From institutional websites to social media and mobile applications: a usability perspective

ww w . e l s e v i e r . e s / e r m b e

From

institutional

websites

to

social

media

and

mobile

applications:

A

usability

perspective

Ricardo

F.

Ramos

_,

_Paulo

_Rita

_,

_Sérgio

_Moro

a_{InstitutoUniversitáriodeLisboa(ISCTE-IUL),ISTAR-IUL,Av.Forc¸asArmadas,1649-026Lisboa,Portugal}

b_{CICEE–CentrodeInvestigac¸ãoemCiênciasEconómicaseEmpresariais,UniversidadeAutónomadeLisboa,RuadeSantaMarta,PaláciodosCondesdoRedondo56,1169-023Lisboa,}

Portugal

c_{NOVAInformationManagementSchool(NOVAIMS),UniversidadeNovadeLisboa,CampusdeCampolide,1070-312Lisboa,Portugal}

a

r

t

i

c

l

e

i

n

f

o

Received4September2018 Receivedinrevisedform26June2019 Accepted2July2019

Availableonline22August2019 JELclassification: M15 M31 Keywords: Institutionalwebsite Mobileapplication Socialmedia Usability

a

b

s

t

r

a

c

t

Mobileapplications(MA)andsocialmedia(SM)platformsarechangingInternetuserbehavior.Thisstudy aimstounveilwithincurrentacademicliterature,thefieldswhereusabilityresearchhasbeenfocusing theireffortsinthedimensionsinstitutionalwebsites(IW),SMandMAusability,andtosuggestpossible pathsforfuturestudies.Searchwasperformedinpeer-reviewjournals,providing302publishedarticles between1994and2018.Toexaminethemanuscripts,textmining(TM)wasadoptedtodiscoverpertinent terms,andtorevealtrends,gapsandopportunitiesforfutureresearch.Resultsshowagaponmarketing andnutritionresearchfieldsandanincreasinginterestintheusabilityprinciplesofSMtechnologyin general.Moreover,manyarticlesareassociatedwiththehealthandmedicalarea,suggestingamore maturedevelopmentofthesefields.

©2019AEDEM.PublishedbyElsevierEspa ˜na,S.L.U.ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCC BY-NC-NDlicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

1. Introduction

Newbehavioralpatternsareemergingbasedontheintensity ofinformationchannelswhichsurroundus.SMplatforms,such asFacebookandTwitter,havesupplantedthetraditionalwebsite

(Nah&Saxton,2013),andconsumersprefertosharetheirthoughts

andexperiencesthroughSMinsteadofusingwebsites(Yanetal., 2016).TherearemorethanoneMAforeveryoccurrenceofour

life(Xu,Frey, Fleisch, &Ilic, 2016)and MA have exceededthe

roleof websitesonsales(He&Liu, 2017).Beyondfacts, statis-ticalevidencereinforcesaparadigmchange.Aboutfortypercent oftheworlds’populationareSMactiveusers(Statista,2018),SM platformsoutperformbeingatthetoponlinedestinations(Hodis,

Sriramachandramurthy,&Sashittal,2015),fiveofthetwelvemost

visitedwebsitesontheInternetareSMplatforms(Alexa,2018),and ninetypercentofthetimespentonasmartphoneisusingaMA

(Alliance,2017),revealinghowindispensableSMandMAareon

theusers’dailylife.Theseevidencessuggestthatusers,confronted

∗ Correspondingauthorat:InstitutoUniversitáriodeLisboa(ISCTE-IUL), ISTAR-IUL,Av.Forc¸asArmadas,1649-026Lisboa,Portugal.

E-mailaddress:[email protected](R.F.Ramos).

withthepossibilityofchoosingbetweenanIWoraSM/MA,tend tochoosethelatteroption.Thedegreeofusabilityofeachplatform influencesanddeterminestheiruse.Usabilityistheeaseofuseand learnabilityofahuman-madeobjectsuchasatoolordevice(Chow,

Bridges,Commander,&Figley,2014).Usabilityhasemergedasa

keydomainininformationsystems(IS)andhasdevelopedefforts tounderstandtheinfluenceofseveralcharacteristicsthat influ-enceusabilityoftechnologyanddesign(Appendix1).Technology referstostabilityandperformanceoftheIS,whiledesigncreatesan environmentthatallowstheusertopositivelyinteractwiththeIS

(Koehler&Mishra,2005).Userfrustrationincreaseswhen

usabil-ityprinciplesareabsent.Themostimportantfactorsthatinfluence consumerdecisionstorejectanISarelackofusability ofthose technologies(Khasawneh&Kornreich,2015).

The principles that enhance usability have influenced users towardadifferentpathwhenitturnstoInternetaccess(Kortum&

Bangor,2013).IW,SMandMAareISthatuserstendtousetofind

relevantinformationaboutproductsandservices,andareusedas abusinesscardandpointofcontactinthevirtualworld(Huang

&Benyoucef,2015).Fromthisstandpoint,itispossibletoinfer

thatusability isakey conceptthatinfluencestheuser,andthe achievementofahigherefficiency,efficacyandsatisfactionofthe SMandMAledtotheidentifiedbehavioralchange,revealingthe

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.07.001

2444-8834/©2019AEDEM.PublishedbyElsevierEspa ˜na,S.L.U.ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCCBY-NC-NDlicense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

propensityofuserstochoosetheseplatformsinsteadofIWtofind relevantinformation,turningIWlessrelevantintheonlinecontext. Consideringtheimpactthatusabilityhasontheacceptanceof IS,theaimofthispaperistosummarizethefieldswhereusability researchhasbeenfocusingtheireffortsinthedimensionsofIW, SMandMA,andtosuggestpromisingdirectionsforfuturestudies. Therearevariousfactorshighlightingthesignificanceand conve-nienceofsuchreviewoftheliterature.First,thefieldofusability appliedinthedimensionsofIW,SM andMAhasseena grow-ingnumberofpublications,yetacarefulreviewofexistingwork isabsent.Literaturereviewsarefundamentaltocreatea sustain-ableevolutioninafieldstudy.Second,aliteratureanalysisallows researcherstoaligntheirstudiestowardtheidentifiedtrendsand gaps,andhighlightareaswhereaplethoraofresearchina deter-minedfield revealsitself saturated (Webster& Watson, 2002). Finally,researchsofardidnotconsidertheidentifiedbehavioral changetoclarifyanalternativeresearchpointofview(Rowe,2014), andlacksaroadmapintermsofusability.Evaluatingexisting liter-aturecanprompttoabetterunderstandingofthestateoftheart ofthethreedimensions,butitadditionallydistinguishespatterns inthedevelopmentoftheareasthemselves.Thisliteraturereview presentstheanalysisof302full-textscientificpapersthroughTMto offerthecurrentresearchtrendsinIW,SM,MAusabilitycontexts, findpatternsofinformationfromthecollecteddata,andtranslate themintovaluableknowledgetouncoveropportunitiesforfurther researchandfutureapplications.

2. StateoftheartofIW,SMandMA 2.1. Institutionalwebsiteusability

AnIWcanbedefinedasthesumofrelatedwebpagesunder a single Internet domain under the control of the company manager (Aksakallı, 2012), with the purpose of serving as a point of contact of the company or organization in the world wide web, providing relevant information. This type of web-site has the function of providing the basic information about an institution (https://europa.eu/european-union/about-euen), contacts (https://www.europarl.europa.eu/portal/en/contact), service (https://online-learning.harvard.edu/) or product

(http://www.pepsico.co.uk/what-we-believe/products), among

otherrelevantinformation.

Theglobal performance of anIW relieson a setof features and elements. Its quality is influenced by the dimensions sys-temquality,informationqualityandservicequality(Zhou,2011). IWinteractivity,informativeness, security,responsiveness,trust and perceived usefulnesshave the moststatistically significant effectsonusersatisfactionand intentiontouse(Herrero&San

Martín,2012).Researcherssuggestseveralapproachestoevaluate

IWbasedonquality,content,customeracceptanceandsatisfaction

(Salavati&Hashim,2015).

Inabroadercontext,usabilityresearchhasrevealedthe impor-tantroleinforecastingpositiveattitudes,performance,satisfaction, betterinteractiontechniques,amongotherfindings.Asampleof studieswhereusabilitywasasubjectofanalysisintheIW dimen-sionispresentedinAppendix2.

2.2. Socialmediausability

SMcanbedefinedasatechnologicalplatformfoundedunder theWeb2.0principles,whereusershavethepowertochangeits dynamicbyintroducinguser-generatedcontent(Chung,Andreev,

Benyoucef,Duane,&O’Reilly,2017).TheparticipationonSM

plat-formsinvolvesocialcommunication,buildingreputation,building career opportunities and generating monetary revenue, thus

providingseveralbenefits(Zhang,Trusov,Stephen,&Jamal,2017). SMhasbeenusedforaccessingshops,searchforaplace(e.g. Tri-pAdvisor, Foursquare),to beupdated (e.g. BBC news, Facebook page), look for a rating of a product (e.g.Amazon), search for ananswer, questionoradvice(e.g.Quora), educational content (e.g.Wikipedia), listentomusic(e.g.Spotify),watchvideos(e.g. YouTube),sharephotos(e.g.Instagram),followinterests(e.g. Pin-terest,Tumblr),findfriends(e.g.Facebook),chatwithfriends(e.g. Twitter,WhatsApp),professionalpurposes(e.g.LinkedIn),among otherinterests.

RecentSMusabilityresearchhasidentifiedconsiderable con-textsinwhichithasbeenasubjectofanalysis,suchastheimpact ofusabilityonSMtoincreasepurchaseintention(Shang,Wu,&Sie, 2017),wordofmouthandloyalty(Risius&Beck,2015),among oth-ers.Asampleofstudieswhereusabilitywasthefocusofanalysis inthecontextofSMdimensionispresentedinAppendix3. 2.3. Mobileapplicationusability

MAisasoftwarethatcanbedownloadedbyandrunonmobile devices,suchastabletsorsmartphones,withanativelanguageof aspecificplatform(Franko&Tirrell,2012).Withtheprogressof mobiletechnology,namelysmartphonesandtablets,theadoption ofMAchangedthewayweworkandinteract(Hsiao,Chang,&Tang, 2016)and itsincreasinguseissupportedbythenumber ofMA downloaded(Statista,2017).

Theapplicationofusabilityguidelinesfromothertechnologies onMAarefruitlessgiventheircharacteristicsdifferfromothers, butalessprobabilityoffailurecanbeachievedbydevelopingaMA thatisuser-friendly,easytolearnandmoreeffectiveonthetask performance(Kortum&Sorber,2015).

ThediversityofresearchonMAusabilitydimensionhas pro-videdinsightsconcerningitsuseindistinctcontexts(Gao,Zhou,

Liu,Wang,&Bowers,2017).Asampleofstudieswhereusability

wasanalyzedintheMAdimensionispresentedinAppendix4. Usabilitycharacteristicshavebeenplayinganimportantrole towardtheuseofIS,influencinguserstochooseoneplatformover theother.ThisresearchaimstoresumethestandpointintheIW, SMandMAusabilityfieldswhereresearchershavebeensetting theireffortstofindtrendsandgapsandsuggestdirectionsforfuture research.

3. Methodology 3.1. Journalselection

Toselecttherelevantpublications, theemphasiswasseton findingthemostinfluentialpeer-reviewedjournals(Q1Webof Science–WoS)ontheresearcheddimensions.Scopuswas cho-sentofindrelevantliterature abouttherelationshipofIW,SM andMA,sinceitisoneofthemostwidelyacceptedbibliographic databaseswhererelevantpublicationsareindexed.Thekeywords usedtocreatethethreequerieswerecollectedfromthe litera-ture(Appendix5)toeliminatetheinherentsubjectivityassociated toaquery.Thequeriesconsistedofa Booleanexpressionusing AND/ORbetweenthedimensionandusabilitykeywords,implying thatanyarticleshouldcontainatleastonedimensionkeywordand oneusabilitykeyword.SearchwasperformedinJanuaryof2018. ThesearchstepsandresultscanbeobservedinFig.1.Onthefirst step,keywordsassociatedwith“literaturereview”wereaddedto findliteraturereviewsfromeachdimension.Onthesecondstep, asearchrefinementwasapplied,providing142IWusability lit-eraturereviews,75 usability SM literaturereviews,and 52 MA literaturereviews.Aftertheanalysisofeachliteraturereview,were selectedonlyliteraturereviewsthatprovidedthelistofarticles

Fig.1.Stepstofindthemost-peerreviewjournals.

thatsupportedthereview(stagethree),revealingtwoliterature reviewsforeachdimension.Fromthelistofarticlesthatsupported thesixliteraturereviewswereselectedtheQ1WebofScience jour-nals(fourthstage),revealingthemostinfluentialpeer-reviewed journals.Thefinallistcomprised14journalsforIWusability,81 journalsfor SMusability, and 54 for MAusability, which were establishedasthesources forthis study.Tofindthecorpusfor thisstudy,thesearchquerywasagainapplied,but withoutthe literaturereviewkeywords,andrestrictedtothemostinfluential peer-reviewedlistofjournals.Theoutcomesprovidedanaggregate of309articles(156forIW,83forSM,and70forMA).Amanual analysisdetectedduplicatesthatwereeliminatedandledtoafinal datasetof302articles(153forIW,80forSM,and69forMA)from 18journals.Appendix6providesthenumberofarticlesperjournal. JournalofMedicalInternetResearchandComputersinHuman Behaviorwherethemajordatasourcesforthisresearch, uncover-ingtheiroverwhelmingpositionforeachdimension.

3.2. Textminingforliteraturereview

Tohavesomeorganizationof theproduced information and tomaintainthescopewithina manageablelistof terms, three dictionariesweredefined,oneforeachdimension(IW, SM,and MA),integratingalistoftermsofoneormorewords(n-grams). Bycontemplating n-grams(Moro&Rita, 2018),thesystemcan introducesomesettingthroughtheblendofasetofwords(e.g., “socialmedia”).Thecriteriatoassembleandvalidatethe dictio-naries,reducingtheinherentsubjectivity,wereasfollows: • The302scientificarticles’keywordsprovidedthelistofrelevant

terms.

• Thekeywordsweregroupedinclusterstoreducesimilar con-ceptsintoacommonterm.

• Withthepossibilityofaddingordeletingterms,apanelof11 independentmultidisciplinary expertsanalyzed the produced dictionaries,validatingthem.

TMcanbealludedasthesearchforshroudedinformation, pat-ternsortrends,onlargeamountsofdata(He,Zha,&Li,2013). Full-text,excludingthereferencesectiontoguaranteethatnoterm wascapturedfromanypublicationtitlecitedinthearticle,was analyzedpermittingafulltextevaluationoftermfrequencies.TM includesseveralstepsofworkoverthecollectedrawtext,suchas convertingallwordsinlowercase,ensurethatstemmingisapplied, i.e.reducingsimilarwordsintoacommonterm(e.g.,“website”

and“websites”arereducedto“website”)accordingtothe

dictio-nary(Moro,Cortez,&Rita,2015).“R”statisticalsoftwarewasused

toconducttheTMtechnique.TheRtoolprovidesanopensource platformforconductingdataanalysisthroughamyriadofpackages developedbyanenthusiasticcommunity(Cortez,2014). Specif-ically,forthetasksunderlinedinthisstudy,twopackageswere adopted,the“tm”forextracting termsintothedocumentterm matrix,andthe“topicmodels”forproducing thetopics summa-rizingthefindings.Appendix7presentsthevalidateddictionaries forIW,SM,andMAdimensions(someofthesimilartermswere omittedtosavespace).

3.3. Classificationoftopics

Toaccomplishaformatthatallowsadeeperanalysis,topic mod-elingwasapplied.Topicmodelingprovidesastructurethatgathers articlesinorder toallowprofound scrutinyand discoverterms thatoftenappeartogetherinadocumentorinalargesetof docu-ments(Santos,Rita,&Guerreiro,2018)Formodelingpurposes,the latentDirichletallocation(LDA)algorithmwaschosen,asitisthe mostpopulartopicmodelingtechnique.Bysupplyingasinputthe documenttermmatrix,itprovidesanintegratedoverviewofthe bodyofknowledgebygroupingarticlesonthemostrelevanttopics

(Amado,Cortez,Rita,&Moro,2018;Moro&Rita,2018).Suchmodel

empowerstobreakdowntherelativepertinenceofeachterm uti-lizingthebeta(_ˇ)distributionvalue,whichdepictstherelationship betweenthethemeandthegiventerm(Calheiros,Moro,&Rita, 2017).Thisstructurecanhelprecognizewhichtopicsarecatching moreconsiderationfromresearchersanddiscovergapsforfuture research.TheLDAproductisatridimensionaltableincorporating topics,terms,andarticlesdistributedthroughthedefined time-frame.Thus,foreachtopicitisconceivabletoacquireameasureof itsconnectiontooneofthewordreferencetermsthroughtheˇ dis-tribution.Likewise,foreacharticleitisconceivabletocheckwhich topicitsuitsbetter(Canito,Ramos,Moro,&Rita,2018).TheLDA modelisconsideredoneofthemostimportantprobabilisticmodels inwidespreadusetoday(Moroetal.,2015).Thethreemostcritical termsforportrayingeverytopicasstatedintheˇdistributionwere considered.

4. Resultsanddiscussion

Theanalysisinvolvedthestudyofthetopicsobtainedbyrunning LDAonthegathereddata.Foreachtopic,thereisalwaysadominant term,withaˇvaluethatmatchesittoclosenesstothattopic.Aˇ

Fig.2. Website,SocialMedia,andMobileApplicationusabilitydominantfields.

closertozeroindicatesastrongerconnectionbetweenthetermand thetopic.Theterms“Technology”and“Design”fromAppendix7 wereincludedtocontextualizethefocusofinvestigationineach dimension.Appendix8discussestheLDAresults.

ThroughtheanalysisoftheVenndiagrampresentedinFig.2, itisobservablethateducation,health,mobiledevice,andphysical activityhavereceivedattentionfromthethreestudieddimensions, providingvaluableknowledgeinthesedomains.

Tables1–3intheappendix8providedetailedresultsand subse-quentanalysisconcerningtechnologyanddesignsettingsineach context,whicharesummarizedinTable1intermsofthemain trendsandgapsinexistingliterature.

WithintheIWusabilityinvestigation,acarefulanalysisrevealed thatrecently thefocusof theacademia hasbeenin thedesign usabilitycharacteristicssetting,unveilingatrendintheareasof communication, education, marketing and mobile device, with researchgapsintheareasofdemography,health,innovation, nutri-tion and physical activity. Research of IW technology usability settinghasbeenconsideredin severalcontexts,namely, educa-tion,mobiledevice,nutritionand physicalactivity.Theareasof educationandmobiledevicearethosethatrevealatrendinboth technologyanddesignsettings.Ingeneral,intheresearchinIW, usability started between1997 and 2001 with 16 articles, but throughouttheyearstheinteresthasbeenincreasing,revealing atrend,withsixtyarticlespublishedbetweentheyears2014and 2018.

RegardingSMusability research,resultsshowthat thereare majordevelopments inthetechnologysetting. Thereareseven trendsoutofninetechnologyresearchareas,andsevengapsout oftendesignresearchareas.Thedemographyandmobiledevice areasareconsideredtrendsinbothtechnologyanddesignsettings. However,for marketingand nutrition,bothareunderdeveloped intheconsideredresearchsettings(technologyanddesign). Mar-ketingthroughSMplatformscanpromoteconsistentinteractions betweenbusinessandtheirtarget,buildingstrongerrelationships

(Alarcón,Sepúlveda,Valenzuela-Fernández,&Gil-Lafuente,2018),

sothattheunderstandingofusabilityprinciplesinthetechnology anddesignsettingscanimprovethoserelationsbytransforming themessageviaarrangingtheinformationinaclearerandeasier

waytoread(Ku,Chen,&Zhang,2013).Ingeneral,SMusabilityhas

revealedtobeatrend.From2009to2013nineteenarticleswere published,however,from2014to2018,thereweresixtypapers publishedinpeerreviewjournals.

WithinMAusabilitystudies,therearetwotrendsinthe tech-nologysetting(educationandmobiledevice)andzerointhedesign setting.Theapplicationofauser-centereddesignisstrongly recom-mended(Holzinger&Errath,2007),andtheresearchoftheusability principlesofdesigncanresultinthecreationofasuitable user

interfacethatcanmeettheconsumers’needs.Itisunderstandable thattheareasofbusiness,communication,innovationand market-ingexposegapsintheliteraturesincethecollectedkeywordsfrom the69articlesusedtobuildtheMAdictionary(Appendix7)have not providedanykeywords inthedesignatedareas.Nowadays, havingthepossibilityofmakingcommercethroughMA,namely in-apptransactions(Hsu&Lin,2016),itiscrucialtounderstand whatcharacteristicscanaugmenttheefficiency,efficacyand sat-isfactionforcommercepurposes(Kumar&Reinartz,2016).The absenceofresearchontheaspectsthatimproveusabilityin mar-ketingthroughMA,suggestsagapintheliterature.Therefore,itis essentialtouncoverusabilityofadvertisinginMAtounderstand theirimpactoncompaniesforasustainableandprofitablefuture, especiallyonbusinessmodelsthatdependsolelyonads(Jiménez

&San-Martín,2017).Inthetechnologysetting,theanalysispoints

togapsintheliteratureofresearchofdemographyandhealth.It isrelevanttofindtheusabilitytechnologicalcharacteristicsthat enhancetheuseofMAtomitigatethedifferenceofadaptionthat differentgenerationsfindwhentheyareconfrontedwiththeuse ofmobiletechnologies(Gaoetal.,2017).Moreover,inthedesign setting,theareasofeducationandmobiledevicealsorevealgapsin theliterature.TohelptheissueoflearningbyusingMA,the under-standingofdesignusabilityprinciplescanbecomefundamentalto makeeasierandsatisfyingforstudentstherecordingoflessons learned(Rueda,Benitez,&Braojos,2017).Agapinthetechnology anddesignsettingisfoundinthefieldofnutrition.Consumerhealth andnutritiontechnologiesareimportantdriverstomanagehealth ofpatientsandreducecosts(LeRouge,VanSlyke,Seale,&Wright, 2014).Ageneralanalysishighlightsagapinthetechnologyand designsettinginseveralfieldsofinvestigationintheMA dimen-sion.Thisgapshouldhavetodowiththefactthattheinterestof researchersstartedfrom2013forward,suggestingarecentfocus ofinvestigationandthebeginningofatrend.

Fromafieldanalysisperspective,itisimportanttohighlight that marketingand nutrition havenot beenundertheradar of researchersintermsofusabilityonSMandMAdimensions.The use of SM and MA for nutrition purposes needs to be further investigatedtoprovideknowledgetoacademiaandnutrition pro-fessionals to use these platforms to reach their audience and provideefficiency,efficacyandsatisfaction,andintheend,better results(Tobey&Manore,2014).Usabilityresearchonmarketing willrevealknowledgethatcancreateapositiveenvironmentto amplifybrandcommunities(Kaur,Dhir,&Rajala,2016).

5. Conclusions

ThispaperreviewedanextensiveamountofexistingIW,SM, MAusabilitystudiesandoutlinedroadmapsforfutureresearchin tenspecificresearchfields.Fig.2andTable1detailseachresearch areaoutcomesrevealedbyperformingthisliteraturereview.

Based onthesefindings, thereare three aspectsthat should beemphasized.First, two criticalthemes toinvestigateare the usabilityareasofMarketingandNutritionthatrevealedthemselves underdeveloped in terms of research in the three dimensions. It seemsthat researchersarenot givingthe deservedattention towardthesetwoareasconsideringtheirrelevanceinthe men-tioned dimensions(Tsai& Cheng,2012).Second, theresultsof thisresearchhighlightedtheamountofpapersassociatedtothe health andmedical fieldsanda growinginterest onthe usabil-itytechnologyofSM,whileusabilityoftechnologyanddesignof MAislessfocused.Bymentioningthesedeficienciesinthe litera-ture,researcherscanredirecttheirworkbyopeningnewpathsof research.Third,itisrecommendedthatresearcherstakein consid-erationthenewbehavioralchangethatisoccurringontheInternet

Table1

IW,SM,andMAliteraturetrendsandgaps.

Institutionalwebsite Socialmedia Mobileapplication

Technology Design Technology Design Technology Design

Business TREND GAP GAP GAP

Communication TREND TREND GAP GAP GAP

Demography GAP GAP TREND TREND GAP

Education TREND TREND TREND GAP TREND GAP

Health GAP TREND GAP GAP

Innovation GAP GAP TREND GAP GAP GAP

Marketing GAP TREND GAP GAP GAP GAP

Mobiledevice TREND TREND TREND TREND TREND GAP

Nutrition TREND GAP GAP GAP GAP GAP

Physicalactivity TREND GAP GAP

toassurethat therelevanceof theirworkmeets theidentified

behaviorpathandtheuserexperience(Lemon&Verhoef,2016). Fromafutureresearchpointofview,itwouldbeusefulforthe researchcommunitytomaptheeffortsoftheIW,SM,MAusability toprovidea thoroughanalysisoneach researchedfield. Specif-ically,futureresearchcouldinvestigatetheIWusabilityonuser behaviorrelatedtotrustandintentiontouseanIW,andthe influ-enceofusabilitycharacteristics,likenavigationorlayout,ontrust buildingfeatures,suchasusers’reviewsanduser-institution inter-actioninmobiledevices.FromtheSMusabilitystandpoint,future studiescouldexplorethesignificanceofusabilitytoprevent lurk-inginonlinecommunities,andtheimpactofSMdesignfeatures onsecurityandprivacyprotection,suchasprivacyprotectionand dataencryption,appliedtodifferentgenerations.Futureresearch mayalsobenefitfromtheunderstandingofloadingtime,esthetics andqualityofinformationonperceivedusabilityofaMA,andthe impactofMAusabilityonfirstimpressions,qualityofperceptions andemotionsinthecontextofadvertising.

Thisreviewhaslimitationsthatneedtobestated:thesearch scopewasrestrainedtoScopusdatabaseandQuartile1ISIWeb ofKnowledge;regardlessoftheuseof11multidisciplinaryexperts fordictionaryvalidationpurposes,therewillalwaysbeaninherent subjectivityatthedictionarydefinition.Additionally,the profes-sionalprofilesusedforthepanelofexpertsarerestrictedtoasmall setofprofessionalactivities.Awiderrangeofprofilescouldlead toaricherdictionary,enhancingitsquality;finally,asignificant partofthebodyofknowledgegatheredinthisresearchisfocused onthehealth/medicaldomains.Specifically,54.97%ofthearticles werepublishedinthoseareas,implyinganover-representationof thehealtharea,thusinfluencingtheobtainedresults. Neverthe-less,thisfactalsoshowsthathealthhasbeenextensivelyexplored, particularlywithinwebsites,exhibitingahighlevelofinnovation. Thisintensivereviewofidentifiedarticlesmakesanimportant conceptualadditiontoacademia,byrevealingtheresearchfocus, trendsand literaturegapsinIW,SM andMAusabilityresearch andsuggestingthefuturepathforacademics.Researcherscanuse thisvaluableknowledgeasanimmediatereferencefromwhereto developtheirwork.

Declarationsofinterest None.

AppendixA. Supplementarydata

Supplementarydataassociatedwiththisarticlecanbefound,in theonlineversion,atdoi:10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.07.001.

References

Aksakallı,V.(2012).OptimizingdirectresponseinInternetdisplayadvertising. Elec-tronicCommerceResearchandApplications,11(3),229–240.

Alarcón,C.N.,Sepúlveda,A.U.,Valenzuela-Fernández,L.,&Gil-Lafuente,J.(2018). Systematicmappingonsocialmediaanditsrelationtobusiness.European ResearchonManagementandBusinessEconomics,24(2),104–113.

Alexa. (2018). The top 500 sites on the web.. Retrieved from http://www.alexa.com/topsites

Alliance, M. L. (2017). Mobile stat snack – 90% of mobile time spent in apps.. Retrieved from http://mobileleadersalliance. com/2015/09/17/mobile-stat-snack-90-mobile-time-spent-apps/

Amado,A.,Cortez,P.,Rita,P.,&Moro,S.(2018).ResearchtrendsonBigDatain Marketing:Atextminingandtopicmodelingbasedliteratureanalysis.European ResearchonManagementandBusinessEconomics,24(1),1–7.

Calheiros,A.C.,Moro,S.,&Rita,P.(2017).Sentimentclassificationof consumer-generatedonlinereviewsusingtopicmodeling.JournalofHospitalityMarketing &Management,26(7),675–693.

Canito,J.,Ramos,P.,Moro,S.,&Rita,P.(2018).Unfoldingtherelationsbetween companiesandtechnologiesundertheBigDataumbrella.ComputersinIndustry, 99,1–8.

Chow,A.,Bridges,M.,Commander,P.,&Figley,A.(2014).Thewebsitedesignand usabilityofUSacademicandpubliclibraries.Reference&UserServicesQuarterly, 53(3),253–265.

Chung,A.Q.H.,Andreev,P.,Benyoucef,M.,Duane,A.,&O’Reilly,P.(2017).Managing anorganisation’ssocialmediapresence:Anempiricalstagesofgrowthmodel. InternationalJournalofInformationManagement,37(1),1405–1417.

Cortez,P.(2014).ModernoptimizationwithR.Springer.

Franko,O.I.,&Tirrell,T.F.(2012).Smartphoneappuseamongmedicalprovidersin ACGMEtrainingprograms.JournalofMedicalSystems,36(5),3135–3139. Gao,C.,Zhou,L.,Liu,Z.,Wang,H.,&Bowers,B.(2017).Mobileapplicationfordiabetes

self-managementinChina:Dotheyfitforolderadults?InternationalJournalof MedicalInformatics,101,68–74.

He,J.,&Liu,H.(2017).Miningexploratorybehaviortoimprovemobileapp recom-mendations.ACMTransactionsonInformationSystems,35(4),1–37.

He,W.,Zha,S.,&Li,L.(2013).Socialmediacompetitiveanalysisandtextmining:A casestudyinthepizzaindustry.InternationalJournalofInformationManagement, 33(3),464–472.

Herrero,Á.,&SanMartín,H.(2012).Developingandtestingaglobalmodelto explaintheadoptionofwebsitesbyusersinruraltourismaccommodations. InternationalJournalofHospitalityManagement,31(4),1178–1186.

Hodis,M.A.,Sriramachandramurthy,R.,&Sashittal,H.C.(2015).Interactwithme onmyterms:AfoursegmentFacebookengagementframeworkformarketers. JournalofMarketingManagement,31(11–12),1255–1284.

Holzinger,A.,&Errath,M.(2007).MobilecomputerWeb-applicationdesignin medicine:Someresearchbasedguidelines.UniversalAccessintheInformation Society,6(1),31–41.

Hsiao,C.-H.,Chang,J.-J.,&Tang,K.-Y.(2016).Exploringtheinfluentialfactorsin continuanceusageofmobilesocialapps:Satisfaction,habit,andcustomervalue perspectives.TelematicsandInformatics,33(2),342–355.

Hsu,C.-L.,&Lin,J.C.-C.(2016).Effectofperceivedvalueandsocialinfluenceson mobileappstickinessandin-apppurchaseintention.TechnologicalForecasting andSocialChange,108,42–53.

Huang,Z.,&Benyoucef,M.(2015).Userpreferencesofsocialfeaturesonsocial com-mercewebsites:Anempiricalstudy.TechnologicalForecastingandSocialChange, 95,57–72.

Jiménez, N., & San-Martín, S.(2017). Attitudetoward m-advertising and m-repurchase.EuropeanResearchonManagementandBusinessEconomics,23(2), 96–102.

Kaur,P.,Dhir,A.,&Rajala,R.(2016).Assessingflowexperienceinsocialnetworking sitebasedbrandcommunities.ComputersinHumanBehavior,64,217–225.

Khasawneh,R.,&Kornreich,R.(2015).Mobileapplicationusability: Conceptualiza-tionandinstrumentdevelopment.MISQuarterly,39(2),435–472.

Koehler,M.J.,&Mishra,P.(2005).Teacherslearningtechnologybydesign.Journal ofComputinginTeacherEducation,21(3),94–102.

Kortum,P.T.,&Bangor,A.(2013).Usabilityratingsforeverydayproducts mea-suredwiththesystemusabilityscale.InternationalJournalofHuman-Computer Interaction,29(2),67–76.

Kortum,&Sorber,M.(2015).Measuringtheusabilityofmobileapplicationsfor phonesandtablets.InternationalJournalofHuman-ComputerInteraction,31(8), 518–529.

Ku,Y.-C.,Chen,R.,&Zhang,H.(2013).Whydouserscontinueusingsocial network-ingsites?AnexploratorystudyofmembersintheUnitedStatesandTaiwan. Information&Management,50(7),571–581.

Kumar,V.,&Reinartz,W.(2016).Creatingenduringcustomervalue.Journalof Mar-keting,80(6),36–68.

Lemon,K.N.,&Verhoef,P.C.(2016).Understandingcustomerexperience through-outthecustomerjourney.JournalofMarketing,80(6),69–96.

LeRouge,C.,VanSlyke,C.,Seale,D.,&Wright,K.(2014).Babyboomers’adoption ofconsumerhealthtechnologies:Surveyonreadinessandbarriers.Journalof MedicalInternetResearch,16(9),e200.

Moro,S.,Cortez,P.,&Rita,P.(2015).Businessintelligenceinbanking:Aliterature analysisfrom2002to2013usingtextminingandlatentDirichletallocation. ExpertSystemswithApplications,42(3),1314–1324.

Moro,S.,&Rita,P.(2018).Brandstrategiesinsocialmediainhospitalityandtourism. InternationalJournalofContemporaryHospitalityManagement,30(1),343–364. Nah,S.,&Saxton,G.D.(2013).Modelingtheadoptionanduseofsocialmediaby

nonprofitorganizations.NewMedia&Society,15(2),294–313.

Risius,M.,&Beck,R.(2015).Effectivenessofcorporatesocialmediaactivitiesin increasingrelationaloutcomes.Information&Management,52(7),824–839. Rowe,F.(2014).Whatliteraturereviewisnot:Diversity,boundariesand

recom-mendations.EuropeanJournalofInformationSystems,23(3),241–255. Rueda,L.,Benitez,J.,&Braojos,J.(2017).Fromtraditionaleducationtechnologies

tostudentsatisfactioninManagementeducation:Atheoryoftheroleofsocial mediaapplications.Information&Management,54(8),1059–1071.

Salavati,S.,&Hashim,N.H.(2015).WebsiteadoptionandperformancebyIranian hotels.TourismManagement,46,367–374.

Santos,C.L.,Rita,P.,&Guerreiro,J.(2018).Improvinginternationalattractiveness ofhighereducationinstitutionsbasedontextminingandsentimentanalysis. InternationalJournalofEducationalManagement,32(3),431–447.

Shang,S.S.C.,Wu,Y.-L.,&Sie,Y.-J.(2017).Generatingconsumerresonancefor purchaseintentiononsocialnetworksites.ComputersinHumanBehavior,69, 18–28.

Statista. (2017). Cumulative number of apps downloaded from the Apple App Store from July 2008 to June 2017.. Retrieved from https://www.statista. com/statistics/263794/number-of-downloads-from-the-apple-app-store/ Statista.(2018).World’ssocialmediamonthlyactiveusers(inBillions)..Retrievedfrom

https://www.statista.com/chart/13138/worlds-population-in-relation-to-mobile-internet-and-social-media-users/

Tobey,L. N., &Manore,M.M.(2014).Socialmediaand nutritioneducation: Thefoodheroexperience.JournalofNutritionEducationandBehavior,46(2), 128–133.

Tsai,Y.C.,&Cheng,Y.-T.(2012).Analyzingkeyperformanceindicators(KPIs)for E-commerceandInternetmarketingofelderlyproducts:Areview.Archivesof GerontologyandGeriatrics,55(1),126–132.

Webster,J.,&Watson,R.(2002).Analyzingthepasttoprepareforthefuture:Writing aliteraturereview.ManagementInformationSystemsQuarterly,26(2),13–23. Xu,R.,Frey,R.M.,Fleisch,E.,&Ilic,A.(2016).Understandingtheimpactofpersonality

traitsonmobileappadoption–Insightsfromalarge-scalefieldstudy.Computers inHumanBehavior,62,244–256.

Yan,Q.,Wu,S.,Wang,L.,Wu,P.,Chen,H.,&Wei,G.(2016).E-WOMfrome-commerce websitesandsocialmedia:Whichwillconsumersadopt?ElectronicCommerce ResearchandApplications,17,62–73.

Zhang,Y.,Trusov,M.,Stephen,A.T.,&Jamal,Z.(2017).Onlineshoppingandsocial media:Friendsorfoes?JournalofMarketing,81(6),24–41.

Zhou,T.(2011).Examiningthecriticalsuccessfactorsofmobilewebsiteadoption. OnlineInformationReview,35(4),636–652.