DISSERTAÇÃO_Efeito de inseticidas utilizados na cultura do tomateiro na infectividade de nematoides entomopatogênicos Steinernema carpocapsae e Heterorhabditis amazonensis (Nematoda: Rhabditida)
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(38) . L=µ²=F:W::B@W9:;F:CCT:<@<²:B:L=<8K8C=H:uu:K<@u<²89A;@CTK<J=9 =W=L:K<8BK=B8BF@HF:=<@M8K:uu:K<C8;:K<Hµ@B<²:AH=B<A=;=98<8KB:L=<@C:9Wµ C=L=N8BN<²:8;9:B9@;8=H@;N=B9JL=¿8BN8<8LA@998WH:<@;:K@NB8v:<²:A:B:<;=<8@B 98<:YÛ@;¿K=;;8:C@T<Wµs:=C:<=HY¼=H9@C:L@B9<;=<:C<²=<7µB=L:K½ K=T9:C H@¾8Bu:K<8F8<µYß@u]98B¹á}yºº{yºº~H=;F=:Y B<²:A;:9:B<¾@;¿J<²:<¾@9A:K8:9@uUP9A;:9:B<:C8B9:B98<8F8<µ<@<²: K²8<8BR8B²8W8<8BN8B9:K<8K8C::;<:;@½Y²89;:9TH<L=µW:CT:<@<²:=W9:BK:@u K²8<8B8B<²:KT<8KTH=;9<;TK<T;:@u<²:B:L=<@C:9J=9<²:8;A;8L=;µK@B9<8<T<8@B89 u@;L:CWµK@HH=N:B9JKT<8KTH8B9=BC@<²:;A;@<:8B9ØYB=CC8<8@BJ<²:8B9:K<8K8C: ¾8<²=K<8@B98L8H=;<@<²=<@u:;<:;@½JK²8<8BR8B²8W8<@;C8uHTW:BvT;@BTB¿B@¾B K@L:;K8=HA;@CTK<JC8CB@<A;@F@¿:=Bµ8B²8W8<8@B8B<²:;:A;@CTK<8@B=BC C:F:H@AL:B<@uwá~|~~y8Bz{ªzx|<:9<9K=;;8:C@T<Wµs=;=!¶=µ=Y ²8<8BR8B²8W8<8BN8B9:K<8K8C:9²=CA;:F8@T9HµW::B@W9:;F:CB@<=uu:K<8BN<²: F8=W8H8<µ@uyxy|| ~zxz~xy|z |~J;=<8uµ8BN<²:;:9TH<9@W9:;F:CWµ @F:9<8!7:9:à@Bwá~|~~y=BCwxyz{y|{y}~§yºxz~y=BCWµ7:=;C@ !S;:¾=H¾8<²<²:8B9:K<8K8C:[C:A<S½ @Bwá§yºxz~yJ=H9@=N;::8BN¾8<²<²: ;:9TH<9@W<=8B:C8B<²:A;:9:B<¾@;¿Y.
(39) . 3585q²=;=K<:;89<8K9@u<²:8B9:K<8K8C:9T9:C8B<²:W8@=99=µY :K²B8K=HB=L: @LL:;K8=HB=L: G@;LTH=<8@B= YW [W=L:K<8B ;8uHTLT;@B 7:H<=L:<²;8B 78L:<²µH=L8B@RA;@AµH ²H@;Aµ;8u@9 I=LWC=RKµ²=H@<;8B²H@;=B<;=B8HA;@H: ²H@;=B<;=B8HA;@H: ²8=L:<²@M=BI=LWC=RKµ²=H@<²;8B =. :;<8L:K¼½ :;<:;@½ 7:K89½ P;:F8KT;½ ¶H@;A=B»¼½ [LAH8N@½ P;:L8@½ UBN:@PH:B@½. U r U r U r r r. [F:;L:K<8B :Bv@µHT;:= Pµ;:<²;@8C =;W=L=<: Z;N=B@A²@9A²=<: Pµ;:<²;@8C[B<²;=B8H=L8C: [B<²;=B8H=L8C: :@B8K@<8B@8C9Pµ;:<²;@8C. UÙULTH98@B=WH:K@BK:B<;=<:ÔrÙK@BK:B<;=<:C9T9A:B98@BÔrÙ9@HTWH:K@BK:B<;=<:. WYÙ@M8 K@H@N8K=HKH=998u8K=<8@B Ks8 N²:9<;:K@LL:BC:CK@BK:B<;=<8@B. ²:L8K=HN;@TA. @BK:B<;=<8@B ²=K JH LH »LH JH ¼LH LH LH ¼LH.
(40) . 3583qP:;K:B<=N:@uL@;<=H8<µL:=B rU@uyxy|| ~zxz~}~{y{z]P\»=BCwxyz{y|{y}~~|~~y[HH :MA@9T;:<@<²:8B9:K<8K8C:9T9:C@B<²:<@L=<@K;@A @JEC: ßY yxy||~zxz~}~½{y{y wxyz{y|{y}~~|~~y = UBN:@PH:B½@ åJ JØ= @B<;@H J J= [LAH8N@½ ¼J J= 7:K89½ ½ ØJ J»»=W P;:L8@ ¼J» J= ¶H@;A=B»¼½ J¼ J=W @B<;@H½ ØJ J= :;<8L:K¼½ Jå J=W :;<:;@ ½ ØJ J= UBN:@PH:½B@ Jå JåW :;<8L:K¼½ J JØ=W :;<:;@½ ¼J Jå»W ¶H@;A=B»¼½ åJ JØ=W [LAH8N@½ J JW 7:K89½ ØJ J=W P;:L8@ ½ Jå JW P;:F8KT; »Jå J»W P;:F8KT; J¼ JW ß Jå J¼ =\:=B9ê ð33ð&øïñûñò øñúíóøñ3øòòøõñïðñîðòñúë îëêëìíîò3ñïëêêøõñíììðõïëî ñòðñ'ö(ø úñòøúòñíòñíñ)*ñúë îëêëìíîìøñ3ø÷ø3+.
(41) . 358Äq\@;<=H8<µ@u¹~ººy|z~}yºº{yºº~H=;F=:L:=B rUu@;yxy|| @~zxz~}~{y{z]P\»=BCwxyz{y|{y}~ ~|~~y[HH:MA@9T;:<@<²:8B9:K<8K8C:9T9:C@B<²:<@L=<@K;@A JEC: ßY yxy||~zxz~}~={y{z K C wxyz{y|{y}~~|=~~y K C \@;<=H8<µß Uß \@;<=H8<µß Uß ¶H@;A=B»¼½½ åJ J»W åØJ :;<8L:K¼½½ J J»K ØJ :;<8L:K½¼ J J»W åJ ¶H@;A=B»¼½ J J»W »JØ 7:K89½ J J= ¼Jå P;:F8KT;½ ¼J J= [LAH8N@½ åJ J»= Jå :;<:;@ ½ ¼J J= »J :;<:;@½ åJ J= Jå UBN:@PH:B@ Ø»J J»= J P;:L8@ ½ ¼J J= åJØ @B<;@H½ ØåJ J»= R P;:F8KT; ¼JW J= »Jå 7:K89½ ØåJ J»= @B<;@H ¼åJ Jå= R [LAH8N@ J J= UBN:@PH:B@½ ØJ J»»= P;:L8@½ J J= ß J ¼ » J = 7:=C¹~ººy|z~}yºº{yºº~H=;F=:Y. W,øíîúñ êð33ð&øïñûñò øñúíóøñ3øòòøõñïðñîðòñúë îëêëìíîò3ñïëêêøõñíììðõïëî ñòðñ'ö(ø úñòøúòñíòñíñ)*ñúë îëêëìíîìøñ3ø÷ø3+ñ K; :=<L:B<:uu:K<UßÙßK@;;:K<:CL@;<=H8<µM:CYß@uK@;;:K<:CL@;<=H8<µ¾=9BTHH8B=HH<;:=<L:B<9=BC. <²:;:u@;:B@<K@B98C:;:Cu@;K=HKTH=<8BNUY. C Z<@M8K@H@N8K=HKH=998u8K=<8@B@u<²:8B9:K<8K8C:9-²=;LH:99#ßJ-9H8N²<Hµ²=;LuTHØßY.
(42) ». r<TC8:9K=;;8:C@T<Wµ@<²:;=T<²@;9=H9@9²@¾H@¾]L@;<=H8<µu@;wá ~|~~y¾²:B:MA@9:C<@K²H@;Aµ;8u@9»JJåYZB:²µA@<²:989<²=<L=µ :MAH=8B <²89 8B9:B98<8F8<µ 8B <²: UP9 8BF@HF:9 <²: A;:9:BK: @u WT<µ;µHK²@H8B:9<:;=9:8B <²:9µB=A9:@uA=;=98<8KB:L=<@C:9JA;@<:K<8BN <²: =K:<µHK²@H8B:9<:;=9:J=BC <²T9 =K<8BN =9 = u;@B<H8B: C:u:B9: =N=8B9<9TK² K@LA@TBC9Y:N;89@H8];:<=HY»@W9:;F:C<²=<Pµ;8B:M½ K=T9:CH@¾L@;<=H8<µ8B á~xy|z |~Y¼ß=BCwá~|~~yYßJ²@¾:F:;J8<K=T9:C= ;:CTK<8@B8B<²:8Bu:K<8F8<µ@u<²:]98B¹á}yºº{yºº~H=;F=:Y²:9=L:;:9TH<¾=9 u@TBC8B<²:A;:9:B<:9<TCµJ=BC<²89L=µW:;:H=<:C<@<²:;:CTK<8@B8BH8A8C98B <²:UP9=u<:;K@B<=K<¾8<²8B9:K<8K8C:9Y²:tT=B<8<µ@uH8A8C9A;:9:B<8B<²:]9 C8;:K<Hµ8BuHT:BK:9²@9<8Bu:K<8F8<µ¼Y ZW9:;F8BN<²:=K<8@B@uAµ;:<²;@8C9J:N;89@H8];:<=HYØu@TBCH@¾UP L@;<=H8<µW:H@¾ß¾²:B:MA@9:C<@<²:A;@CTK<7:K89½Yr8L8H=;;:9TH<9¾:;: u@TBC8B<²899<TCµJ¾²8K²W;@=C:B9<²:;:9TH<9;:H=<:C<@<²:9=u:<µ@u<²89A;@CTK< u@;UP9Y²:9=u:<µ@u@<²:;8B9:K<8K8C:9W=9:C@BAµ;:<²;@8C9¾=9=H9@A;@F:C Wµ@F:9<8:<=HY =BC@F:9<8! 7:9:àJ¾²@F:;8u8:C²8N²F8=W8H8<µ@uY ~xy|z |~=BCwá~|~~yJ=u<:;:MA@9T;:<@<²:9:A;@CTK<9Y B<²899<TCµ<²:UP9A;:9:B<:CF8=W8H8<µ=BC8Bu:K<8F8<µ98L8H=;<@<²: K@B<;@H<;:=<L:B<¾²:B:MA@9:C<@<²:A;@CTK<UBN:@PH:B@½Y¶@AA:B²àu:;:<=HYØ :F=HT=<:C<²::uu:K<@u\:;8<½ =BC\:;8C8=B½ K@LW8B:C¾8<²á~xy|z |~ =BCwxyz{y|{y}~¥º~y|zJ@W<=8B8BN9µB:;N8K:uu:K<9u;@LW@<²B:L=<@C:9¾8<² :=K²@u<²:A;@CTK<9@B<²:9=L:²@9<9Y[K<=;=½ =H9@L=8B<=8B:C²8N²F8=W8H8<µ8B wxyz{y|{y}~~|y{~|z }¼ßJwá~|~~y¼Yß¡w᥺~y|z¼Yß=BC á~xy|z |~¼Y»ß8B=¾@;¿K=;;8:C@T<Wµ[BC=HQ:<=HYY²:9:=T<²@;9 =H9@u@TBC²8N²8Bu:K<8F8<µ@F:;¼ß8B<²:9:B:L=<@C:9¾²:B:MA@9:C<@ [K<=;=½Y²:µu@TBC²8N²8Bu:K<8F8<µ@F:;åß8Bu@T;9A:K8:9@uB:L=<@C:9 <:9<:C¾²:B:MA@9:C<@<²:8B9:K<8K8C:GT;=C=B½Ô<²:9=L:¾=9u@TBC¾8<² P;:F8KT;½ u@;<²:<¾@9A:K8:9@uUP9T9:C8B<²:A;:9:B<9<TCµY.
(43) . ²:A;@CTK<9<²=<A@99:99L@;:<²=B@B:=K<8F:8BN;:C8:B<J9TK²=9 [LAH8N@½ =BCUBN:@PH:B@½JC8CB@<K=T9:C=L=N:<@<²:<¾@9A:K8:9@u B:L=<@C:9JK@Bu8;L8BN<²:9=u:<µ@u<²:9:A;@CTK<98B8B<:N;=<:CK@B<;@HYP;@CTK<9 ¾8<²<¾@=K<8F:8BN;:C8:B<9¾:;:=H9@=B=Hµv:CWµ:N;89@H8];:<=HY»J=BC<²: A;@CTK<:;C=C:;@½;:CTK:C8Bu:K<8F8<µ@uá~xy|z |~JB@<K=T98BN=B:uu:K< @Bwá~|~~yY ²:=K<8F:8BN;:C8:B<9@u<²:K²:L8K=HN;@TA=B<²;=B8H=L8C:C8CB@< A;:9:B<=BµC8uu:;:BK:8B<²:F8=W8H8<µ=BC8Bu:K<8F8<µ@u<²:B:L=<@C:9JWT<<²: =K<8F:8BN;:C8:B<9@u<²:K²:L8K=HN;@TAAµ;:<²;@8CC8CA;:9:B<C8uu:;:B<:uu:K<9 @B<²:F8=W8H8<µ@u<²:<¾@B:L=<@C:9A:K8:9Y²89C8uu:;:BK:L=µW:CT:<@<²: u@;LTH=<8@B@u<²:A;@CTK<9J¾²8K²L=µK@B<=8B9T;u=K<=B<9<²=<=;:L@;:@;H:99 <@M8K<@<²:B:L=<@C:9JY ²:;:¾=9=K@;;:H=<8@B8B<²:<@M8K@H@N8K=HKH=998u8K=<8@B@u<²:A;@CTK<9 7:K89½JP;:L8@½JUBN:@PH:B@½ KH=99=BCP;:F8KT;½ KH=99»JK=T98BN=H@¾ :uu:K<@B<²:F8=W8H8<µ=BC8Bu:K<8F8<µ@u<²:]9J:MK:A<u@;:;<8L:K½ KH=99J ¾²8K²K=T9:C=H@998B<²:8Bu:K<8F8<µ@u<²:]9¾²:BK@LA=;:C<@<²:K@B<;@H <;:=<L:B<Y²:9=L:@KKT;;:C¾8<²¶H@;A=B½J;:CTK8BN<²:8Bu:K<8F8<µ@u<²:]9Ô ²@¾:F:;JK@;;:H=<8BN¾8<²8<9<@M8K@H@N8K=HKH=998u8K=<8@BKH=99J<²:@<²:; A;@CTK<9C8CB@<A;:9:B<=<@M8K@H@N8K=HK@;;:H=<8@B¾8<²<²:B:L=<@C:9J8B =N;::L:B<¾8<²<²:u8BC8BN9@u@F:9<8:<=HYY :;<8L:K½ =BC¶H@;A=B½ ¾:;:K@B98C:;:C9H8N²<Hµ<@M8KKH=999H8N²<Hµ <@M8Ku@;<²:<¾@9A:K8:9@uUP9JWT<<²:<@M8K8<µ@u=A;@CTK<z{ªzx|C@:9B@< =H¾=µ9;:A;:9:B<8<9<@M8K8<µ8B<²:u8:HC¼J98BK:8B<²:H=W@;=<@;µ<²:K@B<=K<89 :M<;:L:=BCNT=;=B<::Cu@;»¼²@T;9YZB:¾=µ@uT98BN<²:8BK@LA=<8WH: B:L=<@C:9=BC8B9:K<8K8C:9¾@THCW:=AAHµ8BN<²:L=<C8uu:;:B<L@L:B<9=u<:; <²:A:;8@C@uA:;989<:BK:@u<²:A;@CTK<J@;F8K:F:;9=ØYG@H8=;=AAH8K=<8@B9²=F: W::B9:F:;:HµH8L8<:CCT:<@:BF8;@BL:B<=H@W9<=KH:99TK²=9TH<;=F8@H:<;=C8=<8@BJ ²8N²<:LA:;=<T;:9=BCH@¾²TL8C8<µJ;:CTK8BN<²:9T;F8F=H=BC:uu8K=Kµ@u<²:.
(44) å. B:L=<@C:9Y²T9J<²:=AAH8K=<8@B99²@THCW:K=;;8:C@T<=<B8N²<@;8B<²::=;Hµ L@;B8BN¾²:BTBu=F@;=WH::BF8;@BL:B<=HK@BC8<8@B9K=BW:=F@8C:C»Y²:@<²:; A;@CTK<9T9:C8B<²:W8@=99=µ¾:;:K@B98C:;:CK@LA=<8WH:KH=99B@BR<@M8K ¾8<²<²:<¾@9A:K8:9@uB:L=<@C:9Y B<²:A;:9:B<¾@;¿J8<¾=9K@Bu8;L:C<²=<<²:B:L=<@C:9yxy|| ~zxz ~}~{y{z89@H=<:]P\»=BCwxyz{y|{y}~~|~~y[HH=;:K@B98C:;:C K@LA=<8WH:¾8<²L@9<@u<²:A;@CTK<9<:9<:Cu@;<²:<@L=<@K;@AY :u:;:BK:9 =L=; N@ÛP G@J\=vv:8[Y\:;K=C@LTBC8=HC:<@L=<::@L:;K@9THY Bu@;L=>Õ:9UK@BÝL8K=9YØØÔR¼Y s=³ 8G7JP;:v@<<8IJ=;B:8;@]rJ[H:BK=;][Y®|z ¥|~}}~|yxz }A=;=@ K@B<;@H:C:A;=N=9B@<@L=<:8;@8BC9<;8=HYBP=;;=]PJ@<:H²@Pr\J@;;O=R G:;;:8;=rJ:B<@]\rJ:C8<@;9Y@B<;@H:W8@HQN8K@B@;=98HA=;=98<@8C:9: A;:C=C@;:9Yr?@P=TH@\=B@H:ÔYAY»RØ»Y 78 :vR@C;XNT:vSJZL@<@Ys:;=B>=C=:989<OBK8=C:wxy|~§| ¥zy|~ ]U rL8<² I:A8C@A<:;= @K<T8C=: = I=LWC=R8=H@<;8B=Y :@<;@A8K=H UB<@L@H@NµYÔRåY »@:L=; : Y 8@H@NµJ <=M@B@Lµ =BC 989<:L=<8K @u é x| ~ =BC èy{| ~ YBS=TNH:;J:C8<@;YUB<@L@A=<²@N:B8KB:L=<@H@NµY:¾â@;¿ [ÔYAYRåY Û8 HH8=L9UJÛ=H<:;9¶G[YG@H8=;=AAH8K=<8@B @u<²: :B<@L@A=<²@N:B8K B:L=<@C:Jwxyz{y|{y}~§yºxz~y=N=8B9<H:=uL8B:;9@B F:N:<=WH:9Y8@K@B<;@H rK8:BK:=BC:K²B@H@NµYÔåRY åT< ²W:;<9@B [SrJÛ=H<:;9 ¶G[J@;<²8BN PJIT@ ÛYUuu8K=Kµ @u<²: :B<@L@A=<²@N:B8KB:L=<@C:Jwxyz{y|{y}~§yºxz~yJ=N=8B9<9¾::<A@<=<@¾²8<:uHµ y}zz~x~~zs@L@A<:;=[H:µ;@C8C=:TBC:;H=W@;=<@;µ =BC NH=99²@T9: K@BC8<8@B9YTHH:<8B@uUB<@L@H@N8K=H:9:=;K²YÔØØR»Y.
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