Monitoring the Vertical Deformation Behaviour of Road and Railway Structures

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Figure 2.5. Strain–deformation behaviour of unbound materials under repeated loading (Huang 2004)

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Figure 3.2. Acceleration sensor SCA620 used to monitor a road structure. The acceleration sensor components are very small

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Figure 3.12. A pressure sensor circuit read through serial communication. The size of the circuit board is about 80 × 20 mm

Road surface deflection caused by a truck and measured by accelerometers Effect of seasonal variation on pavement stiffness. Deflection basin shape of road surface with different frost depths measured by accelerometers. Layered embankment compaction relative to an anchor at a depth of 3 m, determined by MDD.

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Figure 3.17. Deflection of the road surface caused by a truck and measured by accelerometers Effect of seasonal variation on pavement stiffness

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Figure 4.1. The Stiffmaster, a continuously operating measuring device for track stiffness

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Figure 4.8. Measurement results from winter measurements on the Lielahti–Ylöjärvi track section

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Figure 4.23. Distributions of the deflection measurement points of three consecutive measurement runs and an example of the repeatability calculation points

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