2013 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference - INAC 2013 Recife, PE, Brazil, November 24-29, 2013
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - ABEN ISBN: 978-85-99141-05-2
ANALYTICAL COLOR ANALYSIS OF IRRADIATED SUGAR CANE
SPIRIT WITH GRAPES
Juliana A. Pires1, Marcia N.C. Harder2, Liz M. B. Moraes3, Lucia C.A.Silva4, Aline S. Delabio5, Paula B. Arthur6 and Valter Arthur2
1,5 Faculdade de Tecnologia em Piracicaba
Rua Diácono Jair de Oliveira,s/n, Santa Rosa, 13414-141 Piracicaba,SP.
[email protected] [email protected]
2,3,4,6,7
Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (USP) Radiobiologia e Ambiente
Av. Centenário 303, São Dimas 13416-000 Piracicaba, SP [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] paula.arthur @hotmail.com [email protected] ABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to irradiate a Sugar Cane Spirit with grapes by gamma radiation (Co60) aiming the color alteration like an aging parameter, The Sugar Cane Spirit is a distilled beverage and in order that bouquet and flavor are enhanced, usually the Sugar Cane Spirit goes through a process of maturation in wooden barrels or in bottles with the presence of wood chips, which alters their appearance. However, is possible to get this same result with the use of gamma radiation from Co60 and there is a possibility of indicative the premature aging by the Sugar Cane Spirit color change, through the extraction of grape phenolic compounds. The Sugar Cane Spirit samples were prepared with grapes type Crimson in polypropylene bottles. The samples was irradiated at doses of 0 (control); 0.3KGy; 2kGy and 6kGy, subsequently were performed the colorimetric analyzes in periods of 5; 10; 20 and 50 days after the irradiation treatment. There was no significant statistical difference for the parameters L; a; b; Chrome and Hue-Angle, at 5; 10 and 20 days. On the 50th day only the parameter a shows significant statistical difference at the dose of 0.3kGy, that was higher than 2kGy and 6kGy doses, but not differ the between the control sample. So by the showed results was concluded that the irradiation at doses of 0.3Gy, 2kGy and 6kGy, do not change the color of the Sugar Cane Spirit.
1. INTRODUCTION
Sugar cane spirit is a beverage that containing various chemicals compounds. Its composition depends on the raw material used and how the production was conducted. Apart from the water and ethanol are present alcohols; aldehydes; ketones; esters; carboxylic acids; sulfur compounds and other substances [1].
Distillates, such as Sugar cane spirit, usually suffer aging. The most common processes happen in wooden barrels or is put wood chips inside the bottles. The beverage remains to six months up to two years, conveniently stored [2, 3]. This process leads to changes in the beverage, reducing the alcohol concentration; decreasing pH; increasing the acidity; color; ethyl acetate concentration; acetic aldehyde; acetone; phenolic compounds (mainly tannins) and thus significantly improving their properties sensory [4, 3].
The aging process and improve the sensory properties as mentioned, also changes the color of Sugar cane spirit from white to yellow [5]. This yellowing according to Cardello and Faria (2000) [6] is given by the presence of tannins that increase during aging. This compound is found widely in plants as in the woods or even in the skins of grapes [7, 4]. Thus, the tannins are extracted from the barrels and go to the distillated beverages during the maturation time being responsible for the darkening of color in distillates [4].
However currently, another aging method is being used: the radiation use. The Irradiation technology has been recognized as an alternative method of food preservation. The use of this method is also recommended for the improvement of technological properties of products intended for human consumption. The application of gamma radiation in alcoholic beverages has the purpose of improving certain quality indices, improve sensory characteristics or sterilize musts [8, 9, 3].
In 2006, irradiating Sugar cane spirit in wooden casks and gamma radiation (Co60) conducted studies that showed a change in the beverage color, especially where the radiation treatment was applied in the barrel with Sugar cane Spirit [10].
In 2011, was evaluated the effects of gamma radiation (Co60) in Sugar cane spirit with annatto extract, which were subjected to the same doses of 200 and 300Gy. At them was observed a change in color, with a yellow hue [11].
In the same year, soft and dry red wines treated with gamma irradiation (Co60) in doses of 1kGy; 3kGy and 6kGy was observed at doses of 3kGy and 6kGy a variation in color, with a change yellowing, but while predominant red [12].
Even with several studies regarding the effect of gamma radiation (Co60) in beverages and the changing the color in this beverages, there are few studies aimed at the effects of irradiation on the extraction of compounds responsible for the color of the Sugar cane spirit with raw materials that are not woods. As the coloring indicative of aging, it is important to ascertain the ability of the radiation treatment from the extraction of these compounds.
The color change, especially for a yellowish tinge, is a desirable feature in an experiment of this nature that occurred in Sugar cane spirits. By the above this work aimed to evaluate the
effects of irradiation in Sugar cane spirit, including the possibility of premature aging, indicated by change in color, through the extraction of existing compounds in grapes.
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
All Sugar cane spirit samples were provided by the Technology College of Piracicaba - FATEC, located in the state of São Paulo, in Piracicaba. To these were added Creamson grapes, chopped, acquired in local trade market. The set was previously irradiated with gamma radiation from a Co60 source at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research – IPEN/CNEN/USP, located in the city of São Paulo, with doses of 300Gy; 2kGy and 6kGy. The colorimetric analysis was performed in triplicate at the Laboratory of Radiobiology and Environmental at the Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture - USP, located in the interior of São Paulo, Piracicaba. This analysis was being repeated at 5; 10; 20 and 50 days after irradiation.
We evaluated the staining of Sugar cane spirit through digital colorimeter, which can measure the colorimetric parameters L (lightness), a (redness/green) and b (intensity yellow/blue) by the Hunter Lab system with source illuminant D65, calibrated with standard white porcelain (Y = 93.7, x = 0.3160 and y = 0.3323) according to established standards second Bible and Singha (1993) [13].
The Croma is the relationship between the values of a and b, where gets the value from the real color of the sample analyzed. Hue-Angle is the angle between a and b, indicating the color saturation of the sample [14].
The results were subjected to variance analysis using the F test at 95% confidence. Thereafter, for the causes significant variations were applied to Tukey test at 5% significance. These analysis were performed by the statistical computer program SAS (Statistical Analysis System, 1996) [15].
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Table 1 presents the statistical means of the values found for titratable acidity; pH and soluble solids at 5; 10; 20 and 50 days after the radiation treatment. It is possible to observe the absence of a statistically significant difference in all measures after 5; 10 and 20 days of radiation treatment. However on the 50th day was found a difference in the value where at the treatment of 300Gy was presented much larger, differing statistically the treatments of 2kGy and 6kGy, but there was no difference compared to the control treatment. This latter treatment presents no significant difference in any of the doses used. And samples 2kGy 6kGy and did not differ.
Table 1: Means obtained with the colorimetric analysis in 5; 10; 20; 50 days after treatment with increasing doses of gamma irradiation
* Sample with same letter in the column do not differ significantly at 5% for the Tukey test ** Means values of triplicate samples ± standard deviation
Cor Amostra
Tempo após o tratamento com irradiação (dia)
5 10 20 50 L Controle 23,82a*±1,87** 25,83a*±1,14** 26,75a*±0,29 22,40a*±0,57** 300Gy 25,45a*±2,97** 25,91a*±2,96** 26,52a*±0,25 21,57a*±2,3** 2kGy 26,88a*±0,97** 27,09a*±1,77** 26,85a*±1,27 21,50a*±2,24** 6kGy 27,41a*±1,60** 28,01a*±1,50** 26,53a*±0,15 22,18a*±2,50** a Controle 0,51a*±0,24** 0,55a*±0,24** 0,27a*±0,06 0,28ab*±0,07** 300Gy 0,58a*±0,32** 0,56a*±0,23** 0,37a*±0,09 0,46a*±0,11** 2kGy 0,30a*±0,03** 0,28a*±0,09** 0,26a*±0,35 0,13b*±0,09** 6kGy 0,25a*±0,07** 0,20a*±0,09** 0,13a*±0,05 0,17b*±0,08** b Controle 0,81a*±0,17** 0,52a*±0,61** 0,58a*±0,34 1,73a*±0,54** 300Gy 0,92a*±0,69** 0,92a*±0,95** 0,67a*±0,59 1,45a*±0,16** 2kGy 0,81a*±0,13** 1,89a*±0,21** 0,31a*±0,18 1,64a*±0,27** 6kGy 0,72a*±0,20** 1,24a*±0,41** 0,47a*±0,03 1,48a*±0,22** Croma Controle 1,07a*±0,26** 1,07a*±0,35** 0,50a*±0,39 1,75a*±0,54** 300Gy 1,13a*±0,70** 1,13a*±0,87** 0,56a*±0,26 1,53a*±0,13** 2kGy 1,03a*±0,11** 1,03a*±0,22** 0,42*±0,23 1,64a*±0,26** 6kGy 1,22a*±0,15** 1,22a*±0,39** 0,45a*±0,02 1,49a*±0,21** Hue Angle Controle 0,97a*±0,15** 0,92a*±0,05 1,00a*±0,12 1,40a*±0,04** 300Gy 1,11a*±0,38** 0,72a*±0,64** 0,94a*±1,04 1,25a*±0,09** 2kGy 0,83a*±0,08** 1,29a*±0,04** 0,14a*±1,14 1,48a*±0,07** 6kGy 0,86a*±0,20** 1,37a*±0,15** 1,28a*±0,12 1,45a*±0,06**
The results obtained differ with that described in the literature. Works like of Miranda (2005) [4], show that there is a change in the color of Sugar cane spirit irradiated in barrels, going from colorless to yellow. The same was observed by Souza (2000) [3] with Sugar cane spirits irradiated in glass bottles in presence of wood chips. And was also observed the same change of color in mango spirit naturally aged with French oak chips and umburana [2].
In dry and soft red wines irradiated storage in plastic materials, also observed the increase of a yellow hue, although the red color has dominated [12].
3. CONCLUSIONS
From the results presented was showed that the radiation in the doses utilized for the purpose of this study was not efficient for extraction of the compounds of grape.
Thus new studies will be necessary to test different doses of gamma radiation for this aim.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to acknowledgment the Technology College of Piracicaba – FATEC Piracicaba; the Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture – CENA/USP; and the Institute of Nuclear and Energetic Research – INPEN/CNEN/USP. And CNPq for the scholarship.
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