RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia63(2019)234–237
REVISTA
BRASILEIRA
DE
Entomologia
AJournalonInsectDiversityandEvolutionw w w . r b e n t o m o l o g i a . c o m
Systematics,
Morphology
and
Biogeography
Lopesia
leandrae
(Diptera,
Cecidomyiidae),
a
new
species
of
gall
midge
associated
with
Leandra
ionopogon
(Mart.)
Cogn.
(Melastomataceae),
a
native
plant
to
Brazil
Valéria
Cid
Maia
MuseuNacional,QuintadaBoaVista,RiodeJaneiro,RJ,Brazil
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
i
n
f
o
Articlehistory:
Received18February2019
Accepted12April2019
Availableonline7May2019
AssociateEditor:AndrzejGrzywacz
Keywords: Insect–plantinteraction Morphology Neotropical Taxonomy
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
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Lopesialeandrae(Diptera,Cecidomyiidae),anewgallingspeciesassociated withLeandraionopogon (Melastomataceae),anativeplantspeciestoBrazil,isdescribedbasedonlarva,pupalexuvia,male andfemale.L.leandraegallswerecollectedinanareaofAtlanticForestinBertioga,stateofSãoPaulo, SoutheasternBrazil.ThenewspecieswascomparedtotheotherspeciesofLopesia.
©2019SociedadeBrasileiradeEntomologia.PublishedbyElsevierEditoraLtda.Thisisanopen accessarticleundertheCCBY-NC-NDlicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Introduction
Leandraionopogon(Mart.)Cogn.(Melastomataceae)isanative planttoBrazil,whereitoccursintheAtlanticForestandCerrado andhasbeenfoundfromBahia(NortheastRegion)toSantaCatarina (SouthRegion)(FloradoBrasil,2019).
Asingleinsectgallmorphotypeisknownonthisplantspecies.It wasrecordedbyMaiaetal.(2008),inaninventoryofgallperformed inthemunicipalityofBertioga(23◦5116S–46◦0819W0),state ofSãoPaulo(SoutheasternBrazil),inareasoccupiedbyAtlantic For-est(restingaphysiognomy).Theauthorsidentifiedtheinduceras Lopesiasp.(Diptera,Cecidomyiidae).Thisspeciesinducesgloboid, greenorred,hairyleafgalls(Fig.77inMaiaetal.,2008).
LopesiaRübsaamen,1908isagenusofgallmidgesknownfrom 29 described species. Although it hasa wide geographical dis-tribution,mostspecies(24)arefromtheNeotropicalregion(20 describedfromBrazil),whilethreeareAfrotropical,oneis Nearc-tic,andoneisAustralasian(GagnéandJaschhof,2017;Maiaand Oliveira,2018;GarciaandUrso-Guimarães,2018).
Inthisstudy,anewspeciesofLopesiathatinducesgloboid, red-dish,hairygallsonleavesofL.ionopogonisdescribedbasedon materialfromSãoPaulo.
E-mail:maiavcid@acd.ufrj.br
Materialandmethods
Specimens(males, females,pupalexuviae andlarvae)ofthe CecidomyiidaeCollectionoftheMuseuNacional/Universidade Fed-eraldoRiodeJaneiro(MNRJ)werestudied.Allofthemaremounted onglassslidesinCanadabalsam.Adultmorphologicalterminology followsCummingandWood(2009)andthatofthelarvalandpupal stagesfollowsGagné(1989).Anatomicaldrawingsweremadewith theuseofacameralucidaattachedtoaphasecontrastmicroscope. AlldrawingswerescannedandtheneditedusingCorelDRAW®.
Measuresofmorphologicalstructureswereobtainedusinga microscopeslidewithscalefrom0.01mmto5.0mm.Thenumber ofdorsalspinespresentfromthesecondtotheeightabdominal segmentswasrecorded.
Lopesialeandrae,sp.n.(Figs.1–13)
Thenewspecies wasplaced inLopesiabypresentingfouror three-segmentedpalpi,R5curvedatitsjuncturewithRs,Rs sit-uatednearthemidlengthofR1,shortfemalepostabdomenand itscerciwithmanyshort,sensorysetae,andlarvawithcorniform terminalpapillae,eachonaterminalprojection.
Diagnosis.Adultswith1st–11thantennalflagellomeresneck partiallysetuloseinbothsexes,12thflagellomerewithapical pro-cessentirelysetuloseinbothsexes,three-orfour-segmentedpalpi, allmalecircumfilawithshortloopssimilarinlength,tarsalclaw withtwo teeth, 8th male tergite narrow, elongated,with only basalpairoftrichoidsensilla;pupawithantennalhornbifid,with innermarginnotserrated,apicalplatewithabilobedprojectionat https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2019.04.002
0085-5626/©2019SociedadeBrasileiradeEntomologia.PublishedbyElsevierEditoraLtda.Thisis anopenaccessarticleundertheCCBY-NC-NDlicense(http://
V.C.Maia/RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia63(2019)234–237 235
Figs.1–2.Lopesialeandrae,sp.n.,larva1.Prothoracicspatulaandassociatedpapillae
(ventralview).2.8th–9thabdominalsegments(ventralview).Scalebarsinmm.
superior margin, prothoracic spiracle long, abdominal spiracles from 1st to6th abdominal segments prominent, dorsal spines present;larvawithspatulatwo-toothedandfourpairsofcorniform terminalpapillae.
Larva. Fusiform and cylindrical body; 3.50–4.40mm long (n=13).Integumentrough.Spatula(Fig.1)(n=9):0.16–0.20mm long,two-toothed,apicalteethtriangular0.020–0.033mmlong, stalklong0.14–0.17mm;lateralprojectionpresentorabsent,base wide.Twogroupsofthreelateralpapillaeoneach sideof spat-ula(twopairssetoseandonepairasetoseineachgroup)(Fig.1). Terminalsegment(Fig.2)(n=14):0.21–0.28mmlong,bilobedat posterior margin,lobes 0.06–0.19mmlong, each onewithfour corniformpapillae,allsimilarinlength.
Pupa. Body length: 3.50–4.60mm (n=14). Head (Fig. 3): apical setae 0.03–0.04mm long (n=11); vertical plate with projection slightly bilobed at upper margin, antennal horn bifid, 0.05–0.12mm long (n=13), antennal base 0.21–0.24mm long (n=13); two pairs of lower facial papillae (one asetose and the other setose), three pairs of lateral facial papillae, one pair setose and two without seta. Prothoracic spiracle (Fig. 4)elongate 0.40–0.57mm long (n=14), setiform, strongly sclerotized. Prothoracic integument partially rough. Abdomi-nal segments 2–8 with dorsal spines (Table 1), spinny dorsal
Figs.3–4.Lopesialeandrae,sp.n.,pupa.4.Head(ventralview).5.Seventhabdominal
segment(dorsalview).Scalebarsinmm.
Table1
DistributionofdorsalspinesperabdominalsegmentinpupaofLopesialeandrae,sp.
n.
Abdominalsegment
Numberofdorsalspines 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
Specimen1 7 7 6 6 4 5 4 Specimen2 4 7 8 7 5 5 3 Specimen3 6 5 5 6 5 5 3 Specimen4 7 9 6 6 4 5 3 Specimen5 6 5 6 6 6 5 4 Specimen6 5 7 6 6 5 4 4 Specimen7 6 8 7 6 7 6 3 Specimen8 5 5 6 5 3 5 3 Specimen9 7 7 8 8 8 5 4
and ventrally. First through sixth abdominal segments with prominent spiracles (0.07mm). Terminal segment (n=7): 0.22–0.25mmlong,bilobedapically,lobes0.10–0.14mmlong
Adult.Male:bodylength3.00–3.60mmlong(n=7)(including terminalia).Head(Fig.5):apicalprocessabsent.Eyefacetscircular, allcloselyapproximated.Antenna:scapeobconicalwithasingle longsetaasvestiture,pedicelglobosewithtworows ofseveral setae,flagellomeresbinodalandtricircumfilar;nodesand intern-odessetulose,necks partially setulose; threecircumfilaof each flagellomerewithshortloops(Fig.6);firstandsecond flagellom-eresconnate,twelfthflagellomere0.18–0.19mmlong(n=3),with apicalprocessentirelysetulose0.05mmlong(n=3).Frontoclypeus with8setae.Labrumtriangular,long-attenuate,with2pairsof ventralsensorysetae.Hypopharynxwithanteriorlydirected lat-eralsetulae.Labellaelongate-convex,eachfewlonglateralsetae andthreepairsofshortmesalsensorysetae.Palpuswiththreeor foursegmentssetose,thefirstglobose,theotherscylindrical,1st segmentshorterthantheothers;whenthree-segmented(n=4):
236 V.C.Maia/RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia63(2019)234–237
Figs.5–8.Lopesialeandrae,sp.n.,male.5.Head(frontalview).6.Fifthflagellomere.
7.Foreleg,tarsalclawandempodium(lateralview).8.Wing.Scalebarsinmm.
1stsegment0.04mmlong,2ndsegment0.08long,3rdsegment 0.10–0.11mm long; when four-segmented (n=1): 1st segment 0.04mmlong,2ndsegment0.06long,3rdsegment0.06mmlong, and4thsegment0.07mmlong(Fig.7).
Thorax.Wings(Fig.8):length:2.30–2.70mm(n=7).Venation: R5andRsasinthegenusdiagnosis,CuAforked,M3+4present. Scu-tumwith4longitudinalrowsofsetaewithafewscalesintermixed, the2dorsocentralrowsbroadestanteriorly,formingasinglerow posteriorly,andthe2lateralasasinglerow.Scutellumwith sev-eralscatteredsetae.Anepisternumbare.Anepimeronwith9setae. Tarsalclawsbentnearbaseandtwo-toothed,basaltoothshorter thanthedistal;empodiumshort,notreachingbendinclaws(Fig.8). Abdomen(Fig.9):1st–6thtergitessclerotized,rectangular,with asingledistalrowofsetae,fewsetaelaterally,basalpairoftrichoid sensilla,andscatteredscales;7thtergitesclerotized,rectangular, withonlybasalpairoftrichoidsensilla;8thtergitesclerotized, nar-row,elongated,withonlybasalpairoftrichoidsensilla.2nd–5th sternitessclerotized,rectangular,withasingledistalrowofsetae, somesetaemesallyandlaterally,basalpairoftrichoidsensilla,and scatteredscales;6thsternitesclerotized,rectangular,witha dou-bledistalrowofsetae,severalsetaemesallyandlaterally,basal pairof trichoidsensilla, and scatteredscales; 7th–8thsternites sclerotized, rectangular,withseveral setaeat 2/3distal, lateral setae,basalpairoftrichoidsensillaandscatteredscales. Termi-nalia (Fig. 10): gonocoxite partially setose, 0.23–0.24mm long, 0.08–0.09mmwide(n=06),withsetulosemesobasallobe; gonos-tylussetulosebasally,striatedbeyondbasis,0.23–0.25mmlong, 0.02–0.03mmwide(n=06);cerciapicallyroundedwithsetaeand setulae,cercallobesalmostparallel;hypoproctbilobed,withsetae andsetulae,lobesroundedapically;hypoproctandcercussimilar
Figs.9–10.Lopesialeandrae,sp.n.,male.9.6th–8thabdominalsegments(lateral
view).10.Terminalia(dorsalview).Scalebarsinmm.
inlenght;aedeagusaccentuatelylongerthanhypoproct,taperedto apex,roundedapically,withseveralasetosepapillaelaterally.
Adult.Female:bodylength3.30–4.40mmlong(n=7)(including ovipositor).Antenna:scapeandpedicelasinmale,flagellomeres cylindrical;nodesentirelysetuloseand neckspartiallysetulose; circumfilaastworings,connectedhorizontal,notsinuous(Fig.11), 12thflagellomere0.13mmlong (n=1), entirelysetulose,apical process0.04mmlong(n=1).Frontoclypeuswith7setae(n=9). Pal-pus(n=9):threeorfour-segmented:thefirstglobose,theothers cylindrical, 1st segment shorter than the others; when three-segmented(n=3):1stsegment0.04–0.05mmlong,2ndsegment 0.08long,3rdsegment0.11–0.14mmlong;whenfour-segmented (n=1):1stsegment0.03mmlong,2ndsegment0.08long,3rd seg-ment0.06mmlong,and4thsegment0.05mmlong.
Thorax.Wings:length:2.60–3.20mm(n=7).Otherfeaturesas inmale.
Abdomen(Fig.12):1st–6thtergitesasinmale;7thtergite scle-rotized,rectangular,withadoubledistalrowofsetae,severalsetae mesallyandlaterally,basalpairoftrichoidsensilla,andscattered scales,8thtergitenotsclerotized,withonlybasalpairoftrichoid sensilla;2nd–6thsternitesasinmale,7thsterniteasinmale,8th sternitesnotsclerotized,withonlybasalpairoftrichoidsensilla.
Ovipositorbarelyprotrusible,0.25mmlong(frombasalmargin of segment 9 to cerci apex) (n=1), cerci separate elongate-ovoid,0.14–0.15mmlong,0.04–0.05mmwide(n=3)andsetose, hypoproctwithsetaeandsetulae(Fig.13).
Etymology.Thenameleandraereferstothehostplantgenus. Materialexamined.Holotypemale.Brazil,SãoPaulo:Bertioga, Fazenda Pinto, 22.V.2004, V. Maia col., MNRJ. Paratypes, same locality, dataand collector – 2 males,3 females;same locality and collector – 26/VIII/2004 – 9 pupalexuviae; 23.IX.2004 –2 pupalexuviaeand1female17/XI/2004–2larvae,2pupal exu-viae,2females;27/IV/2005,3larva;16/V/2005–1larva;17/V/
V.C.Maia/RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia63(2019)234–237 237
Figs.11–13.Lopesialeandrae,sp.n.,female.11.Fifthflagellomere.12.6th–8th
abdominalsegments(lateralview).13.Cerci(ventralview).Scalebarsinmm.
2005–1larva;Bertioga,Itaguaré,samecollector,23/V/2004–1 larva;30.VII.2004–3larvae;24/VIII/2004–1male;30/VIII/2004 –1 male;21/IX/2004– 2pupalexuviae, 20/X/2004 –1 female; 16/XI/2004–4larvae;29/III/2005–1larvaand3pupalexuviae, MNRJ.
Distribution.Brazil:SãoPaulo,Bertioga.
Comments.Lopesiaincludesadultswithbareorsetulose flag-ellomeresneck.Thenewspecieshassetuloseflagellomeresneck asinL.andiraeGarcia, Lima,Calado&Urso-Guimarães,2017,L. brasiliensisRübsaamen,1908;L.caulinarisMaia,2003;L.conspicua Maia,2003;L.davillaeMaia,2017;L.eichhorniaeUrso-Guimarães, 2014; L. elliptica Maia, 2013; L. erythroxyli Rodrigues & Maia,
2010; L.indaensisMaia &Oliveira,2018; L.linearis Maia,2003; L.marginalisMaia,2001;L.maricaensisRodrigues&Maia,2010; L.similisMaia,2004;L.simplexMaia,2002;L.tibouchinaeMaia, 2004;andL.ubatubensisGarciaandUrso-Guimarães,2018.Among them,onlyL.maricaensishasbinodalmaleflagellomeresand all circumfilawithreducedloopsasinthenewspecies.
Nevertheless,L.leandraediffersfromL.maricensisinthe follow-ingmorphologicalaspects:(1)tarsalclaws:withasingletoothinL. maricensis,withtwoteethinL.leandrae;(2)relativelengthbetween gonocoxitesandgonostyli:gonostylilongerthangonocoxitesinL. maricensisandshorterinL.leandrae;(3) antennalhorns(pupa): simpleandrelativelyshortinL.maricensis,toothedandlongerin L.leandrae;(4)abdominaldorsalspines(pupa):absentinL. mari-censisandpresentinL.leandrae;(5)terminalsegment(larva):with twoterminallobeswidelyseparatefromeachotheronlyinL. lean-drae;(6)gallshape:L.maricensisinducesmarginalleafrollsandL. leandraecomplexleafgalls(globoidandwithtrichomes).
Conflictsofinterest
Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictsofinterest. Acknowledgments
I amgrateful tothe Conselho Nacionalde Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for financial support (Proc. 301481/2017-2).
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