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Brain Energy Metabolism in Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy: an in vivo and longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy study on a rat model of Biliary Cirrhosis

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Academic year: 2021

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Figure 1.1: Description of the neurotoxicity of ammonia. Illustrated in red are the toxic effects to the astrocytes and neurons, in particular oxidative stress, cell death in the CNS and energy
Figure 1.2: Schematic outline of glycolysis, aerobic (A 1 and A 2 ) and anaerobic (B), with production of pyruvate and regeneration of NAD +
Figure 1.3: Schematic outline of the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The enzymes that take part in the TCA cycle are (1) citrate synthetase, (2) aconitase (3) isocitrate  dehydro-genase (4) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, (5) succinyl-CoA s
Figure 2.1: A) A nuclear spin precessing in the presence of B ~ 0 at an angle θ and amplitude along z quantized
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