eISSN 2175-3369
Licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons
M. Shafi q-Ur Rahman
Transporte público em uma pequena ilha de um país em desenvolvimento
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Abstract
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Keywords>(=%*%/4%:D(R%!:*$2'D(J%1%58%1%5D(7'')/':D(E*$#:#5'(D
Resumo
Este artigo aborda os sistemas de transporte público, os serviços por eles ofertados e o padrão de deslocamen-to das pessoas na Província de Siquijor, uma ilha das Filipinas. Para o desenvolvimendeslocamen-to desta pesquisa foram
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utilizados formulário de pesquisa domiciliar, entrevistas com passageiros dos diversos meios de transporte público e uma minuciosa observação participativa. Ônibus, jeepney, easyride, triciclo e habalhabal são os sis-temas de transporte público disponíveis na ilha. Contudo, estes serviços não proporcionam o tempo de viagem e espera, disponibilidade ou frequência, conforto e segurança demandados pelos passageiros. A maior parte das pessoas opta por se utilizar do easyride em função do conforto e do menor tempo de espera, ao passo que optam pelo ônibus em virtude do conforto oferecido. Considerando o padrão de viagens, situação socioeconô-mica e condições topográicas locais, este trabalho buscou identiicar qual o sistema de transporte público mais apropriado para a ilha. Observou-se que o ônibus é o meio mais adequado para trajetos longos, enquanto o easyride se destaca nas viagens intermunicipais e o habalhabal nos trajetos em áreas montanhosas.
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Transport in Siquijor island
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E*$#:#5'( $!( !B$&%15'( +"*( !8"*&<2$!&%/#'( &*$)!( $/( 5'!!(8$55:(%*'%!(%/2()*"9$2'!(2""*<&"<2""*(!'*9$#'!( 1'&G''/(N>ZZ(%.(%/2(N>ZZ().D(J"G'9'*,(!".'&$.'!( %(+'G("+(&8'.(")'*%&'("/(#'*&%$/(?$F'2(*"B&'!D( 1"B&( KZX( &*$#:#5'!( %*'( ")'*%&$/4( "/( &8'( $!5%/2( %/2( )5%:( %( .%I"*( *"5'( $/( &*%/!)"*&( $/( %/2( %*"B/2( H$@B$I"*( 6"15%#$"/(%/2(`%*'/%(6"15%#$"/(V3 JO k,(XZZYWD( ='#%B!'( "+( &8'( 8$55:( &")"4*%)8:,( 9'*:( +'G( &*$#:< #5'!( %*'( ")'*%&$/4( $/( &8'( .B/$#$)%5$&:( "+( R/*$@B'( s$55%/B'9%,( O%*$%,( %/2( `%_$D( m%*'!( +"*( &*$#:#5'!( %*'( 2'&'*.$/'2(1:(&8'(5"#%5(4"9'*/.'/&(B/$&(V`]0W("/(%( ;.(*%&'(1%!$!D(J"G'9'*,(&8'(2*$9'*("+(%(&*$#:#5'(B!B< %55:(2'&'*.$/'!(&8'(+%*'(2')'/2$/4("/(&8'(/B.1'*( "+()%!!'/4'*!(*$2$/4(t(8$48'*(+"*(!$/45'()%!!'/4'*!( G8$5'(5'!!($+(!8%*'2(G$&8("&8'*!D(
J%1%58%1%5($!(&8'("/5:(."2'(G8$#8($!(%##'!!$15'( $/(."B/&%$/"B!(%*'%!(G8'*'("&8'*(."2'!(V$D'D(1B!,( I'')/':,('%!:*$2',(&*$#:#5'W(%*'(/"&(%##'!!$15',(%/2($/( '%#8(%/2('9'*:()%*&("+(&8'($!5%/2('9'/(G8'*'("&8'*( ."2'!(%*'(%5!"(")'*%&$/4D(E8'*'(%*'(%1"B&(N[L(8%< 1%58%1%5($/(&8'($!5%/2(V3 JO k,(XZZ[%W,(%9%$5%15'( +"*(%(*$2'(%&(%/:(&$.'d(8"G'9'*,(%(9'*:(8$48(+%*'(V2'< )'/2$/4("/(1%*4%$/W($!(%))5$'2(%+&'*(N>ZZ().D(R9'/( &8"B48( +%*'!( "+( 8%1%58%1%5( %*'( /"&( ?$F'2,( &8'( 2*$9< '*!( %5."!&( %5G%:!( +"55"G( %( !$.$5%*( +%*'( !&*B#&B*'D( E8'(per(;.(+%*'($!(8$48'*(+"*(5"/4'*(2$!&%/#'(&*$)!( #".)%*'2(G$&8(!8"*&'*("/'!D(Q/&'*'!&$/45:,(&8'(+%*'( +"*(&8'(!%.'(2$!&%/#'(B)8$55($!(."*'(&8%/(2"G/8$55d( 'D4D( 6"15%#$"/( H$@B$I"*( &"( 6"/"/4( $!( 6XZ( G8$5'( $/( &8'(*'9'*!'(2$*'#&$"/($&($!(6TMD(m%*'!("/(8%1%58%1%5( %*'( .B#8( 8$48'*( #".)%*'2( G$&8( "&8'*( ."2'!D( m"*( Public transport systems
RF$!&$/4( )B15$#( &*%/!)"*&( ")'*%&$/4( $/( H$@B$I"*( $!5%/2(#%/(1'(4*"B)'2($/(&G"(#%&'4"*$'!>( ixed-route services( V1B!,( I'')/':( %/2( '%!:*$2'W,( %/2( door-to-door services(V8%1%58%1%5(%/2(&*$#:#5'WD
=B!'!( %/2( I'')/':!( ")'*%&$/4( $/( &8'( $!5%/2( %*'( !$.$5%*($/(&'*.!("+(&8'$*()%!!'/4'*(#%)%#$&:,(!'*9$#< '!(%/2(+%*'D(E8'(!$_'("+(1B!'!(")'*%&$/4($!(9'*:(!.%55( V#%)%#$&:("+(LX(!'%&!WD(n/5:(+"B*(.$/$1B!'!(%*'(")< '*%&$/4("/(&8'(`%*'/%(<(`%_$(V9$%(R/*$@B'(s$55%/B'9%( %/2( O%*$%W( *"B&'( %/2( 2%$5:( )*"9$2'( %*"B/2( '$48&( &*$)!($/('%#8(2$*'#&$"/D(EG"('F$!&$/4(I'')/':(*"B&'!( %*'(H$@B$I"*(<(H%/(7B%/(<(`%_$(%/2(`%*'/%(<(R/*$@B'( s$55%/B'9%(<(O%*$%(<(`%_$D(n/5:(TM(I'')/':!(%*'(")< '*%&$/4("/(&8'(H$@B$I"*(<(`%_$(*"B&'(G8$5'(XL("/(&8'( `%*'/%(<(`%_$(*"B&'()*"9$2'(%*"B/2(TN(&*$)!(2%$5:($/( '%#8(2$*'#&$"/D(="&8(&8'(1B!(%/2(I'')/':(!&")(+*'< @B'/&5:( %&( %/:( &$.'( %/2( %/:( )5%#'( $+( %( )%!!'/4'*( G%/&!(&"(4'&("++(V%5$48&W("*("/(V1"%*2W,(G8$#8(!$4/$?$< #%/&5:(%++'#&!(&8'(&*%9'5(&$.'(%/2(")'*%&$"/(!)''2("+( 9'8$#5'!D( 9'*%4'(&*$)(&$.'(+"*(%(2$!&%/#'("+(KZ(;.( 1'&G''/(`%*'/%(%/2(`%_$(V9$%(O%*$%W($!(eZ(.$/B&'!( "/(1B!(%/2(eZ(&"(TXZ(.$/B&'!("/(I'')/':D(E8"B48( &8'( ")'*%&"*!( "+( 1B!( %/2( I'')/':( 8%2( 2'#$2'2( "/( %( 8'%2G%:( "+( KZ( .$/B&'!( +"*( 1"&8( *"B&'!( %/2( $/( '%#8(2$*'#&$"/,($/()*%#&$#',(2*$9'*!(G%$&(."*'(&$.'( V.%;$/4( 2'5%:W( $/( "*2'*( &"( 4'&( ."*'( )%!!'/4'*!D( E8'(+%*'($!(2'&'*.$/'2(1:(&8'(`%/2(E*%/!)"*&%&$"/( m*%/#8$!'(%/2(3'4B5%&"*:(="%*2(V`Em3=W("/(%()'*( ;.(*%&'D(H&%/2%*2(+%*'(+"*(%(I'')/':(+*".(H$@B$I"*( 6"15%#$"/( &"( H%/( 7B%/( 6"15%#$"/( V%1"B&( TX( ;.W( $!( 6TX(G8$5!&(+"*(1B!(+*".(`%*'/%(6"15%#$"/(&"(R/*$@B'( s$55%/B'9%(6"15%#$"/(V%1"B&(TK(;.W($!(6TKD(E8'(+%*'( $!(!%.'(+"*(1"&8(I'')/':(%/2(1B!(%/2(&8'$*(!'*9$#'( 5'9'5($!(%5!"(!$.$5%*D
'F%.)5',( H$@B$I"*( &"( `%*'/%( $!( 6KZ( "/( 8%1%58%1%5( G8'*'($&($!("/5:(6Y("/(I'')/':("*('%!:*$2'D
Travel pattern of the respondents
H"#$"<'#"/".$#(%/2(2'."4*%)8$#()*"?$5'("+(&8'( !%.)5'( )")B5%&$"/( %*'( %5."!&( !$.$5%*( &"( &8'( !'#< "/2%*:( $/+"*.%&$"/( "+( &8'( $!5%/2,( G8$#8( *'9'%5!( &8%&(&8'(!%.)5'($!(*')*'!'/&%&$9'("+(&8'(G8"5'()")< B5%&$"/D(n/5:(LXr("+(&8'(*'!)"/2'/&!(8%9'(+%.$5:( "G/'2(9'8$#5',(."!&5:(."&"*#:#5'!(V[ZrW(G8$5'(%( +'G(8%9'(&*$#:#5'!(VTZrWD( 9'*%4'(."/&85:(8"B!'< 8"52('F)'/2$&B*'(+"*(&*%/!)"*&($/(H$@B$I"*($!(6MKM( G8$5!&( TXr( !)'/2( 5'!!( &8%/( 6MZ( %/2( TZr( !)'/2( "9'*(6T,ZZZD(
*"B/2( KYr( "+( &8'( 8"B!'8"52( *'!)"/2'/&!( B!B%55:(.%;'(1'&G''/(?$9'(%/2(&'/(&*$)!()'*(G'';,( %1"B&( XXr( .%;'( &G"( &"( +"B*( &*$)!( )'*( G'';,( %/2(
%/"&8'*( XXr( .%;'( "/5:( "/'( &*$)( )'*( G'';( G8$5'( &8'(*'.%$/$/4(*'!)"/2'/&!(&*%9'5(9'*:(*%*'5:(V"/5:( %(+'G(&*$)!($/(%(."/&8WD(E8'(.%I"*$&:(VMYrW("+()%!< !'/4'*!( $/&'*9$'G'2( %5!"( 4%9'( %( G'';5:( &*$)( +*'< @B'/#:( "+( B)( &"( +"B*D( Q&( G%!( +"B/2( &8%&( ."*'( &*$)!( %*'(.%2'(1:(8$48'*($/#".'(4*"B)!("*()'")5'(8%9$/4( %(8"B!'8"52(9'8$#5'D(E8$!("1!'*9%&$"/($!(9'*:(#".< ."/(%/2($/(5$/'(G$&8(&*%/!)"*&(5$&'*%&B*'D(J"G'9'*,( $/( !".'( #%!'!( V2')'/2$/4( "/( !"#$"<'#"/".$#( #"/< 2$&$"/(%/2(#$&:(!$_'("*()%&&'*/W,(&8'("19$"B!("1!'*< 9%&$"/("+(&*%/!)"*&(5$&'*%&B*'($!(/"&(%9%$5%15'($/(&8'( 2'9'5")$/4(G"*52D(m"*($/!&%/#',(9'8$#5'("G/'*!(2"( /"&(.%;'(."*'(&*$)!(#".)%*'2(G$&8("&8'*!(%/2(&8'( +*'@B'/#:("+(&*$)(+"*(1"&8(8$48'*<$/#".'(4*"B)(%/2( )""*<$/#".'(4*"B)($!(%5."!&(!$.$5%*($/(&8'(#'/&*%5( %*'%("+(l8B5/%(#$&:($/(=%/45%2'!8(V3 JO k,(XZZKWD( E8'*'( %5!"( 'F$!&( !$4/$?$#%/&( 2$++'*'/#'!( $/( &*$)( +*'< @B'/#:(G$&8("##B)%&$"/($/(H$@B$I"*($!5%/2(t(!&B2'/&,( &'%#8'*,( %/2( 4"9'*/.'/&( '.)5":''!( 8%9'( 8$48'*(
Figure 1 - Road network and the existing route of easyride service
Source: SIQUIJOR INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROJECT – SIRMAP, 2007.
123°35’
123°30’ 123°40’
Map No.
123°35’ 123°30’
9°10’ 9°15’
9°10’ 9°15’
123°40’
PROVINCE OF SIQUIJOR
EXISTING EASY RIDE ROUTE
Legend: Town Proper Municipal Boundary Barangay Boundary Municipal Road National Road Other Roder
Easy Ride Route 1 Easy Ride Route 2 Easy Ride Route 3 Easy Ride Route 4 Easy Ride Route 5
Source:
New Major Roads: GPS survey conducted by SIMU. February 2004
Digital Mapping by:
Siquijor Information Management Unit (SIMU)
Date of Preparation: June 2004
2000 2000 4000
Scale : 1 : 150 000 Meters
Trip characteristics
R%#8( $/2$9$2B%5( &*$)( 8%2( 1''/( #"/!$2'*'2( $/( &8'(%/%5:!$!("+(&*$)(#8%*%#&'*$!&$#!(%/2(&8'*'(G'*'( %(&"&%5("+(eZL(&*$)!D(E*$)(2$!&%/#'(*'9'%5!(&8%&(&8'( )B15$#( &*%/!)"*&( ."2'!( 2".$/%&'( +"*( 2$!&%/#'!( 1'&G''/( T( %/2( TM( ;.( Vm$4B*'( XWD( HB*)*$!$/45:,( &*$)!("/()*$9%&'(9'8$#5'!(8%9'(1''/(+"B/2(+"*(9'*:( !8"*&(2$!&%/#'!(!B#8(%!(5'!!(&8%/(ZDX(;.(V&8"B48( "+( #"B*!'( $/( 9'*:( +'G( #%!'!WD( J"G'9'*,( &8'( /B.< 1'*( "+( &*$)!( "/( )*$9%&'( 9'8$#5'!( $/#*'%!'!( $+( &8'( &*$)( 2$!&%/#'( $!( 5"/4'*D( m"*( $/!&%/#',( &8'( /B.1'*( "+( &*$)!( 1:( )*$9%&'( 9'8$#5'( $!( ."*'( &8%/( &8%&( "+( )B15$#(&*%/!)"*&(G8'/(&8'(2$!&%/#'($!("9'*(TM(;.D( E8'(/B.1'*("+(&*$)!("/()B15$#(&*%/!)"*&($/#*'%!< '!("9'*(G%5;$/4($+(&8'(2$!&%/#'($!(."*'(&8%/(T(;.( %/2( &8%&( &*'/2( #"/&$/B'!D( E8"B48( &8'( G%5;$/4( 5$.$&($!(M(;.,(%5."!&(YZr("+(G%5;$/4(&*$)!(%*'(5'!!( &8%/(X(;.(%/2(&8'()'*#'/&%4'("+(G%5;$/4(&*$)!(2'< #*'%!'!(2*%.%&$#%55:($+(&8'(2$!&%/#'($!(."*'(&8%/( T(;.(Vm$4B*'(KWD
E*$)!("/()B15$#(&*%/!)"*&(."2'!(*'9'%5(&8%&(%55( &8'(&*$)!(G$&8$/(ZDM(;.(%*'(.%2'("/5:("/(8%1%58%< 1%5("*(&*$#:#5'd(%/2(&8'*'($!(/"(&*$)("/(I'')/':("*( 1B!(+"*(%(2$!&%/#'("+(5'!!(&8%/(X(;.(Vm$4B*'(LWD(E8'( &*$)!( 1'&G''/( TZ( %/2( TM( ;.( 2$!&%/#'( %*'( ."!&5:( .%2'( "/( '%!:*$2'D( R9'/( &8"B48( 8%1%58%1%5( &*$)!( %*'(%9%$5%15'(1"&8(+"*(!8"*&(%/2(5"/4(2$!&%/#',(&8'( .%I"*$&:(VYYrW(%*'(1'&G''/(T(%/2(TZ(;.D(-'!)$&'( &8'(.%I"*$&:("+(&*$#:#5'(&*$)!(VLTrW(1'$/4(5'!!(&8%/( T( ;.,( &8'( /B.1'*( "+( G%5;$/4( &*$)!( $!( !&$55( .B#8( 8$48'*(&8%/(&*$#:#5'("9'*(&8$!(2$!&%/#'(*%/4'D
k"(!$4/$?$#%/&(*'5%&$"/!8$)(G%!(+"B/2(1'&G''/( $/#".'( %/2( #8"$#'( "+( )B15$#( &*%/!)"*&( ."2'( $/( H$@B$I"*($!5%/2D(J"G'9'*,(."!&("+(&8'(!&B2'/&!(*$2'( &*$#:#5'!("*('%!:*$2'!(G8$5'(9'*:(+'G("+(&8'.(G%5;( "*(B!'(1B!'!D(E8$!($/2$#%&'!(&8%&(!&B2'/&!(.%:()*'< +'*(+%!&'*(&*%/!)"*&(G$&8(5'!!(G%$&$/4(&$.'D( 5."!&( MNr("+(&*$)(.%;'*!(2"(/"&(/''2(&"(G%$&(+"*(&*%9'5( %!( &8':( %*'( '$&8'*( G%5;$/4( "*( B!$/4( %( )*$9%&'( 9'< 8$#5'D( E8'( G%$&$/4( &$.'( +"*( )B15$#( &*%/!)"*&( G%!( +"B/2(&"(1'(8$48'*(+"*(&8'(&*$)!(G$&8(5"/4'*(&*%9'5( &$.'d( 8"G'9'*,( %( +'G( &*$)!( "9'*( !8"*&'*( 2$!&%/#'!( $/9"59'2(%(5"/4(G%$&$/4(&$.'D(m"*($/!&%/#',(+'G()%!< !'/4'*!( *')"*&'2( &8%&( &8':( 8%2( &"( G%$&( LZ( &"( NZ( .$/B&'!("*('9'/(NZ(&"(TXZ(.$/B&'!(+"*(%(&*$)("+(5'!!( &8%/(M(;.("*(%(I"B*/':("+(XZ(&"(LZ(.$/B&'!("*('9'/( M(&"(XZ(.$/B&'!D(
&*$)(+*'@B'/#:d(G8$5'(8"B!'G$9'!,(1B!$/'!!()'")5',( %/2(+%*.'*!(8%9'(5"G'*(+*'@B'/#:("+(&*$)!D(
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O"2%5( !8%*'( "+( &*$)!( *'9'%5( &8%&( KKr( %*'( G%5;'2,( XKr( 1:( )*$9%&'( 9'8$#5'!( V$D'D( ."&"*#:#5',( #%*,(9%/,('&#DW,(%/2(LLr("/()B15$#(&*%/!)"*&(."2'!( VTLr( 8%1%58%1%5,( TMr( &*$#:#5',( [r( '%!:*$2',( [r( I'')/':,( %/2( "/5:( Tr( 1B!WD( E8'( 8$48( )"*&$"/( "+( G%5;$/4(&*$)!($/(H$@B$I"*($!5%/2($!(1'#%B!'(%5."!&( 8%5+("+(&8'(*'!)"/2'/&!(VLXrW(.'/&$"/'2(&8%&(B!B< %55:( &8':( G%5;( $+( &8'*'( $!( /"&( %/:( %9%$5%15'( )B15$#( &*%/!)"*&d( %!( /"&'2( '%*5$'*( &8%&( KMr( "+( &*$)!( %*'( !8"*&'*(&8%/(T(;.(G8$#8(#"B52(1'(&*%9'55'2('%!$5:( 1:(G%5;$/4D((
HB*)*$!$/45:,($&(G%!(+"B/2(&8%&(%(+'G()%!!'/4'*!( B!$/4(8%1%58%1%5,(&*$#:#5'(%/2('%!:*$2'(2"(/"&()%:( &8'( +%*'( %!( $&( $!( &8'$*( *'5%&$9'( "*( +*$'/2g!( 9'8$#5'D( ."/4(&8'()B15$#(&*%/!)"*&(."2'!,(.%I"*$&:("+(&8'( &*$)!(#"!&!(%*'(1'5"G(6TZD(m%*'!(+"*(&8'(.%I"*$&:("+( &*$#:#5'( &*$)!( %*'( 1'5"G( 6M,( G8$5'( +"*( '%!:*$2'( "*( I'')/':(&*$)!(%*'(4'/'*%55:($/(&8'(6N(&"(6TZ(*%/4'D( s'*:( +'G( &*$)!( #"!&( ."*'( &8%/( 6XZ,( &8'!'( G'*'( 1:( 8%1%58%1%5("*(I'')/':D(
Public transport: service level, passengers’ usage and preference
*"B/2( [Zr( "+( &8'( *'!)"/2'/&!( $/( H$@B$I"*( $!< 5%/2(B!'()B15$#(&*%/!)"*&D(E8'(*'.%$/2'*(/'9'*(B!'( )B15$#( &*%/!)"*&( 1'#%B!'( &8':( '$&8'*( G%5;( "*( B!'( )'*!"/%5(V+%.$5:("G/'2("*("+?$#'W(9'8$#5'!D(Q/(#"/< &*%!&,(%1"B&(KZr(B!'*!("+(&8'()B15$#(&*%/!)"*&(8%9'( +%.$5:("G/'2(9'8$#5'D(
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Figure 2 - Frequency of trip on different mode and distance
Source:RAHMAN, 2007b.
Count
Distance of the Trip
Below 0.2
Above 20 km 0.21 - 0.5 km 0.51 - 1 km 1.1 -
2 km 2.1 -
3 km 3.1 -
5 km
5.1 - 10 km 10.1 - 15 km 15.1 - 20 km
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Mode of the trip
Walking Private Vehicle Public Transport
Percent
Distance of the Trip
Below 0.2
Above 20 km 0.21 - 0.5 km 0.51 - 1 km 1.1
- 2 km 2.1 - 3 km3.1 - 5 km 5.1 - 10 km 10.1 - 15 km 15.1 - 20 km
40
30
20
10
0
Mode of the trip
Walking Private Vehicle Public Transport
Figure 3- Percentage of Trips for Different Distance Source: RAHMAN, 2007b.
Figure 4 - Number of trips on various public transport modes for different distance
Source: RAHMAN, 2007b.
Count
Distance of the Trip
Below 0.2
Above 20 km 0.21 - 0.5 km 0.51 - 1 km 1.1
- 2 km 2.1 - 3 km 3.1 - 5 km 5.1 - 10 km 10.1 - 15 km 15.1 - 20 km
100 80 60 40 20 0
Mode of the trip
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=B!( )%!!'/4'*!( ."!&5:( 5$9'( $/( &8'( .B/$#$)%5$&$'!( "+( `%*'/%,( R/*$@B'( s$55%/B'9%,( O%*$%,( %/2( `%_$d( %/2( &8'(+*'@B'/#:("+(B!%4'($!(9'*:(*%*'(t("/5:("/'("*(&G"(
Table 1 - Most preferable public transport mode and the reason for preference
Reason Best preference
Habalhabal Tricycle Easyride Jeepney Bus Total
Cheaper 4 20 4 28
Only available 54 14 5 6 79
Nearby available 2 1 3
Comfortable 2 4 46 6 12 70
Safe/Less accident 1 8 3 1 13
Go all places (close to destination) 13 16 1 30
Fast/Less travel time 15 7 1 23
Less waiting time 2 4 10 16
Own/Family have 1 1 2
More space/Carry goods 2 2 1 5
Convenient 1 5 1 7
More people (interaction) 1 1 2
Total 90 48 83 38 19 278
Source: RAHMAN, 2007a.
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#"B/&*$'!D(Q&($!("19$"B!(&8%&(&8'(*'%!"/(+"*()*'+'*'/#'( $/( H$@B$I"*( $!5%/2( 2"'!( 9%*:( 4*'%&5:( 1'&G''/( ."2'!D( m"*( $/!&%/#',( &8"!'( G8"( 8%9'( *')"*&'2( '%!:*$2'( %!( &8'$*(."!&()*'+'**'2(."!&5:(#8""!'($&(+"*(b#".+"*&g("*( b5'!!( G%$&$/4( &$.'g( "*( b5'!!( &*%9'5( &$.'gD( n/( &8'( "&8'*( 8%/2,(b4"(#5"!'(&"(2'!&$/%&$"/g(G%!(&8'(."!&($.)"*&%/&( +"*(&*$#:#5'(G8$5!&('$&8'*(b#8'%)'*g("*(b#".+"*&g(+"*(1"&8( I'')/':( %/2( 1B!( G'*'( &8'( ."!&( #".."/( *'%!"/!( $/( &8"!'(#%!'!D(J"G'9'*,($&(!8"B52(1'(/"&'2(&8%&(b#".+"*&g( 8'*'(2"'!(/"&(.'%/(&8%&(I'')/':("*(1B!(!'*9$#'!(%*'( 9'*:(#".+"*&%15'd(*%&8'*(&8$!($!(!".'8"G(1'&&'*(#".< )%*'2(G$&8("&8'*(."2'!(%9%$5%15'($/(H$@B$I"*($!5%/2D(
n/5:(XX[(*'!)"/2'/&!(4%9'(&8'$*(!'#"/2()*'+'*< '/#'(VG8$#8(.'%/!(&8':(*')"*&'2(B!$/4(."*'(&8%/( "/'(."2'WD(Q/(&8"!',(1B!(G%!()*'+'**'2(1:(&8'(.%< I"*$&:( +"55"G'2( 1:( '%!:*$2'( %/2( I'')/':D( Q/( ."!&( #%!'!(&8'(*'!)"/2'/&!(*')"*&'2(%!(&8'$*(."!&()*'+< '*%15'(."2'(&8'("/'(&8':(B!'(."!&("+&'/D
Expectations about public transport service
E8'( .%I"*( )*"15'.!( "+( )B15$#( &*%/!)"*&( $/( H$@B$I"*( %*'( &8'( %1!'/#'( "+( G'55<!)'#$?$'2( *"B&'!(
Table 2 - Preference of Public Transport Modes with Respect to Different Factors
Preference of the Travel Modes
Factors Highest Lowest
Fare rate : Habalhabal > Tricycle > Easyride > Bus > Jeepney
Comfort : Bus > Easyride > Jeepney > Tricycle > Habalhabal
Safe : Bus > Jeepney > Easyride > Tricycle > Habalhabal
Go all places or
go close to destination :
Easyride
Habalhabal > Tricycle > Jeepney
Bus
Fast/ less travel time : Habalhabal > Easyride > Bus > Jeepney > Tricycle
Waiting time : Bus > Jeepney > Easyride > Tricycle > Habalhabal
More space or
easy to carry goods : Bus
> Easyride > Tricycle > Habalhabal Jeepney
Convenient : Easyride > Habalhabal > Jeepney Tricycle
Bad odor and noise : Jeepney > Easyride Tricycle
Source: RAHMAN, 2007a.
}
}
}
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Conclusions and recommendations
R9'/(&8"B48(&8'(.%I"*$&:("+()'")5'("/(H$@B$I"*( $!5%/2(B!'()B15$#(&*%/!)"*&,(&8'(/B.1'*("+()B15$#( &*%/!)"*&(9'8$#5'!($!(5'!!(&8%/(Mr("+(&8'(&"&%5(/B.< 1'*("+(9'8$#5'!(*'4$!&'*'2(V3 JO k,(XZZ[%WD(E8$!( !$&B%&$"/($!(!$.$5%*(&"("&8'*(2'9'5")$/4(#"B/&*$'!D( O"!&( )'")5'( %*'( 2')'/2'/&( "/( )B15$#( &*%/!)"*&( +"*( &8'$*( &*%9'5( 1B&( $&!( %9%$5%1$5$&:( $!( 5$.$&'2( %/2( !'*9$#'(#%/(1'(9'*:()""*(V] lRkJRQOR3,(TeeeWD( ='!$2'!,( &8'*'( $!( %( #".)5'&'( %1!'/#'( "+( )B15$#( &*%/!)"*&(!B))"*&($/+*%!&*B#&B*'D(
3nHPJ` 0,( TeYMWD( E8$!( )%)'*( *'#"..'/2!( +"*.< $/4( %/( %!!"#$%&$"/( +"*( '%#8( &*%/!)"*&( ."2'( &"( .%/%4'( &8'$*( ")'*%&$"/!,( %!( G'55( %!( %/( $/&'4*%&'2( &*%/!)"*&(%!!"#$%&$"/(1'&G''/(2$++'*'/&(."2'!(V%!< !"#$%&$"/( "+( &8'( %!!"#$%&$"/!WD( `En( "+?$#$%5!( !8"B52( %5!"(1'($/#"*)"*%&'2($/(&8$!(#"..$&&''(G8'*'(`]0( "*( 66n( V)*"9$/#$%5( )5%//$/4( "+?$#'W( #"B52( )5%:( &8'( *"5'( "+( +%#$5$&%&"*( "*( #""*2$/%&"*D( E8$!( $/&'4*%&'2( )B15$#(&*%/!)"*&(%!!"#$%&$"/(G$55(1'(&8'(%)'F(1"2:( +"*(2'#$!$"/<.%;$/4($/(&8'()*"9$/#'D(
E8'( !&B2:( %5!"( *'#"..'/2!( )B15$#( &*%/!)"*&( .%/%4'.'/&( %/2( )*"9$!$"/( "+( !".'( )B15$#( &*%/!< )"*&<!B))"*&$/4( $/+*%!&*B#&B*',( $D'D( %&( 5'%!&( "/'( G%$&$/4( !8'5&'*( G$&8( !'%&$/4( +%#$5$&$'!( %&( '%#8( .B< /$#$)%5(&'*.$/%5(!"(&8%&()%!!'/4'*!(#"B52(*'!&(G8$5'( G%$&$/4D( 9'/B'!(+"*(+B*&8'*(*'!'%*#8(#"B52($/#5B2'( &8'(")'*%&$"/("+(2$++'*'/&()B15$#(&*%/!)"*&(."2'!("*( )*')%*$/4(%(5"4$!&$#(*'4*'!!$"/(."2'5("+(8"G()'")5'( G$55(#8""!'(."2'D(
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`R60^,( OD( =$#:#5'!( "9'*&%;'!( 1B!'!( &*%9'5( $/( J%9%/%D(
The Urban Age,(9D(X,(/D(T,(TeeKD
= 3UR``,(QD('&(%5D(Rural transport in developing coun-triesD( `"/2"/>( Q/&'*/%&$"/%5( E'#8/"5"4:( 6B15$#%&$"/!,( TeYMD
= HR`QkR( 3R6n3ED(Baseline study report of Siquijor
province. H$@B$I"*>( H$@B$I"*( Q/&'4*%&'2( 3'!"B*#'( O%/%4'.'/&(6*"I'#&(t(HQ3O 6,(XZZXD(
RPn`n]QP `( 63nmQ`RD(Ecological proile of Siquijor
provinceD(H$@B$I"*>(y!D/Dz,(XZZKD
]Rn]3 6JQP `( E` HD(Geographic atlas of SiquijorD
6*"9$/#$%5(]"9'*/.'/&("+(H$@B$I"*,(XZZZD
] lRkJRQOR3,( 3D( 0*1%/( ."1$5$&:( $/( &8'( 2'9'5")$/4( G"*52D(Transportation Research Part A - Policy & Practice,(9D(KK,(/D([jY,()D(N[T<NYe,(TeeeD
JnHH Qk,( OD( E8'( $!!B'!( %/2( *'%5$&$'!( "+( =3E( )5%/< /$/4($/$&$%&$9'!($/(2'9'5")$/4( !$%/(#$&$'!D(Journal of Public Transportation,=3E(!)'#$%5('2$&$"/,()D(Ne<Y[,( XZZND
1'($.)"!'2d(1B&(&8$!(!8"B52(1'(;')&(5"G,("&8'*G$!'( 8%1%58%1%5(2*$9'*!(.%:(&*:(&"(%9"$2(*'4$!&'*$/4D(
]$9'/( &8'( 9'*:( !)'#$?$#( /%&B*'( "+( H$@B$I"*,( &8$!( !&B2:(*'#"..'/2!(")'*%&$/4(1B!("*(I'')/':($/(&8'( /%&$"/%5(*"%2(#$*#5$/4(&8'($!5%/2,('%!:*$2'("/5:("/( $/&'*<.B/$#$)%5(#"**$2"*!,(&*$#:#5'("/5:(G$&8$/(.B< /$#$)%5$&$'!g( *"%2!,( %/2( 8%1%58%1%5( "/5:( $/( ."B/< &%$/"B!( %*'%!D( J"G'9'*,( $+( &8'( *"%2( /'&G"*;( %/2( #"/2$&$"/( $!( $.)*"9'2( $/( &8'( +B&B*',( 8%1%58%1%5( .$48&( 1'( *')5%#'2( 1:( J$48( n##B)%/#:( s'8$#5'!( VJns!WD( E8'( 'F$!&$/4( .$/$1B!( !'*9$#'( "+( `%*'/%( <( `%_$(*"B&'(#"B52(1'('F)%/2'2(&"(&8'(G8"5'(#$*#B.< +'*'/&$%5( /%&$"/%5( *"%2( %+&'*( %( 2'&%$5'2( ?$/%/#$%5( +'%!$1$5$&:(!&B2:D(
R%!:*$2'( !8"B52( ")'*%&'( "/( !)'#$?$'2( *"B&'!( "/5:D( HB1I'#&( &"( +B*&8'*( *'!'%*#8( "/( #"!&<1'/'?$&( %/%5:!$!,( '%!:*$2'( !'*9$#'( #"B52( 1'( 'F)%/2'2( "/( !".'(.%I"*(*"%2!(5$;'(`%*'/%(<(=%!%#(<(O%*$%d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g( %!!"#$%&$"/( "+( 9%*$"B!( ."2'!( G$&8( .B&B%5( 1$5%&'*%5(B/2'*!&%/2$/4D
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
3 JO k,(OD(HD(0D(-'&'*.$/$/4(%))*")*$%&'()B15$#(&*%/!< )"*&( !:!&'.( 4$9'/( &8'( 5'9'5( "+( 2'9'5").'/&jB*1%/$_%< &$"/>(&8'(#%!'("+(H$@B$I"*()*"9$/#'DQ/>(Un3`-(Pnk]3RHH(
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Global environment problems and policiesD( k'G(
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HQO6Hnk,(=D(7D(Urban public transport todayD(`"/2"/>(R( |(mk(H)""/,(TeeLD
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exist-ing route of easyride serviceD( H$@B$I"*>( 6*"9$/#$%5( ]"9'*/.'/&("+(H$@B$I"*,(XZZ[D(
Un3`-( = klD(Development in practice>( !B!&%$/%15'( &*%/!)"*&D(U%8!$/4&"/,(-DPD>(E8'(U"*52(=%/;,(TeeND
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&*%/!)"*&%&$"/($/(H"B&8'%!&( !$%/(#$&$'!D(Journal of the Eastern Asian Society for Transportation Studies (EASTS),(9D(T,(/D(X,()D(ML[<MNL,(TeeMD(
O P 3Qn,(3D(0)4*%2$/4(@B%5$&:($/(B*1%/(."1$5$&:(!:!&'.!D( Managing Service Quality,( 9D( TT,( /D( X<N,( )D( H[L[<H[MK,( XZZTD
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1'8%9$"B*D(Technical Forecasting and Social Change,
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OQE3QP,( HD( P*$!$!( %/2( *'#"9'*:>( B*1%/( )B15$#( &*%/!)"*&D( Q/>(k EQnk `(3RHR 3PJ(Pn0kPQ`(<(E3 kH6n3E EQnk( 3RHR 3PJ( =n 3-D(Public transit research>( .%/%4'< .'/&( %/2( )5%//$/4D( U%!8$/4&"/>( E*%/!)"*&( 3'!'%*#8( ="%*2,(TeeTD(
kRUO k,(6D(UD(]Dd(lRkUn3EJo,(7D(3D(Cities and
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