• Nenhum resultado encontrado

Is the air we breathe while sleeping conditioning our sleep quality?

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Is the air we breathe while sleeping conditioning our sleep quality?"

Copied!
28
0
0

Texto

(1)

I

S

THE

AIR

WE

BREATHE

WHILE

SLEEPING

CONDITIONING

OUR

SLEEP

QUALITY

?

N. Canha

1,2,*

, J. Lage

1

, J. Belo

3

, C. Viegas

4,5

, T. Faria

1

, S. Cabo Verde

1

,

M. Meira Cruz

6,7

, C. Alves

2

, S.M. Almeida

1

1 C2TN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal |2 CESAM, University of Aveiro, Portugal 3 ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal 4GIAS, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal 5Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal

6Portuguese Association of Chronobiology and Sleep Medicine, Portugal 7Autonomic Function Group, Cardiovascular Center of Lisbon University, Portugal

(2)

O

UTLINE

1. Background

2. Goals

3. Methodology

4. Preliminary Results

5. Conclusions and future work

(3)

1. B

ACKGROUND

ICUH

Human exposure to air pollution

PM10 PM2.5 O3 NO2 SO2 B(a)P 16% 8% 8% 7% 0.5% 24% PM10 PM2.5 O3 NO2 SO2 B(a)P 50% 88% 96% 7% 42% 88% Valor limite União

Europeia

Valor guia Organização Mundial de Saúde

EU Limit Value WHO

Guideline Value

Air Quality in Europe – 2016 Report EEA Report | No 28/2016

40 µg.m-3

25 µg.m-3

20 µg.m-3

(4)

1. B

ACKGROUND

Human exposure to air pollution

Air quality monitoring station

Is this strategy representative of the human exposure?

(5)

1. B

ACKGROUND

Human exposure to air pollution

Is this strategy representative of the human exposure?

N

O

1

High variability of air pollutants concentration

within a city

N

O

2

People spend more than 90% of their time at

indoor environments

N

O

3

High variability of patterns of spaces’

occupation within the population

(6)

1. B

ACKGROUND

Human exposure to air pollution

(7)

1. B

ACKGROUND

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Outdoor Schools Homes Integrated

exposure

[PM

10]

g.m

-3

)

EU LV WHO LV

ICUH

(8)

1. B

ACKGROUND

Homes

Around 1/3 of our life is

spent sleeping

W

HAT

DO

WE

KNOW

NOW

?

(9)

Sleep has a vital role in human welfare

1. B

ACKGROUND

Homes

Around 1/3 of our life is

spent sleeping

1

Low ventilation rates

2

Breathing area closer to potential sources of pollutants

3

Lack of studies about exposure during sleep

4

(10)

1. B

ACKGROUND

Why sleep matters – the economic costs of

insufficient sleep [2016]

ICUH

Sleep has an overall impact on the countries’ richness

1

Lower productivity levels and higher mortality

risks related to insufficient sleep can result in substantial economic losses to modern economies

2

Insufficient sleep among its populations cost the 5 OECD countries under consideration (USA, UK, Japan, Germany and Canada) up to $680 billion of economic output lost every year.

(11)

1. B

ACKGROUND

Preliminary study

CDCW CDOW ODCW ODOW

0 20 25 30 35 Te mp er atu re (ºC)

CDCW CDOP ODCW ODOW

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 [CH 2 O] m g m -3

CDCW CDOW ODCW ODOW

0 2 4 6 8 10 [CO] m g m -3

CDCW CDOW ODCW ODOW

0 30 40 50 60 Relative Humidity (% )

CDCW CDOW ODCW ODOW

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 [V OC] m g m -3

CDCW CDOW ODCW ODOW

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 [P M2 .5 ]  g m -3

CDCW CDOW ODCW ODOW

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 [P M1 0 ]  g m -3

CDCW CDOW ODCW ODOW

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 [P M1 ]  g m -3

CDCW CDOW ODCW ODOW

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 [CO 2 ] m g m -3 • Multi-pollutant approach • Values above guidelines

were found for VOC,

formaldehyde and PM2.5

N. Canha, J. Lage, S. Candeias, C. Alves, S.M. Almeida (2017) Indoor air quality during sleep under different ventilation patterns.

Atmospheric Pollution Research (in press).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2017.05.004 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 P M con ce n tr at ion s g m -3) Time (minutes) PM2.5-PM10 PM1-PM2.5 PM1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 P M con ce n tr at ion s g m -3) Time (minutes) PM2.5-PM10 PM1-PM2.5 PM1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 P M con ce n tr at ion s g m -3) Time (minutes) PM2.5-PM10 PM1-PM2.5 PM1 CDCW – Day 2 ODOW – Day 2 Movement tests A B C

ICUH

(12)

2. G

OALS

D

OES

I

NDOOR

A

IR

Q

UALITY

INFLUENCES

S

LEEP

Q

UALITY

?

(13)

3. M

ETHODOLOGY

D

OES

I

NDOOR

A

IR

Q

UALITY

INFLUENCES

S

LEEP

Q

UALITY

?

IAQ monitoring

(multi-pollutant approach)

Sleep quality assessment

Multi-disciplinary team

(14)

3. M

ETHODOLOGY

Strategy

Assessment of IAQ at bedrooms and sleep parameters

Study population

Monitoring Period

(per bedroom) Lisbon district, Portugal

Healthy, non-smokers, aged between 25 – 45 years old

Total of 10 days (starting Monday and ending on Wednesday)

10 homes (10 couples) GrayWolf - Wolfsense Continuous monitoring IAQ Monitoring Actigraphy10 days PSG2 days IAQ 3days T, RH, CO2, CO, VOCs Formaldemeter Htv-M Formaldehyde DustTrak PM1, PM2.5, PM10

Physical and Chemical parameters

Fungi

Sampling of air samples of the bedroom (250L), in triplicates, before and after sleep

Bacteria

Microbiological Parameters

Actigraphy

Sleep and Activity Monitoring

Activity

Polysomnography Sleep structure and parameters

D

OES

I

NDOOR

A

IR

Q

UALITY

INFLUENCES

S

LEEP

Q

UALITY

?

(15)

3. M

ETHODOLOGY

In situ apparatus (black box)

ICUH

IAQ monitoring

(16)

3. M

ETHODOLOGY

ICUH

Polysomnography – 2 nights

Assessment of Sleep Quality

Actigraphy – 10 days

Individual questionnaires

• SomnoWacht® actigraph

• Sleep/wake rhythm monitoring

• Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) • Berlim Questionnaire (BQ)

• Sleep diary

• Polysomnography- level II was used in volunteers

• Sleep parameters:

• Total sleep time • Sleep latency

• REM sleep latency • Sleep efficiency

• Heart rate variability

• Respiratory disturbance index • Oxygen desaturation index • and others

(17)

3. M

ETHODOLOGY

ICUH

Polysomnography – 2 nights

Assessment of Sleep Quality

Actigraphy – 10 days

Individual questionnaires

• SomnoWacht® actigraph

• Sleep/wake rhythm monitoring

• Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) • Berlim Questionnaire (BQ)

(18)

4. R

ESULTS

CO

2

Concentrations

• Sleeping period lasted for 7 hours (eg. Couple 5)

• Sleeping period always had mean CO2 values higher than LV of 2250mg.m-3 (Portuguese legislation)

ICUH

0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.000 22:48 0:00 1:12 2:24 3:36 4:48 6:00 7:12 8:24 [C O 2 ] (m g /m 3 )

Time (sleeping period)

Carbon Dioxide

Day 1 Day 3 LV, mg/m3

(19)

4. P

RELIMINARY

R

ESULTS

Particulate Matter during sleep

ICUH

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 60 11 40 22 20 33 00 43 80 54 60 65 40 76 20 87 00 97 80 1 0 8 6 0 1 1 9 4 0 1 3 0 2 0 1 4 1 0 0 1 5 1 8 0 1 6 2 6 0 1 7 3 4 0 1 8 4 2 0 1 9 5 0 0 2 0 5 8 0 2 1 6 6 0 2 2 7 4 0 2 3 8 2 0 2 4 9 0 0 2 5 9 8 0 2 7 0 6 0 2 8 1 4 0 2 9 2 2 0 3 0 3 0 0 3 1 3 8 0 3 2 4 6 0 3 3 5 4 0 3 4 6 2 0 3 5 7 0 0 3 6 7 8 0 3 7 8 6 0 3 8 9 4 0 4 0 0 2 0 PM co n cen tr atio n s (µg m -3 ) Time (s) PM2.5-PM10 PM1-PM2.5 PM1

Day 1

Example: Couple 5

(20)

4. P

RELIMINARY

R

ESULTS

PM2.5 (µg.m-3) PM10 (µg.m-3) Indoor 31.0 ± 9.5 [17.0 – 62.0] 39.0 ± 13.2 [20.0 – 90.0] LV 25 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 PM 2 .5 , µg. m -3

Time (sleeping period, minutes)

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 LV PM2.5

Particulate Matter during sleep

Example: Couple 5

(21)

4. P

RELIMINARY

R

ESULTS

Fungi

ICUH

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 CF U /m 3 Sample Night Morning * * * * * * * *

* Exceedance of Recommended Limit Value [Indoor > Outdoor]

Fungi (CFU/m3) Night 158 ± 91 Morning 199 ± 178 Indoor > Outdoor Night 3 Morning 5

(22)

4. P

RELIMINARY

R

ESULTS

Fungi

ICUH

• 45 different Fungi species found • More prevalence of 3 Fungi species: • Penicillium sp. (27%) • Cladosporium sp. (22%) • Chrysosporium sp. (22%) Penicillium 27% Cladosporium 22% Chrysosporium 22% Chrysonilia 7% Alternaria 5% Rhyzopus 4% Mucor 3% Others 10%

Prevalence of Fungi species at bedroom

Penicillium Cladosporium Chrysosporium Chrysonilia

Alternaria Rhyzopus Mucor Others

Penicillium 27% Cladosporium 22% Chrysosporium 22% Chrysonilia 7% Alternaria 5% Rhyzopus 4% Mucor 3% Others 10%

Prevalence of Fungi species at bedroom

Penicillium Cladosporium Chrysosporium Chrysonilia

Alternaria Rhyzopus Mucor Others

Rhizopus sp. 4% Alternaria sp. 5% Chrysonilia sp. 7% Mucor sp. 3% Penicillium sp. 27% Cladosporium sp. 27% Chrysosporium sp. 22% Penicillium 27% Cladosporium 22% Chrysosporium 22% Chrysonilia 7% Alternaria 5% Rhyzopus 4% Mucor 3% Others 10%

Prevalence of Fungi species at bedroom

Penicillium Cladosporium Chrysosporium Chrysonilia

Alternaria Rhyzopus Mucor Others

Penicillium 27% Cladosporium 22% Chrysosporium 22% Chrysonilia 7% Alternaria 5% Rhyzopus 4% Mucor 3% Others 10%

Prevalence of Fungi species at bedroom

Penicillium Cladosporium Chrysosporium Chrysonilia

Alternaria Rhyzopus Mucor Others

Penicillium sp. Alternaria sp. Penicillium 27% Cladosporium 22% Chrysosporium 22% Chrysonilia 7% Alternaria 5% Rhyzopus 4% Mucor 3% Others 10%

Prevalence of Fungi species at bedroom

Penicillium Cladosporium Chrysosporium Chrysonilia

Alternaria Rhyzopus Mucor Others

Cladosporium sp. Rhizopus sp. Penicillium 27% Cladosporium 22% Chrysosporium 22% Chrysonilia 7% Alternaria 5% Rhyzopus 4% Mucor 3% Others 10%

Prevalence of Fungi species at bedroom

Penicillium Cladosporium Chrysosporium Chrysonilia

Alternaria Rhyzopus Mucor Others

Chrysosporium sp. Mucor sp.

(23)

4. P

RELIMINARY

R

ESULTS

Bacteria

Bacteria (CFU/m3) Night 571 ± 181 Morning 1458 ± 1732

ICUH

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 CF U /m 3 Sample Night Morning * * * * * * * * * * * *

*Exceedance of Recommended Limit Value [Outdoor + 350 CFU/m3]

Indoor > LV

Night 5

(24)

4. P

RELIMINARY

R

ESULTS

ICUH

Actigraphy

(25)

4. P

RELIMINARY

R

ESULTS

Polysomnography

Example: Couple 5 - Man

(26)

5. C

ONCLUSIONS

AND

F

UTURE

WORK

• Several pollutants (PM2.5, CO

2

, VOCs, CH

2

OH, bacteria and fungi)

have been found to be above limit values established by

Portuguese legislation

• Sleep quality will be assessed in each case by actigraphy and

polysomnography with the aim of using actigraphy as a sleep

quality surrogate

• Future work will evaluate different settings (type of area –

urban/rural, seasons, type of household, others)

ICUH

• Associations between sleep quality and indoor air quality during

sleep will be assessed in order to understand which are the main

environmental factors that influence sleep quality

(27)

6. A

CKNOWLEDGMENTS

• Postdoc grant SFRH/BPD/102944/2014 • Project UID/Multi/04349/2013 - C2TN/IST • Project UID/AMB/50017/2013 - CESAM

ICUH

(28)

Referências

Documentos relacionados

A segregação, coleta seletiva e estocagem temporária dos resíduos gerados na obra do mineroduto deverão atender aos procedimentos previstos no plano corporativo de gerenciamento de

e) Declaração original, informando se exerce outra atividade remunerada, se recebe pensão, pensão alimentícia, renda de aluguel e/ou arrendamento, informando em todos os casos os

Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as diferenças sobre perímetro, composição corporal e quantidade de água no braço que exerceu um programa de

d) Coordenar as actividades do respectivo departamento com os demais serviços internos competentes;.. e) Elaborar relatórios mensais, trimestrais e anuais, ou quais-quer relatórios

fotoacústico em sólidos duas principais correntes foram desen- volvidas para o estudo dos materiais. Dentro das propriedades térmicas, encontra-se o es tudo de

§  5º  A  inscrição  no  SIMPLES  veda,  para  a  microempresa  ou  empresa  de  pequeno  porte,  a 

(2010), que estudaram cordeiros produzidos em quatro sis- temas de terminação abatidos aos 32 kg e mostraram que os sistemas de terminação também não afetaram o

Alterações nos parâmetros para o diagnóstico da síndrome metabólica nos períodos pré e pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à GRDIYR em uma Clínica Especializada em Cirurgia