A new species and new records of minuta-group Gnamptogenys from Brazil (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

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REVISTA

BRASILEIRA

DE

Entomologia

AJournalonInsectDiversityandEvolution

w w w . r b e n t o m o l o g i a . c o m

Systematics,

Morphology

and

Biogeography

A

new

species

and

new

records

of

minuta-group

Gnamptogenys

from

Brazil

(Hymenoptera:

Formicidae)

Amanda

M. Dias,

John

E. Lattke

∗

UniversidadeFederaldoParaná,DepartamentodeZoologia,Curitiba,PR,Brazil

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Articlehistory:

Received13September2018 Accepted16October2018 Availableonline2November2018 AssociateEditor:JeffreySosa-Calvo Keywords: Distribution Ants Atlanticforest Taxonomy

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WereportnewrecordsofGnamptogenyscaelataKempf(1967)andGnamptogenysminuta(Emery,1896) fromBrazil.WealsodescribeGnamptogenyspiein.sp.fromSoutheastBrazil.Thisdistinctivenewspecies isknownonlyfromasingleworkerfoundinleaflitterfrommontaneforestsoftheMantiqueiramountains inItatiaiaNationalPark,RiodeJaneiroState,Brazil.Thespecimenwascollectedat1991mabovesealevel, aninfrequentaltitudeforminuta-groupants,usuallymorecommonatloweraltitudes.Thenewspecies isimaged,comparedwithotherminuta-groupspecies,andanupdatedidentiﬁcationkeyforallknown speciesoftheminuta-groupisincluded.

Introduction

The genus Gnamptogenys Roger is the most diverse of the Ectatomminaesubfamily, withmore than 130species foundin tropicalandsubtropicalareasofSoutheastAsia,Australasia,and theAmericas(Lattke,2004).Thisgroupisgenerallyrecognizablein theAmericasbytheusuallycostulateorstriateintegument, meta-coxawithadorsaltoothorspine,lackofaprotibialapicalseta, andthefusedpromesonotum.In thelast twenty-ﬁveyears,the NewandOldWorldfaunawererevisedbyLattke (1995,2004). Synopses,keysandlists ofspecies havebeenpublishedby Wu andWang(1995)andXuandZhang(1996)forChinesespecies,

Shattuck(1999)fortheAustralianfauna,Zhou(2001)forthe Chi-neseGuangxi Province,Lattke etal. (2007) forthe New World species, Lattke et al. (2008) for Colombian species, Lattke and Delsinne(2016)forminuta-groupspecies,andChenetal.(2017)

forChinesespecies.

Theminuta-groupcompriseseightspeciesfoundfromCentral AmericatosouthernBrazil.SomearewidespreadsuchasG.minuta (Emery,1896)orG.caelataKempf(1967),butmostareknownfrom eitherscantspecimensorrelativelyrestrictedgeographic distribu-tions,suchasG.falciferaKempf(1967)orG.petiscapaLattke(1990). Little is known about their biology but, in contrast withmost Gnamptogenysthat frequentlynestin decomposingwood,these speciesprobablynestinthesoil.TherearerecordsofGnamptogenys

∗ Correspondingauthor.

E-mail:lattke@ufpr.br(J.E.Lattke).

nestsindecomposingwood,buttheonlyminuta-groupnestrecord isthatofaG.minutanestfoundinthesoilunderastone(Lattkeand Delsinne,2016).Theminuta-groupiseasilydistinguishedby hav-ingthefrontallobescompletelycoveringtheantennalinsertions andthepetiolarspiracleventrallyorientedandrecessedinapit (Lattke,1992).OtherGnamptogenyshavenarrowfrontallobesthat inadorsalcephalicviewleavetheantennalbasalcondylepartially exposedandthepetiolarspiracleopeningisobliquelydirectedand atthesamelevelasthesurroundingcuticularsurface(Lattke,1992). Theeverincreasingamountofantdiversitystudiesandwidespread adoptionofleaflittersamplinghassubstantiallyenrichedmuseum holdingsoftheseants.Inthisworkweexpandknowledgeabout distributionoftwospecies:G.caelataandG.minuta,anddescribe G.piein.sp.,averydistinctnewspeciesofGnamptogenysbelonging totheG.minuta-group.

Materialsandmethods

Thespecimensunderstudywereobtainedduringmaintenance workintheantcollectionofDZUP-Colec¸ãoEntomológicaPadre JesusSantiagoMoure,UniversidadeFederaldoParaná,Curitiba,PR, Brazil.

Thenewspeciesisdescribedfromasingleworkercollected dur-ingthe“ProjetoAltitudinalMataAtlântica”inItatiaiaNationalPark inMantiqueiraMountains,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil.Duringthisproject antswerecollectedwith“mini-Winkler”extractors(Fisher,1998) alonganaltitudinalgradientwitheightsamplingstationsstarting at600mandendingat2457mabovesealevel.Ineachstationa 200mtransectwasestablishedwith10samplingpointsseparated

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2018.10.002

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20mfromeachother,and1m2_of_leaf_litter_was_sampled_from_each

point(Lasmar,2016).Despitethissamplingeffort(80samples),just asinglespecimenofG.piein.sp.wasfound.Wecompareditwith specimensofG.striolata(Borgmeier,1957)andG.caelata,which mostresemblethenewspecies,fromDZUPandwithdigitalimages fromAntweb.

Indistributionlistwe considerrecordsofmunicipalitiesand parks from Brazil. The newrecords correspondto the individ-ualBrazilianstates.Thereferencesofdistributionwereobtained fromliterature.Inexaminedmaterialwerefertothenumberof specimensinparentheses(1w=oneworker).Forallspecimenswe providedcoordinates(indecimaldegrees)andaltitude(inmeters). Whenthesedatawerenotavailableonthelabels,weusedGoogle Earth(2018)toestimatethem.Thecoordinatesandaltitudesthat werenotdirectlyobtainedfromthelabelswerewrittenin paren-theses.

MeasurementsoftheantweretakenusingaLeicaKL300LED stereomicroscopewithanocularmicrometer(80×).Theselection ofmeasuresandindicesarebasedonLattkeandDelsinne(2016). Allmeasurementsareinmillimeters.

HL:Head length: midline lengthof head proper, measuredin full-face(dorsal) view,fromtheanteriorclypealmargintothe midpointofalinedrawnacrossthevertexalmargin.

HW:Headwidth:maximumwidthofheadmeasuredinfull-face view,excludingtheeyes.

ED:Eyediameter:measuredalongitslongaxisinlateralview. PL:Petiolelength:themaximumlengthofthepetiolemeasured inlateralview.

SL:Scapelength:lengthoftheﬁrstantennalsegment,excluding theneckandbasalcondyle.

WL:Weber’slengthofthemesosoma:diagonallengthmeasuredin lateralview,fromtheanteriormarginofthepronotum(excluding collar)totheposteriorextremityofthemetapleurallobe. CI:Cephalicindex:HW/HL×100.

OI:Ocularindex:ED/HW×100. SI:Scapeindex:SL/HW×100.

DigitalimageswereobtainedwithaLeicaDFC500camera cou-pledtoaLeicaMZ16stereomicroscopeandLeicaIM50software (ImageManager).Imageswerecombinedwiththefocusstacking softwareLeicaAuto-MontagePro.Additionaleditswereperformed usingGIMP2.10.2.

Results

GnamptogenyscaelataKempf(1967)

DistributioninBrazil.MARANHÃO:Ac¸ailândia(newrecord);

MINASGERAIS:NovaLima(newrecord);PARÁ:Belém(Kempfand Brown,1968);PARANÁ:Iguaçu(Kempf,1967);RONDÔNIA:Porto Velho(newrecord).DespiteitswidespreaddistributioninSouth America,therecordsarefewandsparse,andthesenewrecords begintofillinthesignificantgaps.Mostrecordssuggesta prefer-enceforlowlandsites,althoughoneisfrom1400m.

Examined material. BRAZIL: Maranhão: Ac¸ailândia, Horto

FazendaPompéia,_−4.8750,_−47.2944(364m),12–22.II.2006,Silva R.R.&Feitosa,R.M.col.,Winkler16(1w)[DZUP].MinasGerais:Nova Lima–ValeS/A,Mina Tamanduá,−20.0881, −43.9408,1400m, 12.II.2012,Queirozetal.col.(2w)[DZUP].Rondônia:PortoVelho, ÁreaMutum,−9.5989,−65.0497(102m),17–27.VII.2013,Mazão G.R.&ProbstR.S.col.,M6P1(1w)[DZUP];PortoVelho,ÁreaMutum, −9.6286,−65.0575(99m),17–27.VII.2013,MazãoG.R.&ProbstR.S. col.,M8P1(1w)[DZUP].

Gnamptogenysminuta(Emery,1896)

DistributioninBrazil.ACRE:SenadorGuiomard(newrecord).

AMAZONAS:Manaus(Frankenetal.,2013;Gomes etal.,2018); BenjaminConstant(Lattke,1992);Manaquiri(Souzaetal.,2016). BAHIA: Ilhéus (Delabie and Fowler, 1995). GOIÁS: Jataí (new

record). MARANHÃO: Estreito (new record). MINAS GERAIS:

Vic¸osa(SobrinhoandSchoereder,2007);ParqueEstadualdoRio Doce(Castroetal.,2011).PARÁ:Iriboca(KempfandBrown,1968); AlterdoChão,Santarém(Vasconcelosetal.,2006).RIODEJANEIRO: CicutaForest,VoltaRedonda(Montineetal.,2014);IlhaGrande. SANTACATARINA:NovaTeutônia(Borgmeier,1957).SÃOPAULO: Biritiba-Mirim(Suguituruetal.,2013).Theserecordsﬁllinsome gapsforthefewBrazilianstateswherethisspecieshasnotbeen recorded.

Examinedmaterial.Brazil:Acre:SenadorGuiomard,Fazenda

Experimental Catuaba, −10.0778, −67.6264, 214m, 7.XI.2016, grupo2FormigasdoBrasilcol.(1w)[DZUP].Goiás:Jataí,S.Granjeiro (−17.8811,−51.7390)(761m),12.II.2008,J.Dinizcol.(1w)[DZUP]. Maranhão:Estreito,FazendaItaueiras,−6.5318,−47.3711(155m), 12–22.VI.2006, Silva, R.R. &Feitosa, R.M. col., Winkler 09 (1w) [DZUP]. Rio de Janeiro: Ilha Grande, Trilha Jararaca, _−23.1811, −44.3517(154m),1.XII.2009,J.M.Queirozcol.(1w)[DZUP]. Gnamptogenyspiein.sp.

(Fig.1)

Diagnosis.Mesosomaldorsummostlylongitudinallycostulate;

anteriormarginofclypeuswithweakmedianlobe,clypeallamella absent;metanotalgrooveabsent;propodeumarmedwithsmall, distincttooth; foretarsalbasewithsetaoppositeprotibialspur; dorsumofpetiolewithconcentricrugulae;meso-andmetatibiae withoneapicalspureach.

Description.Holotypemeasurements:HL 0.93;HW 0.84;SL

0.75; ED 0.13; WL 1.05; PL 0.43; CI 91; OI 16; SI 89. Head subquadrateinfull-faceview;posterior cephalicmarginmostly straight with slight median concavity, lateral margin broadly convex.Eyeconvex,placed justanteradofcephalic mid-length; ommatidia relatively large, 7ommatidia present along greatest diameter. Malar area with arched longitudinal carina extend-ing fromanterior clypealmargintomid-distancebetween eye. Clypealdisk,frontallobe,cephalicdorsum,andvertexwithslightly sinuous longitudinalcostulae; headpunctate-rugulose laterally. Frontallobeinfull-faceviewexpandedanterad,completely cover-ingantennalinsertion.Mandibletriangularandelongate,dorsum longitudinallyrugulose-punctateandshining,basalangleshaped asbroad,blunttriangle;masticatorymarginbroadlyconcavewith two preapical bluntteeth, largestsituated closeto mandibular mid-lengthand shortestclosertobasalangle,some inconspicu-ousdenticlesfoundjustapicadoflargetooth.Anteriormarginof clypeusbroadlyconvex,withweakmedianlobe,lamellaabsent; clypealdisksurfacerelativelyflat.Surfacelevelofbothclypealdisk andmostoffrons interruptedbybrief,depressedareabetween frontallobes.Posteriorclypealmarginatmid-lengthoffrontallobes shapedasobtuse angleposteriorlyborderedbynarrowparallel stripthatslopesventrally,defininganteriormarginofdepressed area. This areagradually slopesdorsad until reaching predom-inant dorsal frons surface level just posterior to frontal lobes. Antennalscapesurpassesposteriorcephalicmarginbylessthan one-fifthitslength,shining,denselypunctulateanddensely cov-eredbysuberectwhitishhairs.Cephalicventrumwithlongitudinal toobliquerugulosecostulaethatdivergeposteriorly.Palpsnot vis-ible.

Mesosomal dorsal margin in proﬁle forming single broad convexity; promesonotal suture and metanotal sulcus not impressed, mesosomal dorsum longitudinally costulate

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medi-A

B

C

1 mm

Fig.1. Gnamptogenyspiein.sp.Holotype.(A)Dorsalviewofhead;(B)lateralviewofbody;(C)dorsalviewofbody.

ally and rugulose-costulate laterally. Anterior pronotal surface with6transverserugulosecostulae;lateralpronotumwithlow but distinct rugulose costae, progressively becoming smooth posterad;anepisternumsmoothandkatepisternumsmoothwith somelongitudinalstriae;mesometapleuralsuturewell-impressed; metapleuronmostlysmooth andshining,withtransversestriae closetobulla. Metapleuralglandopeningforms transverseslit. Propodealspiracle round, elevated onbroadlyconical tumulus, surroundedby lightbrownring; distancebetweenspiracle and posterior margin of propodeum is approximately 3 spiracular openings.Propodealdenticlelowbutdistinct.Propodealdeclivity shiningwithlateralanddorsalrugositiesandmedianovalsmooth area.Coxae withtransversestriae,protarsal baseoppositespur withprominentsetaandrowofsmallersetae;femoraandtibiae punctulate;meso-andmetatibiaewithoneapicalspureachand noapicalsetae.Metacoxaldorsumwithlow,posterobasaldenticle. Clawswithpreapicaltooth.

Petiolarnode rugulose-costulatetorugulose-punctate; ante-rioranddorsal marginsinlateralviewconvexand continuous; posteriormarginverticallystraight;nodewithconcentric rugu-lositiesindorsalview,subpetiolarprocesssubquadrate,anteriorly rounded,posteriorlyshapedasshort,blunttooth.Petiolar spira-clewithinrounddepression.Ventralmarginofabdominalsternite IIIinlateralviewmostlybroadlyconvexwithslightconcavityat prora;lengthofanteriormarginoftergiteIIIinlateralview approx-imately one-thirdthat of dorsalmargin, dorsal margin straight toweaklyconvex.AbdominalsegmentIVarchesposteroventrally withlongandconvexdorsalmargininlateralviewandextremely short ventral margin, apex of segment faces ventrally; rest of abdominalsegmentsmostlyrecessed.AbdominaltergiteIII later-allywithscatteredshallowpiligerouspunctae,dorsomediallywith longitudinal costulae, progressively rugulose to punctate later-ally.AbdominaltergiteIVmostlylongitudinallycostulate,sternite roughlyrugulose-punctate.Bodymostlyferruginous,legsorange, antennaandmandible ferruginousbrown; bodywithabundant white,decumbenthairs.

Typematerial.Holotype.Brazil:RiodeJaneiro:ParqueNacional

Itatiaia,−22.4116,−44.6386,1991m,20.I.2015,Lasmaretal.col. Onepoint-mountedworker depositedin DZUPwiththeunique

identiﬁerDZUP 548816.Collected aspart ofProjeto Altitudinal MataAtlântica–Transecto6A,Winklerextractor,Ponto1.

Etymology.ThisspeciesisnamedinhonorofDr.MarcioPie,

professoroftheUniversidadeFederaldoParaná,PR,Brazil,forhis contributionsinscience,especiallyinmyrmecology.

Discussion

Gnamptogenyspiein.sp.canbeeasilyidentifiedasamemberof theminuta-groupbecauseitpresentsthepetiolarspiraclewithina ventralcavity,theantennalinsertionscompletelycoveredbythe frontallobes,acurvedlongitudinalcarinainthemalararea,anda rowofsetaeontheprotarsalbaseoppositethespur.However,the newspeciesdiffersfromotherminuta-groupmembersbyhaving aprominentsetaontheprotarsalbaseoppositethespur(Lattke, 1992).Anotherminuta-groupcharacter,thedorsomediancephalic carina,isindistinctinthisspeciesonaccountofthecostulatefrons. Gnamptogenyssimulans(Emery,1896),G.fieldiLattke(1990),and G.falciferadifferfromG.piein.sp.bynothavingtheirbody cov-eredwithlongitudinalcostulae.Inaddition,G.fieldiandG.falcifera havefalcatemandibles.Gnamptogenyspiein.sp.alsomaybe eas-ilyseparatedfromG.petiscapaandG.vriesiBrandãoand Lattke (1990),whichhavethemesosomaldorsumseparatedintodistinct convexitiesbyawell-developedmetanotalgroove.Gnamptogenys simulans,G.fieldi,G.falcifera,andG.petiscapahavenorecordsfor Brazil,whileG.vriesihastheclosestrecordinMatoGrosso,Brazil, almost2000kmawayfromtheItataiaMountains(Vicenteetal., 2015).Gnamptogenyspiein.sp.possiblyoccursinsympatrywithG. minuta,knownfromtheAtlanticForest(SilvaandBrandão,2014), butthelatterhasacompletelypruinoseintegumentanditisthus noteasilyconfusedwithG.piein.sp.Gnamptogenyspiein.sp.may beconfusedwithG.caelataandG.striolataonaccountofthe lon-gitudinalsculpturing,butG.caelatadiffersbecauseofitssmaller size(totalbodylengthlessthan3mm)andabsenceofmeso-and metatibialspurs.Gnamptogenysstriolatahastheanteriormargin oftheclypeuswithalamellaandaconspicuousmediantooth,the mandiblewithatleasteightdistinctteethandthedorsumofthe petioleandabdominaltergiteIIIismostlyfoveolate.The morpho-logicalsimilaritiesofGnamptogenyspiein.sp.withG.caelataand

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G.striolatamostlyagreewiththecharactersusedbyLattke(1992: 125)toconsiderG.caelataandG.striolataasformingasmall sub-groupwithintheminuta-group.

Naturalhistory

ThespecimenofGnamptogenyspiein.sp.wascollectedinan areaofAtlanticForestinItatiaiaNationalPark,locatedinthe Man-tiqueiramountains,Rio deJaneiro,Brazil.Thecollectionareais withintheAlto-Montanaforestformation,withtreessmallerthan thoseofloweraltitudesandthesoilishumidwithlargevolumes of accumulatedorganic matter (Koehler et al., 2002).This for-mationgenerallyhasasaloweraltitudinallimit1500mandthe collectionsiteisclosetothetransitionwithopenmeadow-type vegetation.Thisformation,accordingtotheKoeppen classiﬁca-tionscheme,hasaSubtropicalhighland(cwb)climate,inwhich thetemperaturesofthecoldestmonthvariesbetween−3◦_C_and

18◦Candtheaveragetemperatureofthehottestmonthdoesnot exceed22◦C(Alvaresetal.,2014).Theantwastakenfromaleaf littersampleprocessedwithaWinklerextractor.TheType-locality altitudeisattheupperlimitforminuta-groupspecies.Specimen recordsinAntweb,includingabundantCentralAmericanrecords fromtheLLAMASproject,forspeciessuchasGnamptogenys sim-ulans(Antweb,2018a)andG.minuta(Antweb,2018b)showthat theymayoccasionallybecollectedatthisaltitude,orclosetoit, buttheyaregenerallymorecommonatloweraltitudes.Itremains tobeseenifthisantisaspecialistrestrictedtoupperaltitude,cooler forestsorifitalsoinhabitsloweraltitudeforests.Hopefully addi-tionalspecimensofthisapparentlyrarespeciesmayberetrieved inthefuture.

Identiﬁcationkeyforworkersandgynesofthe

Gnamptogenysminuta-group

ThenewspeciesG.pieiisincludedintheidentiﬁcationkey mod-iﬁedfromLattkeandDelsine(2016):

1.Propodeumwithapairofdenticles...7 -Propodeumcontinuous,denticlesabsent ... 2 2.Integumentmostlyopaque,sculpturingpredominantly gran-ulosewithvariabledegreesofareolae/foveolae...3 -Integumentmostlyshinyorsilky,sculpturingcanbeﬁnely striolateorsmoothwithvariabledegreesofareolae/foveolae...5 3.Mandiblefalcate,masticatorymarginedentateandconcave (north-centralVenezuela)...G.ﬁeldi -Mandibletriangular,masticatorymarginfairlystraight and denticulateorcrenulate...4 4. Metanotal groove well-impressed; spiracles of abdomi-nal segments I and II shining and conspicuous (northwestern Venezuela) ...G.petiscapa - Metanotal groove absent; spiracles of abdominal seg-mentsIandIIopaque andnot conspicuous(southernMexico -Brazil)... G.minuta 5.Mandiblefalcate(northernSouthAmerica)... G.falcifera -Mandibletriangular...6 6.Eyenotprominent,broadlyconvex;anteriorclypealmargin broadlyconvex;occipitalloberounded(southernMexico-Costa Rica)... G.simulans

-Eyeprominent,semispherical;anteriorclypealmargin medi-allyconcave;occipitallobesubangular(easternEcuador-central Brazil)...G.vriesi

7. Meso- and metatibialspurs absent (Colombia - southern Brazil)... G.caelata

-Meso-andmetatibialspurspresent ...8

8.Clypeallamellapresent;clypeuswithamediantooth, post-petiolartergitemostlywitharchedpunctate-rugulae (southwest-ernBrazil)... G.striolata

-Clypeallamellaabsent;clypeuswithamedianlobe; postpeti-olartergitewithroughlongitudinalcostulaemedianly(southeast Brazil)...G.piein.sp.

Conﬂictsofinterest

Theauthorsdeclarenoconﬂictsofinterest.

Acknowledgements

WewouldliketothankChaimJoséLasmar,whocollectedthe newspeciesandprovidedinformationaboutthecollection local-ity,andPauloEmilioFerreiraAlvarengafortakingimagesusing theequipmentofProjetoTaxonline,RedeParanaensedeColec¸ões BiológicasoftheUniversidadeFederaldoParaná.Wealsothankthe BrazilianCouncilofResearchandScientiﬁcDevelopment(CNPq) forsupport.

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