Clinical application of extracellular vesicles in vascular calcification

Increased bioavailability of ROS influences cellular processes leading to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth, inflammation, migration and extracellular matrix (ECM)

To understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and extracellular-matrix accumulation in the development of

Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are chronic degenerative diseases which have been considered to be independent and whose common characteristic is increasing incidence with age.

A panel of 4 metabolites (L-alanine, L- leucine, L-valine, succinic acid) showed up-regulated in cells incubated with S -Carvedilol compared with control cells and those incubated

MGP deficiency is associated with medial calcification of the arterial wall, in a process that involves both osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)

cultures of human aortas and found that high levels of calcium and phosphorus, such as in CKD, substan- tially increased the calcium-phosphate-nucleation-in- duced calcification

Several studies have demonstrated an association between vascular calcification and increased arterial stiffness in patients with CKD.. 2

predict the effects (electrical or contractile) induced by changes in the extracellular K ⫹ concentration or in its perme- ability through the plasma membrane of smooth muscle