis”. Journal of Monetary Economics, vol. 56, no _{8, pp. 1043-1058.}

Semana 6 (15/set.)

Mudanças Políticas II: Modelos Estruturais de Revolução

Marx, Karl; Engels, Frederick. Orig. 1888. The Communist Manifesto. (Cap. 1) Bourgeois and Proletarians; Cap. 2 (Proletarians and Communists).

Moore, Barrington. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston Mass.: Beacon Press (Capítulo 1 e 7). [As Origens Sociais da Ditadura e da Democracia).

Skocpol, Theda. 1976. “France, Russia, China: A Structural Analysis of Social Revolutions”. Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 18, no _{2, pp. 175-210.}

Tilly, Charles. 1973. “Does Modernization Breed Revolution?” Comparative Politics, vol. 5, no _3,

pp. 425-447.

Scott, James C. 1979. “Revolution in the Revolution: Peasants and Commissars”. Theory and Society, vol. 7, nos _{1/2, pp. 97-134.}

Semana 7 (22/set.)

Mudanças Políticas III: Modelos Racionais (ou não) de Revolução

Kuran, Timur. 1991. “Now out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the Eastern European Revolution of 1989”. World Politics, vol. 44, no _{1, pp. 7-48.}

Weede, Erich; Muller, Edward N. 1998. “Rebellion, Violence and Revolution: A Rational Choice Perspective”. Journal of Peace Research, vol. 35, no _{1, pp. 43-59.}

Ginkel, John; Smith, Alastair. 1999. “So You Say You Want a Revolution? A Game Theoretic Explanation of Revolution in Repressive Regimes”. Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 43, no

3, pp. 291-316.

Masters, Daniel. 2004. “Support and Nonsupport for Nationalist Rebellion: A Prospect Theory Approach”. Political Psychology, vol. 25, no _{5, pp. 703-726.}

Siegel, David A. 2011. “When Does Repression Work? Collective Action and Social Networks”. Journal of Politics, vol. 73, no _{4, pp. 993-1010.}

Corcoran, Katie et al. 2015. “Perceptions of Structural Injustice and Efficacy Participation in Low/Moderate/High-Cost forms of Collective Action”. Sociological Inquiry, vol. 85, no _{3, pp.}

Programa de Pós-Graduação (IESP-UERJ)

Mudanças Políticas IV: Democratização

Bratton, Miachel; van de Walle, Nicolas. 1997. Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

ou

Mainwaring, Scott; Pérez-Liñán, Aníbal. 2013. Democracies and Dictatorship in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Semana 9 (06/out.)

Economia Política: O Estado e os Mercados

Bates, Robert H. 1981. Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press* (edição nova 2015).

Rogowski, Ronald. 2000. “Commerce and Coalitions: How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments”, in J. A. Frieden; D. A. Lake (eds.), International Political Economy: Perspectives on Global Power and Wealth. New York: Routledge, pp. 318-326.

Semana 10 (13/out.)

Sistemas Políticos: Democracia

Lijphart, Arend. 1989. “Democratic Political Systems: Types, Cases, Causes, and Consequences”. Journal of Theoretical Politics, vol. 1, no _{1, pp. 33-48.}

Dahl, Robert A. 1971. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, pp. 1-47 (capítulos 1-3)*.

Stepan, Alfred; Skach, Cindy. 1993. “Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarism versus Presidentialism”. World Politics, vol. 46, no _{1, pp. 1-22.}

Dahl, Robert A. 1994. “A Democratic Dilemma: System Effectiveness versus Citizen Participation”. Political Science Quarterly, vol. 109, no _{1, pp. 23-34.}

Remmer, Karen. 1996. “The Sustainability of Political Democracy: Lessons from South America”. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 29, no _{6, pp. 611-634.}

Jones, Mark. P. 2012. “The Diversity of Latin American Democracy”. World Politics Review

Semana 11 (20/out.)

Sistemas Políticos: Ditaduras

Gandhi, Jennifer; Przeworski, Adam. 2007. “Authoritarian Institutions and the Survival of Autocrats”. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 40, no _{11, pp. 1279-1301.}

Magaloni, Beatriz. 2007. “Credible Power-Sharing and the Longevity of Authoritarian Rule”. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 41, nos _{4-5, pp. 715-741.}

Boix, Carles; Svolik, Milan W. 2013. “The Foundations of Limited Authoritarian Government: Institutions Commitment and Power-Sharing in Dictatorships”. The Journal of Politics, vol. 75, no _{2, pp. 3010-3116.}

Falleti, Tulia G. 2011. “Varieties of Authoritarianism. The Organization of the Military State and its Effects on Federalism in Argentina and Brazil”. Studies in Comparative International Development, vol. 46, pp. 137-162.

Programa de Pós-Graduação (IESP-UERJ)

Wright, Joseph; Frantz, Erica; Geddes, Barbara. 2015. “Oil and Autocratic Regime Survival”. British Journal of Political Science, vol. 45, no _{2, pp. 287-306.}

Semana 12 (27/out.)

Sistemas Políticos: Instituições Democráticas (Partidos Políticos e Eleições)

Lijphart, Arend. 1990. “Political Consequences of Electoral Law, 1945-1985”. American Political Science Review, vol. 84, no _{2, pp. 481-496.}

Taagepera, Rein; Shugart, Matthew Soberg. 1993. “Predicting the Number of Parties: A Quantitative Model of Duverger’s Mechanical Effect”. The American Political Science Review vol. 87, no _{2, pp. 455-464.}

Amorim Neto, Octavio; Cox, Gary W. 1997. “Electoral Institutions, Cleavage Structures, and the Number of Parties”. American Journal of Political Science, vol. 41, no _{1, pp. 149-174.}

Roberts, Kenneth M.; Wibbel, Erik. 1999. “Party Systems and Electoral Volatility in Latin America: A Test of Economic, Institutional, and Structural Explanations”. American Political Science Review, vol. 93, no _{3, pp. 575-590.}

(Relações Executivo-Legislativo)

Laver, Michael; Shepsle, Kenneth A. 1990. “Government Coalitions and Intraparty Politics”. British Journal of Political Science, vol. 20, no _{4, pp. 489-507.}

Cox, Gary W.; Morgenstern, Scott. 2001. “Latin America's Reactive Assemblies and Proactive Presidents”. Comparative Politics, vol. 33, no _{2, pp. 171-189.}

Cheibub, Jose Antonio; Przeworski, Adam; Saiegh, Sebastian. 2004. “Government Coalitions and Legislative Success under Parliamentarism and Presidentialism”. British Journal of Political Science, vol. 34, pp. 565-587.

Amorim Neto, Octavio. 2006. “The Presidential Calculus: Executive Policy Making and Cabinet Formation in the Americas”. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 39, no _{4, pp. 415-440.}

Semana 13 (03/nov.)

Accountability Governmental

Kitschelt, Herbert. 2000. “Linkages between Citizens and Politicians in Democratic Polities”. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 33, nos _{6/7, pp. 845-879.}

Adserà, Alicia; Boix, Carles; Payne, Mark. 2003. “Are you Being Served? Political Accountability and the Quality of Government”. The Journal of Law, Economic & Organization, vol. 19, no _2,

pp. 445-490.

Moreno, Erika et al. 2003. “The Accountability Deficit in Latin America”, in S. Mainwaring; C. Welna (eds.), Democratic Accountability in Latin America. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 79-131.

Jensen, Nathan; Wantchekon, Leonard. 2004. “Resource Wealth and Political Regimes in Africa”. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 37, no _{7, pp. 816-841.}

Escribà-Folch, Abel. 2011. “Group Strength, Accountability and Growth under Dictatorship.” International Political Science Review, vol. 32, no _{1, pp. 5-22.}

Programa de Pós-Graduação (IESP-UERJ)

Sociedade I (Políticas de Identidade: Etnicidade, Partidos Políticos e Instituições)

Posner, Daniel N. 2004. “The Political Salience of Cultural Differences: Why Chewas and Tumbukas are Allies in Zambia and Adversaries in Malawi”. American Political Science Review, vol. 98, no _{4, pp. 529-545.}

Birnir, Johanna. 2004. “Stabilizing Party Systems and Excluding Segments of Society? The Effects of Formation Costs on Representation in Latin America”. Studies in Comparative International Development, vol. 39, no _{3, pp. 3-28.}

Chandra, Kanchan; Wilkinson, Steven. 2008. “Measuring the Effect of ‘Ethnicity’”. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 41, nos _{4/5, pp. 515-563.}

Dunning, Thad; Harrison, Lauren. 2010. “Cross-cutting Cleavages and Ethnic Voting: An Experimental Study of Cousinage in Mali”. American Political Science Review, vol. 104, pp. 21-39.

Eifert, Benn. 2010. “Political Competition and Ethnic Identification in Africa”. American Journal of Political Science, vol. 54, no _{2, pp. 494-510.}

Dunning, Thad and Janhavi Nilekani. 2013. “Ethnic Quotas and Political Mobilization: Caste, Parties and Distribution in Indian Village Councils.” American Political Science Review 107(1): 35-56.

Semana 15 (17/nov.)

Sociedade II (Políticas de Identidade: Identidade e Violência)

Anderson, Benedict. 2006. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London, Verso, pp. 1-46, 141-154.

Schwartz, Seth J. et al. 2009. “Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective”. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, vol. 32, pp. 537-559.

Midlarsky, Manus I. 2005. “The Demographics of Genocide: Refugees and Territorial Loss in the Mass Murder of European Jewry”. Journal of Peace Research, vol. 42, no _{4, pp. 375-391.}

Robinson, Kristpher K. et al. 2006. “Ideologies of Violence: The Social Origins of Islamist and Leftist Transnational Terrorism”. Social Forces, vol. 84, no _{4, pp. 2009-2026.}

Lyall, Jason. 2010. “Are Coethnics more Effective Counterinsurgents? Evidence from the Second Chechen War”. American Political Science Review, vol. 104, no _{1, pp. 1-20.}

Cederman, Lars-Erik et al. 2010. “Why Do Ethnic Groups Rebel? New Data and Analysis”. World Politics, vol. 62, no _{1, pp. 87-119.}