Joã Mag 1Re Fria 2As Cam 3Re 4Pro Por 5Co Cam 6As Eng 7Co Cam *Em For app phe woo In 2 reg on f The uni of t rele the per con the In t as w des emi form Formald ão Pereira* galhães6, L esearch Fell as, 4200-46 sistant Pro mpus Polité esearch & D oduct & Bu rtugal. ordinator P mpus Polité sistant Pro gineering, R ordinator P mpus Polité mail: jamp@ rmaldehyde plications, n enol-formal od-based p 2004, the IA ulation aut formaldehy e evaluation form in all est method ease using d formaldeh rforator dev ntent (emitt correlation this paper, w well as a co siccator and ission (UF a maldehyde dehyde em *1,Cristina Luísa Carva low, ARCP – 65, Porto, P ofessor, DEM écnico de Re Developmen usiness Dev Professor, D écnico de Re ofessor, LEP Rua Drº Rob Professor, D écnico de Re @fe.up.pt e is a comm namely in u ldehyde res anels for d ARC has cla thorities fro yde emissio n and classi producing ds and defin different pr hyde emissi veloped for table poten ns between we present mparison o d perforato and MUF) r emission m mission test comparis Coelho2, Jo alho7 – Associatio PORTUGAL Mad-Dept. o epeses, 350 nt, EuroRes velopment, DEMad-Dep epeses, 350 PAE, Dept. o berto Frias, DEMad-Dep epeses, 350 mon organic urea-formal sins (PF) pr ecades, pla assified form om several on from wo ification of countries. ned their ow rinciples an
on, but are r pretesting ntial). There n the differe t a review o of results ob r methods) resins. A co methods an t methods on for low oão Ferra3 on of Comp of Wood En 04-510 Vise sinas – Indu EuroResina pt of Wood 04-510 Vise of Chemical , 4200-465 pt of Wood 04-510 Vise ABST c compound ldehyde (UF roduction. T aying a cent maldehyde countries a ood-based p formaldeh Europe, US wn standar nd equipme very time g and produ e is doubt o ent method on several f btained at o ) for particl mmercial p n also with c for wood-w formaldeh 3,Paulo Cru petence in P ngineering, eu, PORTUG ustrias Quím as – Industr Engineerin eu, PORTUG l Engineerin , Porto, PO Engineerin eu, PORTUG TRACT d very used F), melamin These resin tral role wit as “carcino and the mar panels. hyde emissi SA and Japa rds and met ents. The ch consuming uction contr of which is m ds. formaldehy our laborat leboard pro particleboa chamber m based pan hyde resin uz4, Jorge M Polymer Ne Polytechni GAL micas, 7520 rias Químic ng, Polytech GAL ng, Univers RTUGAL ng, Polytech GAL d as raw-ma ne-urea-for ns are used thin their p ogenic to hu rket itself, t ons from w an were pio thods to de hambers an g. Other der rol, evaluat more appro yde test met tory (chamb oduced with rd was also method. nels – evalu ns Martins5, F etwork, Rua ic Institute 0-195 Sines cas, 7520-1 hnic Institu sity of Porto hnic Institu aterial in se rmaldehyd d in the man production umans”, wh to increase wood-based neers in th etermine th nd cells met rived metho te the form opriate and thods and r ber, gas an h low form o tested wit uation and Fernão a Drº Rober of Viseu, s, Portugal. 195 Sines, ute of Viseu o- Faculty o ute of Viseu everal indu e (MUF) an nufacture o and proper hich forced e the restric d panels is n he developm he formalde thods deter ods, as the aldehyde d the validit release clas alysis, maldehyde th those d rto u, of u, ustrial nd of rties. ctions not ment ehyde rmine ty of sses,
1.
Ure pan cos pan For a ch form form Adv irrit al., reco 200 auth poll Wit evid reg Che Eur of a gro Apa resi or e sho an i form Fac woo rele (Fo For and a sl non met con form metIntrodu
ea-formalde nels, mostly t. The great nels and the rmaldehyde hemical fee maldehyde maldehyde verse health tation of ey 2010). In 2 ommended 06 this reco horities an lutant and thin Europe dence of ca ulation for emicals” (R ropean Che a consortium up for their art of forma ins and form even lower ortage of woincreasing p maldehyde cing the new
od panel m ease of form rmaCare, 2 r the determ d standards ightly diffe n-interchan thods and i nsumers an maldehyde thods deve
uction
ehyde resin y due to its t disadvant e subsequen e is an orga dstock in s -based adh (MF), phen h effects fro yes and upp 2004, the In d the reclas ommendati d institutio new regula ean Union, arcinogenic chemicals EACH). For mical Indu m allowing r REACH co aldehyde cl maldehyde than natur ood raw ma percentage emissions w guideline manufacture maldehyde 2010) mination of s have been rent emissi ngeable unit incomparab d industry emission v loped need ns (UF) are reactivity, h tage is form nt emission anic compou everal indu hesives for w nol-formald om exposur per airways nternationa sification o on was fina ons have be ations have formaldehy effect”), bu “Registrati r this purpo stry Counc g European ompliance a lassification e scavenger ral wood (S aterial, woo e of recycled (Martins e es and emis es to provid from build f formaldeh n emerged i ion charact ts (Athanas ble results o personnel values in 70 d to be adap the most w high perfor maldehyde e n during th und produc ustrial appl wood and w dehyde (PF re to forma s, were the l Agency for of formalde ally publish een concern emerged c yde is curre ut the classi on, evaluat ose, FormaC il) establish formaldehy activities. n, resins pr rs in order t chafer and od-based pa d wood, wh t al., 2007) sion standa de products ing produc hyde emissi in Europe, U teristic and ssiadou and often creat (Athanassi 0s and 80s w pted and im widely used rmance, exc emission du e service lif ced worldw ications, na wood comp F), phenol-r aldehyde in first report r Research hyde “carci hed (IARC 2 ned about fo considering ently classi ification is tion, author Care (2010 hed a REAC yde manufa roducers ha to reduce fo Roffael 20 anels produ hich seems . ards, a cons s with low f ts has been on in wood United Stat d frequently d Ohlmeyer te confusion adou and O were subst mproved to d in the prod cellent adh uring the p fe of board wide on a la amely for th posites, as U resorcinol-f n pre-fabric ted in the m on Cancer ( inogenic to 2006). As a ormaldehy g exposure l fied as 3-R4 been review rization and 0) (formalde CH taskforc acturers to ave been in ormaldehyd 00). On the ucers have to lead to a siderable e formaldehy n decreased d-based pro tes and Japa y produces r 2009). Th n among go Ohlmeyer 2 tantially hig the current duction of w esion to wo roduction o s (Dunky, 1 arge scale an he producti UF, melamin formaldehy ated house mid-1960 (S (IARC) from o humans (g consequen de as an ind limits incre 40 substan wed under d restrictio ehyde secto ce to facilita work toge the develo de emission e other han been force an increase ffort have b yde emissio d in the last oducts, seve an. Each me results in d his prolifera overnment 009). Furth gher, and th t emission wood-base ood and lowof wood-ba 1998). nd it is use ion of ne-yde (PRF). es, especiall Salthamme m WHO group 1)“ a nce, various door priori easingly low nce (“limited the new ns of or group of ate the crea ther as a un opment of n n at levels c d, due to th ed to the use e of been made ons. In fact, t decades eral method ethod meas different an ation of test regulators, hermore, th hough the t ranges. New d w ased d as ly er et nd in s ity wer. d f the ation nified new close he e of by the ds sures nd t , he test w
test accu
2.
In t MU form wer and par The form Son pin mix con wer glui wei ove resi par pre pre thic Afte then Eur (MC ran met was emi also3.
The form pre t methods h uracy, loweMateria
the scope of UF have bee maldehyde re produced d mechanica rticleboard e productio mation and nae Indústr e, eucalypt xtures was ntent of the re then blen ing factor w ight of woo en-dry weig in). The par rticleboard ssed in a la ssed at 190 ckness of 17 er pressing n tested ac ropean stan C) (EN 322) ndomly sele thod), three s submitted ission. A co o to EN 717Test me
e formaldeh maldehyde sent in the have been p er detectionals and m
f the projec n synthesiz emission l d at laborat al performa was also te on of particl d pressing. W ia, Oliveira us, pine saw checked be face and co nded with t was 6.3 % r od particles ght of resin) raffin level was hand f aboratory s 0 ºC for 150 7 mm. g, boards we cordingly t ndards for d ) and thickn ected for fore boards w d to gas ana ommercial p 7-1. In the n
ethods fo
hyde emiss trapped as interior of proposed in n limits, qumethods
cts E0-Form zed using d imits of dif tory scale a ance as wel ested for fo leboards is Wood parti do Hospita wdust and efore blend ore layers p the resin, ca resin solids . The resin ) than in th was 0.15 % formed in a cale hot-pr 0 s to produ ere stored i to the Europ density (D) ness swelli rmaldehyd were used fo alysis meth particleboa next sectionor form
ion from pa s gas in the f board (mo n order to c icker and rs
maldehyde different pa fferent stan and then ch ll as the for rmaldehyd essentially icles for the al plant) an recycled w ing, using a particles wa atalyst and in the face was more c he face layer % solids (ba an aluminiu ress, contro uce panels w in a conditi pean stand (EN 323), ng (TS) (EN e content ( or desiccato od (EN 717 ard were als n we descrialdehyd
anels in ser structure o oisture), bu comply with reliability. and ECOUF rameters in ndards. For haracterized rmaldehyde de analysis. y divided in e face layer nd were com wood. The m an infrared as 2.5 % an d paraffin in and 6.9 % catalyzed in r (1 % solid ased on ove um containe olled by a co with a targ ioned room dards. The b internal bo N 317). For FC) analysi or method ( 7-2) for det so used and be the testde emiss
rvice is cau of substract t essentiall h the new r F, different n order to c each resin, d in order t e emission nto three star and core la mposed of d moisture con balance. Th nd 3.5% res n a laborato in the core n the core l ds based on en-dry weig er with 220 omputer. Th get density o m (20 ºC, 65 boards were ond (IB) (EN r each serie is according (JIS A 1460 termination d submitted methods fo
sion det
sed, not on t, as well as ly due the r requiremen formulatio complain w , particlebo to quantify or content. ages: blend ayer were p different pr ntent of the he average spectively. W ory glue ble e, based on layer (3% s n oven-dry ght of wood 0x220x80 m he glued pa of 650 kg/m 5 % relative e tested acc N 319), mo s, one boar g to EN 120 0), one pane n of formald d to those m or formaldetermina
nly by residu s dissolved reversibility nts: higher ns of UF an with the oard panels the physica . A commer ding, mat provided by roportions e standard of the mois Wood parti ender. The the oven-d solids based weight of d). Three-la mm and the articles wer m3 and e humidity) cording to t isture cont rd was 0 (perforato el of each se dehyde methods an ehyde analytion
ual in water y of reactio nd s al rcial y of sture icles dry d on ayer en re ) and the tent or eries nd ysis. nscau hem For the pro pan (Ath Tes fact The emi form con Ta det Ta bas 3.1 3.1 The con cha Am con cha stat con app whi using the hy miacetals an rmaldehyde type of wo oduction an nel area in r hanassiado st methods tors listed a e existing m itted amou maldehyde nsidering if able 1 resum ermination able 1: Stan sed panels ( Te Ch Ga Fla De Pe Oth 1 Real emi .1 Chambe e evaluation nditions in r amber. The merican stan nditions of a amber (0.02 te formalde ncentration proved rece ich increase ydrolysis of nd methyle e release de ood and res nd panel age
relation to t ou and Ohlm
for the dete above, in or methods can nt of forma in the pane that quanti mes the mo n of formald ndards and (Athanassia est method hamber as analysis ask method esiccator rforator her ission er method n of the rea real-life and formaldehy ndard ASTM a living roo 2 a 1 m3) an ehyde conc is not chan ently regula ed the impo f weakly bo ene ether br epends on i in employe e. External the total vo meyer 2009 ermination rder to be r n be divided aldehyde un el (the emit ity may be ost importa dehyde from test metho adou, 2000 d St AS 19 EN d EN AS MA EN Fi Dy al emission d over defin yde concen M E 1333 pr m with 22 nd the spec entration is nging with t ations that ortance of t ound forma ridges (Dun internal and ed, paramet factors are olume of the 9). n of formald reliable and d by two m nder the tes
tted (free) released or ant test met m wood-ba ods for the d
, Marutzy, 2 tandard, st STM E 1333 901, JIS A 1 N 717-2, ISO N 717-3, me STM D 5582 AFF 235, JA N 120, ISO 1 eld and Lab ynamic Mic of formald ned time sc ntration in t resents a la m2. The sta imens rem s reached ( time). The require the these meth ldehyde fro nky 1998). d external f ters and op e the tempe e space in w dehyde emi d reproduci main princip st condition formaldehy r not, and in thods and r ased panels determinat 2008) tandard dr 3, ASTM D 6 911, ISO 12 O 12460-3 ethod AWP 2, ISO 1246 AS 233, AS/ 12460-5 boratory Em crochamber ehyde of a cales requir
the air insid arge test ch andard AST ain in the o (the interva CARB (Cali e use of the hods. The In om N-meth factors. The perating con rature, air which the p ission shou ible. ples: measu ns) and the yde is deter n how muc related stan . tion of form raft or met 6007, EN 7 2460-1, ISO PA 60-4, JIS A 1 /NZS 4266. mission Cel r “DMC” product un res the use de the cham amber that TM D 6007 p operating ch al when the ifornian Air se chamber nternationa hyols group e internal fa nditions in exchange r panels are p uld take into urable emis e emittable rmined wit ch time) (Du ndards for t maldehyde f thod name 17-1, JIS A O 12460-2 1460, JAS 16 ll “FLEC”, nder typical of a climate mber is mea t aims to im presents a hamber un e formaldeh r Resources rs for the q al Organizat s, acetals an actors inclu panel rate, the tot placed o account th sion (the re potential o thout unky 2004) the from wood-e l indoor e-controlle asured. The mitate the smaller til a steady hyde s Boards) qualifying te tion for nd ude tal he eally of ). -d e y ests,
Stan and The 1 m tem dou adv and Sma rela cha In t thic the is d con cha bot con whi for form stat eve 3.1 The acce a te in a ± 3) piec wat inte was con Des stan bas In t det met amm ndardizatio d a derived e European m3 and 225 L mperature o uble of the A vantage of t d the uses a all chamber atively easy ambers. this study, a ckness wer air in the c determined ntaining wa amber atmo ttles and the ntinued unt ich require determinin maldehyde te condition en if the stea .2 Gas ana e gas analys elerated co est piece wi a closed cha ) L/h and u ce is contin ter, that abs ervals, up to sh bottles. A ncentration spite from t ndard EN13 sed panels. this method ermined ph thod is base monium ac on (ISO) pre method (IS n standard E L. The oper of (23 ± 0,5) American s the chambe a great volu rs are wide y to adapt a a chamber o e placed in chamber, w by drawing ater, which osphere is c e volume o til the forma
s at least 1 ng when a s emission o n. In additio ady-state c lysis meth sis (EN 717 onditions: a ith dimensi amber at (6 under an ov nually draw sorbs form o 4 hours. E At the end o , the sampl the time of 3986 indica d, as well as hotometric ed in the H cetate and f esents as re SO/DIS 124 EN 717-1 (c rating cond ) °C and rel standard, i.e er method i me of samp ely used in E at both labo of 1 m3 was the chamb which is sam g air from t absorbs the calculated f f the sampl aldehyde co 1 days (EN steady-state of less than
on, all the s ondition is hod 7-2) is a der a temperatu ions of 400 60 ± 0.5) ºC verpressure wn from the aldehyde ( Every hour, of test, the ling time an analysis, th ates this me s the other ally (UV/Vi andtzsch re formaldehy eference m 460-2). chamber m ditions are s lative humi e 1/hr. The s that simu ple, which m Europe and oratory and s used. Two ber. Formald mpled at lea the outlet o e formaldeh from the co led air. It is oncentratio 717-1). Ea e condition 5% over a standards p not reache rived test th ure of 60 ºC mm x 50 m with a rela e of 1000 to chamber a EN 717-1). , the air is a formaldehy nd exposed his test invo
ethod for fa European m is spectrom eaction wh yde to form ethod the s method) pre slightly diff idity of (45 e analysis ti ulates more minimizes t d North Am d plant and o test piece dehyde em ast twice a d of chamber hyde. The c oncentration s expressed on in the ch ach of the st n is achieve given perio propose tha ed (Irle, 201 hat determ C and within mm x board ative humid o 1200 Pa. F and passes The forma automatica yde release area of the olves a high aced and co methods, th meter) using ich envolve DDL (dihy standard IS esents three ferent from ± 3) %. Th me is at lea e accurately the influen merica and c correlate w s of 500 mm mitted from
day. The for through tw concentrati n in the wa d in [mg/m3 hamber rea tandards sp d. All, howe od as repre at the test is 11). ines forma n a period o d thickness dity lower t Formaldehy though gas aldehyde is lly led into e is calculat e test piece h investmen oated, overl he concentr g the acetyl es the cycliz ydropyridin SO /FDIS 12 e volume op m the Ameri he air excha ast ten days y the indoor ce of mater can be very well with th m x 500 mm
the test pie rmaldehyd wo gas wash ion of form ater in the g 3]. Sampling ches the st pecifies a d ever, accep esenting a q s stopped a ldehyde rel of 4 hours. and edges than 3 %, a yde release s wash bott determine one of a se ted from th expressed nt in equipm laid or vene ration of fo lacetone m zation of 2, ne 3,5 diace 2460-1 (1 m ptions: > 12 can standa ange rate is s. The princ r environm rial variabil y accurate, he large m x board eces mixes e concentra hing bottles aldehyde in gas washing g is periodi eady-state, ifferent me pt a change quasi steady after 28 day lease at In this met sealed is pl n airflow o ed from tes les contain d at hourly eries of pair e formalde in [mg.m-2 ment. The eered wood rmaldehyd method. This ,4-pentadio tyl-1,4-m3) 2 m3, rd: the ciple ment lity. with ation s n the g ically , ethod in y-ys, thod, laced f (60 t ning y rs of hyde .h]. d-de is s one,
dihy exh spe 3.1 The of t und unt rect pos met insi and abs wat con EN The diff stan stan 3.2 3.2 The Wh equ ind form met wit × 25 dist det the [mg app diff spe con ydrolutidin hibits fluore ectrophotom .3 Desiccat e more rele he most ec der standar til they have
tangles of 1 ssible to 18
tal and plac ide the desi d the sampl sorbed by th
ter is deter nditions and
120. The em ere are seve ferences: th ndards that ndard was Emission .1 Perfora e perforator hile a test by uilibrium st icated to da maldehyde thod for un h exception 5 mm speci tilled or dem ermined ph environme g/100 g ove plied to woo ferent mois ecifications ntestable as ne), which p escence and meter, at a w tor metho vant desicc onomical m rd condition e reach con 150 mm by 00 cm2 tota ced on a sta iccator with es are seale he water in mined by a d reagents q mission of eral variatio he desiccato t are based adopted by potential tor metho r method (E y the chamb tage, the pe aily factory content in nfaced parti n to North A imens) by m mineralized hotometric ental impac en dry boar od-based p sture conten standards s it depends presents a m d though it wavelength d cator metho methods, bu ns at tempe nstant mass 50 mm. A n al surface a ainless stee h a nomina ed inside fo n the crysta a photometr quantities a formaldehy ons of the d or diameter on the sam y the Intern d EN 120) me ber method erforator m y productio particlebo icleboard, O America. Th means of bo d water. Th ally by the ct of the tol rd]. The per anels cond nts, correct
for each typ s on other f maximum a can be dete h of emissio od is define ut it has a d erature of ( s, which can number of area (ends, el wire net a al dimensio or 24 hours llizing dish ric method are differen yde is expr desiccator m r (250 mm) me principle national Sta easures the d may take ethod is qu n control. T ard and MD OSB, MDF a he formald oiling tolue he formalde acetylaceto uene emiss rforator va itioned to a tion factors pe of wood factors rath absorvance ermined, us on of 510 n ed in the Jap drawback. T (20 ± 2) ºC a n take one w test-pieces sides and fa above a cry n of 240 mm s at (20±1)° h. The conce d using acet nt from the essed [mg/ method as d ) and the pr e are JAS 23 andardizati e formaldeh several day uicker and e This test is t DF in Europ and flaxboa ehyde is ex ene for 2 ho ehyde conte one method sion and re
lues for par a reference s, calculated d-based pan her than the
e at 412 nm sing a fluor nm.
panese stan The test pie
and a relati week. Test-s, correspon faces), are a ystallizing d m. The lid i °C. The emi entration o tylacetone m European /L]. defined in A rocedure d 33 and JAS on Organiz hyde conten ys until the expeditious the most po pe. The EN rds. It is als xtracted fro ours and th ent of this a d. The disad sidues. The rticleboard moisture c d by an equ nel, are used
e moisture m. The mole rimetric ndard JIS A eces shall be ive humidit -pieces are nding to as attached to dish contain is placed on itted forma f formaldeh method, bu standards ASTM D 55 uration (2 235. A rece zation, as IS nt of wood e samples at s, being mu opular for m 13986, ind so employe om test piec en transfer aqueous so dvantage of e results are ds, OSB and content (6.5 uation state d. This corr content of cule also A 1460. It is e condition ty of (65 ± cut into close as a supportin ning water n the desicc aldehyde is hyde in the ut the reacti EN 717-1 a 582, with so hours). Oth ent harmon SO/CD 1246 -based pan ttain the uch more measuring dicates this ed worldwi ces (110 g o rred into lution is f this metho e expressed MDF shall 5 %.). For ed in the rection fact boards (Ro one ned 5) % ng cator e ion and ome her nized 60-4. nels. de of 25 od is d in be tor is offael
and mg/ 3.3 Con a w diff this Pre Volu Tem Rela Air Loa Tota Uns Tes Ana Unit In f The larg cha How they reg met diff betw una "De CEN d Johnsson, /100 g ove Formalde nsidering th worldwide a ferent meth s study. -conditioni ume mperature ative humid exchange r ading ratio al surface a sealed Edge ting time alysis metho ts fact, there is eir applicat ge chamber ambers are wever, due y have to ce ulations th thod) and E ferent regio ween CEN/ animously s eterminatio N/TC 112 to 2011). The n dry board ehyde meth he different agreement o hods and th Table 2: T ing ( dity rate area 1 m es 1 od ac m s no metho tion costs h r, respectiv usually tim to the need ertificate th at consider Europe (pe ons of the w /TC 112 an supports a on of formal o become E e accuracy o d). A simila hods surve t existing m on establish heir main fe Testing par Chamber EN 717-1 no 1 m3 23 ± 0.5) ºC (45 ± 3) % 1 h−1 1 m2/m3 m2 (2 board 1.5 m/m2 0 to 28 day cetylaceton mg/m3 (air) od that stan as been cal ely (Athana me consumi d of wood-b heir produc r different r rforator me world with r d ISO/TC 8 further dev ldehyde rel EN ISO stan of this meth ar method e ey methods, an hing a refer eatures. Tab rameters fo Ga E C (6 1 ds) 0.040 ys ne Ace ) nds out, pre lculated to r assiadou an ng and use based pane cts accordin reference m ethod). A n regard to fo 89. A resolu velopment lease" unde ndards.
hod has bee established nd taking in rence meth ble 2 presen or the meth Met as analysis EN 717-2 No 4 L 60 ± 0.5) ºC < 3 % -10 m2/m3 m2 (2 boar No 4 hours etylacetone mg/m2h senting all rate at 0.5: nd Ohlmeye s sophistica els produce ng to the di methods, as ew approa ormaldehyd ution was ta of the stand er the Vienn en very dis by ISO 124 to account hod, it is imp nts the test ods used in thods s Des JIS 7 (20 ± ≈ 30 rds) ≈ 0 24 e acety m of them ad 8:100 for p er 2009). F ated equipm rs to opera ifferent cou s Japan (des ch of a clos de release t aken in Syd dards serie na Agreem scussed for 460-5. that seems portant to k ting parame n this study iccator 1460 days 6 L ± 0.5) ºC - - 0 m2/m3 .18 m2 yes hours ylacetone mg/L dvantages a perforator, g ormaldehy ment. ate on the g untries or re siccator), U ser co-opera test method dney, 2011-es ISO 1246 ent in coop values belo s difficult to know the eters used i y Perforat EN 120 no -- - -- 110 g yes 3 hours acetylacet mg/100 g o dry boar nd drawba gas analysi yde testing i lobal mark egions’s .S.A. (cham ation of the ds was take 2: “ISO/TC 60 peration wit ow 4 o find in tor 0 s tone oven rd cks. is and in ket, mber e en 89 th
3.4 In r in s stan acco in t (Wo clas Tab Re Eu Ja U Emission recent year some count ndards for ording to th he specifica ood-based sses: E1 or ble 3: Overv – Med Lamin gion St rope EN apão JIS USA AN limits for w s, national tries limitin formaldehy he results o ation stand panels for u E2 (see tab view on act dium Densit nated Venee tandard N 13986 A 5908 & 5905 SI A208.1 & 2 CARB wood base regulations ng the forma yde test me of formalde dards of eac use in cons ble 3). tual upper l ty Fibreboa er Lumber) Test method ENV 717-EN 120 ENV EN ENV 717-EN 120 ENV EN 717-JIS A 146 ASTM E1333 (large chamber ASTM E1333 ed-panels s for forma aldehyde e ethods do n ehyde emiss ch product. struction) c limits of for ard, PW – P ) (Athanass d Board -1 E 0 -1 2 -1 E 0 -1 2 60 F*F F* r) Pha Pha ldehyde we mission fro not refer a c sion or rele The harmo classifies for rmaldehyde Plywood, OS siadou and d class E2 M M o E1 M P M o ** *** *** ase 1 ase 2 ere establis om wood-b classificatio ease. This c onized Euro rmaldehyd e emission SB – Orient Ohlmeyer, Board typ PB, OSB an MDF (unfac PW, SWP a LVL (unfac PW, PB, OS MDF, LVL ( others) over PB, OSB an MDF (unfac PW, SWP e (unfaced PW, PB, OS MDF, LVL ( others) over PB, MDF PW PB MDF PB MDF shed and/o ased panel on of wood-lassificatio opean stan de emission (PB – Parti ted Strand B 2009) pe L nd ced) > 0. 8 ove and ced) SB, and rlaid > 0. 3.5 nd ced) ≤ 0. ≤ ov LVL d) SB, and rlaid ≤ 0. ≤ F or reformula ls. The -based pane n is establi dard EN 13 into two icleboard, M Board, LVL Limit valu .124 mg/m 8 < mg/100 en dry boar 30 .124 mg/m < mg/m2.h .124 mg/m ≤ 8 mg/100 ven dry boa .124 mg/m 3.5 mg/m2 ≤ 1.5 mg/L ≤ 0.5 mg/L ≤ 0.3 mg/L ≤ 0.3 ppm ≤ 0.2 ppm 0.18 ppm 0.21 ppm 0.09 ppm 0.11 ppm ated els shed 3986 MDF – e m3air 0 g rd ≤ m3air h ≤ 8 m3 air 0 g ard m3 air 2.h L L L m m
Inte Pan per MD form reco In J F**, F** betw In t tabl form pan are lim cert Ultr and E13 Diff met in e cor et a per auth boa cha som Tab [ ernal discus nel Federati rforator val DF (thicknes maldehyde ognized off apan, more , F*** e F** ** are much ween 0.5-2 the United S le 4. More r maldehyde nels market similar to F its, wood-b tified by a C ra Low Emi d ULEF prod 333) limit. ferent auth thods (desi each metho relations in al. 2010). In rforator val hors, in the ards with th aracteristics me of them ble 4: Relati cor Method EN 120 [mg / 100 g EN 717 [mg / m3 ASTM E1 [ppm] JIS A 146 [mg / L ssions with ion) to laun ue below 4 ss > 8 mm) emission l ficially by C e strict limi **. The F** h lower. Th 2 mg/100 g States, ANS recently, CA limits for w t. Phase 1 li F***. These based panel CARB appro ission Form ducts must ors have at iccator, per d, it is not p n literature n the very lo
ues and the e perforator he same per s. Table 4 p based on co ionship bet rrelation) (H d F 0 g odb] ≤ -1 air] ≤ 0 333 ] ≤ 0 60 L] ≤
hin the Euro nch its own 4 mg/100 g . Driven by imits was a CEN). Recen ts are defin is more or he emission (Athanassi SI A208.1 & ARB (Califo wood-based imits are ro e regulation ls and finish oved third maldehyde t demonstra ttempted to rforator and possible a d (Risholm-S ow region o e emission r value, the rforator va presents a r orrelations tween diffe Harmon, 20 Japan F*** ≤ 4.5a 0.054a ≤ 0.055a ≤ ≤ 0.5 opean woo n formaldeh oven dry w y IKEA (IOSM also introdu ntly, the me ned in stand less equiva n of F**** is iadou and O & 2 refer the
ornia Air Re d panels, be oughly equi ns state tha hing goods party certif (ULEF) or N ate a 90% o o establish d chamber) direct relati Sundman, L of emission of boards ( e mass tran lue but of d relationship s. rent metho 008) F**** ≤ 2.7a ≤ 0.034a ≤ 0.035a ≤ 0.3 d-based pa hyde standa wood for PB MAT 0003) uced: the so embers of E dards JIS A alent to Eur s close to th Ohlmeyer, 2 e limits for f sources Boa eing nowad ivalent to E at, beyond t for sale or fication lab No Added F or better co correlation ). Due to th ion, althoug Larsen et al n, there is p (Roffael and sfer coeffic different de p between t
ods and stan Europe E1 ≤ 8.0 ≤ 0.124 ≤ 0.127a ≤ 0.9a anel Associa ard EPF-S, t B and 5 mg/ ), an equiva o-called E0 EPF agree to 5908 e 590 ropean E1 c he emission 2009). formaldehy ard) establ days as refe E1 (and F**) the complia used in Ca boratory, un Formaldehy ompliance w ns between e different gh it can be l. 2006; Qu oor correla d Johnsson, cient, finds n ensities may the limits o ndard limit IKEA E0.5 ≤ 4.0 ≤ 0.050 ≤ 0.051a ≤ 0.4a ations, lead that corresp /100 g oven alent class w (or E0.5) ( o only prod 05 as, by de class, while n of solid un yde emissio ished more erence for w ) class whil ance of thos lifornia mu nless they a yde (NAF) p with a 0.04 formaldeh operating c e found app e and Furu ation betwe , 2011). Acc no conside y have diffe of the differ ts (aValues CARB F1 ≤ 11.3a ≤ 0.176a ≤ 0.180 ≤ 1.3a d EPF (Euro ponds to a n dry wood with half E1 (not yet duce E1 clas escending o e the F*** e ntreated wo on presente e stringent wood-based le Phase 2 l se emission ust also be are approve products. N ppm (ASTM hyde testing conditions proximate no 2007; P een correct cording to t ration. So, erent emiss ent method obtained b USA 1 CARB F ≤ 5.6a a ≤ 0.088 ≤ 0.09 ≤ 0.6a opean d for 1 ss. order ood, ed in d imits n ed NAF M g used Park ed these sion ds, y F2 a 8a 0 a
Re
Sev dop per (JIS A co the Due mec 20 k form Figu A14 met resu be c scav tem tem tem F In f 120esults an
veral panelsped with dif rforator me S A1460). D ommercial chamber m e to the diff chanical sp kg/m3 and maldehyde ure 1 show 460. It can b thods. They ults for ver completely vengers, wh mperature a mperature a mperature ( Figure 1: Fo figure 2, the 0 and EN 71
nd discu
s produced fferent form ethod (EN12 Due to the re particleboa method (EN ferent beha pring-back, an internal emissions/ ws the result be observe y can easily ry low form y independe hich has a v and environ and relative (over 110ºC ormaldehyd ey are prese 17-2. As expussion
in our labo maldehyde 20), the gas educed size ard was als N717-1). avior of the only the pa l bond high /content. ts for the p d that there y have diffe maldehyde e ents. These very differe nmental hu e humidity, C) and in th de content ( ented the r pected, glob oratory bon scavengers s analysis m e of the sam so tested us bonding sy anels havin her than 0.4 anels, whic e is a very w rences of 4 emissions a results can ent behavio midity: the while the E he presence (EN 120) an same s results for t bally the re nded with d s were test method (EN mples, the csing the for ystems, ma g a thickne 40 MPa (EN ch were eva weak corre 40% for valu and very low n be easily j or during bo e JIS A1460 EN 120 is c e of toluene nd formald samples the panels, w esults are v different res ed with thr N717-2) and hamber me rmer three m inly bondin ess of 17 ± 0 N319) were aluated bot elation for t ues around w formalde justified by oth tests, m test is carr arried out a e. dehyde emis which were ery similar sins (UF an ree differen d the desicc ethod could methods an ng strength 0.2 mm, a d e evaluated th with EN 1 the values o d 1 mg/L (JI ehyde conte y the presen mainly due t ried out at n at a much h ssion (JIS A e evaluated r of those pr nd MUF) an nt methods, cator metho d not be app nd also usin h and density of 6 for 120 and JIS of the two IS A1460). ents, seems nce of to the near ambie higher A1460) for t d both with resented in d , the od plied. ng 50 ± S The s to ent the EN n
figu test sam Fig The hav hum air, pre sup test Figu A14 3, s som fact “de ure 1. In thi t. As both m mples have ure 2: Form ese results c ve very diffe midity. The while EN 1 sence of to pported on t, could pos ure 3 show 460. As exp ince we are me major di t, JIS A1450 sorption” t s case, we h methods are different cl maldehyde cannot be e erent behav EN 717-2 t 120 is carri luene. The a phase-eq ssibly expla ws the result pected, thes e in the pre ifferences t 0 is support test. have also a e used for t lassification content (EN easily justif viour durin test is perfo ed out at a different p uilibrium ( ain the resu ts for panel se results ga esence of tw that can als
ted on a ph
formaldeh the same cla
n (E1 or E2 N120) and sam fied as befo ng on both t ormed at a much high permeability (toluene-wa ults. ls, which w ave better c wo emission o be justifie ase-equilib hyde conten assification 2) is a very i formaldehy mples ore due to th test mainly temperatu er tempera y of the pan ater), while were evaluat correlation n evaluation ed by the d brium (air-w nt test and a n standard, important f yde emissio he presenc y due to the re of 60ºC ature (over nels and the e EN 717-2 ted both wi ns that the o n tests. Nev ynamic nat water) whi a formaldeh the fact tha finding. on (EN717 e of scaven air temper and in the p 110ºC) and e fact that E is a dynam ith EN 717-ones of both vertheless, ture of both le EN 717-2 hyde emiss at some of t -2) for the ngers, which rature and presence of d in the EN 120 is mic “desorpt -2 and JIS h figures 2 there are s h methods. 2 is a dynam sion the same h still f dry tion” and still In mic
F In t valu EN7 clas The befo hum 110 air) Figure 3: Fo table 5, they ues and the 717-1, EN 7 ssified eithe T EN 120 [ EN EN ese results w ore (JIS A14 midity; the 0ºC and the ). ormaldehy y are prese e products c 717-2 and J er as E1 or Table 5: Re Meth [mg / 100 g N 717-1 [m N 717-2 [mg JIS A 1460 were expec 460 and EN perforator e gas analys yde emissio nted the re classificatio JIS A1460 m E2 accordi sults for th hod g oven dry b mg / m3 air] g / m3 air h] [mg / L] cted and co N 717-1 tes method is sis test is co n values (JI esults for bo on for a com methods. Th ng to the m e four tests Valu board] 5.3 0.16 ] 5.6 1.6 ould be justi ts are carri conducted onducted at IS A1460 an oth the form mmercial p hese results method that s performed ue Japan 3 66 6 60 F* ified by the ied out at n in the pres t a tempera nd EN717-2 maldehyde anel, which s show that t was select d on an com Europe E1 E2 E2 e conditions near ambien sence of boi ature of 60º 2) for the s emissions h were eval t this board ted. mmercial pa e s of the test nt temperat iling toluen º, in the pre ame sampl / contents luated with d can be anel ts, as menti ture and ne at aroun esence of dr les h the ioned d ry
5.
The rele ana form Diff and EN par The -No sign -A c met Thi woo stan qua Thi (E0 thro FED Com for Ath Blai CAR DunConclus
e aim of this ease classes alysis, desic maldehyde ferent parti d doped wit 717-2 and rticleboard e main conc o correlatio nificant on commercial thod. s work emp od-based p ndard for c ality contro s work is co 0_formaldeh ough FCT ( DER-01523 mpetitivida providing t hanassiadou based Pan based com University ir, A., P. SteFormaldeh RB (2009) “ Control M nky, M. (19 Adhesion
sions
s work was s, as well as ccator and p emission ( icleboards th several d JIS-A1460 panel using clusions of ns where fo the lower r l panel can phasis the n anels, rega lassificatio l procedure o-founded hyde projec project PTD 39) under th ade (POFC). the equipm u, E. and M. nels”. In COS mposites. M y Press ewart, et al. hyde" Journ “A Quick Re easure (AT 98) "Urea-f and Adhesi s to present s a compari perforator m (UF and MU produced a different for testing met g the forme this study w ound betwe range of the be classifie need to est arding the fo n and testin es, but, morA
by FEDER ct with refe DC/EQU-EQ he framewo .The author ment and so . Ohlmeyer ST Action W M. Fan, M. Oh (1986) “M nal of the N eference Gu TCM) for Fo formaldehy ives 18(2): t a review o ison of resu methods) f UF) resins. at the labor rmaldehyd thods. Seve er three me were: een the diff e formaldeh ed different tablish a wo ormaldehy ng not only re importanAcknowl
(Fundo Eur erence FCOM QU/111571 ork of COM rs wish to t me of the rRefer
(2009). “Em WG3 (E49)-hlmeyer, M ortality am National Can uide to the ormaldehyd yde (UF) ad 95-107 on several f ults obtaine for particleb ratory, bond e scavenge eral tests w ethods, plus ferent meth hyde emiss tly as E1 an orldwide sy de emission y increases nt, can mislledgmen
ropeu de D MP010202 1/2009 wit MPETE-Prog thank Euror raw materiarences
missions of -Performan M. Irle (eds.) mong Indust ncer Institu California A de Emission dhesive resi formaldehy ed at our la board prod ded with di ers were tes were conduc s the chamb hods; the de sions / cont nd E2 depen ystem for ev n. The pres costs, by in lead the mants
esenvolvim FEDER005 th the refer grama Oper resinas and als needed f Formalde nce in use a ), pp.219-24 trial-Worke ute 76(6): 1 Air Resourc ns from Comins for woo
yde test me boratory (c duced with ifferent UF sted using t cted on a co ber method eviations ar tent. nding on th valuating a sent situatio ncreasing co arket. mento Regio 5347) and n rence FCOM racional Fac d Sonae Ind for this wo hyde and V and new pro
40,London, ers Exposed 1071-1084 ces Board’s mposite Wo od" Interna ethods and chamber, ga low and MUF r the EN 120, ommercial d (EN 717-1 re more he select nd classify on with ma omplexity o onal) / QRE national fun MP-01-0124 ctor de dústria PCD ork. VOC from W oducts of w , Brunel d to s Airborne T ood Produc tional Journ as resins , the 1). any of the EN nds 4-DM Wood-wood Toxic cts” nal of
Dun For Har IAR Irle Mar Mar Que Rish Rof Salt Sch nky, M. (20 Properzi, F rmaCare. (2 europe.or rmon, D. M. Conferenc RC (2006) “ Organizat e, M. (2011) Internatio rtins, J., J. P particlebo from Woo ruztky (200 developm 2008 e, Z. and T. between t Science an holm-Sund Compariso ffael, E. and Internatio thammer, T Environm hafer, M. and Werkstoff 04) “Challe F. Pichelin 2010). "Woo g/fileadmin . (2008). “C ce. Hannove Monograph ion - Intern ) “Analysing onal, May 20 ereira, et a oard”. COST od-Based Pa 08). “Globa ents”, 6th E Furuno (20 the values b nd Technolo dman, M., A. on of Differ d B. Johnsso onal Panel P T., S. Mentes ment”, Chem d E. Roffael f 58(4): 259 enges with f and M. Leh od panels & n/formalde CHANGE - It er, German hs on the Ev national Ag g formalde 011 l. (2007). “E T Action E4 anels. F. WK l formaldeh European W 007) "Form by the cham ogy 41(3): . Larsen, E. rent standa on (2011). “ Products Sy se, and R. M m. Rev. 2010 l (2000). "O 9-264 formaldehy hmann (eds & formaldeh ehyde/PDF ts Challenge y. valuation o ency For R hyde and h Effect of re 9 Conferen KI. Braunsc hyde regula Wood-based maldehyde e mber metho 267-279. Vestin, A. W ard method “The perfor ymposium, Marutzky (2 0, 110, 2536 On the form yde based. ). Biel, Swit hyde." from F/BS.Wood. es and Opp of Cancinog esearch On how it can b cycled woo nce "Measur chweig, Ger ations and r d Panel Sym emission fro od and thos Weibull (20 s", Atmosfe rator value Llandudno 2010). “For 6–2572 maldehyde r In COST E3 tzerland. m http://ww .pdf. portunities” genic Risck t n Cancer. 88 be done”, W od on forma rement and rmany. requiremen mposium, H om wood p se by the de 006) "Form eric Environ in balance” o, Wales, U.K rmaldehyde release of w 34 Conferen ww.formald ”. Technical to Humans 8. Wood-based aldehyde re d Control of nts: Curren Hanover, Oc products: re esiccator te maldehyde e nment 41: 3 ”. Proceedin K. e in the Ind wood." Holz nce”. M. dehyde-l Formadehyde-ldeh s”, World He d panels elease of f VOC Emis nt situation ctober 10th elationship st." Wood emission - 3193-3202 ngs of the oor z Als Roh-U hyde ealth sion and h, 2. nd