Operação de Instalações Marítimas
Sistemas Auxiliares (2)
Sumário
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Fresh Water Hydrophore System
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Refrigeration System
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Fresh Water Hydrophore System
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Refrigeration System
Fresh Water Hydrophore System
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Fresh Water Hydrophore System consists of:
• a pressurized hydrophore tank with necessary pumps and valves;
• a drinking water tank;
• and a fresh water heater.
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The capacity of the system is approx. 10 t/h of cold water,
hot water and drinking water;
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The hydrophore tank volum is 3 m
3and pressure is kept
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Fresh Water Hydrophore System
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Refrigeration System
Refrigeration System
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The refrigeration plant consists of the main components:
• Electrically driven 50kW screw compressor;
• Compressor lubrication oil recovery system;
• Sea water cooled condenser;
• Refrigerant liquid receiver;
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The plant comprises following compartments:
• Meat/Fish compartment (-18◦C) including:
• One 4 kW air fan for cooling down;
• One 1.5 kW air fan for normal operation;
• One evaporator with dry expansion;
• Evaporator electrical defrost device;
• Provision store for perishable goods (+5◦C) including:
• One air fan;
• One evaporator with dry expansion;
Refrigeration System Description
• The compressor is lubricated and cooled by oil and refrigerant gases;• The lubrication oil is separated from the compressed refrigerant gas in the oil separator;
• If the oil level is less than 20% of full, new oil must be added;
• A substantial part of the compressor heat is transferred to the cooling oil in the compressor screw, and the oil must be cooled;
• The sea water flow to the condenser is supplied by two pumps.
• Normally just one is in operation, while the other is standby.
• The condensed refrigerant flows by gravity to the receiver;
• The valve called “vapour valve” is for pressure equalising between condenser and the liquid receiver vessel;
• The temperature of the Meat/Fish store is regulated by the compressor load while the Provision store temperature is set by the position of the evaporator pressure regulator valve.
Refrigeration System Operation
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Preparation:
• Line up valves in the lubrication oil system and start the pump;
• Check and if necessary, refill the lubrication oil by means of the make-up pump;
• Open vapour and liquid valves between condenser and receiver;
• Open sea water cooling valves to lubrication oil cooler and condenser and start sea water pump;
• Condenser cooling water control valve must be set to a suitable opening to maintain appropriate condensation pressure.
Refrigeration System Operation
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Starting:
• Open the liquid valves from receiver to evaporators;
• Start air fans in compartments;
• Reset the trip functions, if any present, and start the compressor;
• Set temperature control into MAN and adjust capacity control slide valve to 10% (otherwise compressor will trip on overload);
• Gradually increase compressor capacity manually checking the compressor electric power consumption during cooling down;
• Set temperature controller into AUTO when temperature in Meat/Fish store is below −10◦C;
• Normal temperature in Meat/Fish store is −18◦C;
• When Meat/Fish store temperature approaches −18◦C change to 1.5 kW fan;
• Adjust Provision store evap. capacity regulator to maintain Provision store temperature at 5◦C.
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Fresh Water Hydrophore System
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Refrigeration System
Bilge Regulations
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To reduce pollution of the world’s coasts and waters by the
shipping industry, a great number of laws, regulations and
penalties have been established and are being enforced;
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These include regulations set by:
• International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78 Annex I);
• Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1970 (FWPCA);
• Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90).
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Of greatest interest aboard the training ship are the
Bilge General Regulation
As established by MARPOL 73/78 rule 9:
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... any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships
to which this Annex applies shall be prohibited except where
all the following conditions are satisfied:
• ...
• from a ship of 400 gross tonnage and above:
• the ship is not within a special area;
• the ship is proceeding en route;
• the oil content of the effluent does not exceed 15 parts per million (ppm);
• the ship has in operation equipment as required by Regulation 16 (requirements of the oil content monitor, oil separating or filtering device).
Oil Record Book
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The following operations must be recorded in the oil record
book:
• Ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks;
• Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks;
• Collection and disposal of oil residues (sludge);
• Automatic and Non-automatic discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery spaces;
• Condition of oil discharge monitoring and control system (failures and repairs);
• Accidental or other exceptional discharge of oil;
• Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil;
Bilge System Description
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The following engine room bilge wells are included:
• Aft
• Port
• Stbd
• Fwd
Incinerator Operation
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Operation:
• Note amount of oil in sludge tank;
• Open valve from sludge tank to burner pump;
• Open valve to incinerator;
• Start incinerator by pushing flame ON;
• Incinerator will automatically stop at low level in sludge tank;
• Note and record amount of sludge incinerated;
Bilge Separator Preparation
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Preparation:
• Start electric heating and set separator operation in MANUAL;
• Set the separator into AUTO mode when sufficient temperature (50◦C);
• Check the setting of the ppm detector.
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Separator operation in AUTO mode:
• The overboard intermediate valve is closed and the
re-circulation valve opened if the ppm limit in the overboard water is above a pre-set limit;
• When the oil/water interface sensor detects low level (much oil), the sludge valve is opened;
• The bilge separator pump may be started/stopped
automatically according to the bilge well level (dependent on suction from the engine room bilge well).
• If the bilge pump is ON for more than 20% (adjustable) of the OFF time an alarm is activated.
Daily Bilge Services
•Check level and oil content in bilge well;
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Open suction valve from bilge well;
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Open valves through separator;
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Check that over board valve is closed;
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Open discharge valve to “Clean Bilge Tank”;
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Check that bilge separator is in AUTO;
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Start bilge pump in manual;
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If bilge has high oil content:
• Open 3-way valve before bilge separator and discharge directly to sludge tank;
• Let the oily water mixture separate in sludge tank before emptying water to clean bilge tank.
Emptying “Clean Bilge Tank”
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Check and record tank level, time and ship’s position;
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Check that bilge separator is ready;
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Open suction valve from clean bilge tank;
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Open discharge over board;
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Check that bilge separator is in AUTO;
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Start bilge pump;
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Observe PPM-meter to avoid pumping oil overboard;
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Check and note tank level, time and ship’s position when
Stopping Bilge Separator
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Ensure operation in MANUAL mode;
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Close bilge suction valve and open sea suction to flush
separator;
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Manually open “sludge valve” to remove recovered oil;
Sumário
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Fresh Water Hydrophore System
2