PROJETOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO
E CONFLITOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NO MARANHÃO1
RESUMO !"#$%$&'(!)!#*+,&"$-"*!.$!/#*(0,/$12(!.(!3#,-/(! .*! 4+",.(+5! 6*+*-7(&789*-"(:! ;(.*#-8.$-.*!*!;*8(!<9%8*-"*!=346;;<>!*9!*?$98-$#! /#(@*"(+! .*! .*+*-7(&789*-"(! *! 9(.*#-8A$12(! *0(-B980$!*!+,$+!0(-+*C,D-08$+!+(08$8+!*!$9-%8*-"$8+E! +!89/$0"(+!.*++*+!/#(@*"(+!/#(7(0$9! (! 0(-F#(-"(! .*! &GH80$+! .8F*#*-08$.$+! .*! $/#(-/#8$12(! .(! $9%8*-"*:! .(+! H#,/(+! +(08$8+! $"8--H8.(+! *! .(+! H#,/(+! C,*! H*#*-08$9! (+! /#(@*"(+! .*!.*+*-7(&789*-"(!*!.$C,*&*+!C,*!+*!$&8$9!$(+! 9*+9(+:!0(-.,A8-.(!$!I0(-J8"(+!+(08($9%8*-- "$8+K:!C,*!*-7(&7*9!.8F*#*-"*+!F(#9$+!.*!+8H-8-L0$12(!.(!9(.(!.*!78.$:!$!/$#"8#!.$+!.8F*#*-"*+! 0$"*H(#8$+:!#*/#*+*-"$1M*+!*!$"(#*+!+(08$8+!C,*! -*&*+!%,+0$9!&*H8"898.$.*E!N*+"*!"#$%$&'(!%,+-0$O+*! 8.*-"8L0$#! *! $-$&8+$#! 0(-J8"(+! +(08($9-%8*-"$8+!-(!;$#$-'2(!.*0(##*-"*+!.*!/#(@*"(+! .*!.*+*-7(&789*-"(!8-+"$&$.(+!$!/$#"8#!.(!L-$&! .$!.)0$.$!.*!PQ!*:!$",$&9*-"*:!*9!78$+!.*!8-+-talação, com destaque para um estudo de caso #*&$08(-$.(!R!8-+"$&$12(!.$!S+8-$!T*#9*&)"#80$! .(!U(#"(!.(!V"$C,8:!-$!V&'$!.(!;$#$-'2(:!*!+,$+! 0(-+*C,D-08$+! /$#$! (+! 9(#$.(#*+! .(+! /(7($-.(+!.*!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+!*!Y8&$!;$.,#*8#$E PALAVRAS-CHAVE: W(-J8"(+!+(08($9%8*-"$8+:!U#(@*"(+!.*!.*+*-7(&789*-"(:!;$#$-'2( Z !Y*#+2(!/#*&898-$#!.(!F(8!$#"8H(!$/#*+*-"$.(!$(![[\!4-0(-"#(!<-,$&!.$!<++(08$12(!N$-08(-$&!.*!UG+O3#$.,$12(!*9!W8D-08$+!](08$8+!=<NU W]>:!#*$&8A$.(!*9!W$?$9%,O;3:! *-"#*!(+!.8$+!^_!$![Q!.*!(,",%#(!.*!^QQ`E
Horácio Antunes de Sant’Ana Júnior
!"#!$%&'()!$*++,-./0$1&"&("!
Elio de Jesus Pantoja Alves
INTRODUÇÃO 4+"*!$#"8H(!)!F#,"(!.$!/*+C,8+$!IU#(@*"(+!.*!6*+*-7(&789*-"(!*!W(-F&8"(+!](08(-$9%8*-"$8+! -(! ;$#$-'2(K^:! #*+,&"$-"*! .$! /#*(0,/$12(! .(! 3#,/(! .*! 4+",.(+5! 6*+*-7(&789*-"(:! ;(.*#-8.$.*! *! ;*8(! <9%8*-"*! =346;;<>[! *9! *?$98-$#! /#(@*"(+!.*!.*+*-7(&789*-"(!*!9(.*#-8A$12(!*0(-B980$!*!+,$+!0(-+*C,D-08$+! sociais e ambientais. <!0(9/#**-+2(!.*++*+!/#(0*++(+!8-.80$!+,$!#*&$12(!0(9!(!+,#H89*-"(! *!.*+.(%#$9*-"(+!.(!9(.*&(!.*!.*+*-7(&789*-"(!.*0(##*-"*!.$+!8-7*+"8.$+! .(+! H(7*#-(+! .8"$"(#8$8+! 8-+"$&$.(+! $/G+! (! H(&/*! 98&8"$#! .*! Z`_a:! -(! +*-"8.(! .$!8-.,+"#8$&8A$12(!*!0(-+*C,*-"*!9(.*#-8A$12(!.(!/$b+!*!C,*!/#*78$:!0(-0(-98"$-"*!*!$++(08$.$9*-"*:!$!8-"*H#$12(!.$!<9$AB-8$!R!68-c980$!40(-B980$! N$08(-$&!*!V-"*#-$08(-$&!=]$-"d<-$!ef-8(#!^QQa>E!6*++$!F(#9$:!(!H(7*#-(!F*-.*#$&! /&$-*@(,! $! 8-+"$&$12(! .*! 8-F#$*+"#,",#$! %g+80$! =0(-+"#,12(! .*! H#$-.*+! *+"#$.$+!.*!#(.$H*9:!F*##(78$+:!/(#"(+:!$*#(/(#"(+:!,+8-$+!'8.#(*&)"#80$+>!C,*! /*#98"8++*!$!#g/8.$!(0,/$12(!.$!#*H82(:!*-"*-.8.$!*-"2(!0(9(!,9!H#$-.*!7$-A8(!.*9(H#gF80(!=6dV-0$(!*!]8&7*8#$!Z``a>E!4-"*-.89*-"(!C,*!.*+0(-+8.*#(,! $!*?8+"D-08$!.*!8-f9*#(+!H#,/(+!+(08$8+!*!/(7(+!C,*!98&*-$#!(,!+*0,&$#9*-"*! (0,/$7$9!$!#*H82(!*!$b!0(-+"8",b#$9!#*&$1M*+!/#(.,"87$+:!+(08$8+!*!0,&",#$8+:! 0(9!0$#$0"*#b+"80$+!/#G/#8$+E!4+"*+!/(7(+:!*9!9$8(#!(,!9*-(#!8-"*-+8.$.*!=(! C,*!+(9*-"*!/(.*!+*#!7*#8F80$.(!*9!0$.$!0$+(!*9/b#80(>!#*$H*9:!*-F#*-"$9!*:! ^ !U*+C,8+$!$/(8$.$!/*&(!WNUC:!$"#$7)+!.(!4.8"$&!;WThWNUC!Q^h^QQ`!i!W8D-08$+!j,- 9$-$+:!](08$8+!*!](08$8+!</&80$.$+:!*!/*&$!X,-.$12(!.*!<9/$#(!R!U*+C,8+$!*!$(!6*+*-- 7(&789*-"(!W8*-"bL0(!*!T*0-(&GH80(!.(!;$#$-'2(!=X<U4;<>:!$"#$7)+!.(!4.8"$&!X<U4-;<!QZQh^QQ`!S-87*#+$&E! [!Y8-0,&$.(!$(!6*/$#"$9*-"(!.*!](08(&(H8$!*!<-"#(/(&(H8$!=64] W>!*!$(!U#(H#$-9$!.*!UG+O3#$.,$12(!*9!W8D-08$+!](08$8+!=UU3W](0>!.$!S-87*#+8.$.*!X*.*#$&!.(! ;$#$-'2(!=SX;<>E
*9! $&H,9$+! +8",$1M*+:! /#(/M*9! $&"*#-$"87$+! $(! 9(.*&(! .*! .*+*-7(&789*-"(! C,*!(+!$"8-H8$!(,:!$8-.$:!$"8-H*a. 4++$+!#*$1M*+:!*9!%($!/$#"*!.(+!0$+(+:!+*!8-808$9!0(9(!,9!0(-J8"(!.*!0$- #g"*#!+(08$&!*9!"(#-(!.$!/(++*!.*!"*##8"G#8(+!=<&9*8.$!Z``_>!*!/$++$9:!0#*+0*-"*- 9*-"*:!$!+*#!0(-LH,#$.(+!0(9(!I0(-J8"(+!$9%8*-"$8+K!=<0+*&#$.!^QQa>!(,!I0(--J8"(+!+(08($9%8*-"$8+K:!-$!9*.8.$!*9!C,*!+*,+!$H*-"*+!+*!$/#(/#8$9!.(!.8+0,#+(! ambiental e buscam demonstrar a relação entre seus interesses locais e lutas mais $9/&$+!/*&$!0(-+*#7$12(!*0(&GH80$E!
4++$+!+8",$1M*+!0(-J8"87$+!/(.*9!"$-"(!+*!9$-"*#!0(9(!0(-J8"(+!/*&(!$0*+-+(! *! ,4++$+!+8",$1M*+!0(-J8"87$+!/(.*9!"$-"(!+*!9$-"*#!0(9(!0(-J8"(+!/*&(!$0*+-+(! .(+! #*0,#+(+! -$",#$8+! =*9! *+/*08$&! /*&(! 0(-"#(&*! .(! "*##8"G#8(>:! C,$-"(! 8-0(#/(#$#:!/#8-08/$&9*-"*!-(+!0$+(+!78-0,&$.(+!R!8-.,+"#8$&8A$12(!(,!R!$H#80,&",#$! 0(9!,+(!8-"*-+87(!.*!/#(.,"(+!C,b980(+:!$!.89*-+2(!.*!0(-J8"(+!*9!"(#-(!.(!C,*! )!0'$9$.(!/*&$!08D-08$!*0(-B980$!.*!*?"*#-$&8.$.*+k:!8+"(!):!0(-J8"(+!+,+08"$.(+! /(#!+8",$1M*+!*9!C,*!I(!.*+*-7(&789*-"(!.*!,9$!$"878.$.*!0(9/#(9*"$!$!/(++8%8-&8.$.*!.*!(,"#$+!/#g"80$+!+*!9$-"*#*9K!=<0+*&#$.!^QQa5!^k>!.*78.(!$!+*,+!*F*8"(+E! W(-+($-"*!<0+*&#$.!=^QQa5!^_>:!(+!0(-J8"(+!$9%8*-"$8+!+2(! I$C,*&*+! *-7(&7*-.(! H#,/(+! +(08$8+! 0(9! 9(.(+! .8F*#*-08$.(+! .*! $/#(/#8$-12(:! ,+(! *! +8H-8L0$12(! .(! "*##8"G#8(:! "*-.(! (#8H*9! C,$-.(! /*&(! 9*-(+! ,9! .(+!H#,/(+!"*9!$!0(-"8-,8.$.*!.$+!F(#9$+!+(08$8+!.*!$/#(/#8$12(!.(!9*8(! C,*! .*+*-7(&7*9! $9*$1$.$! /(#! 89/$0"(+! 8-.*+*@g7*8+! EEE! .*0(##*-"*+! .(! *?*#0b08(! .*! /#g"80$+! .*! (,"#(+! H#,/(+E! ! 0(-J8"(! /(.*! .*#87$#! .$! .8+/,"$! por apropriação de uma mesma base de recursos ou de bases distintas, mas 8-"*#0(-*0"$.$+!/(#!8-"*#$1M*+!*0(++8+"D980$+!9*.8$.$+!/*&$!$"9(+F*#$:!/*&(! +(&(:!/*&$+!gH,$+!*"0EKE
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Vila Madureira e Camboa dos Frades
! '8+"G#80(! .*! .*+&(0$9*-"(+! .(+! /(7($.(+! .$! g#*$! V"$C,b! p$0$-H$:! 0(9(! $L#-9$9(+!$-"*#8(#9*-"*:!#*9(-"$!$(!/#(0*++(!.*!8-+"$&$12(!.(!U(#"(!.*!V"$C,8!*!.(! 0(9/&*?(!8-.,+"#8$&!.$!<&,9$#!*!.$!W(9/$-'8$!Y$&*!.(!o8(!6(0*:!-(+!$-(+!mQE! 4++*!'8+"G#80(!$@,.$!$!0(9/#**-.*#!(!/$#$.(?(!*9!C,*!+*!*-0(-"#$9!(+!9$8+!$--"8H(+!9(#$.(#*+!.$!*?"8-"$!Y8&$!;$.,#*8#$!*!.*!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+!*:!9*+9(:!.$+! F$9b&8$+!#*0)9O0'*H$.$+E +! 9(#$.(#*+! 9$8+! $-"8H(+! /#(0,#$9! +*! .8F*#*-08$#! .$C,*&*+! #*0)9O0'*-H$.(+:! .*9(-+"#$-.(! $! #*&$12(! $F*"87$! 0(9! (! &,H$#:! F,-.$9*-"$&9*-"*:! $"#$7)+! .$! F(#9$! .(+! /#(0*++(+! .*! "*##8"(#8$&8A$12(! C,*! 8-0&,*9! $+! 0(-.81M*+! /$#$! $! #*-/#(.,12(! 9$"*#8$&! .$+! F$9b&8$+! *! (! +*-"8.(! $"#8%,b.(! R! 78.$! 0(9,-8"g#8$5! F*+"$+! #*&8H8(+$+! =0$"G&80$+! *! .*! "*##*8#(+! .*! 0,&"(! $F#(O%#$+8&*8#(+>! *! #8",$8+! .*! "#(0$+! *! intercâmbio cultural que se misturam às relações de parentesco e de compadrio, re-J*"8-.(!9(.(+!*+/*0bL0(+!.*!,+(!+(08$&!*!$/#(/#8$12(!0(&*"87$!.(!9*8(E!w,$-"(!$(+! #*0)9O0'*H$.(+:! +2(! .*-(98-$.(+! I8-7$+(#*+K:! .*78.(! R! $&*H$12(! .*! C,*! "*#8$9! (0,/$.(!"*##*-(+!0(9!(!8-",8"(!.*!#*0*%*#!8-.*-8A$1M*+!/$#$!8-+"$&$12(!.*!/#(@*"(+! 8-.,+"#8$8+!(,!.*!8-F#$*+"#,",#$:!/#(9*"8.$+!/(#!8-"*#9*.8g#8(+!*-"#*!9(#$.(#*+! .(+!/(7($.(+!*!0$-.8.$"(+!$!0$#H(+!*&*8"(#$8+:!C,*!,"8&8A$7$9!$+!/#(9*++$+!.*!8--.*-8A$1M*+!0(9(!F(#9$!.*!H$#$-"8#!7("(+!*9!$-(!*&*8"(#$&E! +!"*##*-(+!(0,/$.(+! /(#!I8-7$+(#*+K:!-(#9$&9*-"*:!+2(!F$08&9*-"*!/*#0*/"b7*8+!$(!(%+*#7$.(#!*?"*#-(:! .*78.(!R!$,+D-08$!.*!9(#$.8$+:!-("$-.(O+*!/*C,*-(+!0$+*%#*+!$%$-.(-$.(+!*!/&$-0$+!0(9!$78+(!.*!/#(8%812(!.*!$0*++(!$(+!9*+9(+E
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Trajetórias e modos de vida
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F$A*#!78+8"$+!0(-+"$-"*+!$(!/(7($.(:!78+8"$-.(!0$+$!/(#!0$+$!*!#*$&8A$-.(!,9!"#$%$-&'(!+8+"*9g"80(!.*!0(-7*-089*-"(!.$!0(-7*-8D-08$!.(!.*+&(0$9*-"(E!<+!/#(9*++$+! F*8"$+!$(+!9(#$.(#*+!0(-+8+"8$9!*95!8-.*-8A$1M*+!=C,*!-$!9$8(#8$!.(+!0$+(+!F(8!.*! 0*#0$!.*!ou!ZE^QQ:QQ>!*!,9$!0$+$!"8",&$.$!*9!0(-@,-"(!#*+8.*-08$&!$!+*#!0(-+"#,b.(! 0(9! *+"*! L9:! 9(%8&8$.$! *! 0(9! ,9! 0(9/,"$.(#:! $&)9! .(! "#$-+/(#"*! /$#$! (! .*+-&(0$9*-"(E!]*9!9$8(#*+!#*+8+"D-08$+:!*9!$%#8&!.*!^QQ`:!(0(##*,!(!.*+&(0$9*-"(! /$#$!(!o*+8.*-08$&!Y8&$!N(7$!W$-$2:!0(-+"#,b.(!/*&$!;Ut!-(!9,-80b/8(!.*!U$1(!.(! n,98$#:!$!0*#0$!.*!aQ!z9!.(!$-"8H(!/(7($.(E! </G+!$!$/#(7$12(!.(!&80*-08$9*-"(!$9%8*-"$&!*!(!8-b08(!.$!89/&$-"$12(!.$! "*#9*&)"#80$!=9$8(!.*!^QQ`>:!(+!9(#$.(#*+!.*!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+:!0(9(!#*F*#8.(! $-"*#8(#9*-"*:!"*+"*9,-'$9!,9$!0(-.812(!.#$9g"80$!-(!*?*#0b08(!%g+80(!.*!+,$! 08.$.$-8$5!$!#*+"#812(!.(!.8#*8"(!.*!8#!*!78#E!N$!9*.8.$!*9!C,*!$!*+"#$.$!.*!$0*++(! $!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+!/$++$7$!/*&$!Y8&$!;$.,#*8#$:!0(9!(!0(-"#(&*!/#87$.(!.$!g#*$:! /$#$!*-"#$#!*h(,!+$8#!.(!/(7($.(:!+*,+!9(#$.(#*+!/$++$#$9!$!+*#!+,%9*"8.(+!$(! 0(-"#(&*!*!$!0(-+"#$-H89*-"(+!/(#!/$#"*!.(+!+*H,#$-1$+!.$!*9/#*+$:!C,*!+*!$/#*-+*-"$7$9!$#9$.(+E!<&)9!.8++(:!*+"$7$9!+,@*8"(+!$(!/*#8H(!.*!"#$-+8"$#*9!/(#!78$! "(9$.$!/(#!0$98-'M*+:!9$C,8-g#8(+!/*+$.(+!*!9$"*#8$8+:!.8L0,&"$-.(!$!/$++$H*9! .(+!9(#$.(#*+!*:!0(9(!*#$!/*#b(.(!0',7(+(:!78$9!+,$+!78$+!.*!$0*++(!"(9$.$+!/*&$! &$9$:!.*78.(!R+!(%#$+!.*!"*##$/&$-$H*9!C,*!+*!8-808$7$9E!
As crianças, para tomarem o transporte para a escola, passaram a ter que $-.$#!/(#!0*#0$!.*![Q!98-,"(+!$")!$!po!Z[k:!L0$-.(!*?/(+"$+!$(+!/*#8H(+!#*/#*+*--"$.(+!/*&$+!$"878.$.*+!.*!0(-+"#,12(!.$!"*#9*&)"#80$E <!0#8$12(!.$!<++(08$12(!.*!;(#$.(#*+!.*!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+:!-(!L-$&!.*! ^QQm:!.*,O+*!*9!F,-12(!.$!-*0*++8.$.*!.*!$!0(9,-8.$.*!+*!(#H$-8A$#!/(&8"80$9*--"*!/$#$!#*878-.80$#!.8#*8"(+!*!#*+8+"8#!R+!$H#*++M*+!C,*!$!$"8-H8$9E!<!/$#"8#!.*!*-"2(:! $"#$7)+!.(+!.8#*"(#*+!.$!<++(08$12(!#*0)9OF(#9$.$:!F(#$9!&*7$-"$.(+!*&*9*-"(+! C,*!C,*+"8(-$#$9!(!/#(0*++(!.*!&80*-08$9*-"(!.$!"*#9*&)"#80$:!%*9!0(9(!$!+8",$-12(!*9!C,*!+*!*-0(-"#$!(!/(7($.(!.*!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+5 Z>!<!*9/#*+$!8-808(,!-(7$!*+"#$.$!.*!$0*++(!R!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+:!/(#!.*--"#(!.(!9$-H,*:!0(9!,9!"#$@*"(!.*+$/#(7$.(!/*&(+!9(#$.(#*+!.*78.(!$(!$,9*-"(! .$!.8+"c-08$!0(9!#*&$12(!R!poOZ[k:!$&)9!.(!C,*!.*+9$"(,!,9$!g#*$!0(-+8.*#g7*&! .$!7*H*"$12(!.*!9$-H,*E! !Vp<;<:!*9!F,-12(!.(!89/$0"(!-(!9$-H,*:!-2(!$,"(#8-A(,!*+"$!(%#$:!C,*!+*!*-0(-"#$!*9%$#H$.$E! ^>! 6,#$-"*! (! /#(0*++(! .*! &80*-08$9*-"(! /$#$! $! 0(-+"#,12(! .$! "*#9*&)"#8-0$:!(+!9(#$.(#*+!.*!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+!-2(!F(#$9!0(9,-80$.(+!+(%#*!$!+8",$12(:! /#*7$&*0*-.(!8-F(#9$1M*+!.8+"(#08.$+!*!9$-8/,&$.$+!/*&$!S-82(!.*!;(#$.(#*+E! ! /(7($.(!F(8!8H-(#$.(!"$-"(!/*&(+!*9/#**-.*.(#*+!C,$-"(!/*&(+!/#G/#8(+!9(#$.(-
#*+!.$!Y8&$!;$.,#*8#$:!C,*!F(#$9!(#8*-"$.(+!/*&(+!")0-80(+!.(!]*"(#!.*!o*+/(-+$-%8&8.$.*!](08$&!.$!;Ut!$!-2(!9$-"*#!.8g&(H(!*!-2(!/$++$#!8-F(#9$1M*+!.(!C,*!78#8$! a acontecer mais tarde.
[>! +!9(#$.(#*+!#*0&$9$9!C,*!*+"2(!+*-.(!/#*@,.80$.(+!9$8+!#*0*-"*9*-- "*!/(#!.(8+!/#(%&*9$+5!(!/#89*8#(:!.8A!#*+/*8"(!$(+!.*@*"(+!C,*:!+*9!C,$&C,*#!"#$"$-9*-"(:!+2(!.*+/*@$.(+!-(+!8H$#$/)+!/*&$!*9/#*+$!I40(.8*+*&K:!(!C,*!"*9!#*.,A8.(! $!/#(.,12(!.*!/*+0$.(+l!(!+*H,-.(:!#*F*#*O+*!$(!$++(#*$9*-"(!.(+!8H$#$/)+!*9!C,*! /*+0$9:!/(8+!(!.*+9$"$9*-"(!*!$"*##$9*-"(!F*8"(!/*&$!;Ut!/$#$!8-+"$&$12(!.$+! obras estaria causando a descida de areia, barro e lama.
a>!N(!/(7($.(!-2(!"*9!*+0(&$!*!/(+"(!.*!+$f.*:!(!C,*!89/&80$!.*+&(0$9*--"(+!/$#$!(%"*-12(!.*+"*+!+*#781(+E! N$!9*9G#8$!.(+!9$8+!$-"8H(+:!/$8#$!$!&*9%#$-1$!.*!,9!I"*9/(!.*!F$#",- #$K:!0(-"#$+"$-.(!0(9!$!+8",$12(!$",$&:!C,*!0(9/#(9*"*!$+!/(++8%8&8.$.*+!.*!#*-/#(.,12(!+(08$&!.(!/(7($.(E! !#*0*-"*!/#(0*++(!.*!(#H$-8A$12(!.$!<++(08$12(!.(+! ;(#$.(#*+!.*!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+!*!$!.8+/(+812(!.*!+,$+!&8.*#$-1$+!.*!%,+0$#!8--formações sobre seus direitos, principalmente no que se refere às possibilidades .*!0(-"#(&*!.(!"*##8"G#8(!*!89/&$-"$12(h9$-,"*-12(!.*!0(-.81M*+!.*!78.$!.8H-$+:! H*#$9!/#(%&*9$+!/$#$!(!*9/#**-.89*-"(!.$!"*#9*&)"#80$E! <!/*#9$-D-08$!.*!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+!*-"#*!(!*9/#**-.89*-"(!*!(!9$#! $/#*+*-"$!.,$+!(#.*-+!.*!/#(%&*9$+!/$#$!$!;Ut5!.8F80,&.$.*+!/$#$!$!8-+"$&$12(! .(+!*C,8/$9*-"(+!.*!"#$-+/(#"*!.(!0$#72(!98-*#$&:!.$!gH,$!.(!9$#!*!.$!gH,$! #*+,&"$-"*!.(!/#(0*++(!/#(.,"87(l!/(++b7*8+!.*-f-08$+!F,",#$+!C,$-"(!$(+!*F*8-"(+!.$!/(&,812(!+(%#*!$!/(/,&$12(!&(0$&:!$/G+!$!*-"#$.$!*9!F,-08(-$9*-"(!.(! empreendimento.
Em função dos embates relacionados, atualmente, com a possibilida- .*!.*!/*#9$-D-08$!*!0(-"#(&*!.(!"*##8"G#8(!*!0(9!$+!0(-+*C,D-08$+!$9%8*--"$8+! @g! 0(-+"$"$.$+! $/G+! (! 8-b08(! .$+! (%#$+! .*! "*##$/&$-$H*9:! +(9$.(+! $(+! /(++b7*8+!0(-F#(-"(+!.*0(##*-"*+!.$!0(-"8-,8.$.*!.$+!(%#$+!*!.(!F,-08(-$-9*-"(! .$! "*#9*&)"#80$:! /(.*9(+! $F8#9$#! C,*! +*! *-0(-"#$! *9! $-.$/(++b7*8+!0(-F#(-"(+!.*0(##*-"*+!.$!0(-"8-,8.$.*!.$+!(%#$+!*!.(!F,-08(-$-9*-"(! (! 0(-F#(-"(!.*!.,$+!&GH80$+!.*!(0,/$12(!.(!"*##8"G#8(:!$C,*&$!.(+!9(#$.(#*+! que pretendem permanecer nele e a do empreendedor que o percebe como #*0,#+(!/#(.,"87(!/$#$!$!$0,9,&$12(!.*!0$/8"$&:!(!C,*!0(-F8H,#$!,9$!+8",$-ção de conflito socioambiental.
CONCLUSÃO
<!89/&$-"$12(!-$!<9$AB-8$!%#$+8&*8#$!.*!,9!9(.*&(!.*!.*+*-7(&789*-"(!C,*! $"8-H8,!.8#*"$9*-"*!/(/,&$1M*+!*!$9%8*-"*+:!0(-0*%8.(!-(!#*H89*!.8"$"(#8$&!.*! Z`_a:!#*+,&"(,!-(!0(-F#(-"(!0(9!&GH80$+!.8F*#*-08$.$+!.*!(0,/$12(!*!,+(!.*!"*#-#8"G#8(+!*!#*0,#+(+E!4+"*!9(.*&(:!$8-.$!'(@*:!)!9$-"8.(!*9!%($!/$#"*!0(9!+,$+!
0$#$0"*#b+"80$+!,+,$8+!*!0(-"8-,$!$!$"8-H8#!H#,/(+!+(08$8+!C,*!#*$H*9:!-$!%,+0$! .*! 9$-"*#! +*,+! 9(.(+! .*! 78.$E! ]*! -2(! 0(-"$! 9$8+! 0(9! (! /(.*#! .*! #*/#*++2(! .8#*"$!$++*H,#$.(!-(!/*#b(.(!98&8"$#:!#*0(##*-"*9*-"*!,"8&8A$.(!-(+!/#(0*++(+! .*!.*+&(0$9*-"(!0(9/,&+G#8(!.*!H#,/(+!C,*!9$-"8-'$9!"*##8"G#8(+!$&9*@$.(+! /*&(+!/#(@*"(+!$!+*#*9!89/&$-"$.(+!(,!/$#$!$!0(-"*-12(!.*!/#("*+"(+!#*+,&"$--"*+! .*! *?"*#-$&8.$.*+! H*#$.$+! /(#! *+/*&(+!/#(@*"(+!$!+*#*9!89/&$-"$.(+!(,!/$#$!$!0(-"*-12(!.*!/#("*+"(+!#*+,&"$--"*+! 9*+9(+! /#(@*"(+:! '(@*! )! 0#*+0*-"*! $! ,"8&8A$12(! .*! /#(0*++(+! .*! 9$-8/,&$12(! .(+! 8-+"#,9*-"(+! &*H$8+:! /#*78+"(+! -$! &*H8+&$12(!%#$+8&*8#$!="$8+!0(9(!(+!o*&$"G#8(+!.*!V9/$0"(+!<9%8*-"$8+>:!*!.$!(#-H$-8A$12(!+(08$&!.(+!H#,/(+!+(08$8+!$"8-H8.(+!/(#!+*,+!89/$0"(+E!4:!$8-.$!$++89:! quando esses processos não funcionam, não são raros os casos de uso da força Fb+80$!=$9*$1$+:!$++$++8-$"(+:!/#*++M*+>:!"$-"(!/*&(!$/$#$"(!*+"$"$&!C,$-"(!/(#! H#,/(+!/#87$.(+E! N(! ;$#$-'2(:! 0(-F&8"(+! +(08($9%8*-"$8+! +*! 0(-F8H,#$9! .*+.*! (! 8-b08(! .(+!$-(+!mQ!*!0(-"8-,$9!$!+,#H8#!-(7(+:!-$!9*.8.$!*9!C,*!$+!0$#$0"*#b+"80$+! 89/$0"$-"*+!.(!9(.*&(!.*!.*+*-7(&789*-"(!.(98-$-"*!+*!#*-(7$9!0(9!$!#*"(-9$.$!.$!0$/$08.$.*!.*!8-7*+"89*-"(!.(!4+"$.(!%#$+8&*8#(!=$%$&$.$!/*&$!f&"89$! 0#8+*!*0(-B980$!9,-.8$&:!9$+!-2(!0(9/#(9*"8.$!*9!+*,+!F,-.$9*-"(+>!*!+2(! /*#9$-*-"*9*-"*!$-,-08$.(+!-(7(+!/#(@*"(+!.*!.*+*-7(&789*-"(!(,!$9/&8$-12(!.(+!@g!*?8+"*-"*+:!C,*!*-7(&7*9!$!8-808$"87$!/#87$.$!*!+2(!.*!8-F#$*+"#,",#$! (,!/#(.,"87(+:!#*F*#8.(+!$!$"878.$.*+!&8H$.$+!R!8-.,+"#8$&8A$12(:!R!$H#(/*0,g#8$:! R!/*+0$!8-.,+"#8$&:!R!0$#08-80,&",#$:!$(!",#8+9(E!!;*+9(!C,*!(+!89/$0"(+!+*@$9! .8+0,#+87$9*-"*!$9*-8A$.(+:!/(#!*?*9/&(:!$"#$7)+!.$!8-0(#/(#$12(!.*!-(1M*+! 0(9(! .*+*-7(&789*-"(! +,+"*-"g7*&:! +,+"*-"$%8&8.$.*:! #*+/(-+$%8&8.$.*! +(08$&! e ambiental, no momento em que a discussão da questão ambiental toma uma 0#*+0*-"*! 89/(#"c-08$! -(! 0*-g#8(! 8-"*#-$08(-$&:! *++*+! 0(-F&8"(+! 0(-"8-,$9! $! +,#H8#!*h(,!$!$/#(F,-.$#*9O+*:!*?8H8-.(!C,*!+*@$9!$9/&8$.(+!(+!*+",.(+!+(%#*! 89/$0"(+!+(08($9%8*-"$8+!*!+,$+!0(-+*C,D-08$+E
N(!0$+(!.*!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+!*!Y8&$!;$.,#*8#$:!)!/(++b7*&!7*#8L0$#!0(9(! .(8+!/(7($.(+!/#G?89(+!#*$H8#$9!.*!F(#9$+!.8F*#*-08$.$+!R!$12(!.*!,9!H#$-.*! /#(@*"(E! Y8&$! ;$.,#*8#$:! $! /$#"8#! .*! ,9! 0(9/*"*-"*! "#$%$&'(! #*$&8A$.(! /*&$! *9-/#*+$!*9/#**-.*.(#$:!C,*!&$-1(,!92(!.*!"*0-(&(H8$+!+(08$8+!.*!9$-8/,&$12(!.*! 0(-J8"(+:!0*.*,!0(9!#*&$"87$!F$08&8.$.*!$(!.*+&(0$9*-"(E!49!W$9%($!.(+!X#$.*+:! $!(#H$-8A$12(!/(&b"80$!"*9!+8.(!8-+"#,9*-"(!-$!%,+0$!.*!H$#$-"8#!(!0(-"#(&*!+(%#*! (!"*##8"G#8(!*!.*!#*0,/*#$#!(+!I"*9/(+!.*!F$#",#$KE!U$#$!"$-"(:!$!<++(08$12(!.*!;(- #$.(#*+!.*9$-.$!$!-*0*++g#8$!/#*+*-1$!.(!4+"$.(:!/(#)9:!-2(!/$#$!-*H$#!+,$!'8+-"G#8$:!+*,!9(.(!.*!78.$:!9$+!/$#$!H$#$-"8#!C,*!+*,+!9(#$.(#*+!"*-'$9!#*+/*8"$.(+! (+!.8#*8"(+!C,*!&'*+!+2(!0(-+"8",08(-$&9*-"*!$++*H,#$.(+E! +!.*+.(%#$9*-"(+!.*+-"$!+8",$12(!+*!*-0(-"#$9!*9!$%*#"(!*!*?8H*9!,9!/*#9$-*-"*!$0(9/$-'$9*-"(E
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