Avaliação do ciclo de vida dos produtos lácteos fabricados em Portugal continental
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(5) palavras-chave. Avaliação do ciclo de vida, lacticínios, impactes ambientais.. resumo. Neste trabalho são caracterizados os principais sistemas associados ao sector dos lacticínios em Portugal, a exploração leiteira, a indústria e os transportes, bem como identificadas e quantificadas as emissões de poluentes para a atmosfera e linhas de água em cada um destes sistemas. É também efectuada a avaliação do potencial impacte ambiental para cada uma das categorias de impacte consideradas. No ano de 2005, o sector de lacticínios em Portugal Continental foi responsável pela emissão de grandes quantidades de poluentes. De entre os sistemas que mais contribuíram para as emissões atmosféricas destaca-se a exploração leiteira que contribuiu para 97%, 86%, 93% e 100% das emissões 3totais de NH3, N2O, CH4 e PO4 , respectivamente e a indústria que contribui para 58%, 78%, 63% e 77% das emissões totais de CO2, CO, partículas e SO2, respectivamente. De entre os sistemas que mais contribuíram para as emissões líquidas destaca-se a indústria que contribuiu para 100%, 98% e 100% das emissões totais de CQO, Ntotal e Ptotal, respectivamente, e a exploração leiteira que contribuiu para 93% e 94% para as emissões totais de 3NO3 e PO4 , respectivamente. O resultado da quantificação dos impactes ambientais do sector dos lacticínios -1 em Portugal Continental, no ano de 2005, foi de 5,1 mil toneladas Sb eq ano -1 para o potencial de depleção abiótica, 1973 ktoneladas CO2 eq ano para o -1 potencial de aquecimento global, 539 toneladas C2H4 eq ano para o potencial -1 e formação de oxidantes fotoquímicos, 30,8 mil toneladas SO2 eq ano para o 3-1 potencial de acidificação e 10 mil toneladas PO4 eq ano para o potencial de eutrofização. A exploração leiteira é o sistema que mais contribui para os potenciais de aquecimento global (60%), de acidificação (81%) e de eutrofização (86%); a indústria de produtos lácteos é o sistema que mais contribui para os potenciais de depleção de recursos abióticos (46%) e de formação de oxidantes fotoquímicos (52%) e os transportes apenas numa categoria de impacte, a depleção dos recursos abióticos, representam mais de 10% do potencial total do sector de lacticínios em Portugal Continental. Na exploração leiteira e na indústria de leite para consumo UHT, a maioria dos impactes ambientais associados a estes sistemas devem-se essencialmente às actividades desenvolvidas no próprio sistema, exploração e indústria. Pelo contrário, na indústria de produção de queijo curado essa situação inverte-se sendo que apenas para as categorias de acidificação e eutrofização as actividades desenvolvidas na própria indústria são as principais responsáveis. As actividades desenvolvidas na indústria de produção de iogurtes representam menos de 10% dos potenciais totais em todas as categorias de impacte..
(6) keywords. Life cycle assessment, dairy sector, environmental impacts.. abstract. In this work the main systems associated with the dairy sectors in Portugal are characterized, the dairy farm, industry and transport systems, in which the polluting emissions to the atmosphere and water bodies in each and ever one of these systems are identified and quantified. Another considered factor was the evaluation of the potential environmental impacts of each one of the considered impact categories. In 2005, the dairy sector in Mainland Portugal was responsible for the emission of a large amount of pollutants. The systems that most contributed for the atmospheric emissions were the dairy farms, with 97%, 86%, 93% and 100% of 3the total emissions of NH3, N2O, CH4 e PO4 , respectively. It is also this industry that contributed for 58%, 78%, 63% and 77% of the total emissions of COD, Ntotal and Ptotal, respectively, as well as 93% and 94% for the total 3emissions of NO3 and PO4 , correspondingly. The result of the quantification of the environmental impacts of the dairy farms -1 in Mainland Portugal in 2005 was 5,1 thousand tons of Sb eq year for the -1 abiotic depletion potential, 1973 ktons of CO2 eq year for the global warming -1 potential, 239 tons of C2H4 eq year for the potential formation of -1 photochemical oxidants, 30,8 thousand tons of SO2 eq year for the 3-1 acidification potential and 10 thousand tons of PO4 eq year for the eutrophication potential. The dairy farm is the system that largely contributes for the potential in global warming (60%), acidification (81%) and eutrophication (86%). The milk product industry is the system that most contributes for the potential depletion of the abiotic resources (46%) and the formation of photochemical oxidants (52%), whereas the transportation systems only contributes in one impact category, the depletion of abiotic resources, which represents more than 10% of the total potential of the dairy sector in Mainland Portugal. In the dairy farms and industries of UHT milk consumption, the majority of the environmental impacts associated to these systems are due essentially to the activities taken place in the actual system, farm and industry. On the other hand, in the curd cheese production industry this situation is inverted, where only in the categories of acidification and eutrophication the developed activities in the actual industry are the main responsible. The developed activities in the yogurt production industry represent less than 10% of the potential totals in all the impact categories..
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(94) B'' C-,045-*-9-88<,+,0-<4.-9*4,,+X+94:;2.2,74U,-,=.-4921.292<204<4(Y2.4 /4941+4P c ?1872 B -+(2 (+.2= +(4<4194= 2*4(.4 - 8V-<581?2C= 2(.- 71-.2<+(4< /4941+4, 92< <4+, .- #' 945-:4,I8<c?1872B
(95) *-<4(Y4=>14(:4=W*?+94= 1*4(.4-8W9+4C2(.--X-90+/2,92<'4#/494,1-71-,-(04< <4+, .- #] .2 0204* .4, /4941+4,= 92< <4+, .- #] .2 0204* .- /494,= - 8< c ?1872 B,74(Y4= 2108?4*= 0)*+4= 1W9+4=>+(*`(.+4-$8,01+4C2(.-/4941+4,92<<-(2,.-'/494,1-71-,-(04<-<<W.+4"'].20204*.4,/4941+4,. -,04X21<4=W72,,U/-*/-1+X+941T8-4<4+21+4.2,-,08.2,.-
(96) 401),1-X-1-(9+4.2,X214<-*45214.2,7-*2,74U,-, 7-10-(9-(0-,42c?1872=,-(.2T8-,;24+(.472892,2,01454*Y2,.-
(97) .-,-(/2*/+.2,(2,74U,-,+(9*8U.2,(2 c ?1872 -(.2 4,,+<= W 9*412 .-71--(.-1 4 +<7210`(9+4 .2 71-,-(0- -,08.2= 92<2 8< 92(01+5802 1-4* 7414 4 4/4*+4:;2 .2, +<7490-,4<5+-(04+,.2,-9021.2,*490+9U(+2,4(U/-*(49+2(4*=X8(.4<-(04*<-(0-(2T8-1-,7-+04a+(/-(041+4:;2.4 +(X21<4:;24<5+-(04*.2,-9021 . 2>08-4, 25_-90+/2.-,0-01454*Y292(,+,0-(447*+94:;2.4X-114<-(04.-
(98) =.-X21<444/4*+412.-,-<7-(Y24<5+-(04* ?*254*.2,-9021.-*490+9U(+2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*--<92(91-02.4712.8:;2.-*-+0-741492(,8<2 B*014@ Y+?Y0-<7-14081-C=T8-+_29814.2B0+72X*4<-(?2C-*-+0-,X-1<-(04.2,=47410+1.-*-+0-.-/494 ,040-,-0-<92<271+(9+74+,25_-90+/2,-,7-9UX+92,492(,018:;2.-8<454,-.-.4.2,=44/4*+4:;2.292(01+5802.- 94.4 8< .2, 712.802, *)90-2, 7414 4, 940-?21+4, .- +<7490-, 4<5+-(04+, 92(,+.-14.4, - 4 +.-(0+X+94:;2 .4 X4,- .2 9+9*2.-/+.4.-,0-,712.802,T8-471-,-(042,<4+21-,+<7490-,4<5+-(04+,2X+(4*.-,0-01454*Y2=-98<71+.2,-,0-, 25_-90+/2,=471-,-(04<@,-4,,+084:^-,b7129-,,2,91U0+92,42*2(?2.29+9*2.-/+.4.2,712.802,*)90-2,X451+94.2,-< 2108?4*2(0+(-(04*=5-<92<24*?8<4,92(,+.-14:^-,1-*40+/4<-(0-42,X49021-,9Y4/--72,,U/-+,,2*8:^-,74144 <-*Y21+4.2.-,-<7-(Y24<5+-(04*.-,0-,-9021 . ,--./.-0,0 ,0- 01454*Y2 -,0) 21?4(+Z4.2 -< 01S, 7410-, 71+(9+74+,P -(T84.14<-(02= .-,-(/2*/+<-(02 - 92(,+.-14:^-, X+(4+, -(T84.14<-(02=T8-0-<92<225_-90+/2471-,-(0414+.-+44.-,-(/2*/-1-27125*-<441-,2*/-1=4514(?-4.-,91+:;2. @@.
(99)
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(101) 9 '( I
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(103) 7
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(105) L 3.-,91-/--<.-04*Y-4<-02.2*2?+4.-
(106) =+(9*8+(.2421+?-<= 2 X8(.4<-(02= 2, .+X-1-(0-, 25_-90+/2, .- 80+*+Z4:;2= 2, 92<72(-(0-, - 2, 7129-,,2,= 4, /4(04?-(, - .-,/4(04?-(, -= X+(4*<-(0- 92< <4+21 .-04*Y-= 4, -0474, .- -*45214:;2 .- 8< -,08.2 .-
(107) F 04<5W< 471-,-(04.2 2 74(214<4 9+-(0UX+92 .- 80+*+Z4:;2 .4 X-114<-(04 -< .+/-1,2, ,-9021-,= (2<-4.4<-(0-4,8480+*+Z4:;2(2,-9021.-*490+9U(+2,=X8(.4<-(04*<-(0-(481274 .-,-(/2*/+<-(02.4<-02.2*2?+4-(/2*/-4.-,91+:;2.-04*Y4.4.447*+94:;2.4<-02.2*2?+4.-
(108) 42-9021.- 490+9U(+2,-<2108?4*=5-<92<22,1-,8*04.2,.-,,447*+94:;2P ! -+ '(
(109) L !
(110) )
(111) 7
(112) 3 .-,91-/-2,7129-.+<-(02,-X-9084.2,=92<24.-X+(+:;2.225_-90+/2-.2`<5+02.2-,08.2=41-92*Y4 .2, .4.2, .- +(/-(0)1+2= 5-< 92<2 2 <W02.2 80+*+Z4.2 (4 4/4*+4:;2 .2, +<7490-, 4<5+-(04+, 2 X+(4* 471-,-(04<@,-2,1-,8*04.2,T8-1.44()*+,-.-+(/-(0)1+2=T8-1.44/4*+4:;2.2,+<7490-,4<5+-(04+,= -<?-14*=-741494.48<.2,01S,712.802,-<-,08.2 4,92(,+.-14:^-,X+(4+,,;24(4*+,4.2,-.+,980+.2,2,1-,8*04.2,-0-9+.4,4*?8<4,92(,+.-14:^-,-92(9*8,^-,.2 -,08.2P ! & (
(113) @ ,;2 4(4*+,4.2, - .+,980+.2, 2, 1-,8*04.2, - 4 <-02.2*2?+4 4.2704.4 ! %
(114) @ (-,04 6*0+<4 7410- W 4(4*+,4.2 2 7125*-<4 - /-1+X+94.4 4 ,84 1-,2*8:;2= 5-< 92<2298<71+<-(02.2,25_-90+/2,.-X+(+.2,+(+9+4*<-(0-;2471-,-(04.4,4,71+(9+74+,92(9*8,^-,.2 01454*Y2 - +.-(0+X+94.4, - .+,980+.4, 4, *+<+04:^-, .2 <-,<2 92(01+5802 .-,0- 01454*Y2 7414 2 47-1X-+:24<-(02.480+*+Z4:;2.4
(115) 92<2X-114<-(04.-?-,0;24<5+-(04*-<2108?4*=(2<-4.4<-(0- (2,-9021.4+(.6,01+44*+<-(041=-4,7-1,7-90+/4,.-01454*Y2X80812,;204<5W<4(4*+,4.2, . @#@.
(116) .
(117)
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fectivo animal. 3 500. 32 022. Explorações. 3 000. 2 868 25 067 21 761. 20 000. 1 210 7 989. 10 000 5 000. 15 964. 1 512. 15 000. 2 868. 3 990. 2 500. 21 012. 1 995. 10 861. 8 158. 916 631. 686. 367. 302. 0 1. 2. 3a4. 5a9. 10 a 14. 15 a 19. 2 000 1 500. 11 513. 915. 5 228. 17 729. 16 067. 20 a 29. 30 a 39. 40 a 49. 50 a 59. 1 000. N.º explorações. N.º cabeças. 25 000. 500. 443 193. 34. 34. 0. 60 a 99 100 a 199 200 a 299 >= 300. Classes do n.º de bovinos. 1. ,-267/5@0/00A:3.6=0,0/0B08-4.5.3:03.,83.,,0,/05@0/0245,C0#-1.3 5-505-.3. <5214 92< <2.-,04, 4*0-14:^-, 42 *2(?2 .2, 4(2,= (2 ,-(0+.2 .4 +(0-(,+X+94:;2 .4 712.8:;2 *-+0-+14= 92(0+(84 4 -V+,0+18<(6<-12-*-/4.2.--V7*214:^-,92<72892,4(+<4+,=,-(.2T8-<4+,.-#'].4,-V7*214:^-,72,,8+-(01- 4/494,*-+0-+14,=92<2<2,01441. <2108?4*=4<4+21+4.2,4(+<4+,4*294.2,a712.8:;2.-*-+0-,;2.414:4 2*,0-+(@>1U,+4=,4*/294,2,-V9-79+2(4+, .-4(+<4+,.4,14:4,49Y-(4-
(119) 128T8-,4B4<4
(120) =''C. 272(02.-/+,04?-2?1)X+92=-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*=(24(2.-''#=W+<72104(0-1-X-1+1T8-4,1-?+^-,.-(01-. 2812-+(Y2--+14 +0214*.-0S<=(2,-892(_8(02=<4+,.-A'].2(6<-120204*.--V7*214:^-,-V+,0-(0-,B1. = a -,T8-1.4C 21 28012 *4.2= - ,-?8(.2 2, .4.2, .2 B''"C= 4712V+<4.4<-(0- A'] .2 -X-90+/2 *-+0-+12 .- 2108?4*2(0+(-(04*04<5W<,-92(9-(014(-,,4,<-,<4,1-?+^-,=04*92<2W471-,-(04.2(2?1)X+92.41.Ba .+1-+04C . @A@. .
(121)
(122) /4*+4:;2.2+9*2.-+.4.2,12.802, )90-2,>451+94.2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*. Distribuição regional das explorações leiteiras. RO 2,7%. ALE 2,2%. BI 12,8%. EDM 32,2%. BL 38,9%. -;@
(123) *-(0-_2. Distribuição regional do efectivo leiteiro. ALG 0,5%. RO 10,6%. B.3-+14 (0-1+21. B;3-+14 +0214*. ALG 0,2% EDM 45,3%. BI 4,9%. BL 24,6%. TM 10,8%. -;=@
(124) *?41/-. ALE 8,6%. &23(01- 2812-+(Y2. TM 5,8%. $/3 -?+;2-,0-. 6231),@2,@2(0-,. 1. ,-267015.3/.,0A:3.6=0,0/0B08-430-00#-1.3 5-505-.3$ C DD)%. <''#=4.+<-(,;2<W.+4.2-X-90+/2*-+0-+12(4-V7*214:;2X2+.-"=#945-:4,=,-(.2T8-(41-?+;2.-(01- 2812 -+(Y2-(4-+14 +0214*4,-V7*214:^-,471-,-(04<8<4.+<-(,;2.- = -'=945-:4,=1-,7-90+/4<-(0-B = ''"C -*4 4()*+,- .- /4*21-, 4?1-?4.2, .2 (6<-12 .- -V7*214:^-, - (6<-12 .- 4(+<4+,= ,85.+/+.+.2, 721 9*4,,- .- .+<-(,;2471-,-(04.2,7-*2
(125) @B''AC=W72,,U/-*7-19-5-14-/2*8:;2-,0180814*.4712.8:;271+<)1+4(2, 6*0+<2,'4(2,P ¾ 1-.8:;2.-9-194.-!'](2(6<-12.--V7*214:^-,I ¾ 1-.8:;2(2-X-90+/20204*.-"]I ¾ 48<-(0245,2*802(2(6<-12.--V7*214:^-,--X-90+/2(49*4,,-.-.+<-(,;2<4+2128+?84*4"'4(+<4+,I ¾ 1-.8:;2.2(6<-12.--V7*214:^-,-.--X-90+/2.4,9*4,,-,.-.+<-(,;2+(X-1+21-,4 '4(+<4+,I ¾ -*-/4.4 1-.8:;2 1-?+,04.4 (4 9*4,,- .- .+<-(,;2 +(X-1+21 4 ' 4(+<4+,= 98_2 .-91W,9+<2 X2+ .- 4712V+<4.4<-(0-!#]-<(6<-12--X-90+/2
(126) 2(U/-*.4,-V7*214:^-,*-+0-+14,=41--,0180814:;2T8-,-0-</-1+X+94.2(2,6*0+<2,4(2,014.8Z@,-(8<48<-(02.4 .+<-(,;2<W.+4-.-8<4+(0-(,+X+94:;2.4490+/+.4.-48<-(02.-.+<-(,;2W1-,8*04.2.291-,9+<-(02(2-X-90+/2 <W.+2 721 -V7*214:;2 B<4+, #'] -< # 4(2,C= 2 T84* (;2 X2+ 492<74(Y4.2 7-*2 48<-(02 .4 87-1XU9+-
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(131) @=''AC(T84(02T8-2-X-90+/2<W.+2721-V7*214:;2-2 (U/-* .- -(01-?4, 4(84* .- *-+0- 721 -V7*214:;2= -< 2108?4*= 12(.- 4, 945-:4,b-V7*214:;2 - 4, " 02(-*4.4,b-V7*214:;2=1-,7-90+/4<-(0-=(4#-,,-,/4*21-,,;2.-4712V+<4.4<-(0- A945-:4,b-V7*214:;2-4, '02(-*4.4,b-V7*214:;2. @!@.
(132)
(133) /4*+4:;2.2+9*2.-+.4.2,12.802, )90-2,>451+94.2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*.
(134) +(.4 T8- 4 712.8:;2 <W.+4 4(84* 721 -V7*214:;2 ,- -(92(01- 4T8W< .4 <W.+4 .4 #= 4 <4+21 7410- .2 *-+0- W 1-92*Y+.2-<-V7*214:^-,92<8<494749+.4.-.-712.8:;2.-*-+0-,87-1+214#'02(-*4.4,=,-(.2.-,4*+-(041T8- #'].4712.8:;2(49+2(4*WY2_-4,,-?814.472147-(4,'].4,-V7*214:^-,B-,94*;2.-712.8:;249+<4.4, '' 02(-*4.4,C= -,04(.2 -,04, /2949+2(4.4, -V9*8,+/4<-(0-= 28 T84,-= 7414 4 712.8:;2 .- *-+0- 28 ,-_4= 72,,8-< 8<4 21+-(04:;2-92([<+94-,7-9+4*+Z4.4-<52/+(+98*0814.-*-+0-B
(135) @=''AC
(136) <4+217410-.4712.8:;2.-712.802,*)90-2,-<2108?4*B&"]C0-<721<40W1+4@71+<42*-+0-.-/494=74,0-81+Z4.2 28918=,-(.2T8-2,*-+0-,.-2/-*Y4-945141-71-,-(04<47-(4,].4<40W1+4@71+<48,4.4-4,(404,92(01+58-< 92<=!]2128012*4.2=-<''#=4712.8:;2.-T8-+_2.-/4941-71-,-(0289-194.-A"].4712.8:;2?*254*.- T8-+_2-<2108?4*=,-(.2T8-4712.8:;2.-T8-+_2,.-2/-*Y4-.-945141-71-,-(0414<]-]=1-,7-90+/4<-(0-= .-,,4712.8:;2=,-(.2T8-2,T8-+_2,.-.-(2<+(4:;2.-21+?-<7120-?+.4B C1-71-,-(04<49084*<-(0-9-194.- !].4712.8:;2.-T8-+_2.-7-T8-(2,18<+(4(0-,B
(137) @=''AC
(138) -/2*8:;2.4T84(0+.4.-.-*-+0-.-/494 712.8Z+.24(84*<-(0--<2108?4*(2,6*0+<2,4(2,W471-,-(04.4(41.' . 2.000.000. RAA. 1.750.000 511.589. 507.806. 525.508. 517.530. 509.309. RAM. 529.873. ALG. Toneladas de leite. 1.500.000. ALE. 1.250.000. RO 1.000.000 750.000. 273.170. 285.963. 283.037. 269.379. 272.504. 263.054. BI ToM. 500.000 623.513. 609.901. 658.030. 669.350. 632.088. BL. 677.419. 250.000 EDM 0 00/01. 01/02. 02/03. 03/04. 04/05. 05/06. . Ano. -;@. -;=@. B.3-+14. B;3-+14. &23(01-. $--3 -?+;2
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(150) 2(U/-*.4712.8:;2=W.-,4*+-(0414-/2*8:;2(2,*-+0-,X-1<-(04.2,4,,8<+(.2@,- 92<2271+(9+74*712.80242(U/-*.2/4*21.4,/-(.4,41-04*Y2=2(.-4T8204.-<-194.2.2,712.802, +<72104.2, 4,,8<--,7-9+4*1-*-/`(9+4B
(151) @=''AC2?1)X+92.41.&,;2471-,-(04.4,4,T84(0+.4.-,.-94.48< .2,71+(9+74+,712.802,*)90-2,712.8Z+.2,-<2108?4*=(24(2.-''#. @&@.
(152)
(153) /4*+4:;2.2+9*2.-+.4.2,12.802, )90-2,>451+94.2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*. Leite Outros produtos em pó; 1% frescos (inclui leitelho); 2%. Manteiga; 2% Queijo; 5%. Bebidas à base de leite; 5%. Leite de consumo; 72%. Iogurtes e outros leites acidificados; 8% Natas para consumo; 1%. 1.&#/-,38-0,:/?/,/.5-0 DD&C0#-1.3$ C DD.%. 2,-9021.2,*490+9U(+2,-V+,0-<.2+,?14(.-,?1872,.-8(+.4.-,712.80+/4,B
(154) R
(155) =''ACP4,8(+.4.-, .- ?14(.- .+<-(,;2= T8- 27-14< (4 014(,X21<4:;2 .- *-+0- - 712.802, *)90-2,= - 4, 8(+.4.-, .- <-(21 .+<-(,;2= X8(.4<-(04*<-(0- 4X-904, a 712.8:;2 .- T8-+_2 014.+9+2(4* 2 ,85,-9021 .2, T8-+_2,= - a ,-<-*Y4(:4 .2 T8- ,- /-1+X+94 42 (U/-* .4 712.8:;2 71+<)1+4= 4 +(.6,01+4 .- 014(,X21<4:;2 -(92(014@,- <8+02 78*/-1+Z4.4= 92-V+,0+(.2 -<71-,4,.-?14(.-.+<-(,;24741.-8<?14(.-(6<-12.--<71-,4,.-7-T8-(4.+<-(,;2B
(156) R
(157) = ''AC
(158) ,8(+.4.-,.-?14(.-.+<-(,;2.-014(,X21<4:;2.-*-+0--712.802,*)90-2,80+*+Z4<(27129-,,2.-014(,X21<4:;2 9-194 .- !"] .2 *-+0- *45214.2 (2 ,-9021 .2, *490+9U(+2,= <4, 1-71-,-(04< 47-(4, 9-194 .- #] .4, 8(+.4.-, 712.80+/4, B
(159) @= ''AC 2 ,85@,-9021 .2 T8-+_2 712*+X-14 8< (6<-12 <8+02 ,+?(+X+940+/2 .- -<71-,4, .- <W.+4b7-T8-(4 .+<-(,;2 B712.8:;2 <W.+4 4(84* .- =" 02(-*4.4,C= <8+04, .4, T84+, ,- -(92(014< 4X-904, a 712.8:;2.-T8-+_2,.-7-T8-(2,18<+(4(0-,92<.-(2<+(4:;2.-21+?-<=-<5214,-<?14(.-1-71-,-(040+/+.4.-(2 0204*.4712.8:;2
(160) 2 (U/-* .2 92(,8<2= 2108?4* 471-,-(04 947+04:^-, <8+02 +(X-1+21-, a 947+04:;2 <W.+4 .4 (+;2 8127-+4 7414 2 92(,8<2.-<4(0-+?4-T8-+_2=-/4*21-,<8+0271[V+<2,74142,712.802,X1-,92,B*-+0-,X-1<-(04.2,C-*-+0-*UT8+.2 92(,8<20-<-/2*8U.272,+0+/4<-(0-(2,712.802,X1-,92,0-(.2(2-(04(02-,04?(4.2(2,6*0+<2,4(2,74142*-+0--2 T8-+_2 .+X-1-(9+4* 25,-1/4.2 (4, 947+04:^-, .- T8-+_2 - <4(0-+?4 1-,8*04 -,,-(9+4*<-(0- .- Y)5+02, 4*+<-(041-, B
(161) @=''AC -?8(.22 B''A5C=292(,8<2<W.+24(84*!
(162) ! .-*-+0--712.802,*)90-2,B-V9-702<4(0-+?4C=0-/--(01-2, T8+(T8W(+2,&!'@!-&&&@' 8<?14(.-48<-(02B<4+,"]C=92<4947+04:;24(84*4,85+1.-A"d?7414#d? *-+0-=92<8<4947+04:;2<W.+44(84*.-!&d?(2T8+(T8W(+2&&&@' =W2712.802<4+,+<72104(0-.-,0-?1872=<4,2 ,-87-,21-*40+/2.+<+(8+8.-!"=]7414A= ]=-(01-&!'@!-&&&@' =-<1-,8*04.2.248<-(02.-92(,8<2.- 28012,712.802,*)90-2,=(2<-4.4<-(0-+2?810-,-28012,*-+0-,49+.+X+94.2,=T8-,85+14<4,84+<7210`(9+41-*40+/4.- = ]7414=]B1.)CB =''A5C . @'@.
(163)
(164) /4*+4:;2.2+9*2.-+.4.2,12.802, )90-2,>451+94.2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*. 100 90 80. 86,4 1980-84. 71,3. 1999-03. 70. %. 60 50 40 30 20. 12,1. 10. 6. 3,3. 7,9. 4,3. 8,7. 0 Leite. Leites fermentados. Queijo. Leite em pó e outros produtos lácteos. Produtos. . 1.) 0-00:/-,38-0,E0:0,05-.-4/./0/.8.:-.672-..5.3$ C DD2%. 2T8-1-,7-+0442(U/-*.-4802@454,0-9+<-(02=2108?4*-(92(014@,-49084*<-(0-<8+0271[V+<2.2-T8+*U51+2-(01-4 712.8:;2 - 2 92(,8<2 -< -T8+/4*-(0-,@*-+0- B92-X+9+-(0- 47*+94.2 42, 712.802, *)90-2, .- <2.2 4 72.-1 92<74141 T84(0+.4.-, .- 712.802, .+,0+(02, T8- ,;2 1-.8Z+.2, a <-,<4 8(+.4.- .- <-.+.4C B
(165) @= ''AC 2108?4* 1-?+,048<?148.-4802@,8X+9+S(9+4,87-1+214''](4,5-5+.4,a54,-.-*-+0--(4T84,-?-(-14*+.4.-.2,712.802, 92< <-(21 ?148 .- .+X-1-(9+4:;2b/4*21 491-,9-(04.2= 04+, 92<2 2 *-+0- .- 92(,8<2 B'A]C -= -< 7410+98*41= (4 <4(0-+?4B ']C-(2*-+0--<7[?21.2B#']C2(0141+4<-(0-=2(U/-*.-4802@,8X+9+S(9+4(2,712.802,.-4*02/4*21 491-,9-(04.2 471-,-(04 /4*21-, +(X-1+21-, BA!] (2 T8-+_2 - # ] (2, *-+0-, X-1<-(04.2,C= 2 T8- +(X*8-(9+4 .-9+,+/4<-(0-292<72104<-(02.454*4(:492<-19+4*B
(166) @=''AC
(167) ,74(Y44X+?814@,-92<2,-(.2471+(9+74*21+?-<.4T84,-?-(-14*+.4.-.2*-+0--712.802,*)90-2,-(014.2,-< 2108?4*= ,-(.2 .- .-,04941 2 7-,2 .4
(168) *-<4(Y4 - .4 >14(:4 (2, T8-+_2, - 4 *+.-14(:4 .4 W*?+94 (2 94,2 .4 <4(0-+?4 -,04X21<4=4,74(Y44,,8<-@,-92<271+(9+74*7419-+1292<-19+4*=1-71-,-(04(.29-194.-#'].2/4*21 0204*.4,01294,B"#].4,,4U.4,-#'].4,-(014.4,C2(,+.-14(.24+(.4T8-9-194.-'].4712.8:;2(49+2(4*.- *-+0--(404-<(4081-Z40-<92<2.-,0+(22<-194.2-V0-1(2-T8-2/4*21.-,04,,4U.4,0204*+Z49-194.-##].20204* .2,-9021=7-1<+0-49-(08414X210-.-7-(.S(9+4.2<-194.2-,74(Y2*B
(169) @=''AC . 0,0:05F.205-.3/.,0A:3.6=0,30-0.,
(170) , 490+/+.4.-, 7-98)1+4, 72.-< 471-,-(041 +<7490-, 4<5+-(04+, ,+?(+X+940+/2, 42 (U/-* .4 72*8+:;2 .4 )?84= ,2*2 - 40<2,X-14
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`(-4,-,87-1X+9+4+,BK+0
(172) =''C,04, -<+,,^-,,;21-,72(,)/-+,7-*248<-(02.27129-,,2.--8012X+Z4:;2.2,-92,,+,0-<4,=,-(.2T8-4-<+,,^-,.2,. @@.
(173)
(174) /4*+4:;2.2+9*2.-+.4.2,12.802, )90-2,>451+94.2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*. ?4,-, 92< -X-+02 .- -,08X4 B = - C 92(01+58-< 7414 2, X-([<-(2, 40<2,XW1+92, 1-*49+2(4.2, 92< 4, 4*0-14:^-,9*+<)0+94,-92<248<-(02.24T8-9+<-(02?*254* ,2*2W4X-904.27-*4 92(04<+(4:;2b498<8*4:;2.- (801+-(0-,47*+94.2,-7-*4-12,;2.-/+.2a,84<25+*+Z4:;2B8127-4(2<<+,,+2(='''C , .-_-902, ,[*+.2, - *UT8+.2, 712.8Z+.2, (4, -V7*214:^-, .- ?4.2 *-+0-+12 471-,-(04<= -< <4+21-, 28 <-(21-, T84(0+.4.-,= 02.2, 2, (801+-(0-, <+(-14+, (-9-,,)1+2, 7414 2 91-,9+<-(02 - .-,-(/2*/+<-(02 .4, 7*4(04,= (2<-4.4<-(0-= 2, <4912(801+-(0-, 71+<)1+2, B= - NC= 92(0-(.2 04<5W< T84(0+.4.-, ,+?(+X+940+/4, .- <40W1+4 21?`(+94T8-=T84(.2+(9217214.4(2,2*2X4Z48<-(0414,84X-10+*+.4.-2-(04(02=4941?421?`(+94-2-*-/4.20-21 .- (801+-(0-, 4,,29+4.2 4 -,0-, 1-,U.82,= 4 -<+,,;2 .- ?4,-, 712/-(+-(0-, .4, 27-14:^-, 4,,29+4.4, 42 <4(8,-4<-(02-4,-*-/4.4,04V4,.-47*+94:;242,2*272.-<92(.8Z+14?14/-,7125*-<4,74142<-+24<5+-(0-- 74144,46.-B2,04
(175) =''C . 5,/0.305-, 0-1<24*+<-(02=-<?-14*=W,+([(+<2.-4*+<-(02(40814*-X2114?-(,<4,=(-,0-94,2-<7410+98*41=0-<8<,-(0+.2 <4+, 4<7*2= 72+, -(?*254 02.4, 4T8-*4, ,85,0`(9+4, .-,712/+.4, .- 02V+.4.- T8- 72.-< ,-1 +(9*8U.4, (4, .+-04, 4*+<-(041-, .-/+.2 a, ,84, 71271+-.4.-, (801+0+/4,
(176) ,,+<= 92<71--(.- (;2 ,[ 2, 712.802, /-?-04+, - 4(+<4+,= 2, ,85712.802, 71-7414.2, 721 -*-,= <4, 04<5W< 4, ,85,0`(9+4, (801+0+/4, 7814,= ,+(0-0+Z4.4, T8+<+94<-(0- 28 712.8Z+.4, 721 T84*T8-1 28012 7129-,,2 B2154= ,.C
(177) 71+<-+14 .+/+,;2 9*4,,+X+940+/4 .2, 4*+<-(02, 54,-28@,- (2 /2*8<--W471-,-(04.4(4 .203. .203. 3.,,B8.67/,.305-,:...5.,2.,0./.5430$2.C,/%. .105,$.305-, 43,,%. -
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(212)
(213) /4*+4:;2.2+9*2.-+.4.2,12.802, )90-2,>451+94.2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*.
(214) .+-044*+<-(041.4,/494,-<*4904:;2W92<72,04721X2114?-(,-,87*-<-(02,-(-1?W0+92,=<+(-14+,-/+04<U(+92,= ,-(.2T8-2,.2+,71+<-+12,92<72(-(0-,471-,-(04<=92<271+(9+74*X+(4*+.4.-=2X21(-9+<-(02.-7120-U(4--(-1?+4 ,84*<-(0-=4,X2114?-(,,;24X2(0-<4+,541404.-(801+-(0-,=X4Z-(.292<T8-4<4V+<+Z4:;2.-,-892(,8<2,-_4 4*04<-(0-.-,-_4.4B*+/-+14=''#C ,4*+<-(02,/2*8<2,2,28X2114?-+12,=04+, 92<274,04?-(,=X-(2,-,+*4?-(,B.-<+*Y2=.--1/42828012,C92(0S< 4*02, 0-21-, .- X+514, - 54+V4 -(-1?+4= -(T84(02 T8- 2, ,87*-<-(02, -(-1?W0+92, 28 92(9-(014.2, 471-,-(04< 54+V4 X+514-4*04-(-1?+4=,-(.2T8-480+*+Z4:;2.-4*+<-(02,.+X-1-(0-,1-T8-140-(:;2a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
(215) *W<.+,,2=4.+?-,0;2.4X+514W<-(2, -V0-(,4-<4+,*-(04T8-4.2,Y+.1402,.-94152(2284:6941-,(;2X+512,2,=2T8-1-,8*04-<<-(21.+,72(+5+*+.4.- .- -(-1?+4 -,,4 X21<4= -V+,0-< .84, 4*0-1(40+/4, 7414 T8- 4 +(?-,0;2 .2 4*+<-(02 40-(.4 a, 4*04, (-9-,,+.4.-, -(-1?W0+94,.4/494(2 +(U9+2.4*4904:;2P2X21(-9+<-(02.-4*+<-(02,92(9-(014.2,284<-*Y21+4(4T84*+.4.-.2 4*+<-(02 /2*8<2,2 4,2 -,0- 0-(Y4 4*04 T84*+.4.-= 72.-@,- 250-1 4 <-,<4 712.8:;2 .- *-+0- 80+*+Z4(.2 <-(21-, T84(0+.4.-,.-92(9-(014.2B*+/-+14=''#C 4*Y4,= X-(2, 92*Y+.2, 041.+4<-(0- - 74,04?-(, ,-94, ,;2 -V-<7*2, .- 4*+<-(02, /2*8<2,2, .- 54+V4 T84*+.4.-= 721T8- 92< 2 4/4(:2 .4 <4081+.4.-= 2, 0-21-, .- 7120-U(4 - -(-1?+4 .+<+(8-< - 2, 0-21-, .- X+514 48<-(04< G <-.+.4 T8- 2, 0-21-, .- X+514 48<-(04< 29211- 04<5W< 2 48<-(02 (2 92(0-6.2 .- *-(Y+(4 BX149:;2 .- 54+V4 .+?-,0+5+*+.4.-C71-,-(0-(47*4(04=2T8-.+<+(8+4.+?-,0;2.4X+514=1-.8Z+(.24+(.4<4+,4.+,72(+5+*+.4.--(-1?W0+94 414T8-,-250-(Y4<-*-/4.2,(U/-+,.-712.8:;2.-*-+0-92<-,0-,4*+<-(02,2,+,0-<40-1)T8-80+*+Z41?14(.-, T84(0+.4.-,.-92(9-(014.2=2T8-72.-+(/+45+*+Z)@*2-92(2<+94<-(0-B*+/-+14=''#C 21-,04,14Z^-,=(;2-V+,0-8<74.1;2<W.+2.4+(?-,0;2.+)1+4.2,.+X-1-(0-,0+72,.-4*+<-(02,21W<=,-?8(.22, .4.2, .- +(T8W1+02, -X-9084.2, 721 -+0;2
(216) B''C 4 4*?8<4, -V7*214:^-, (4, 1-?+^-, .2 (01- 2812 - +(Y2 B C-.4-+14 +0214*B C=1-?+^-,92<?14(.-1-71-,-(040+/+.4.-(49+2(4*T8-142(U/-*.2-X-90+/2=.2(6<-12.- -V7*214:^-,28.4T84(0+.4.-.-*-+0--(01-?8-=274.1;2.4+(?-,0;2<W.+4.+)1+4.-4*+<-(02,(-,04, 1-?+^-,=721 945-:4(21<4*BC=W.-4 d?.-,+*4?-<.-<+*Y2=4 d?.-X-(2=!-'d?,+*4?-<.--1/4-.-4"d? 4*+<-(02, 92(9-(014.2, 92<72,02, , /4*21-, <W.+2, .- 92(,8<2 .- 4*+<-(02, (4, 1-?+^-, - ,;2 471-,-(04.2, (4 .203. = 2(.- 04<5W< ,- 471-,-(04< 2, .4.2, <W.+2, .- +(?-,0;2 .- 4*+<-(02,= 1-92*Y+.2, -< .84,-V7*214:^-,.44*+Z4B 2,7+.2
(217) ='' C. . @ @.
(218)
(219) /4*+4:;2.2+9*2.-+.4.2,12.802, )90-2,>451+94.2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*. .203. 5,G//0.305-,:4.8.,30-0.,0#-1.3$ "0 %00,:.5F.$.3?.% 5-0. -+0;2
(220) = ''.
(221) 305-, +*4?-<.-<+*Y2 >-(2 +*4?-<.--1/4
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(224) = '' .
(225) 305-, +*4?-<.-<+*Y2 8Z-1(4 +*4?-<.--1/4
(226) *+<-(02,92(9-(014.2,
(227) .+0+/2
(228) . 5,5.,01=0,/0 "0 C#-1.3$ DDD% I1 J.5J I1 J30-0 K !=# = ! #= &=# '=# =A !#=' '=## =A !#=' '= A= #=' = & ''=' 5,5.017/..3?.C,:.5F.$ DDDJ DD % I1 J.5J I1 J30-0 K '= A != '=' A= ;2.+,72(U/-* '= =! '= & &=" '=' '=! @ = ' ''='. -*44()*+,-.2,.4.2,T8-92(,04<.4 .203.72.-4X+1<41@,-T8-(44*+Z44T84(0+.4.-.-4*+<-(02+(?-1+.2721 8(+.4.-.-*-+0-712.8Z+.4W4712V+<4.4<-(0-<-04.-.-,,4<-,<4T84(0+.4.-(4,1-?+^-,72108?8-,4,.- - 2-(04(02=4,.84,-V7*214:^-,4(4*+,4.4,721 2,7+.2
(229) B'' C471-,-(04<712.8:^-,<W.+4,.-*-+0-.- & '&-&&# 4(+<4*@4(2@=-(T84(02T8-4,-V7*214:^-,4(4*+,4.4,-<2108?4*721 -+0;2
(230) B''C471-,-(04< 712.8:^-,<W.+4,.-*-+0-.-#&#' 4(+<4*@4(2@=28,-_49-194.-<-04.-
(231) ,,+<=W72,,U/-*7-19-5-1T8--<52144 T84(0+.4.- .- 4*+<-(02, +(?-1+.4 721 94.4 /494 *-+0-+14 ,-_4 +.S(0+94 (4 4*+Z4 - (4, 1-?+^-, .- - = 4, -V7*214:^-,4(4*+,4.4,(44*+Z4471-,-(04<8<4712.80+/+.4.-*-+0-+14<8+02,87-1+21=9-194.- !]=a,-V7*214:^-, 72108?8-,4, . 5,/00501. 2,7+.2
(232) B'' C1-X-1-T8-T84,-8<0-1:2.292(,8<20204*.--(-1?+4-*W901+94(8<4-V7*214:;2*-+0-+14.-/-@,- 42 ,+,0-<4 .- 21.-(Y4 -(T84(02 2, 28012, .2+, 0-1:2, 9211-,72(.-< 42, .+,72,+0+/2, .- 52<54?-<= +*8<+(4:;2= <4(80-(:;2-1-X1+?-14:;292(,8<2.--(-1?+4-*W901+94-,0)72104(02.-7-(.-(0-.20+72=.40-9(2*2?+4-.4+.4.- .2-T8+74<-(02.-21.-(Y4-.-92(,-1/4:;2.2*-+0-918 21W<= 92(/W< 1-X-1+1 T8- 2 7129-,,2 4,,29+4.2 a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b.+<-(,;2.4-V7*214:;2=5-<92<2 .21-(.+<-(02.4,98*0814,84(.24,98*0814,X2114?-+14,-2,1-,04(0-,4*+<-(02,T8-92<7^-<4.+-044(+<4*,;2. @@.
(233)
(234) /4*+4:;2.2+9*2.-+.4.2,12.802, )90-2,>451+94.2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*. 712.8Z+.2, X214 .4 -V7*214:;2 *-+0-+14= -(0;2 2, 014(,7210-, 4,,29+4.2, 5-< 92<2 4 -(-1?+4 (-9-,,)1+4 B-*W901+94 - 0W1<+94C42,-87129-,,4<-(02,;204<5W<1-,72(,)/-+,7-*292(,8<2.-92<58,0U/-+,X[,,-+, 8014T8-,0;21-*-/4(0-W4.+X-1-(:4-(01-4,(-9-,,+.4.-,-(-1?W0+94,/-1+X+94.4(2,.+X-1-(0-,0+72,.-,+,0-<4,= 72+, -< ,+,0-<4, 4*04<-(0- +(0-(,+/2, /-1+X+94<@,- 92(,8<2, <4+, -*-/4.2, .- -(-1?+4 .2 T8- (2, ,+,0-<4, -V0-(,+/2,B8127-4(2<<+,,+2(='''C . (1.,0,/.,00,9/,
(235) +(0-(,+X+94:;2.4,-V7*214:^-,-(/2*/-248<-(02.480+*+Z4:;2.-X-10+*+Z4(0-,+(21?`(+92,=.-4.+0+/2,4*+<-(041-,= 5-< 92<2 4 47*+94:;2 <4+, 92(9-(014.4 .- 1-,U.82, 92<2 2 -,018<- 414 4*W< .+,,2= 2 (U/-* .- 47*+94:;2 .- X-10+*+Z4(0-, - -,018<-, W ?-14*<-(0- <4+21 .2 T8- 4, (-9-,,+.4.-, .4, 98*0814, 28 .4 94749+.4.- .2 ,2*2 7414 4, 1-0-1-2,(801+-(0-,X21-<,2*6/-+,(4)?8428<[/-+,92<224Z202=720),,+2284*?8<4,X21<4,.-X2,X402,=,;2 .1-(4.2, 7414 2 4<5+-(0- 92<2 72*8-(0-,= -(T84(02 T8- -*-<-(02, - 92<72,02, 1-*40+/4<-(0- +<[/-+,= 92<2 2 X2,X402+(,2*6/-*=7-1<4(-9-<(2,2*24*0-14(.24,84(4081-Z4-,,-(9+4*B8127-4(2<<+,,+2(='''C , 9+9*2, .2, (801+-(0-, ,;2 +(X*8-(9+4.2, 7-*4, 941490-1U,0+94, .4 -V7*214:;2= 2 1-?+<- 4*+<-(041= 712.8:;2 .- 4*+<-(02,-X2114?-(,=41<4Z-(4?-<-47*+94:;2.2,9Y218<-,,71+(9+74+,(801+-(0-,,;224Z202BC=2X[,X212BC- 2 720),,+2 BNC= ,-(.2 *+5-104.2, 7414 4 40<2,X-14 - 2 ,2*2 -< .+X-1-(0-, *294+, .4 -V7*214:;2P 4 7410+1 .2 4(+<4* B/2*40+*+Z4:;2 .4 C= 4 7410+1 .- 41<4Z-(4<-(02 .2 9Y218<- B*+V+/+4:;2 - -,9211S(9+4, .- = N= HC - .2 ,-8 -,74*Y4<-(02B/2*40+*+Z4:;2.- --,9211S(9+4,.-,87-1XU9+-.-==NC-47410+1.2,2*280+*+Z4.274144712.8:;2 .-4*+<-(02,-X2114?-(,B.-,(+01+X+94:;2.2-*+V+/+4:;2.- -CB2,R.-K+0=&&"C
(236) , T84(0+.4.-, 0204+, .- - /-+98*4.4, (2, 1-,U.82, 712.8Z+.2, 7-*2 ,-9021 .2 ?4.2 *-+0-+12 -< 2108?4* ,;2= 1-,7-90+/4<-(0-=A#- '02(.+4@B+98.2-
(237) *58T8-1T8-=&&#C
(238) ,-V7*214:^-,.-52/+(2,7414712.8:;2.-*-+0-712.8Z-<=-,,-(9+4*<-(0-=T840120+72,.-1-,U.82,P2,9Y218<-,- -,018<-,=4,)?84,,8_4,-4,)?84,*+V+/+4(0-,
(239) ,941490-1U,0+94,.-,0-,1-,U.82,.-7-(.-<.20+72.-4(+<4*-.- +(,04*4:;2=.21-?+<-4*+<-(041-.20+72.-<4(-+24(+<4*B -+0;2
(240) =''C ,9Y218<-,,;292(,0+08U.2,7218<4<+,0814.-X-Z-,=81+(4-)?84=92<7-T8-(4,T84(0+.4.-,.-<40-1+4*80+*+Z4.2 4 94<4 .2, 4(+<4+, - 1-,02, .4 4*+<-(04:;2 B2 0-21 .- 1-,U.82 ,-92 72.- /41+41 -(01- - #] B4(02,= &&#CC -,018<-W92(,0+08U.27-*2,.-_-902,.2,4(+<4+,-T84(0+.4.-,,+?(+X+940+/4,.-<40-1+4*80+*+Z4.2(494<4.2,4(+<4+,= 92< 8< 0-21 .- 1-,U.82 ,-92 T8- /41+4 (21<4*<-(0- -(01- # - ']
(241) , 941490-1U,0+94, XU,+94, .-,0-, 1-,U.82, .-7-(.-<=.-8<4<4(-+14?-14*=.20+72.-+(,04*4:;2=.2<4(-+2-+.4.-.24(+<4*=.20+72.-<40-1+4*80+*+Z4.2(4 94<4 .2, 4(+<4+,= .2 7129-,,2 .- *+<7-Z4 .2, 74/+*Y^-, B4114,04<-(02 Y+.1)8*+92= <4(84* 28 <-9`(+92C= .4 T84(0+.4.-.-)?8480+*+Z4.4(4,27-14:^-,.-*4/4?-<-.4,-94?-<-<<4+2128<-(21-V0-(,;2.4X149:;2,[*+.4 B+98.2=&&&C
(242) T84(0+X+94:;21+?212,4.2,1-,U.82,712.8Z+.2,7-*4,/494,*-+0-+14,=-<-,04.25180228.+*8U.2=021(4@,-.+XU9+*.-/+.2 42,/)1+2,X49021-,T8-+(0-1/S<(27129-,,2712.80+/221W<=/)1+2,48021-,471-,-(04</4*21-,<W.+2,B .203.'C= 0-(.2,-<71--<40-(:;24?14(.-/41+4:;225,-1/4.4(4,,84,941490-1U,0+94,B .203.&C. @#@.
(243)
(244) /4*+4:;2.2+9*2.-+.4.2,12.802, )90-2,>451+94.2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*. .203.'L.5-/./0G/./0/0>08-,$5.0B0?0,%:/?/,:245,30-0,$ 0-7C DDH56.340,C DD&% ..8-09,-8.,/.5.3. 0>08-,$ .5.3J/.J%. 5-0 2-Y1B&!C +9Y2*,2(B&&C +98.2B&&&C
(245) B&&C. #A. .
(246) P2/+*Y4*-+0-+14=#@<-,-,. #A@''. .
(247) 1494*-+0-+14=e<-,-,. =". 7
(248) 1494*-+0-+14=#''d?. .203.& ..8-09,-8.,/,/0>08-,$5.0B0?0,%10./,/..05-0:.4.8.30-0.C0:-./,M.-G.B0,8. $56.340,C DD&% . ".-G.1;58.. L. &. . # &. N . 03.67 O. = '. =#. '=!'. '= . '='A. '=". '. .30,.:A./, $I1/.J&DDI1J:0,44%. 5-0
(249) B&&C. ,1-,U.82,.4,-V7*214:^-,.-52/+(2,72.-<,-180+*+Z4.2,X4/214/-*<-(0-(4T84,-0204*+.4.-.2,,2*2,.20-11+0[1+2 92(0+(-(04*=2(.-,-0-</-1+X+94.28<4.-?14.4:;2=-<4*?8(,94,2,49-(084.4=.2,(U/-+,.-<40W1+421?`(+942, 9)*98*2,.-X-10+*+Z4:;2=54,-4.4(447*+94:;242,2*2.-9Y218<-=-,018<---X*8-(0-,01404.2,=W-,,-(9+4*.+,0+(?8+14 X149:;2<+(-14*.2,(801+-(0-,T8-,--(92(014<+<-.+404<-(0-.+,72(U/-+,74144,7*4(04,=.4X149:;2T8-(-9-,,+04 .- ,2X1-1 8<4 <+(-14*+Z4:;2 71W/+4 .- <2.2 4 72.-1 ,-1 80+*+Z4.4 BX149:;2 21?`(+94C
(250) ,2<4 .-,04, .84, X149:^-, 9211-,72(.-aT84(0+.4.-0204*.2(801+-(0-T8-W/-+98*4.47-*2,-X*8-(0-,.--V7*214:^-,.-?4.2*-+0-+12B -+0;2
(251) . =''C
(252) 47*+94:;2.-1-,U.82,712/-(+-(0-,.4490+/+.4.- 7-98)1+4.-/-=-(01-04(02=,-112.-4.2.-4*?8(,98+.4.2,=8<4 /-ZT8-4,8480+*+Z4:;2-V9-,,+/472.-92(.8Z+1a.-?14.4:;2.2,,2*2,4?1U92*4,-21+?+(417125*-<4,.-72*8+:;2.- )?84,,87-1X+9+4+,-,850-11`(-4,
(253) ,)?84,,8_4,1-,8*04<=71+(9+74*<-(0-=.4,27-14:^-,.-*4/4?-<.4,,4*4,.-21.-(Y4-)1-4,4._49-(0-,-=4+(.4= .4)?84.4,9Y8/4,92<2,.-_-902,(2,741T8-,.-,925-102,B0-21.-<40W1+4,-94.-'=4 =']C
(254) T84(0+.4.-.- )?84, ,8_4, 712.8Z+.4, (8<4 -V7*214:;2 W X8(:;2= 71+(9+74*<-(0- .2, (U/-+, .- 71-9+7+04:;2 - .2 1-?+<- - 0+72 .- *4/4?-<80+*+Z4.2,(4,,4*4,.-21.-(Y4-(2,741T8-,B -+0;2
(255) =''C
(256) T84(0+.4.-.-)?8480+*+Z4.4(4,,4*4, .-21.-(Y4/41+4-(01--# 4(+<4*@.+4@=7414,+,0-<4,.-*4/4?-<92<-,-<71-,,;2B+98.2- +5-+12=&&"C ,/4*21-,.441S(9+4+2T8U<+94-<V+?W(+2BC-.-(801+-(0-,(4,)?84,,8_4,,;2<8+02/41+)/-+,=<4,2,-8 720-(9+4* .- 72*8+:;2 W .- 9-194 .- 4 # /-Z-, ,87-1+21 42 .4, )?84, 1-,+.84+, 8154(4, 0-21 .- .-0-1?-(0-, - 71+(9+74*<-(0-.-.-,+(X-904(0-,72.-1)948,414*?8(,7125*-<4,(4,8472,,U/-*47*+94:;242 ,2*2=5-<92<2(2, 7129-,,2,92(/-(9+2(4+,.-01404<-(02B -+0;2
(257) =''C
(258) 7-,41.2/4*21X-10+*+Z4(0-.4,)?84,,8_4,,-1,+?(+X+940+/4<-(0-+(X-1+2142.2,9Y218<-,--,018<-,=72.-<04<5W< ,-180+*+Z4.2,92</4(04?-(,=(4+11+?4:;2.-98*0814,/2*8<-447*+941=04*92<274142,9Y218<-,=.-/-,-1+(X-1+21 4#'< Y4@=.-<2.24-/+0417125*-<4,.-72*8+:;2
(259) ,)?84, ,8_4,72.-<,-147*+94.4,4014/W,.480+*+Z4:;2.- 9+,0-1(4, 401-*4.4, 4 0149021-, 28= T84(.2 2, 94<72, 4?1U92*4, ,- -(92(0141-< 4 8<4 .+,0`(9+4 .- 40W #'' < .4 -V7*214:;2=4014/W,.-,+,0-<4,.-+11+?4:;292<54+V4,04V4,.-47*+94:;2B -+0;2
(260) =''C. @"@.
(261)
(262) /4*+4:;2.2+9*2.-+.4.2,12.802, )90-2,>451+94.2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*.
(263) ,)?84,*+V+/+4(0-,.2,,+*2,1-,8*04<.2,7129-,,2,.-X-1<-(04:;2T8-29211-<.814(0-4-(,+*4?-<.-X2114?-(, B -+0;2
(264) =''C/2*8<-.-)?84,*+V+/+4(0-,712.8Z+.4,(8<4-V7*214:;2-,0).+1-904<-(0-1-*49+2(4.292<2 0-21.-Y8<+.4.-.2<40-1+4*-(,+*4.2
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
(266) =''C ,-*-/4.2,0-21-,.-<40W1+421?`(+94,2*6/-*B#4 '?# @C-.-B-(01-4 ? @C(4,)?84,*+V+/+4(0-, 72.-<,-192(/-(+-(0-<-(0-4712/-+04.2,(4X-10+*+Z4:;2149+2(4*.2,2*2,0-,-X*8-(0-,.-/-<,-1.+*8U.2,92<+?84* /2*8<-.-)?84=4(0-,.-,-1-<47*+94.2,42,2*2=(;2,-(.292(/-(+-(0-47*+941<4+,T8- '4'< Y4@.--X*8-(0- .+*8U.2=.-94.4/-Z
(267) *0-1(40+/4<-(0-=47-,41.2,-81-.8Z+.2/4*21(801+0+/2=4,)?84,*+V+/+4(0-,72.-<,-180+*+Z4.4, 92<292<7*-<-(02(44*+<-(04:;24(+<4*B400-1,2(R0--(=&&I
(268) =&&AC . ' ,,=0,.-,BG8., +<74902.4,-V7*214:^-, *-+0-+14,(440<2,X-14-,0)1-*49+2(4.292<27129-,,2.-.-,(+01+X+94:;2- 92(,-T8-(0- -<+,,;2.-=92<4712.8:;2.- =92<4/2*40+*+Z4:;2.- -92<4-<+,,;2.-B4,,29+4.24292(,8<2 .--(-1?+4C=92<72,02,?4,2,2,-,0-,T8-72.-<,-1,8,9-70U/-+,.-,-192(012*4.2,(4X2(0-B8127-4(2<<+,,+2(= '''C
(269) , -<+,,^-, .- 29211-< .814(0- 4 41<4Z-(4?-< .2, 9Y218<-, - .814(0- 4 ,84 47*+94:;2 (4, 98*0814, - 74,04?-(,
(270) ,-<+,,^-,.-4<[(+447410+1.2,-,0)58*2,-.241<4Z-(4<-(021-71-,-(04<-(01-#']- #].20204* .--V91-04.2B14(._-,
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a T8-+<4 .- 92<58,0U/-+, X[,,-+, B8127-4( 2<<+,,+2(='''C 40<2,XW1+92 0-< @" /-Z-, 2 -X-+02 0-1<2?W(+92 .2 - W 1-,72(,)/-* 721 &] .2 4T8-9+<-(02 ?*254* 4514(.4<-(02 .4, -<+,,^-, .- -< #@'] B!'@!#] 7414 2, 28012, ?4,-, 92< -X-+02 .- -,08X4C 7-1<+0+1+4 -,045+*+Z41492(9-(014:;240<2,XW1+94.-?4,-,92<-X-+02.--,08X4,18<+(4(0-,92(01+58-<40W9-194.-'].4 712.8:;2<8(.+4*.-<-04(2=,-(.2T8-<4+,.-!'].-,0-/4*21B!"="<+*Y^-,.-02(-*4.4,CB.- 44(
(272) =&&"CW. @A@.
(273)
(274) /4*+4:;2.2+9*2.-+.4.2,12.802, )90-2,>451+94.2,-<2108?4*2(0+(-(04*. -(0W1+92 B8<4 X2(0- T8- 72.- ,-1 <4(+78*4.4 4014/W, .4 .+-04C ,018<-, - 9Y218<-, ,[ 712.8Z-< <-04(2 -< 92(.+:^-,4(4-1[5+4,- T84(.2 4,0-<7-140814,-V9-.-<2,#c=92(.+:^-,4,,29+4.4, 4,+,0-<4,+(0-(,+/2,T8- 80+*+Z4<?14(.-,,+,0-<4,41<4Z-(4<-(02B8127-4(2<<+,,+2(='''C
(275) ,/494,*-+0-+14,712.8Z-<'].2<-04(2-(0W1+92=2T8-4,021(48<4*/24014-(0-741441-.8:;2.-<-04(2
(276) ?-14:;2 .- <-04(2 721 4(+<4* W <4+, -*-/4.2 -< ,+,0-<4, 92< 54+V2, ! .2 T8- (2, ,+,0-<4, ?-1+.2, <4+, +(0-(,4<-(0-=(2,T84+,,;28,4.2,,87*-<-(02,4*+<-(041-,=72+,-,0-,<-*Y214<4-X+9+S(9+4.492(/-1,;24*+<-(041 - 48<-(04< 2 7-,2 /+/2 B -(?= && C 21 25,-1/4:;2 .2, .4.2, 471-,-(04.2, (4 .203. )= 4, /494, .- <4+21 712.8:;2B"#''+ ''d?.-*-+0-C*+5-104<<4+21-,T84(0+.4.-,.-<-04(27414440<2,X-14B+ ! .+4@C2 -(04(02=4,-<+,,^-,.-,04,/494,,;2<4+,54+V4,,-X21-<1-*49+2(4.4,92<4T84(0+.4.-.-*-+0-712.8Z+.2B=!+ = <-04(2721d?*-+0-C -,04X21<4W72,,U/-*92(9*8+1T8-4,,2*8:^-,<4+,+(0-(,+/4,=7211-9211-1-<44(+<4+, .- <4+21 712.8:;2= 7-1<+0-< 4*?8<4 -92(2<+4 .- -,94*4 T8-72.- 0-1 1-7-198,,^-, 72,+0+/4, (2 4<5+-(0- B8(-,= ''C .203.)#/67/00-.5:4.8.30-0.C0B567/30-0:/?/$003C&% #/67/030-0$I1O.5% "#'' ##'' #'' ''. .5J " # A '. ,,7/00-.5 /.J I1J30-0 =! != ' =! ! =. . 0,0:05F.205-.3/.,5/@,-.,/03.8-895, 5,/01. 92(,8<2 .4 )?84 (4 +(.6,01+4 .- *490+9U(+2, W 4,,29+4.2 X8(.4<-(04*<-(0- a, 27-14:^-, .- *+<7-Z4 -?8(.2 4 8127-4( 4+1f
(277) ,,29+40+2( B''C= 2, 71+(9+74+, X49021-, T8- +(X*8-(9+4< (2 92(,8<2 .4 )?84 .4, +(.6,01+4, .- *490+9U(+2,(481274,;24.+,72(+5+*+.4.-.-)?8474142,7129-,,2,.-411-X-9+<-(02-1-X1+?-14:;2=4.814:;2-2 /2*8<-.-)?8480+*+Z4.4(2,-(V4?84<-(02,=4,941490-1U,0+94,.2,712?14<4, B
(278) . 7
(279) C-4<4(80-(:;2 <92(,8<2.-)?8492(,+.-14.2-X+9+-(0--.-,91+027-*4
(280) K
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