10
th
International Rangeland Congress
Editors
Alan Iwaasa, H.A. (Bart) Lardner,
Mike Schellenberg, Walter Willms
and Kathy Larson
16-22 july 2016
Saskatoon, SK | TCU Place
Cataloguing in publication The Future Management of Grazing and Wild Lands in a High-Tech World: Proceedings 10th International Rangeland Congress/ Editors: Alan Iwaasa, H.A. (Bart) Lardner, Walter Willms, Mike Schellenberg and Kathy Larson on behalf of the 2016 International Rangeland Congress
Organizing Committee
Print ISBN 978-1-77136-458-4
Digital ISBN 978-1-77136-459-1
First printed in 2016
All rights reserved.
Nothing in this publication may be reproduced, stored in a computerized system or published in any form or in any manner, including electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from:
The International Rangeland Congress Continuing Committee
http://rangelandcongress.org/
The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain the responsibility of the authors.
The publisher is not responsible for possible damages that could be a result of content derived from this publication.
Publisher 10th International Rangeland Congress 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Layout design: Kathy Larson & Roberta Gerwing
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10
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ththththInternational Rangeland Congress
International Rangeland Congress
International Rangeland Congress
International Rangeland Congress
Organizing Committee
Organizing Committee
Organizing Committee
Organizing Committee Members
Members
Members
Members
Congress Co-Chairs | Treasurer
Dr. Bruce Coulman, Department of Plant Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Duane McCartney, Lacombe Research Station, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Retired, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
Scientific Program Committee Chairs
Dr. Mike Schellenberg, Swift Current Research Station, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada
Dr. Walter Willms, Lethbridge Research Station, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
Editorial Committee Chairs
Dr. Alan Iwaasa, Swift Current Research Station, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada
Dr. HA (Bart) Lardner, Western Beef Development Centre, Humboldt, Saskatchewan, Canada
Sponsorship Committee Chairs
Dr. Paul Jefferson, Western Beef Development Centre, Humboldt, Saskatchewan, Canada Dr. James (Jim) O’Rourke, Chadron State College, Retired, Chadron, Nebraska, USA
Tour Committee Chairs
Sarah Sommerfeld, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, Outlook, Saskatchewan, Canada Al Foster, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada
Local Arrangements Committee Chairs
Dr. John McKinnon, Department of Animal and Poutry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Dr. Greg Penner, Department of Animal and Poutry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Delegate Sponsorship Committee Chair
Bill Houston, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Communications Chair
Kathy Larson, Western Beef Development Centre, Humboldt, Saskatchewan, Canada
IRC Sponsors and Supporters
IRC Sponsors and Supporters
IRC Sponsors and Supporters
IRC Sponsors and Supporters
GOLD
GOLD
GOLD
GOLD
Government of Canada
Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture
United States Department of Agriculture – Agriculture Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture – Forest Service
United States Department of Agriculture – Natural Resource Conservation Service
Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA)
together withGlobal Agenda for Sustainable Livestock (GASL), Livestock Global Alliance,
CIRAD, Agropolis Fondation and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR)
United States Department of the Interior – Bureau of Land Management
withUnited States Geological Survey
SILVER
SILVER
SILVER
SILVER
Dr. Reed Funk Rangeland Travel Fund at Utah State University
BRONZE
BRONZE
BRONZE
BRONZE
University of Saskatchewan, College of Agricultural and Bioresources
Western Beef Development Centre
SUPPORTERS
SUPPORTERS
SUPPORTERS
SUPPORTERS
University of Saskatchewan
Chadron State College
Saskatchewan Forage Council
Australian Rangeland Society
Tourism Saskatoon
Reviewers
Reviewers
Reviewers
Reviewers
All papers underwent peer review and were edited prior to publication.
Barry Adams Aklilu Alemu Luke Bainard Jillian Bainard Vern Baron Jan Bertilsson Bill Biligetu Shabtai Bittman Hushton Block Barbara Cade-Menun Cameron Carlyle Herb Cutforth Obioha Durunna Pat Fargey Murray Feist Susana Feldman Myriam Fernandez Al Foster Lauchlan Fraser Glenn Friesen Wendy Gardner Xulin Guo Xiying Hao John Hendrickson Daniel Hewins Bill Houston Barry Irving Alan Iwaasa Paul Jefferson Nityananda Khanal Terry Kowalchuk Roland Kroebel Kerry LaForge Eric Lamb Bart Lardner Kathy Larson Trevor Lennox Myra Martel Duane McCartney Brian McConkey Emma McGeough Jeffrey Mosely Bret Olson Kim Ominski Mark Petersen Sarah Pogue Jeff Schoenau Robert Sissons Anne Smith Sarah Sommerfeld Edmund Sottie Harold Steppuhn Kendall Swanson Adrienne Tastad Don Thompson Michael Undi Hong Wang John Wilmshurst Jay Woosaree Mengli Zhao
Preface
Preface
Preface
Preface
The Future Management of Grazing and Wild Lands
in a High-Tech World
Dr. Bruce Coulman & Duane McCartney, IRC Co-Chairs
Every four years, the leading educators, researchers and rangeland managers from around the world gather to exchange knowledge, gain new ideas and network for future collaboration in the overall management of the world’s extensive grazing and wild lands. Previous International Rangeland Congresses have been held in Denver USA, Adelaide, Australia, New Delhi India, Montpellier France, Salt Lake City USA, Townsville, Australia, Durban South Africa, Hohhot, China, and Rosario Argentina. The 10th International Rangeland Congress “The Future Management of the Grazing and Wild Lands in a High Tech World” was held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada from July 16 to 22, 2016. Over 450 presentations from delegates representing 58 countries were made through a series of plenary, oral and poster sessions. Over 215 volunteers were involved in the development and hosting of the Congress. Pre-congress workshops included the topics of: rangeland hydrology and erosion modeling; multifunctionality of pastoralism; future of sage-grouse in western North America; species at risk in Canada; sustainable Chinese grasslands; and rangeland soil health estimates.
During the congress, two plenary presentations were held each day followed by five concurrent oral and poster sessions on thirty different topics. The main topics included: (1) State of Canadian and Global Rangeland and Pasture Resource; (2) Ecological Good and Services of Rangeland and Pasturelands; (3) The People of the Rangelands; (4) Multiple Use of Rangelands; (5) Range and Forage of High Latitudes and Altitudes; (6) Climate Change in Rangelands; and (7) Grazing Land Assessment and Management in a High-Tech World.
Delegates participated in three and four day pre-congress tours covering ecological and tourism sites in southern and central Saskatchewan and a seven day tour of Southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, including the Rocky Mountains. Nine different one-day mid-congress tours featured visits to historical sites, the University of Saskatchewan, the Western Beef Development Centre, the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, local industry, dairy farms, research centers, and tours of local grazing and farm lands.
The plenary, oral and poster presentations are featured in these proceedings and are organized by topic. We gratefully acknowledge the dedication of Kathy Larson, beef economist with the Western Beef Development Centre as head editor and general secretary of the overall congress, Dr. Mike Schellenberg, plant ecologist, and Dr. Walter Willms range ecologist (retired) Agriculture and Agri Food Canada, Co-Chairs of the Program Committee Dr. Alan Iwaasa, animal nutritionist with Agriculture and Agri Food Canada and Dr. Bart Lardner, beef cattle researcher with the Western Beef Development Centre, Co-Chairs of the paper submission and review process.
The knowledge summarized in these proceedings is a compendium of the current information for managing the world’s range and wild lands and will have great influence on how we manage these lands for future generations.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Organizing Committee Members Organizing Committee Members Organizing Committee Members
Organizing Committee Members ... iiiiiiii IRC Sponsors and Supporters
IRC Sponsors and Supporters IRC Sponsors and Supporters
IRC Sponsors and Supporters ... iii...iiiiiiiii Reviewers Reviewers Reviewers Reviewers ... iviviviv Preface Preface Preface Preface ... vvv v Plenary Papers Plenary Papers Plenary Papers Plenary Papers ... 1...111 A Brief Tour of Canada’s Rangeland and Pasture Resources ...2
Global Range Resources: A Perspective on Their Use ...8
Rangeland Goods and Services: Identifying Challenges and Developing Strategies for Continued Provisioning . ... 14
Toward a Culture of Range: The Role of Society in Protecting Rangeland Ecological Goods and Services .... 20
Pastoralists in the 21st century: “Lo-Tech” meets “Hi-Tech” ... 24
Resource Extraction and Mining Problems in Asia and Mongolia ... 32
Energy Extraction Effects on North American Rangelands: Impacts on the Delivery of Ecosystem Services . 37 Rangelands of Subarctic and Arctic North America and Europe: Ecosystems, Wildlife and Management ... 43
Sustainable Rangelands, Sustainable Pastoralism in Yak-Herding Areas of the Greater Tibetan Plateau ... 50
The Resilience of Western Rangeland: Exposure to 9,000 Years of Climate Variability ... 59
Global Climate of Rangelands: Past, Present, Future ... 65
The Alberta Rangeland Ecological Tool Kit: Knowledge Tools for Sustainable Rangeland Resource Management ... 72
Impact of Communication Technologies on Pastoralist Societies ... 78
Voices of the IRC - Synthesis Poem for Sessions 4, 5 and 6 ... 84
State of Global & Canadian Rangeland and Pasture Resources State of Global & Canadian Rangeland and Pasture Resources State of Global & Canadian Rangeland and Pasture Resources State of Global & Canadian Rangeland and Pasture Resources ... 939393 93
1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Ecosite descriptions and ecoregion classificationEcosite descriptions and ecoregion classificationEcosite descriptions and ecoregion classificationEcosite descriptions and ecoregion classification ... 949494 94
Developing Ecological Site Descriptions on Mongolian Rangelands to Enhance Monitoring Condition and Trend ... 94
Testing the State and Transition Model for the Stipa krylovii — Cleistogenes squarrosa — Forb Community in Mongolian Steppe ... 97
Soil Types and Vegetation on a Grassland Ecosystem in Uruguay ... 99
Validating Riparian State-and-Transition Models ... 101
Present Status and Sustainable Management of Grasslands in Indian Himalayas ... 104
Application of the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model to Ecological Site Descriptions and Management ... 106
Ecological Condition and Trend of Mongolian Rangelands ... 109
Substrate Synusia of Mosses in Rangeland Ecosystems of Uzbekistan ... 111
Development of the Ecological Site Classification in Mongolian Rangelands: Case Study in Forest Steppe Zone ... 114
Trace Minerals Profile of Forbs and Grasses at Flowering Stage in Rangelands of North Kordofan, Sudan .. 117 National Resources Inventory (NRI) On-Site Grazing Land Study of Rangeland and Pasture Resources ... 120
Seriphium plumosum L Encroachment Is Influenced by Landscape Factors and Variations in Grassland
Community ... 122 1.2
1.2 1.2
1.2 Historical development of rangelandsHistorical development of rangelands ...Historical development of rangelandsHistorical development of rangelands... 124124124124 Can Rangeland Livestock Systems Compete in a Global Market? Evidence from the Past and Present ... 124 Canadian Rangeland Development ... 127 Linking Seed Banks of Tame, Native and Invaded Parkland Pastures to Historical and Contemporary Management Practices ... 129 Constraints to Forage Production and Rangeland Management in Afghanistan ... 131 1.3
1.3 1.3
1.3 Conservation of wildlife and natural areasConservation of wildlife and natural areas ...Conservation of wildlife and natural areasConservation of wildlife and natural areas... 133...133133133 The Environmental Impacts of Harvesting Caterpillar-Fungus on the Tibet-Qinghai Alpine Meadows ... 133 The Territory Conservation Agreements Program: Promoting Integrated Conservation Management in Australia’s Northern Territory ... 136 Degradation of Natural Rangelands as a Result of Human Activities in Saudi Arabia ... 138 MULTISAR: Partnering for Species at Risk Conservation ... 140 Planning for Rangeland Biodiversity at the Regional Scale: Highlights from Alberta’s Biodiversity Management Frameworks ... 142 Pastoral Wildlife Conservancies in Kenya: A Bottom-up Revolution in Conservation, Balancing Livelihoods and Conservation? ... 144 The Status of Biodiversity in the Grassland and Parkland Regions of Alberta ... 148 Conservation of Wildlife and Natural Areas in Southern Saskatchewan, Canada, through Nature Saskatchewan’s Stewardship Programs ... 150 Managing Cattle and Wildlife Species at Risk on Crown Rangelands in British Columbia, Canada ... 152 Alberta Prairie Conservation Action Plan 2016-2020: Strategies and Outcomes for Future Prairie Conservation Initiatives ... 155 Biodiversity Conservation of Riparian Grassland by Conversion of the Harvested Biomass into Bioenergy . 157 1.4
1.4 1.4
1.4 Grazing Management PracticesGrazing Management Practices ...Grazing Management PracticesGrazing Management Practices... 160160160160 Herbivore Assemblages as a Crucial Factor in Future Grazing Management on Steppe Grasslands ... 160 Grazing Management for Biodiversity Conservation and Landscape Function in Semi-Arid New South Wales
164
Efforts for Sustainable Pasture Management in Central Asian High Mountains: Implementation of the “Law on Pasture Use” in Kyrgyzstan – A Case Study ... 166
Spinescence and the Keystone Plant Acacia tortilis ssp. tortilis in the Arid Middle East: Adjusting Architecture to Deter Different Herbivores ... 168 Multi-Decadal Cow Size Changes and Rangeland Grazing: A Cryptic Trend Altering Plant–Animal Interaction Ecology and Impacts for Grazing Decisions ... 171 Litter Retention – Some Is Good, But Can There Be Too Much of a Good Thing? ... 173 Grazing Management Practices in the Rangelands of Nepal ... 175
Interactive Effects of Grassland Plant Diversity and Herbivore Grazing on Litter Decomposition ... 177 Managing the Land and Vegetation: The Conundrum of Livestock Performance versus Vegetation Response ... ... 179 Improving the Production of Grazing Lands Using Different Management Practices in West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia: The Case of Ejere District ... 181 Improvement of Cattle Grazing Distribution through Genetic Selection: Challenges and Opportunities ... 183 Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Aboveground Biomass in Relation to Distance from Livestock Watering Points in Typical Steppe ... 185 Lessons on Peste des Petits Ruminants Disease Study of Sheep and Goats in the Rangelands of East Africa ... ... 187 A Possible Way Forward with Pimelea Poisoning in Australian Rangelands ... 189 Does Grazing Management Matter in the Arid Koup Region of the Karoo, South Africa?... 191 Grazing Strategy Effects on Herbage Utilization, Production, and Animal Performance on Nebraska Sandhills Meadow ... 193 Effect of Utilization on Aboveground Biomass in Mongolian Rangeland ... 195 Stocking Rate and Grazing Systems affect the Relationship between Sheep Live Weight Gain and Plant Biomass and Diversity of an Alpine Meadow in the Tibetan Plateau, China ... 198 Effect of Range Protection on Activity, Voluntary Feed Intake, and Energy by Grazing Sheep in North Kordofan, Sudan ... 201 Role of Area Enclosure as Tool of Woody Species Rehabilitation in a Highland Grazing Lands of Eastern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia ... 203 Overgrazing and Stocking of Alpine Meadow in Mongolia ... 206 Effects of Mob Grazing with Sheep in Winter or Spring on Green-up and Reproductive Effort of Poa ligularis in Northern Patagonia ... 209 Characteristics and Productivity of Rangelands in Farish District (Uzbekistan) ... 212 Involvement of the Population in the Forest-Rangeland Management in Morocco ... 215 Animal-to-Land Relationship and Beef Production of Beef Heifers Managed in Natural Grasslands of Pampa Biome: A Meta-Analysis ... 218 The Where and Why of Livestock Movement Patterns: Understanding Herder Decision-Making in an Agropastoral Context ... 221 Grazing and N-Amendment Impacts on Soil Nitrate-N Supply Rate ... 223 Physiological Characteristics, Root Mass and Crude Protein of Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandu under Inoculation or Nitrogen Fertilization ... 225 Morphological Characteristics of Brachiaria Brizantha cv. Marandu Inoculated or Nitrogen Fertilized ... 228 A Time Series Analysis of Goats’ Foraging Behavior in a Semi-Natural Grassland: A Preliminary Report .. 230 Grazing Management for Tree Recruitment on Pastoral Land ... 232 Range Reference Areas: Monitoring Vegetation in the Presence and Absence of Livestock Grazing ... 235 Use of Alternative Pastures on Dry Land Farms in New Zealand to Promote Heifer Growth ... 237 Dynamics and Distribution of Grazed Patches under Different Stocking Strategies in Tropical Savanna Rangelands of Australia ... 240
Feeding Behavior of Steers on Natural Grasslands of Southern Brazil ... 242
Nutritional Groups of Herbaceous Species from the Pampas Grasslands ... 244
Effects of Short Duration, High Density Stocking on Soil Properties and Plant Species Composition of a Mesic Grassland in South Africa ... 246
Effect of Rest Period on Herbage Production and Botanic Composition in a Native Pasture ... 249
Morphogenetic and Structural Characteristics of Marandu Grass Inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense or Fertilized with Nitrogen ... 251
Tillering of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu Inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense or Fertilized with Nitrogen ... 253
Tradeoffs between Vegetation Management Goals and Livestock Production under Adaptive Grazing Management ... 255
Monitoring the Grazing Activities of Cattle on Clover-Based Pasture in Northern Japan ... 257
Grazing-Driven Soil Erosion in Sandy Rangelands of Kyzylkum Desert in Uzbekistan ... 259
Effects of Tan Sheep Grazing on Productivity of Typical Steppe on the Loess Plateau ... 262
Response in Structure Vegetation of Campos to Herbage Allowance and Nitrogen Fertilization ... 264
Cows and Clearcutting: How Can We Manage Both in an Aspen Forest? ... 266
The Use of Advanced Remote Sensing to Map Pastureland Change in Mongolia ... 268
Evaluation of Seven Annual Forages for Fall Stockpiled Grazing in Beef Cattle ... 271
The Effect of Grazing and Browsing on Aspen Forest Sites in Central British Columbia ... 273
Compensatory growth of Leymus chinensis in response to clipping under saline-alkali addition conditions .. 275
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Genetic resources Genetic resources and forage developmentGenetic resources Genetic resources and forage developmentand forage developmentand forage development ... 277277277277 Analysis of Morphological Diversity of Five Native Forage Species, Used in Re-Vegetation Programs in Chihuahua, Mexico ... 277
Status, Potential and Strategies for Improving Asian Grazing Lands with Special Reference to India ... 279
Canadian Milkvetch: A Range Species of Concern and Curiosity ... 282
Evaluation of Indigenous Lotus Species from the Western USA for Rangeland Revegetation and Restoration .... ... 284
Evaluation of a Bermudagrass Core Collection ... 287
Evaluation and Utilization of Leymus chinensis Germplasm Resources ... 290
Species Resources of Manitoba’s Vanished Prairies ... 292
Lulu Cattle (Bos taurus L.): An Unique High Altitude Livestock Breed in Rangelands of Nepal ... 295
Goat Raisers’ Acceptability and Willingness to Pay for Baled Hay in the Philippines ... 297
Effect of Seed Size on Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) Agronomic Performance and Seed Germination .. ... 300
Nutritive Value and Anthelmintic Properties of Selected Leguminous Shrubs and Trees for Goats ... 302
Forage Yield of North American and Eurasian Wheatgrass Species in Central Canada ... 304
Effect of Drying Methods on Condensed Tannin Concentration and Nutritive Value of Purple and White Prairie Clovers ... 306
Potential of Stockpiled Perennial Forage Species for Fall and Winter Grazing in the Canadian Great Plains
Region ... 308
The Potential of Silver Thicket (Euphorbia stenoclada Baill.) as Dry Season Supplement Feed for Pastoral Herds in Southwestern Madagascar ... 310
Morpho-Phenological Characterization and Seed Set Enhancement in Sehima nervosum cv. Bundel Saen Ghas-1 ... 313
Zootechnical Value of the Community of Halophytes after Exclusion from Grazing in Flooding Pampa, Argentina ... 316
Eco-physiological Characteristics of Two Native Forage Species of the Canadian Prairies ... 319
Overexpression of Medicago sativa TMT Improves Alfalfa Nutritional Qualities ... 321
Ratio of Seed Yield to Nitrogen Loss: An Effective Approach for Assessing Nitrogen Benefits and Risks in Perennial Grasses Seed Production in Semi-Arid Regions ... 324
Ecological Goods & Services of Rangelands and Pasturelands Ecological Goods & Services of Rangelands and Pasturelands Ecological Goods & Services of Rangelands and Pasturelands Ecological Goods & Services of Rangelands and Pasturelands... 327327327327 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 Nutritional Links from soil to plant to livestock to peopleNutritional Links from soil to plant to livestock to people ...Nutritional Links from soil to plant to livestock to peopleNutritional Links from soil to plant to livestock to people... 328328328328 Botanical Composition of the Diet of Camels Grazing at Kalemando District, North Darfur State, Sudan .... 328
Effect of Grazing Systems on Volatile Compounds in Subcutaneous Fat of Tan Lamb ... 330
Effects of N Addition and Stocking Rate on the Soil Nitrogen Mineralization Rate of Typical Steppe in the Loess Plateau, China ... 332
Productivity and Quality of Range Grasses and Traditional Forage Crops in Tarai Region of Indian Himalaya . ... 334
Preference of Range Plant Species by Sheep as Assessed by Pastoralists’ Perception and Actual Empirical Determinations in a Semi-Desert Area in Sudan ... 337
Livestock and Forage Production in Afghanistan ... 339
Growth Response of West African Dwarf Sheep Fed Guinea Grass Substituted with Mulberry ... 342
Modeling of Radioactive Cesium Dynamics on Japanese Semi-Natural Grassland ... 345
Soil-Vegetation Relationship in North African Saline Rangelands: The Case of a Salt Steppe in Tunisia ... 348
Ficus thonningii Silvopastures: An Indigenous Innovation for Livelihood Improvement, Climate Change Adaptation and Environmental Resilience in Northern Ethiopia ... 350
Level of Inclusion of Acacia karroo Leaf Meal in Setaria verticillata-Based Diets on Feed Intake, Digestibility and Live Weight Gain of Indigenous Pedi Goats ... 352
Natural Occurrence and Grazing Impact of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Associated Medicinal Plants in Free Range Lands of Tamilnadu, India ... 355
Effect of Grazing System on the Carcass Characteristics of Yunnan Long-ling Yellow Goats ... 357
Chemical Composition of Seasonal Pasture in High Mountain Zone ... 360
The Importance of the “Montado” Ecosystem on the Fat Quality of “Alentejano” Pig ... 363
Biogeochemical Processes of Flooding Pampa Rangeland Are Affected by the Use of Glyphosate ... 366
Nutrition Value of Animal Feed and Requirement for Feed Supplements in Mongolian Livestock ... 369
Livestock Grazing Increase Litter Decomposition among Plant Species across Alberta Rangelands ... 371
Methane Suppression and Larval Migration Inhibition by Bauhinia cheilantha Fed to Sheep Grazing at Four Forage Allowances ... 373
Crude Protein and Phenol Precipitated Protein from Desmanthus pernambucanus (L.) Thellung Submitted to
Different Harvesting Regimes ... 376
Anatomical Structure of Leaves Originating from the Use of Annual and Perennial Pasture and Forage Plants Grown in the Desert Steppe of Mongolia ... 378
Supplementation with Baked Rapeseed Causes Reduction of Methane Emissions from Growing Feedlot Yak (Bos grunniens) ... 381
The Diversity of Fungi Associated with Oxytropis kansuensis among Three Locations in China ... 383
Nutritive Value and Condensed Tannin Concentration of Some Tropical Legumes ... 386
Degradation Parameters and Crude Protein Fractions in Mature Tobosagrass Rangeland ... 388
Beyond ad hoc Debates: A General Equilibrium Model Incorporating the Food–Feed Competition for Agricultural Land ... 391
2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 Carbon Carbon sequestration in rangelandsCarbon Carbon sequestration in rangelandssequestration in rangelandssequestration in rangelands ... 394394394394 Trade-offs Between Management of Grazing Intensity, Soil Carbon and Biodiversity ... 394
The Implications of the Emerging Carbon Economy for the Management of the Rangelands of Western New South Wales ... 397
Taking into Account Carbon Sequestration of Pasture in Carbon Balance of Cattle Ranching Systems Established after Deforestation in Amazonia ... 400
Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Cattle Dung and Urine Patches on a Tame Pasture ... 403
Estimation and Economic Valuation of Aboveground Carbon Storage in the Semi-Steppe Rangelands of Middle Alborz Mountains ... 406
Grazing and Soil Carbon: Comparing Effects of Management Strategy across Vegetation Types ... 409
Environmental Services of Montado Ecosystem ... 411
Carbon Sequestration Potentials of Semi-arid Rangelands under Traditional Management Practices in Borana, Southern Ethiopia ... 413
Carbon Sequestration in Silvi-pastoral Systems in Arid and Semiarid Regions of India ... 418
Carbon Sequestration in Themeda triandra and Heteropogon contortus Dominated Grazing Lands of Tamil Nadu in South India ... 421
Changes in Plant Cover Induced by Grazing Affect the Soluble Fraction of Soil Organic Carbon – But Not the Total Pool Size in the Arid Rangelands of Patagonian Monte, Argentina ... 423
Impact of Grazing Management on GHG Emissions Intensity for Canadian Beef Production Systems Using Life Cycle Analysis... 425
Exclusion as Soil Organic Carbon Restoring Strategy in Halophyte Grasslands of the Flooding Pampa, Argentina ... 427
Productivity and Transfer Dynamics of Tropical Grassland of Western Ghats, Kodayar, Tamil Nadu ... 430
Ecosystem-Level Carbon Stock Assessment in Two Savannah Ecosystems of Western Ghats, India ... 432
Intra-Annual Variability of the Greenhouse Gas Balance of a Sylvo-Pastoral Ecosystem in Semi-Arid West Africa ... 434
No Difference in Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Grazed and Non-Grazed Temperate Grassland Soils ... 436
Soil Carbon Change in Different Pasture Types in SE Australia ... 439
2.3 2.3 2.3
2.3 Water Supply and qualityWater Supply and qualityWater Supply and quality ...Water Supply and quality... 445445445445 Livestock and Fire Management Influence Fundamental Supporting and Regulating Ecosystem Services of Grassland Ecosystems: The Interacting Roles of Species, Vegetation Structure and Rainfall Intensity on the
Redistribution of Water ... 445
Estimating Rangeland Runoff, Soil Erosion, and Salt Mobility and Transport Processes ... 447
Promoting Resilience by Influencing Water Infrastructure Development in Community Managed Rangelands of Northern Kenya ... 450
Strategic Supplementation to Manage Movement of Beef Cows on Hills ... 452
Integrated Lentic Riparian Grazing Management ... 455
Collaboration on the Mokelumne Watershed to Assure Water Quality and Preserve Working Landscapes .. 458
Leaching of Nitrate from Grassland Field in Ireland ... 460
Hydrologic Response to Restoration in Rangelands of Northern Mexico ... 463
Effects of Rehabilitating Degraded Rangelands on Pastures and Water Quality ... 464
Nutrient Loss in Snowmelt Runoff from Cattle Winter Bale-Grazing Sites ... 466
2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Wildlife habitat for endangered speciesWildlife habitat for endangered species ...Wildlife habitat for endangered speciesWildlife habitat for endangered species... 468468468468 Bovids, Bugs and Birds: Livestock Avermectins – A Threat to Grassland Birds? ... 468
Native and Exotic Seed Grasses Preferences by Grassland Birds ... 470
Multiple Approaches to Habitat Conservation: Finding the Right Fit Encourages Producers to Manage for Species at Risk Habitat ... 473
From Idle Back to Working: Evidence of Endangered Species Conservation Efforts Changing Rangeland Management Policy in the Western United States... 475
Multi-Stakeholder Approach to Piloting a Conservation Offset Tool in Southeastern Alberta ... 477
Effects of the Rapidly Changing Habitat of the Liben Lark ... 480
Grass Vegetation Dynamics of Vettangudi Wildlife Habitat Ponds, Southern India ... 482
Diversity, Floristic Richness and Evenness of a Natural Grassland in Uruguay ... 485
Seed Morphology and Anatomy of Haloxylon ammodendron Bge. C.A. Mey (Amaranthaceae Juss.) ... 487
The Structure of Coenopopulations of Lagochilus vvedenskyi (Lamiaceae) in Kyzylkum Desert ... 489
Ecosystem Integrity Index: A New Tool for Ecosystem Services Evaluation in Livestock Production Systems .. ... 492
Effects of Cattle on Bees in Alberta’s Rangelands ... 495
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Aesthetic and Spiritual Value of Aesthetic and Spiritual Value of WildlandsAesthetic and Spiritual Value of Aesthetic and Spiritual Value of WildlandsWildlandsWildlands ... 497497497497 Effect of the Different Plants on Community Stability for Slope Protection in Inner Mongolia, China ... 497
The People of the Grasslands The People of the Grasslands The People of the Grasslands The People of the Grasslands ... 500...500500500 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 Changes to pastoral Systems around the GlobeChanges to pastoral Systems around the GlobeChanges to pastoral Systems around the GlobeChanges to pastoral Systems around the Globe ... 501...501501501 The Shift from Pastoral to Agro-Pastoral Livelihood: Current Challenges and Future Research Priorities .... 501
New Way to Manage Grazing Livestock System in Degraded Grassland Based on System Economics ... 503
Ecological Impacts of Rangeland Management Changes in the Middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco as
Response to Implemented Policies ... 509
Cross-Level Governance of Common Property Rangelands: Three Cases from East Africa ... 511
The Effect the Highland Clearances Had on the Scottish Uplands ... 514
Ecological-Cultural Feedbacks in Mongolian Social-Ecological Systems ... 516
A Framework for Studying the Drivers of Grazing Systems Intensification in the Tropics ... 519
Perception and Awareness of Pastoralists towards Livestock Marketingand Products in Butana Area, Sudan ... ... 521
Ecological Intensification in “Livestock - Local Development” Interaction ... 523
Communal Farmer Perceptions on Linkages between Livestock, Rangeland Condition, Water and Well-Being in the Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa ... 525
Eleven Years Change in Plant Presence on Mongolian: Desert and Desert Steppe Rangelands ... 528
Eleven Years Change in Plant Species Presence in Mongolian Rangelands: Forest Steppe and Steppe Zone 530 Eleven Years Change in Ground Cover Attributes of Mongolian Rangelands ... 532
Voicing Pastoralism though Integrative Advocacy: Experiences and Lessons Learned from Ethiopia ... 534
Present State of Desert Pastures of Uzbekistan ... 536
Anthropogenic Exploitation of Grazing Lands in the Eastern Ghats of India ... 539
Influences of Institutional Designs on Social Outcomes of Community-Based Rangeland Management in Mongolia ... 541
Mediating and Moderating Factors for Positive Social Outcomes of Community-Based Rangeland Management in Mongolia ... 547
Pastures Need People to Manage Them ... 551
A Critical Assessment of Regulatory/Policy Framework for Nomadic Livestock in West Africa ... 553
Enabling Environment for Pastoralists by Bridging Practice and Policies ... 556
Features of Using Pastureland and Soil Fertility in Mongolia ... 558
Collaborative Management of Natural Resource: The Indigenous Community’s Contributions towards Sustainability of Common-Use Pasture in Mongolia ... 560
3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 Privately Owned and Leased rangeland Privately Owned and Leased rangeland SystemsPrivately Owned and Leased rangeland Privately Owned and Leased rangeland SystemsSystemsSystems ... 563...563563563 Cowboys or Grass Farmers? ... 563
Managing for Biodiversity: A Rancher’s Perspective ... 566
Social and Economic Characteristics of Public Lands Ranchers in the United States: Results of a 2015 Survey .. ... 568
Publicly Owned Rangelands in Saskatchewan ... 570
The Problem of Speaking for Ranchers: Reflexive Social Research in the Multifunctional Rangeland Context... ... 573
Introduction of Rangeland Leasing and Its Results in Mongolia ... 575
3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 Urban and SubUrban and Sub----Urban Grassland SocietiesUrban and SubUrban and Sub Urban Grassland SocietiesUrban Grassland SocietiesUrban Grassland Societies ... 577577577577 Promoting the Value of Cattle Grazing and Ecosystem Services on Open Space through Curriculum and Interpretative Trail Signage ... 577
Economic Valuation for Improving the High Andean Wetlands Ecosystem around Huaraz City, Peru ... 579
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Professional Extension and TechnologyProfessional Extension and Technology----transferProfessional Extension and TechnologyProfessional Extension and Technology transfertransfer ...transfer... 582582582582 Western Beef Development Centre 1998 to 2018: Combining Research and Extension for the Benefit of the Saskatchewan Beef Industry ... 582
The Use of a Knowledge Broker to Counteract Remoteness in Delivering Appropriate Climate Change Knowledge in the Australian Rangelands ... 585
Evolving Deployment of Extension Resources for Rangelands in Wyoming: Moving from County Generalist to Regional Specialist ... 588
Pasture and Grazing Management Extension Programing in Northwestern USA ... 590
The Impact of Applied Research and Forage Associations Extension Network on the Viability of Alberta Farmers and Ranchers... 592
The Ranching Sustainability Self-Assessment Project ... 594
Two Different Approaches to Maintaining the Genetic Purity of Forage Cultivars in Italy ... 596
Improving Producer Profitability and Rangeland Management through Professional Extension Methodology and Technology Transfer in the Australian Gulf Savannas ... 598
Teaching the Words “Waterponding” and “Waterspreading” Aus. Aid Style ... 601
What Have We Learned from Rancher Surveys in the Western US? Preliminary Results of a Systematic Review ... 603
Improving Equine Pastures through Evaluation and Education ... 605
Attendance at National Agronomy Competition Leads to Career Opportunities for Undergraduates ... 607
Monitoring Regenerative Landscapes for a Sustainable Future ... 610
Quality Graze Steer Challenge — Engaging Pastoralists in Central Australia ... 613
A Practical Guide to Evaluate Operative Efficiency of Mexican Cattle Ranches/Ejidos ... 616
3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Social Justice Issues in RangelandsSocial Justice Issues in Rangelands ...Social Justice Issues in RangelandsSocial Justice Issues in Rangelands... 618618618618 Environmental Imperialism and Greening Dispossession: Social Justice Issues in East Africa’s Rangelands 618 The Use of the Rangeland NRM Alliance to Overcome Issues Caused by Isolation through Collaboration and Support ... 625
Grazing Land and Herder’s Policy — Some Pertinent Issues in Indian Context... 628
Small-Scale Farmers’ Knowledge of Livestock-Rangeland Management Practices in the Gauteng Province, South Africa ... 631
Will Mongolia’s Herders Disappear within 10 Years? ... 633
Protecting Pastoral Granaries: An Application of the FAO Resilience Model among Households in Northern Kenya ... 635
A Grazing System Using Solar-Powered Electric Fence to Expand Rangeland Productivity ... 637
Multiple Use of Rangelands Multiple Use of Rangelands Multiple Use of Rangelands Multiple Use of Rangelands ... 639639639639 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 Energy Development and Reclamation of Industrial Energy Development and Reclamation of Industrial DisturbancesEnergy Development and Reclamation of Industrial Energy Development and Reclamation of Industrial DisturbancesDisturbancesDisturbances ... ... 640...640640640 Perennial Rangeland Grasses for Bioenergy ... 640
Dynamics of Vegetation, Biological Soil Crusts, and Seed Banks along Pipelines in Southern Alberta’s Mixed
Grass Prairie ... 647
Landowner, Operator Perspectives on Energy-Related Impacts to Natural, Agricultural, and Social Resources in the Bakken Oil Patch ... 650
The Range Supply Review: A Management Strategy for a Landscape with Multiple Users ... 653
Access Mats Reduce Mixedgrass Prairie Soil Physical Responses to Industrial Traffic ... 655
Switchgrass Quality and Biomass Suitability over Fertilizer Type and Rate and Maturity ... 658
Contrasting Access Mats and Conventional Powerline Construction Impacts on Mixedgrass Vegetation .... 660
4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 Fire Management and Restoration in RanFire Management and Restoration in RanFire Management and Restoration in RanFire Management and Restoration in Rangelandsgelandsgelandsgelands... 662662662662 Restoring Fire to Grasslands: An Overview ... 662
Fire Seasonality and Return Interval Effects in Northern Mixed Prairie ... 668
The Need for Grazing Fine Fuels after Wet Periods ... 670
Factors Affecting the Use of Intensive Prescribed Fire by Landowners in the Southern Great Plains ... 672
Targeted Grazing to Manage Wildland Fuels and Alter Fire Behaviour ... 675
Fire as a Management Ecological Tool for Restoration of Degraded Rangeland Ecosystems for Livestock Grazing in Uganda ... 677
Reclamation of Gullies in the Arid Karoo Region of South Africa ... 679
Compounds in Plant-Derived Smoke Affect Seed Germination ... 681
Application of the Sample Point Photo Monitoring Methods in Mongolia for Monitoring Short Term Grazing Management Impacts ... 684
Can Degraded Rangeland in Mongolia Be Restored through Better Management? ... 686
Waterponding the Rangelands ... 689
Wildfires Cause Long-Term Plant Community Conversion in a Western Great Plains Steppe ... 692
Burning and Growing Season Influences on a Semi-Arid Grassland ... 694
Grass Morphology and Fire ... 696
Seasonal Effects of Fire and Defoliation on Purple Threeawn (Aristida purpurea) Forage Quality ... 699
Seasonal Effects of Fire and Defoliation on Purple Threeawn (Aristida purpurea) Total Non-Structural Carbohydrates Concentration and Mortality ... 702
Effect of Drought, Clipping and Fire on Purple Threeawn (Aristida purpurea) Survival ... 704
Restoration of Steppes in Algeria: Case of the Stipa tenacissima L. Steppe ... 707
Ecosystem Restoration on Interior British Columbia’s Dry Forests Ecosystems ... 709
4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 Cropland Abandonment, Revegetation with Perennial Forages and Cropland Abandonment, Revegetation with Perennial Forages and Cropland Abandonment, Revegetation with Perennial Forages and Cropland Abandonment, Revegetation with Perennial Forages and re re re re----used as Rangelandused as Rangelandused as Rangelandused as Rangeland... 711711711711 Seedling Growth of Three Forage Shrubs under Four Radiation Environments for Revegetation Purposes .. 711
Planting Time and Grass Mixtures Affect Forage Kochia Establishment ... 714
Effect of Particle Size of Para Grass (Brachiariamutica) and Maize Grain on Intake, Digestibility and Growth Performance of Crossbred Heifers under Zero Grazing Condition in Bangladesh ... 716
Support for Survival and Sustenance to the Marginalised People from the Semi Arid Lands of Southern Districts of Tamilnadu, India ... 718
Can Legumes ‘Stem the Tide’ of Pasture Rundown? ... 720
Possible Rehabilitation Methods of Abandoned Croplands in the Cederberg Mountains, South Africa ... 723
Stratification Needs of Hierchloe odorata ... 725
The Effect of Film Coating on Sideoats Grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) ... 728
Dry Matter Production and Water Use of Winter Wheat/Forage Catch Crop Rotation Systems in the Loess Plateau, China ... 731
Forage Production and Quality of Summer Sown Forage Crop after Spring Wheat in the Loess Plateau, China . ... 733
Vegetation Patterns of Different Managements in Natural Grasslands of Pampa Biome ... 735
4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 Invasive Species Impacts and Management in RangelandsInvasive Species Impacts and Management in Rangelands ...Invasive Species Impacts and Management in RangelandsInvasive Species Impacts and Management in Rangelands... 738738738738 When Tame Species Go Wild: Plant Biodiversity Loss Associated with Bromus inermis Encroachment in Unseeded Grasslands ... 738
Spray it, Wipe it, Eat it — Demonstration of Different Noxious Weed Control Options on Saskatchewan Rangelands ... 741
Ecology and Management of Saltcedar ... 745
Indian Couch (Bothriochloa pertusa) Invasion in Queensland, Australia: Development of an R&D Project to Address Loss of Productivity in Pastures ... 747
Maasai Pastoralists’ Livelihoods Threatened: The Case of Pastoralist Field Schools in Controlling Ipomoea spp in Kajiado County, Kenya ... 749
Who Fenced the Dogs Out? Collaborative Area Management in South West Queensland ... 752
Assessment of Rangeland Rehabilitation Using Ground Based Photo Monitoring (GBPM) Tool: The Case of Didahara, in Southern Ethiopia ... 755
Grasses and Shrubs Species Composition and Abundance in Opuntia humifusa Invaded Karoo Rangeland Grazed by Sheep and Cattle Herds ... 757
Effect of Silvicultural Thinning and Prescribed Burning on Bush Invasion in South Ethiopia ... 760
Elaeagnus angustifolia Colonization and Herbaceous Succession in Mid Valley Riparian Areas ... 762
Scheduling Cattle Grazing Considering the Offer and the Nutritive Value of the Invader Elaeagnus angustifolia ... 765
Landscape Assessment of Euryops floribundus Invasion in the Communally Used Grasslands of South Africa and Impacts on Herbaceous and Soil Layer ... 768
Changes of Species Richness in Response to Seasonal Grazing Pressure ... 771
Environmental Factors Affecting Decreaser, Increaser and Invading Species: Dominance and Distribution in the Semi-Steppe Grasslands in Northern Iran ... 774
Disturbance Effects in a Temperate Grassland of the Flooding Pampas, Argentina ... 776
Environmental Management of a Military Training Area in North Eastern Australia... 778
Effect of Associated Pod Quality on Seed Recovery and Germination of Dichrostachys cinerea and Acacia tortilis Fed Ruminants ... 781
Supplementation with Digitaria eriantha Hay and Protein Licks Increases Bite Rate of Acacia karroo by Goats ... 783
Characterization of the Genetic Structure of a Poisonous Forb Oxytropis ochrocephala by SSR Markers ... 788 Vegetation, Soil, and Groundwater Interactions in Western-Juniper Dominated Landscapes ... 790 Application of Remote Sensing Techniques for Detection of Hypochaeris radicata L. ... 792 Preliminary Framework for Mapping and Monitoring Invasive Weeds in the Savanna Grasslands of Western Highlands, Cameroon ... 794
Bromus tectorum Abundance on Northern Great Plains Foothills Rangelands Is Related to Disturbance,
Vegetation Diversity, and Site Characteristics ... 796 Impacts of Mowing Treatments on Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis) Belowground Bud Bank ... 799 Predicting the Potential Distribution of Eupatorium adenophorum in Response to Climate Change in China ... ... 802 Gap Size between Perennial Herbs as an Index of Cattle Grazing Impact across Rangelands of the Great Basin Sagebrush Steppe ... 804
Behavior of Four Vegetation Parameters of Fodder Shrubs in a Silvopastoral System ... 806
4.5 4.5 4.5
4.5 Wildlife Wildlife Wildlife Wildlife Conflicts Conflicts Conflicts Conflicts and and and and Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Wildlife Wildlife Wildlife Wildlife Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Opportunities
Opportunities Opportunities
Opportunities ... 808808808808 Indigenous Nomadic Rangeland Practices and Its Impact on Rural Livelihood ... 808 Grazing Resource Partitioning on the Eastern Slopes of Alberta ... 811 Agriculture Conflicts with Rocky Mountain Elk in the Cariboo-Chilcotin ... 813 Response of Vegetation to the Increase in Guanaco Density after Sheep Removal in North-eastern Patagonian Rangelands, Argentina ... 816 Range and Forage of High Latitudes and Altitudes ... 819 Mountain Grazing on Alpine Summer Farms in Switzerland Ecosystem Services of a Pasture Landscape .. 820 Strategies to Improve Rangelands in High Altitude Regions of India for Livestock Production: Herders’ Perceptions ... 822 Effects of Three Plant Litter Water Extraction on Plant Community Characteristics in the Alpine Meadow of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ... 824 An Ecological Site Approach to Select Range Improvement Practices on Andean Rangelands ... 826 A Community-Based Approach to Identifying Grazing Pressure and Land-Use Management Structures among Herders in the Altay Mountains, Mongolia ... 829 Transhumance Implications in the Upper Noun Drainage Floodplain Wetlands in Cameroon ... 832 Investigation of Vegetations of Protected and Grazed Areas Fronting on Different Directions in Alpine Rangelands ... 834 Integrated Approach to Cheatgrass Suppression on Great Basin Rangelands ... 837 The Effect of Bio-digester Slurry on Chemical Composition of Napier Fodder at Different Growth Stages .. 839 Milking Performance of Transhumant Cattle × Yak Hybrids Grazing High Altitude Rangelands in the Eastern Himalayas ... 841 An Analysis of Seasonal Pattern Variation in the Diet of Free Range and Herded Livestock on a High Altitude Island in the Kamiesberg, Namaqualand, South Africa ... 844 Estimate of Diet Composition, Herbage Intake and Digestibility of Sheep Grazing on Typical Inner Mongolian Steppe 846
Biological Performance Evaluation of Astragalus adsurgens (var. Telmen-1) Seed in Forest-Steppe Zone of
Mongolia ... 848
Effects of Glyphosate on Forage Dry Matter Yield, Nutritional Content, and Drying Time of Oat and Barley Harvested as Yellowfeed ... 850
Cross-border Analysis of Biomass Availability and Stocking Densities on Seasonal Pastures in the Chinese-Mongolian Altay-Dzungarian Region ... 853
Affects in Rangeland Productivity, High Mountain Area ... 856
Economy and Biology of Native Fodder Plant Varieties Collected from Wild Populations ... 859
Effects of Diet Mixing on Intake of Tannin-Rich Plants by Goats in African Savannas ... 861
Conceptual Framework and Methodology for Estimating the Health of High Andean Wetlands... 864
Effects of Grazing on Plant C, N, P Stoichiometry in an Alpine Meadow on the Tibetan Plateau ... 866
Aboveground Net Primary Production in High Altitude Pastures on the Tibetan Plateau ... 868
Dynamics of Plant Community Succession on Plateau Zokor Mound in a Sub-alpine Meadow on the Tibetan Plateau 870 Indicator Species of Different Managements in Natural Grasslands of Pampa Biome ... 872
Soil Characteristics on the Hulunbeier Meadow Steppe under Different Grazing Intensities: A Case from the Steppe around a Herdsmen's Settlement... 874
Climate Change in Rangelands Climate Change in Rangelands Climate Change in Rangelands Climate Change in Rangelands ... 877877877877 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 Plant Adaptations to Climate ChangePlant Adaptations to Climate Change ...Plant Adaptations to Climate ChangePlant Adaptations to Climate Change... 878...878878878 Biomass Productivity and Browse Species Adaptation to Climate Change Based on Natural Rangeland Management at Kordofan Region, Sudan ... 878
Effect of Litter on the Vegetation of the Desert Steppe in Inner Mongolia ... 880
Climate Warming and Long-Term Trends in Saskatchewan Hay Yield ... 883
Strategies of Maintenance and Production of Megathermal Species in the Pampas Central ... 886
Diversity for C3 and C4 Plant Types in Guinea Grass Reveals Its High Potential as Climate Resilient Species ... ... 889
Potassium and Sodium Simultaneously Play a Positive Role in Responding to Drought Stress in Apocynum venetum ... 891
Abiotic Stress Responses in Stipa sibirica (L) ... 893
Leaf Epidermal Features of Some Rangeland Species of Kovilpatti ... 895
Forage Production of Some Native Species in Dry and Wet Years in the Semi-Arid Prairie Ecoregion, Saskatchewan, Canada... 897
The Effects of Climatic Fluctuations on Vegetative Cover and Production Case Study: The Rangeland of Taleghan Research Station (Iran) ... 900
Effect of Soil Moisture on Grass Yield in Typical Steppe of China ... 903
Diversity of Soil Microfauna Communities in Different Salinity Habitats of the Songnen Grasslands ... 906
Resilience of Steppe Vegetation after a Dryness Cycle in Algeria: Example of Hadj Mechri Commune in the Laghouat Wilaya ... 908
Interactions between Microorganisms and Plant Genotype Affect Soil Carbon under Drought Conditions ... 914
Heat Waves Reduce Ecosystem Carbon Sink Strength in a Eurasian Meadow Steppe ... 916
6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 Livestock and Grazing system adaptations to climate changeLivestock and Grazing system adaptations to climate changeLivestock and Grazing system adaptations to climate changeLivestock and Grazing system adaptations to climate change ... 919919919919 Climate-Clever Beef: Extension Strategies to Support Beef Business Profitability in a Changing Climate .... 919
Flexible Stocking Strategies for Adapting to Climatic Variability ... 922
Mongolian Rangeland Changes with a Changing Climate ... 925
Modelling Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Māori Livestock Farms in Aotearoa New Zealand ... 928
Rangeland Database Development for a Livestock Early Warning System in the Puna region of Peru ... 931
Does Holistic Planned Grazing Work in Rangelands? A Global Meta-Analysis ... 934
Foot and Mouth Disease Patterns in the Northeastern Rangelands of Kenya ... 937
Isotopic Signatures of Vegetation Change on Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie ... 940
They Know — Let’s Ask Them: Climate Change Variability and Household Adoption Strategies in Ghana’s Rangeland ... 942
Plant Species Composition Change in South Gobi Region of Mongolia... 944
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies by Pastoralists along an Aridity Gradient in Southern Africa ... 946
Economic Impacts of Increased Seasonal Precipitation Variation on Cow/Calf Producers ... 948
Capturing Climate Change Knowledge of Pastoralists in Semi-Arid Rangelands of South Africa ... 950
A Resilience-Based Management System for Mongolian Rangelands... 952
Strategies for Genetic Improvement of Cattle in the North Patagonian Rangelands ... 954
Drought and Animal Health Status Impacts on Cattle Rangeland Management in North Patagonia, Argentina ... ... 956
Avoided Clearing of Vegetation: A New Business in Australia’s Rangeland... 959
Simulated Results of Grazing Effects on Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in Mongolian Rangelands ... 962
Effect of Climatic Anomalies on the Productivity of a Modified Rangeland in the Flooding Pampa, Argentina .. ... 965
Regional Co-Design and Co-Production of Research and Management Actions to Support Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Managing Natural Resources in the Northern Great Plains ... 968
Use of Socio-Economic Indicators in Ecosystem Services of Natural Grassland of Pampa Biome in Southern Brazil ... 970
Ecosystem Services at Two Farms of Pampa Biome Using the “Toolkit for Ecosystem Service-Site-Based Assessment” Methodology ... 972
In vitro Methane Production of Plants Species from the Pampa Biome in Southern Brazil ... 974
Economic and Environmental Performance Assessment of Beef Cattle Production Systems on Natural Grassland in Southern Brazil ... 976
Impact of Nitrapyrin, N-(n-butyl)-Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) and Dicyandiamide (DCD) on Reducing N2O Emission from Cow Urine on a Tame Pasture ... 978
Remote Sensing Estimates of Rangeland Ecosystems Primary Production: A Case in the Central Highlands of Peru ... 981
Subsurface Recycling Irrigation of Perennial Dairy Pasture in Maritime Canada ... 986
6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 Water supply and quality impacts from climate changeWater supply and quality impacts from climate changeWater supply and quality impacts from climate changeWater supply and quality impacts from climate change ... 988988988988 Water from Rangelands: Climate and Responsive Management ... 988
Climate Compatible Development in Mongolia: Analysis of Vulnerability and Adaptation Response to Global Changes ... 990
Bringing Rangelands into the Backyard: Educating Urban Audiences about Rural Landscapes ... 993
6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 Historic & cultural response and adaptations to drought in Historic & cultural response and adaptations to drought in Historic & cultural response and adaptations to drought in Historic & cultural response and adaptations to drought in grasslands grasslands grasslands grasslands ... 995...995995995 Temperature and Precipitation Influences on Grassland Production across Natural Sub-Regions of Southern Alberta ... 995
Modeling Spatial Distribution of a Moroccan Silvo-Pastoral Tree under Climate Change (e.g. Argania spinosa L. Skeels) ... 997
Modelling the Impact of Human and Climate Change on Stipa tenacissima Distribution in the Arid and Semi-Arid Rangelands of North Africa ... 1000
Environmental Resilience of Rangeland Ecosystems: Assessing Climate-Driven Land Degradation in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Central Asia ... 1002
Theatre as a Sustainable Communication Tool in Addressing Climate Change Impact on Affected Communities ... 1005
Grazing Land Assessment and Management in a High Grazing Land Assessment and Management in a High Grazing Land Assessment and Management in a High Grazing Land Assessment and Management in a High----tech Worldtech Worldtech Worldtech World ... 1007...100710071007 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 Technology in land resource data acquisition and modelingTechnology in land resource data acquisition and modelingTechnology in land resource data acquisition and modelingTechnology in land resource data acquisition and modeling .... 1008100810081008 Grassland Mapping, Measuring, Monitoring, Modeling, and Prediction (4MP) Using Remote Sensing Methods ... 1008
Mapping Canada’s Rangeland and Forage Resources Using Earth Observation ... 1012
A Risk-Based Vulnerability Approach for Rangeland Management ... 1015
Assessing the Provision of Ecosystem Services in Alberta’s Rangeland Using a Modeling Approach... 1017
Improving the Framework of State and Transition Model for Condition Assessment of Artemisia spp. Rangelands in Uzbekistan ... 1019
The NRM Spatial Hub: Turning Big Data into Decisions in the Paddock ... 1022
Plant Species Identification via Drone Images in an Arid Shrubland ... 1025
The Use of the Double-Sampling Procedure and the Dry Weight Rank Method (DWR) for Herbage Mass and Composition Determination ... 1027
Insight into Sediment Transport Processes on Saline Rangeland Hillslopes Using Three-Dimensional Soil Microtopograhy Changes ... 1029
Parameterization of Erodibility in the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model ... 1031
Rangeland Runoff and Soil Erosion Database ... 1033
Water-Use-Efficiency of Southern African Rangelands: What Does It Reveal about Pattern and Process? . 1035 Estimating Forage Biomass in a Scrubland Using Digital Photography and Reflectance ... 1039
Animal Unit of Grazing Animal ... 1042
Is Adaptive Management Based on Plant Underground Biomass Relevant in Mongolian Grazing Systems? A Resilience-Based Modeling Exploration ... 1044
A Vegetation Map for the Land Use Planning of the Southernmost Rangelands of the World: The Steppes of Tierra Del Fuego ... 1047 Plant/Life Form Considerations in the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM) ... 1049 Evaluating the Grazing Response Index for Use in Western Canada ... 1051 Microarthropod Fauna in Grasslands of Arid Western Plain of India ... 1054 Relationship between Forage Mass and Canopy Height in Natural Grasslands: A Meta-Analytical Study .. 1057 Monitoring Technology for Semi-Arid Rangelands: The MARAS System ... 1060 The Rangeland Vegetation Simulator: A User-Driven System for Quantifying Production, Succession, Disturbance and Fuels in Non-Forest Environments ... 1063 Correlation Analysis between Vegetation Evaporation, Meteorological Factors and Community Characteristics in Stipa breviflora Desert Steppe ... 1065 Areal Changes in Gully Erosion along the Burdekin River Frontage in North-Eastern Australia ... 1067 The Dry-Weight-Rank Technique of Botanical Analysis: An Often Overlooked Technique ... 1069 Data-Driven Ranch Management: A Vision for Sustainable Ranching ... 1072 Camera Traps as a Tool to Estimate Grazing Intensity and Effects on Rangeland Health and Biodiversity . 1074 Assessing Vegetation Productivity across Rangelands of Southeastern Arizona Using Machine Learning .. 1076 Remote Sensing Biomass Estimation from Permanent Monitoring Sites Located in Chihuahua, Mexico .... 1079 Grazing Land Degradation Study in Mongolia Using Advanced GIS-Based Modelling Technique ... 1081 Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Radiation Use Efficiency in Semi-Arid Shrublands of La Rioja (Argentina) ... ... 1084 Ecological Risk Assessment of the Alpine Grassland in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau Based on Remote Sensing Technology ... 1087 Oceanic Nino Index Driven Variability in Vegetation Index Values in Arid and Semi-arid Ecosystems of Central Asia ... 1090 7.2
7.2 7.2
7.2 Technology in social and psychologiTechnology in social and psychologiTechnology in social and psychologiTechnology in social and psychological data acquisition and cal data acquisition and cal data acquisition and cal data acquisition and modeling
modeling modeling
modeling ... 1093109310931093 Cartography of Pastoral Vegetation Communities in North African Arid Saline Rangelands: The Case of Tunisia ... 1093 Exploring Dynamics of Evapotranspiration in a Semi-Arid Grassland of South Africa ... 1096 Detecting and Mapping the Last Frontiers of Savanna Grasslands of the Western High Plateau of Cameroon .... ... 1099 Rangeland Data Acquisition: Lessons Learned from Mobile Tool Development ... 1102 Estimating Vegetation Biophysical and Biochemical Properties Using Remote Sensing and Modeling in a Semi-Arid Grassland ... 1104 A Prototype Application of State and Transition Simulation Modelling in Support of Grassland Management ... ... 1106 Adaptive Grazing Management for Multiple Ecosystem Goods and Services: Does it Enhance Effective Decision-Making? ... 1109 7.3
7.3 7.3
7.3 Technology in animal movement data acquisition and modelingTechnology in animal movement data acquisition and modelingTechnology in animal movement data acquisition and modelingTechnology in animal movement data acquisition and modeling ... ... 1111...111111111111
The Drivers of Cattle-Grazing Behaviour in South-Eastern Australian Heterogeneous (Non-Uniform) Paddocks: The Effect of Pasture Biomass ... 1111 Use of a UAV-Mounted Video Camera to Assess Feeding Behavior of Raramuri Criollo Cows ... 1114 The Digital Homestead Assists Rangeland Managers to Make Timely and Informed Decisions ... 1117 The Effects of Seed Ingestion by Livestock, Dung Fertilization, Trampling, Grass Competition and Fire on Seedling Establishment of Two Woody Plant Species... 1120 Alternative Breeding Scenarios for Abergelle Goat Breed Suited to Arid Climate in Ethiopia ... 1123 A Framework for Separating Genetic and Environmental Influences on Cattle Performance on Open-Range Pasture ... 1126 Rainy Season Herding Patterns of Agro-Pastoral Livestock Smallholders in Southwestern Mali: A Preliminary GPS-Based Assessment ... 1128 7.4
7.4 7.4
7.4 Technology in education and extensionTechnology in education and extensionTechnology in education and extensionTechnology in education and extension ... 1131113111311131 Developing Web Applications to Aid Grazier Decision-Making... 1131 Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture: Technology in Education and Extension ... 1134 Manitoba Beef & Forage Initiatives Inc.: A New Public/Private Collaborative Model for Supporting Beef and Forage Research ... 1137 Extension Priorities Guide Ranch Stewardship Mapping Curriculum ... 1140 From Farmers to Farmers and from Researchers to the Public at Large: Films for Communicating Best Practices and Research Findings ... 1143 Precision Pastoral Management System: Automated ‘Big Data’ Analysis for Pastoral Properties ... 1145 Applicability of the Grazing Response Index (GRI) to the Canadian Prairies ... 1148 Evaluation of Natural Vegetation and Habitat Restoration of Newly Designated Range Land Reserves in the Eastern Desert (Sahara) of Jordan ... 1150 Influence of Methodology on the Potential Ranking of Ryegrass Types When Assessing Their Relative Value under Grazing ... 1153 New Technologies and Knowledge-Sharing for Improved Pasture Management in Central Asia ... 1156 7.5
7.5 7.5
7.5 Technology in fencing, water supply, and livestock healthTechnology in fencing, water supply, and livestock healthTechnology in fencing, water supply, and livestock healthTechnology in fencing, water supply, and livestock health ... 1159115911591159 Holistic Management in a Semiarid Patagonian Sheep Station: Slow Grassland Improvement with Animal Production Complications ... 1159 Efficacy of Garlic and Neem Seed Extract as Control over Gastrointestinal Parasites in Goats Grazing on Rangeland ... 1162 Aboveground Biomass Study Results of Eastern Mongolian Stipa grandis Community ... 1165 Driving Miss Daisy: Factors Controlling Sheep Behaviour in Australian Grasslands ... 1169 Diet Composition and Nutrient Uptake of Cattle in a Pasture-Forest Combining Grazing Area of Northeast Japan ... 1172 Effect of Native Grasses, Forbs and Trees on Nutrient Uptake of Grazing Cattle in a Temperate Region of Japan ... 1175 Livestock Health Management through Traditional Siddha (Indian Medicine) Practices in India ... 1178 Paper Submissions by Theme and Sub
Paper Submissions by Theme and Sub Paper Submissions by Theme and Sub
Paper Submissions by Theme and Sub----ThemeThemeThemeTheme ... 1180118011801180 Registered Delegates by Country
Registered Delegates by Country Registered Delegates by Country
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A Brief Tour of Canada’s Rangeland and Pasture Resources
Edward BorkDept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2P5
Author email: Edward.bork@ualberta.ca
Key words: aspen parkland, boreal forest, ecological goods and services, mixed grass prairie, montane,
northern temperate grassland
Introduction
Western Canada, including the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, contains vast areas of rangeland and pasture that provide a wide array of benefits for Canadians, including forage for livestock (Fig. 1). These four provinces contain 96% (~19 M ha) of Canada’s rangelands and 82% (~3.5 M ha) of the country’s seeded pasture used by the beef and dairy industries (McCartney and Horton 1997). Much larger areas are used by free-ranging wildlife as only about 8% of Canada is used for agricultural purposes. Across western Canada, as many as 3.7 M beef cows call this area home and comprise more than 80% of the national breeding herd. In Alberta, which is home to about 40% of Canada’s beef mother herd and close to 60% of cattle in the finishing (i.e., confined feedlot) sector, the beef industry continues to be the single largest agricultural commodity, with primary sales of nearly $4B Cdn, a value exceeding that of conventional cropping activities such as wheat and canola production. Grazing resources across Western Canada include a combination of native rangeland (i.e., areas not previously cultivated and composed largely of mosaics of endemic grassland together with various shrub and forest ecosystems), and in the prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba) substantial areas of introduced (i.e., seeded) pasture. In combination, native grassland and pasture provide diverse habitat for many wildlife species, including both consumptive (i.e., hunted) species, such as moose, elk, bison, bighorn sheep, pronghorn antelope, mule deer and white-tailed deer, as well as non-consumptive species, including several rare and endangered species.
The goal of this paper is not to provide a detailed review of the statistics associated with livestock production or range and pasture resources in Canada, as this has been done previously (e.g. Horton 1994; McCartney and Horton 1997). Similarly, a detailed review of the husbandry practices in beef cattle production – the primary livestock industry in Western Canada, has been described elsewhere (Sheppard et al. 2015). Instead, this paper provides a brief introduction to the contrasting rangeland ecosystems found in the region, including their biophysical characteristics and unique management challenges.
A Diversity of Ecosystems
Tallgrass prairie
Native Tallgrass Prairie (TGP) once covered about 0.6 M ha of southern Manitoba but is now relegated to isolated pockets (only ~0.5% remains) interspersed among widespread fertile cultivated fields managed for annual crop production (Chliboyko 2010). Historically diverse in both flora and fauna, these remnants contain a substantial contribution of warm-season (i.e. tropical) grasses and consist of relatively productive grasslands that evolved with high rainfall (>500 mm) and frequent fire (every 2-4 years). Historical fires were critical to prevent excess litter accumulation, facilitate nutrient cycling, initiate plant renewal, and control the encroachment of woody species. Similar to other regions, First Nations were an important mechanism regulating the occurrence of periodic fire, which was used for many purposes, including improving hunting opportunities, enhancing berry production, and providing a buffer zone of protection from wildfire, among others. Today, management of remaining TGP strives to conserve and maintain the biodiversity of this unique habitat type and often relies on the timely use of disturbance included prescribed fire.
