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Operação de Instalações Marítimas

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Operação de Instalações Marítimas

Sistemas Auxiliares (2)

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Sumário

1

Fresh Water Hydrophore System

2

Refrigeration System

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1

Fresh Water Hydrophore System

2

Refrigeration System

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Fresh Water Hydrophore System

Fresh Water Hydrophore System consists of:

• a pressurized hydrophore tank with necessary pumps and valves;

• a drinking water tank;

• and a fresh water heater.

The capacity of the system is approx. 10 t/h of cold water,

hot water and drinking water;

The hydrophore tank volum is 3 m

3

and pressure is kept

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1

Fresh Water Hydrophore System

2

Refrigeration System

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Refrigeration System

The refrigeration plant consists of the main components:

• Electrically driven 50kW screw compressor;

• Compressor lubrication oil recovery system;

• Sea water cooled condenser;

• Refrigerant liquid receiver;

The plant comprises following compartments:

• Meat/Fish compartment (-18◦C) including:

• One 4 kW air fan for cooling down;

• One 1.5 kW air fan for normal operation;

• One evaporator with dry expansion;

• Evaporator electrical defrost device;

• Provision store for perishable goods (+5◦C) including:

• One air fan;

• One evaporator with dry expansion;

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Refrigeration System Description

• The compressor is lubricated and cooled by oil and refrigerant gases;

• The lubrication oil is separated from the compressed refrigerant gas in the oil separator;

• If the oil level is less than 20% of full, new oil must be added;

• A substantial part of the compressor heat is transferred to the cooling oil in the compressor screw, and the oil must be cooled;

• The sea water flow to the condenser is supplied by two pumps.

• Normally just one is in operation, while the other is standby.

• The condensed refrigerant flows by gravity to the receiver;

• The valve called “vapour valve” is for pressure equalising between condenser and the liquid receiver vessel;

• The temperature of the Meat/Fish store is regulated by the compressor load while the Provision store temperature is set by the position of the evaporator pressure regulator valve.

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Refrigeration System Operation

Preparation:

• Line up valves in the lubrication oil system and start the pump;

• Check and if necessary, refill the lubrication oil by means of the make-up pump;

• Open vapour and liquid valves between condenser and receiver;

• Open sea water cooling valves to lubrication oil cooler and condenser and start sea water pump;

• Condenser cooling water control valve must be set to a suitable opening to maintain appropriate condensation pressure.

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Refrigeration System Operation

Starting:

• Open the liquid valves from receiver to evaporators;

• Start air fans in compartments;

• Reset the trip functions, if any present, and start the compressor;

• Set temperature control into MAN and adjust capacity control slide valve to 10% (otherwise compressor will trip on overload);

• Gradually increase compressor capacity manually checking the compressor electric power consumption during cooling down;

• Set temperature controller into AUTO when temperature in Meat/Fish store is below −10◦C;

• Normal temperature in Meat/Fish store is −18◦C;

• When Meat/Fish store temperature approaches −18◦C change to 1.5 kW fan;

• Adjust Provision store evap. capacity regulator to maintain Provision store temperature at 5◦C.

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1

Fresh Water Hydrophore System

2

Refrigeration System

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Bilge Regulations

To reduce pollution of the world’s coasts and waters by the

shipping industry, a great number of laws, regulations and

penalties have been established and are being enforced;

These include regulations set by:

• International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78 Annex I);

• Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1970 (FWPCA);

• Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90).

Of greatest interest aboard the training ship are the

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Bilge General Regulation

As established by MARPOL 73/78 rule 9:

... any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships

to which this Annex applies shall be prohibited except where

all the following conditions are satisfied:

• ...

• from a ship of 400 gross tonnage and above:

• the ship is not within a special area;

• the ship is proceeding en route;

• the oil content of the effluent does not exceed 15 parts per million (ppm);

• the ship has in operation equipment as required by Regulation 16 (requirements of the oil content monitor, oil separating or filtering device).

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Oil Record Book

The following operations must be recorded in the oil record

book:

• Ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks;

• Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks;

• Collection and disposal of oil residues (sludge);

• Automatic and Non-automatic discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery spaces;

• Condition of oil discharge monitoring and control system (failures and repairs);

• Accidental or other exceptional discharge of oil;

• Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil;

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Bilge System Description

The following engine room bilge wells are included:

• Aft

• Port

• Stbd

• Fwd

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Incinerator Operation

Operation:

• Note amount of oil in sludge tank;

• Open valve from sludge tank to burner pump;

• Open valve to incinerator;

• Start incinerator by pushing flame ON;

• Incinerator will automatically stop at low level in sludge tank;

• Note and record amount of sludge incinerated;

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Bilge Separator Preparation

Preparation:

• Start electric heating and set separator operation in MANUAL;

• Set the separator into AUTO mode when sufficient temperature (50◦C);

• Check the setting of the ppm detector.

Separator operation in AUTO mode:

• The overboard intermediate valve is closed and the

re-circulation valve opened if the ppm limit in the overboard water is above a pre-set limit;

• When the oil/water interface sensor detects low level (much oil), the sludge valve is opened;

• The bilge separator pump may be started/stopped

automatically according to the bilge well level (dependent on suction from the engine room bilge well).

• If the bilge pump is ON for more than 20% (adjustable) of the OFF time an alarm is activated.

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Daily Bilge Services

Check level and oil content in bilge well;

Open suction valve from bilge well;

Open valves through separator;

Check that over board valve is closed;

Open discharge valve to “Clean Bilge Tank”;

Check that bilge separator is in AUTO;

Start bilge pump in manual;

If bilge has high oil content:

• Open 3-way valve before bilge separator and discharge directly to sludge tank;

• Let the oily water mixture separate in sludge tank before emptying water to clean bilge tank.

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Emptying “Clean Bilge Tank”

Check and record tank level, time and ship’s position;

Check that bilge separator is ready;

Open suction valve from clean bilge tank;

Open discharge over board;

Check that bilge separator is in AUTO;

Start bilge pump;

Observe PPM-meter to avoid pumping oil overboard;

Check and note tank level, time and ship’s position when

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Stopping Bilge Separator

Ensure operation in MANUAL mode;

Close bilge suction valve and open sea suction to flush

separator;

Manually open “sludge valve” to remove recovered oil;

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Sumário

1

Fresh Water Hydrophore System

2

Refrigeration System

Referências

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