A new species of Zethus (Zethusculus) de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from southern Brazil

RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia59(2015)138–140

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REVISTA

BRASILEIRA

DE

Entomologia

Systematics,

Morphology

and

Biogeography

A

new

species

of

Zethus

(Zethusculus)

de

Saussure

(Hymenoptera,

Vespidae,

Eumeninae)

from

southern

Brazil

Rogério

Botion

Lopes

_,

_Marcel

_Gustavo

_Hermes

a_{DepartamentodeBiologia,FaculdadedeFilosofia,CiênciaseLetrasdeRibeirãoPreto,UniversidadedeSãoPaulo(USP),RibeirãoPreto,SP,Brazil} b_{DepartamentodeBiologia,UniversidadeFederaldeLavras(UFLA),Lavras,MG,Brazil}

a

r

t

i

c

l

e

i

n

f

o

Articlehistory:

Received11December2014 Accepted13February2015 Availableonline9April2015 AssociateEditor:KevinWilliams Keywords:

Masonwasps Taxonomy Zethusarietisgroup

a

b

s

t

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a

c

t

Zethus(Zethusculus)paschoali,anewspeciesfromPiraquara,Paraná,Brazil,isdescribedandpictures comparingittosimilarspeciesarepresented.

©2015SociedadeBrasileiradeEntomologia.PublishedbyElsevierEditoraLtda.Allrightsreserved.

Introduction

EumeninaeisthelargestsubfamilyofVespidae,havingZethus (Fabricius,1804)asitslargestgenuswith255speciesworld-wide, ofwhich220areNeotropical(LopesandNoll,2014).Thespecies oftheWesternHemisphereweredividedinthreesubgenerainthe lastrevision:Z.(Zethus)(Fabricius,1804),Z.(Zethoides)Fox,1899 andZ.(Zethusculus)deSaussure,1855,eachfurtherdividedinto eighteen,eightandthreespeciesgroups,respectively(Bohartand

Stange,1965).Thesegroupswereconsiderednaturalphylogenetic

groups,althoughnokindofphylogeneticanalysiswascarriedout. AfterBohartandStange’s(1965)study,nowiderevisionwasmade, butworksdescribingnewspecies,synonymsandrevalidationof specieswerepublished(listedinLopesandNoll,2014).

Zethus(Zethusculus)isthesmallestNewWorldsubgenuswith 26validspecies,ofwhichonlytwoweredescribed(Stange,1997) afterBohartandStange(1965).Inthisstudy,anewspecies belong-ingtothissubgenusisdescribedandillustrated.

Materialandmethods

OnespecimenofZethus,depositedintheUniversidadeFederal deLavras(UFLA),wasexamined.Themorphologicalnomenclature adoptedfollowsCarpenterandGarcete-Barrett(2002),whilemore specifictermsfollowBohartandStange(1965)andLopesandNoll

∗ Correspondingauthor.

E-mail:rbotlopes@gmail.com(R.B.Lopes).

(2014).Tergumandsternumwillbe,respectively,abbreviatedas

TandS.PicturesweretakenwithaLeicaMZ16stereoscopeand imageslatereditedinCombineZPandinPhotoshopCS6.

Results

AccordingtoBohartand Stange’s(1965)keys,theexamined female is placed within Z. (Zethusculus)due toits microstriate clypeus.ItalsofitsintotheZ.arietisgroupbecauseofthestemof T-IIwithlengthsubequaltothatofT-I,T-Inotcoarselyandclosely micropunctate,andgastralsegmentsIII–VIwithoutyellow macu-lation.Speciesinthisgroupareremarkablysimilar,butinthekeyto species,thisspecimenrunsdowntocouplet16,wherethe macrop-unctationdensityofT-IIisthekeyfeaturetofollowthroughthenext couplet.However,thiswasphasnosuchpunctuation,with obso-letepuncturesatmost,whencomparedtosimilarspecies,making itimpossibletoadvanceinthekey.Thisfeature,alongwithother charactersmentionedinthediagnosis,ensuresthatthisspecimen belongstoanewdistinctspecies.

Zethus (Zethusculus) paschoali Lopes & Hermes, sp. n.

(Figs.1–3,7and10).

Diagnosis – The absence of evident macropunctation in the second tergum(Fig.3) is distinct in this taxonsince theother knownspeciespresentthisfeature,whichevenvaryinitsdensity

(Figs. 4–6).Thepronotalcarina,thatis mostlyshortand

lamel-laronlymedially(Fig.7),readilyseparatesitfromtheremainder ofthegroup,whosecarinaislamellaracrossitsentireextension (Fig.8)orentirelylow(Fig.9).Finally,theshortmediancarinaof thepropodeum(Fig.10),althoughhardertonotice,alsoseemsto http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.03.010

R.B.Lopes,M.G.Hermes/RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia59(2015)138–140 139

Figs.1–2.Zethus(Zethusculus)paschoalisp.n.,holotypefemale–scale:1mm.1.Head,frontalview.2.Habitus.

Figs.3–11.DiagnosticfeaturesofZethuspaschoalicomparedtorelatedtaxa.3–6.Secondmetasomaltergum,dorsalview–scale:1mm.3.Z.paschoali.4.Z.shrottkyanus5.Z. romandinus.6.Z.fraternus.7–8.Pronotalcarina,obliquedorsalview–scale:0.5mm.7.Z.paschoali.8.Z.romandinus.9.Z.arietis.10–11.Propodeum,posteriorview–scale: 0.25mm.10.Z.paschoali,mediancarinapointedbyarrow.11.Z.romandinus.

140 R.B.Lopes,M.G.Hermes/RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia59(2015)138–140 distinguishthisspeciesfromothersinthegroup,sincespecimens

fromotherrelatedtaxalackthisfeature(Fig.11).

Description–Coloration:Black.Onlytwospotsabove anten-nalsocketsandasubapicalbandonT-I(interruptedmedially)are yellow.Structure:Clypeuswider thanlong,withapicalmargin weaklytridentate;humeriroundedwithanglesslightlyprojected; pronotalcarinaextremelylow,butraisingandbecominglamellar incentralportion;outermarginoftegulaslightlybowedin pos-teriorthird;midtibiaewithonlyonedevelopedspur;propodeal apertureabsent;stemofT-IIsubequaltothatofT-I;apicallamella ofT-IIIregular,nottrilobate.Forewinglength:12.3mm.

Sculp-ture:Clypeusandlowerpartoffronsmicrostriatewithmoderate

macropunctuation;remainderoffronswithdenser macropunctua-tioninterspersedbydensemicropunctuation;dorsumofpronotum striatopunctate;mesoscutumwithoutdiscoidpunctureand mod-eratelymacropunctatewithdensemicropunctuation;propodeum withlateralcarinaextendingtwo-thirdsfromwingbaseto sub-marginalcarinaandwithweaklydeveloped,butevidentmedian carina apically; T-I moderately punctate, without narrow strip basadofspiracle;T-IIwithdensemicropunctuationbutwithout anyevident macropunctures.Pilosity: Golden; head,pronotum andscutellumnearlybare;shortand densein theunderside of mesosoma,coxaeandtrochanters,anteriorandposteriorportions ofmesepisternumandsidesofpropodeum;longandthinin metan-otumandpropodeum;tomentuminT-IandT-II;longandthick setaeinT-II.

TypeMaterial–Holotype,female[UFLA],BRAZIL:Brasil,Paraná, Piraquara/xi.2005/P.C.Grossicol.

Etymology – The species is named after Paschoal Grossi, a dear friendand anexceptional insectcollector.Despite beinga coleopterologist,Dr.Grossihasbeenkindlydonatingspecimens andhencecontributingtotheknowledgeoftheeumenineBrazilian fauna.

Conflictsofinterest

Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictsofinterest.

Acknowledgments

Thanksto FAPEMIG(grant number CRA-APQ-01573-13) and CAPESforfinancialsupportandPaschoalGrossiforcollectingand donatingthespecimen.

References

Bohart,R.M.,Stange,L.A.,1965.ArevisionofthegenusZethusFabriciusinthe West-ernHemisphere(Hymenoptera:Eumenidae),vol.40.UniversityofCalifornia PublicationsinEntomology,CaliforniaUniversityPress.

Carpenter,J.M.,Garcete-Barrett,B.R.,2002.AkeytotheNeotropicalgeneraof Eumeninae(Hymenoptera:Vespidae).Bol.MNHNPY14,52–73.

Lopes,R.B., Noll, F.B., 2014. Notes onthe Neotropical Zethus Fabricius,1804 (Hymenoptera,Vespidae,Eumeninae)withthedescriptionoftwonewspecies fromBrazil.Zootaxa3784,179–186.

Stange,L.A.,1997.TheZethusofVenezuela(Hymenoptera:Eumenidae).Insecta Mundi11,311–324.