A new specie of
Stenotabanus (Stenochlorops)
(Diptera: Tabanidae) from Amazonas, Brazil, and a key to the subgenus
J. A. Rafael (') G B. Fairchild (2
) I. S. Goarayeb(3
)
A b s t r a c t
D e s c r i p t i o n a n d f i g u r e s a r e g i v e n t o r S t e n o t a b a n u s ( S t e n o c h l o r o p s ) b e q u a e r t i n. s p . f r o m A m a z o n a s , B r a z i l . F i g u r e s a r e i n c l u d e d f o r p a r a d o x u s ( L u t z ) a n d v i t r i p e n n i s ( L u t z ) , a n d a k e y t o t h e s u b g e n u s is p r o v i d e d .
INTRODUCTION
Fairchild (1969) erected the subgenus
Stenotabanus (Stenochlorops) t o encompass species w i t h subcallus and face largely bare and shiny, eye w i t h slender green lines f o r m i n g t w o narrow transverse loops, and s c u t e l l u m contrastingly pale h a i r e d . In t h i s subgenus are
included: Diachlorus paradoxus Lutz, 1913; D.
vitripenis Lutz, 1913, type specie of subgenus; and one undescribed species treated as
paradoxus Lutz by Bequaert (1926:224) . This last species is here described and a key t o the subgenus is f u r n i s h e d .
KEY TO STENOTABANUS (STENOCHLOROPS) FEMALES
1. Frons clearly divergent at base ( f i g s . 3a, 5 a ) ; frontal index, 1.4-1.5; costal cells y e l l o w i s h ; subcallus
casta-neous 2
1'. Frons convergent at base ( f i g . 1a); f'-ontal index b e t w e e n 2 . 6 - 2 . 8 ; costal cells hyaline ( f i g . 1 d ) ; subcallus black. (Brazil : Amazonas)
S. bequaerti n. sp.
2. Length of scape approximately half the basal w i d t h of f r o n s ; palpi much
inflated basally, clearly shorter than height of f r o n s ( f i g s . 5a, b) (Brazil: Mato Grosso) S. paradoxus (Lutz)
2'. Scape shorter, about 1/3 basal w i d t h of f r o n s ; palpi slender, as long as height of f r o n s ; ( f i g s . 3a, b) (Brazil:
Geara) S. vitripennis (Lutz)
S t e n o t a b a n u s ( S t e n o c h l o r o p s ) b e q u a e r t i n. sp. ( F i g s . 1 a e , 2 a e )
D i a c h l o r u s p a r a d o x u s , B e q u a e r t , 1 9 2 6 : 2 2 4 ( m i s i d . ) .
A s m a l l , shiny blackish species w i t h hya-line w i n g s , bicolored legs and y e l l o w pilose s c u t e l l u m .
FEMALE: body length, 6.2 m m ; wing length 5 . 4 m m . Eyes bare, pattern (in life) dark w i t h t w o narrow green transverse loops, these margined w i t h red ( f i g . 1e) . Frons
( f i g . 1a) about 2 . 7 t i m e s as high as basal w i d t h , slightly w i d e r at vertex than at base; tubercle on v e r t e x w i t h vestiges of 3 o c e l l i ; basal callus black, shiny, protuberant, as w i d e as f.-ons, w i t h a shiny median upper ridge
(median callus) connected to ocellar tubercle Middle of f r o n s w i t h median area blackish in certain lights, o t h e r w i s e sparsely w h i t i s h pollinose. Subcallus black, shiny. Frontoclypeus and gena black, shiny, w i t h sparse beard b l a c k i s h . Tentorial pits w h i t i s h p o l l i n o s e . A n -tenna ( f i g . 1b) thinly p o l l i n o s e ; the scape and pedicel b r o w n , black haired; f l a g e l l u m b r o w n , basally m o r e or less orange y e l l o w , the style
( 1 ) — I n s t i t u t o N a c i o n a l d e P e s q u i s a s cia Amazônia, M a n a u s . ( 2 ) — U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e , U S A .
( 3 ) — M u s e u P a r a e n s e Emílio G o e l d i , Belém.
I 1 m m i
F i g . 1 — S t e n o t a b a n u s b e q u a e r t i n . s p . a ) f r o n s ; b ) a n t e n n a ; c ) p a l p ( h o l o t y p e 9 ) ; d ) w i n g ; e ) e y e p a t t e r n ( p a r a t y p e Ç ) .
much darker. Palpi ( f i g . 1c) black, shiny, clothed w i t h iong black hairs basally anr! shorter black hairs apically. Proboscis slightly
longer than palpi, labella soft, blackish, thinly pollinose.
Mesonotum black, shiny, w i t h scattered irridescent, greenish scalelike hairs when fresh; scutellum dark at base w i t h caudal 2 / 3 bearing dense, pale y e l l o w , scalelike hairs; mesopleura black, shiny; mesoanepisternum w i t h higher concentration of irridescent scales
on postero-dorsal m a r g i n ; coxae, trochanter and femora blackish, black haired; protibia w i t h basal 2/3 w h i t e , blackish d i s t a l l y ; meso-and metatibia all whicish exr
,ept for a pale brown ring on distal portion; protarsi black; meso- and metatarsi w i t h basitarsi w h i t i s h , darker t o w a r d apex; haltere chestnut b r o w n ; w i n g w i t h basicosta bare, pruinose, venation normal, w h o l l y hyaline, except the stigma pale brown, nervures y e l l o w i s h , no appendix at fork of t h i r d vein ( f i g . 1 d ) .
Abdomen completely black and shiny, sparsely short black-haired, except for longer, sparse w h i t e hairs laterally end ventrally on last f e w s e g m e n t s . Genitalia: tergites VIII, IX, X and cerci as, in f i g . 2a. Hypoproct ( f i g . 2b) with fine subapical hairs, a basal median strip less sclerotized and lateral margins w i t h o u t scleiotization. Eighth sternite and gonapophy-ses ( f i g . 2c) w i t h rounded base and bilobed
apex. Genital fork ( f i g . 2d) w i t h w i d e basp.l incision; spinous bristles of rjenital comb very d i s t i n c t and s t r o n g . Basal portion of sperma-thecal ducts w e l l s c l e r o t i z e d . Spermatheca
( f i g . 2e) slightly enlarged and more sclerotized apically.
MALE ; not k n o w n .
DISTRIBUTION ; Brazil, Amazonas.
MATERIAL EXAMINED ; Holotype 9 , labelled Brasil. Amazonas, BR 174. km 170. 0 4 . I X . 1979. J . D . Charlwood c o l l . Deposited in the Systematic Entomology Collection of I . N . P . A . , Manaus.
Paratypes: all f r o m the state of Amazonas. Brazil. 40 9 9 , same data as above; 2 9 9 . Manaus, Rio Negro. 1 1 . I X . 1978. J . A . Rafael c o l l . ; 2 9 9 . Manaus. Reserva Ducke. 15.IX.1978, J . A . Rafael c o l l . : 2 9 ? , Manaus, Campus Univ., 17.VIII.1978.
malaise t r a p , J . A . Rafael c o l l . ; 1 9 . Ma-naus, Campus Univ.. 11 . V I I I . 1979. J . A . Rafael c o l l . ; 1 9 . Estrada BR 17 (probably 174). km 38, Manaus. E. V . Silva c o l l . . n<? 2913; 139 9 , Rio Nambu (Inhambu), tributary of Rio Negro, 0 1 . I X . 1969, F. A l -meida e A . Faustino c o l l . , n<? 2925; 1 9 . Lago Urini. 2 9 . V I I I . 1979, Robin Best c o l l . ; 1 9 . Manaus, Reserva B i o l o g . Campina. 15.IX. 1975, L. P. Albuquerque c o l l . ; 109 9 .
152 9 , Manaus, Rio Cuieiras, 17.X.1978, J . Dellome c o l l . ; 2 5 2 3 , Rio Japurá.
à.IX. 1980, Victor Py c o l l . ; 1 2 , Manaus, Ceplac, 2 8 . V I I . 1977, I. S. Gorayeb c o l l .
Paratypes to be deposited at !NPA and in the collections of G . B. Fairchild: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro and M u s e u de Zoologia São Paulo.
Most collections of t h i s species have been made near the mouth of the Rio Negro, but the distribution extends much further w e s t , t o
Rio Nambu (Igarapé Inhambu), Rio Demeni, upper Rio Negro, Lago Urini (Rio Juruá) and Rio Japurá.
Before i t was f o r m a l l y described, autogeny was reported in Stenotabanus bequaerti n. sp by Charlwood & Rafael (1980), w h o dissected more than 200 females of this species captured during August to October. This seems to be the period of m a x i m u m flight activity for t h i s species in the studied area, end agrees w i t h label data f r o m specimens captured in other years and l o c a l i t i e s .
A
F i g . 3 — S t e n o t a b a n u s v i t r i p e n n i s ( L u t z ) a ) f r o n s ; b ) p a l p ( p a r a t y p e 2 ) .
Stenotabanus (Stencchlcrcps) v i t r i p e n n i s (Lutz) (Figs. 3ab, 4a-d)
D i a c h l o r u s v i t r i p e n n i s L u t z , 1 9 1 3 : 1 6 1 1 6 2 , P I . 1 2 , fig. 1 1 ; Fairchild. 1 9 6 1 : 2 1 3 .
S t e n o t a b a n u s ( S t e n o c h l o r o p s ) v i t r i p e n n i s , Fairchild, 1 9 6 9 : 2 1 5 ; Fairchild, 1 9 7 1 : 5 0 .
Only the figured structures are here de-s c r i b e d . Thede-se figurede-s c o m p l e m e n t the original description of Lutz w h i c h o m i t s , or does not represent adequately, such s t r u c t u r e s as are needed for a good characterization of the species.
HEAD : Frons ( f i g . 3a) divergent at base, basal callosity protuberant, narrower than frons
lateral margins pollinose. Subcallus casta-neous, shiny, protuberant. Antennal scape about 1/3 basal w i d t h of f r o n s . Palpi ( f i g . 3b)
castaneous, w i t h pilosity of the same color, slender, as long as height of f r o n s . Antennae missing.
GENITALIA : Tergites VIII, IX and X w i t h shape, pilosity and pigmentation as represented in fig. 4a. The cercus represented in this figure is broken at mid-length. Hypoproct ( f i g . 4b) with a s m a l l , distinct, m e d i o a p i c a l projection and w i t h fine subapical setae. Eighth sternite and gonapophyses ( f i g . 4c) w i t h base straight and apex b i l o b e d . Genital f o r k ( f i g . 4d) w i t h medial incision at base; lateral arms relatively w e l l sclerotized, and spinous bristles of the genital comb "distinct, though less so than in the preceding species (S. bequaerti). Basal portion of spermathecal ducts w e l l sclerotized
Two paratypes cf this species (T-280 and T-282) were received for study f r o m Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. These specimens arrived badly damaged in the m a i l . The associated parts were giued to the insect. However, w h e n t h i s was not possible, parts w e r e mounted on slides and received the same label as the pinned insect. The original description of t h i s species was based on six specimens collected in Ouixada (Ceara State) .
S t e n o t a b a n u s ( S t e n e c h l o r o p s ) p a r a d o x u s (Lutz) ( F i g s . 5 a , b )
D i a c h l o r u s p a r a d o x u s L u t z , 1 9 1 3 : 1 6 0 1 6 1 , P I . 1 3 , t i g . 1 5 ; B e q u a e r t . 1 9 2 6 ; 2 2 4 ( m i s i d . ) ; K r o b e r , 1 9 2 8 ; 1 0 0 1 9 3 4 : 2 5 7 ; F a i r c h i l d , 1 9 6 1 : 2 1 3 .
S t e n o t a b a n u s ( S t e n o c h l o r o p s ) p a r a d o x u s , F a i r c h i l d , 1 9 6 9 ; 2 1 5 ; F a i r c h i l d , 1 9 7 1 : 5 0 .
The original description of this species given by Lutz (1913), is g o o d . The f i g u r e of the frons and palpi are given here t o better characterize i t . Frons ( f i g . 5a) divergent at base, median callosity not clearly visible, basal callosity narrower than frons lateral margins p o l l i n o s e . Subcallus dark castaneous, shiny protuberant. Scape castaneous, its length approximately half basal w i d t h of f r o n s . Palpi
( f i g . 5b) basally inflated, castaneous, w i t h slightly paler hairs, clearly shorter than height of f r o n s .
The genitalia are not f i g u r e d , since t h e abdomen has been damaged since the t i m e of the original d e s c r i p t i o n . This species was described f r o m a single specimen that ap-peared altered " i n consequnce of the attacks of a destroying i n s e c t " . Damage included complete lack of the left leg and part of ths
and halteres r e m a i n . The w i n g s , labella, and some abdominal fragments are mounted on s l i d e s , ( l a m . T-277) .
COMPARATIVE NOTES
St. (Stenochlorops) bequaerti n. s p . is most similar to St. (Stenochlorops) vitripennis
(Lutz), described f r o m Ceara. It appears t o differ from vitripennis in having w h o l l y trans-parent w i n g s , w i t h o u t the darkened extreme base of the w i n g , or yellowish costal cell shown by Lutz (1913) It also has a black subcallus apparently brown in vitripennis, and the frons is narrower and more convergent at base in the new s p e c i e s . According to Lutz' figure
(1913, Est. 12, f i g . 11) shiny scale like hairs are 'ess abundant on the s c u t e l l u m of vitri-pennis than on t h e new s p e c i e s . The unique eye pattern of vitripennis is like that of the new s p e c i e s . Comparison w i t h Lutz' holotype and his description and figure of his Diachlorus paradoxus indicates that it is also similar, but has a much wider frons and different eye pattorn than either vitripennis or bequaerti.
Fairchild (1961) discussed the types of both Lutz' species and noted that both differed f r o m a specimen reported by Bequaert as
paradoxus f r o m lower Rio Negro, and another w h i c h he saw in Instituto Oswaldo Cruz f r o m Rio Japura, Ducke c o l l . The Rio Negro specimen has been compared and it is the same as the
F i g . 4 — G e n i t a l i a o f S t e n o t a b a n u s v i t r i p e n n i s ( L u t z ) a ) V I I I . I X , X t e r g i t e s a n d c e r e i ; b ) h y p o p r o c t : c ) V I I I s t e r n i t e a n d g o n a p o p h y s i s ; d ) g e n i t a l f o r k a n d b a s a l p o r t i o n o f s p e r m a t h e c a l d u c t s , ( p a r a t y p e 9 ) .
A
1 m m
F i g . 5 — S t e n o t a b a n u s p a r a d o x u s ( L u t z ) a ) f r o n s ; b ) p a l p ( h o l o t y p e $ ) .
present series I r o m A m a z o n a s . Both Bequaert (1926) and Krõber (1928) thought that Lutz' species were synonymous and t h e former used paradoxus for his specimens f r o m Rio Negro, Amazonas. Fairchild (1969) erected the subgenus Stenotabanus (Stenochlorops)
for these three species, w i t h Diachlorus vitri-pennis Lutz as t y p e .
AGRADECIMENTOS
The authors are indebted t o Dr. Leonidas Deane of t h e Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro for the loan of material, and Dr. Victor Py-Dantel, of INPA for orientation in the prepa-ration cf genitalia.
SUMARIO
S t e n o t a b a n u s ( S t e n o c h l o r o p s ) b e q u a e r t i s p . n . d o A m a z o n a s , B r a s i l , é d e s c r i t a e f i g u r a d a . Sγo incluídas f i g u r a s p a r a v i t r i p e n n i s ( L u t z ) e p a r a d o x u s ( L u t z ) e u m a c h a v e é d a d a p a r a o s u b g e n e r a .
R E F E R E N C E S
B E Q U A R T , J .
1 9 2 6 — T a b a n i d a e . I n : S t r o n g e t a l . , M e d i c a l R e p o r t o f t h e H a m i l t o n R i c e s e v e n t h e x p e d i t i o n t o t h e A m a z o n , i n c o n j u c t i o n w i t h t h e D e p a r t a m e ^ n t o f T r o p i c a l M e d i c i n e o f H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y . C o n t r i b . n.° I V . H a r v a r d I n s t . T r o p . B i o l . M e d . , C h a p . X V . I n c e c t a , p p . 2 1 4 2 3 5 . C a m b r i d g e , H a r v a r d U n i v . P r e s s .
C K A R L W O O D , J . D . & R A F A E L , J . A .
1 9 8 0 — A n t o g e n y in t h e R i v e r N e g r o h o r s e f l y , L e p i s e l a g a c r a s s i p e s , a n d a n u n d e s c r i b e d s p e c i e s o f S t e n o t a b a n u s ( S t e n o c h l o r o p s ) ( D i p t e r a : T a b a n i d a e ) f r o m A m a z o n a s B r a z i l . J . M e d . E n t . , 1 7 : 5 1 9 5 2 1 .
F A I R C H I L D , G . B .
196" — T h e A d o l p h o Lutz c o l l e c t i o n o f T a b a n i d a e ( D i p t e r a ) . I . T h e d e s c r i b e d g e n e r a a n d s p e c i e s , c o n d i t i o n o f t h e c o l l e c t i o n , a n d s e l e c t i o n o f l e c t o t y p e s . M e m . I n s t . O s w . C r u z . 5 9 ( 2 ) : 1 8 5 2 4 9 .
1 9 6 9 — N o t e s o n n e o t r o p i c a l T a b a n i d a o . X I I . C ! a s f i c a t i o n a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n , w i t h k e y s t o g e n e r a a n d s u b g e n e r a . A r q . Z o o l . , Sγo P a u l o . 17 ( 4 ) : 1 S 9 2 5 5 .
1971 — A c a t a l o g u e o f t h e D i p t o r a o f t h e A m e r i c a s S o u t h o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s 2 8 . F a m i l y Ta b a n i d a e . M u s e u d e Z o o l o g i a . U n i v . Sγo P a u l o . 1 6 3 p p .
KRΥBER. O .
1 9 2 8 — D i e A m e r i k a n i s c h e n A r t e n d e r T a b a n i d e n S u b f a m i l i e D i a c h l o r i n a e E n d . A r c h . f . S c h i f f s . u . T r o p e n H y g . , 3 2 ( 2 ) : 1 5 5 . 1934 — C a t a l o g o d o s T a b a n i d a e d a América d o S u l
e C e n t r a l , i n c l u i n d o o México e a s A n t i l h a s . R e v . E n t o m . , R i o d e J a n e i r o , 4 ( 2 3 ) : 2 2 2 2 7 6 . 2 9 1 3 3 3 .
L U T Z , A .
1 9 1 3 — T a b a n i d a s d o B r a s i l e a l g u n s E s t a d o s v i z i n h o s . M e m I n s t . Osw. C r u z , 5 ( 2 ) : 1 4 2 1 9 1 .
