Use of either neither, too, so and as well. Prof Marcelo Pereira de Leão

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Use of either

neither, too, so and

as well

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COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 1 – USO DE ALSO E TOO

ADVÉRBIOS TRADUÇÕES APLICAÇÕES EXEMPLOS

ALSO também

antes de verbos

principais She also sings. depois de verbos

auxiliares She is also a singer.

TOO também final de frases afirmativas e interrogativas/afirmativ as

She sings, too. Does she sing, too?

demais antes de adjetivos e advérbios

She is too old. She came too early.

OBSERVAÇÃO: Só se pode usar too em frases negativas com a tradução de "demais" (antes de adjetivos e advérbios).

That house is not too far. Your car is not too good, is it?

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COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 2 – USO DE EITHER E NEITHER

ADVÉRBIOS TRADUÇÕES APLICAÇÕES EXEMPLOS

EITHER qualquer um(a) (de 2) em frases afirmativas

Here you have two apples: take either.

Wear either coat. nenhum(a)

(de 2)

em frases negativas

I didn’t study and she

didn't study, either.

também em frases negativas, quando houver repetição da forma verbal inicial (pouco usual)

Here are two apples: don't take either. NEITHER nenhum(a) (de 2) em frases afirmativas e só afirmativas

Here are two apples: take

neither.

Neither of them was intelligent.

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COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 3 – USO DE EITHER ... OR... E NEITHER... NOR...

FORMAS TRADUÇÕES APLICAÇÕES EXEMPLOS

EITHER... OR...

ou... ou... em frases afirmativas Either you or he is lying.

nem... nem... em frases negativas We can't either read or write. NEITHER...

NOR... nem... nem...

em frases afirmativas e só

afirmativas Neitheryou nor he is lying

NOTE QUE:

Você pode substituir frases negativas com either... or... por afirmativas com neither... nor...

Don’t touch either the ash-tray or the jar. Touch neither the ash-tray nor the jar.

Uma frase pode ser negativa quando aparecerem as expressões never (nunca), hardly (dificilmente), seldom e rarely (raramente) e without

(sem).

She left without touching either the food or the drinks. I rarely go either to the movies or to the theatre.

INGLÊS, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio

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COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 4 – ADDITIONS TO REMARK (EITHER / NEITHER / TOO / AS WELL / SO)

Affirmative statement Addition to remark

He wants to be a psychologist

and + sujeito + v. auxiliar + too / as well

and I do too / as well.

and + so + v. auxiliar + sujeito

and so do I.

Negative statement Addition to remark

He doesn't want to be a nurse

and + sujeito + v. aux. (forma neg.) + either

and I don't either.

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COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 5 – ORAÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS

THEY ARE LEARNING ENGLISH AND

WE ARE TOO / AS WELL

SO ARE WE Eles estão aprendendo inglês e nós também.

HE WENT TO THE MOVIES AND

SHE DID TOO / AS WELL

SO DID SHE Ele foi ao cinema e ela também.

I COULD PLAY BASKETBALL AND

YOU COULD TOO / AS WELL

SO COULD YOU Eu podia jogar basquete e você(s) também.

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COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 6 – ORAÇÕES NEGATIVAS

THEY AREN'T LEARNING ENGLISH (Eles não estão aprendendo inglês)

AND WE AREN'T EITHER (e nós também não) NEITHER/NOR ARE WE

(nem nós)

HE DIDN'T GO TO THE MOVIES (Ele não foi ao cinema)

AND SHE DIDN'T EITHER (e ela também não) NEITHER/NOR DID SHE

(nem ela)

I COULDN’T PLAY BASKETBALL AND (Eu não podia jogar basquete)

YOU COULDN'T EITHER (e você(s) também não) NEITHER/NOR COULD YOU

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1. Terence listens to the radio, too.

2. I also want to go to the movies.

3. They are also / too good speakers.

4. Either of them was intelligent. (Qualquer um, entre dois)

5. She wears rings on either hand. (qualquer uma)

6. Which dress did you like? - I liked neither.

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1. Choose either this car or that boat. (ou) (ou)

2. Choose neither this car nor that boat. (nem) (nem)

3. I hardly eat either fish or crabs. (nem) (nem)

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Do not use a comma when two phrases or words are joined.

 Computer scientists and engineers need to

be good writers.

 Both lunch and dinner will be served.  Neither the campus bookstore nor the

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The subject closer to the verb determines if the verb is singular or plural in sentences with correlative conjunctions.

 Not only my best friend but my parents are

also here.

 Not only my parents but my best friend is

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Do not join coordinating conjunctions with

other conjunctions within the same sentence.

Incorrect

Although he got a B on test, but he is still not

happy.

Correct

He got a B on the test, but he is still not

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Each coordinating conjunction has a different use.

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Use and to add information.

We are going to write essays and

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Use but to show contrast.

We will work hard, but it will be

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Use or to give a choice.

The first assignment will be a

narrative or an argumentative

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Use yet to show contrast.

The teacher is a hard grader, yet

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Use so to show a result.

She got A grades on all of her

work, so she hopes to get an A in

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Use for to show a reason.

He will pass the class, for he worked hard

and got good grades.

Note: The conjunction

for

means

because, but it is not used very often

to express this meaning. The

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Use

both…and

or

not only…but also

to add

emphasis.



Both

solar

and

wind energy are

alternatives to oil and coal.



Computer hackers

not only

slow business

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Use neither…nor to emphasize both are negative.

Neither students nor teachers look

forward to the start of the school year.

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Use either…or to express choice.

He wants a computer made by

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Gerunds:

Working, eating, and sleeping in such a

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Note:

When you write more than two parallel items, use commas to separate them. The comma before the conjunction is optional but often preferred in academic writing.

It is difficult to work, study, and take care of small children at the same time.

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Words, phrases, or clauses must be parallel when they are joined by not only…but also,

both…and, either…or, or neither…nor.

Not only ranchers but also farmers are affected

by government policies.

Both Jenny and Judy play water polo.

We will either see a movie or go out to dinner

tonight.

My son was neither anxious nor upset at the

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Not only…but also

Regular word order: Debbie not only likes to swim, but she also likes to run.

Inverted word order: Not only does Debbie like to

swim, but she also likes to run.

Regular word order: There is not only a test tomorrow, but there is also an essay due.

Inverted word order: Not only is there a test tomorrow, but there is also an essay due.

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INGLÊS

Ensino Fundamental , 9° ano

Used to

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Inglês, 9° ano, Used to (repetive action in past)

I used to play volleyall with my friends, but I´m

too old for that now!

Imagem: Scattata da it : Utente Shaka/Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic

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Inglês, 9° ano, Used to (repetive action in past)

Used to

A forma used to é usado antes do infinitivo de outro verbo para indicar um hábito ou situação que acontecia no passado e que não ocorre mais no presente.

Eu costumava jogar vôlei com meus amigos, mas estou tão velho para isso agora.

I used to play volleyall with my friends, but I´m too old for that

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Inglês, 9° ano, Used to (repetive action in past)

He used to swim in the river years ago.

Ele costumava nadar no lago anos atrás.

She used to dance ballet.

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Inglês, 9° ano, Used to (repetive action in past) ESTRUTURA: Forma afirmativa I You He She It We You They

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Lembrando:

I – eu

You – você/ vocês

He- ele ( pessoa)

She – ela ( pessoa)

It – ele/ ela ( neutro)

We – nós

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She used to have long hair.

Ela costumava ter cabelo grande

Im a g e m : E d Y o u rdo n / Cr e a tiv e Com m o n s A tt ri b u tio n -S h a re A like 2 .0 Ge n e ri c

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Meu irmão costumava ser um bom jogador de futebol quando ele era

jovem.

My brother used to be a good football player when he was young.

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Inglês, 9° ano, Used to (repetive action in past) ESTRUTURA: Forma negativa I You He She It We You They

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Usamos o auxiliar did not ( ou didn´t) , pois used to refere-se ao passado.

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Imagem: Okajun/GNU Free Documentation License

She did not use to travel to Japan.

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My father did not use to smoke five years ago.

Meu pai não costumava fumar cinco anos atrás.

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Last year I didn´t use to eat vegetables.

Ano passado eu não costumava comer vegetais.

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Inglês, 9° ano, Used to (repetive action in past) ESTRUTURA: Forma interrogativa Did I Did You Did He Did She Did It Did We Did You Did They

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Usamos ainda o auxiliar did mas ele fica agora no início da frase.

Ao colocar did, lembre-se de retirar o “d” do verbo used.

Ao fim da frase interrogativa, colocamos o sinal de interrogação.

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Did Helen use to work in the USA years ago?

Helen costumava trabalhar nos Estados Unidos anos atrás?

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Did They use to have a cat?

Eles costumavam ter um gato?

Did Carlos used to ride a bike?

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Did Rafaela use to eat apples?

Rafaela costumava comer maçãs?

Did You used to live abroad?

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Comparando as três formas, temos:

AFIRMATIVA: I used to be more patiente

( eu costumava ser mais paciente)

NEGATIVA: I didn´t use to be more patient

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