Etiopien. Medborgarskap. Våld i hemmet

(1)

Landinformationsenheten 2009-11-17

Denna sammanställning av information/länkar är baserad på informationssökningar gjorda av Migrationsverkets landinformationsenhet under en begränsad tid.

Sammanställningen gör inte anspråk på att vara

uttömmande och bör inte tillmätas exklusivt bevisvärde i samband med avgörandet av ett enskilt ärende.

Refererade dokument bör läsas i sitt sammanhang.

Fråga 1: Kan en person ha dubbelt medborgarskap, etiopiskt och eritreanskt?

Fråga 2: Får en utländsk kvinna som gifter sig med en etiopisk man per automatik etiopiskt medborgarskap eller måste hon ansöka om det?

Fråga 3: Vad för skydd finns det för en kvinna att få mot en make som misshandlar henne?

Migrationsverket Landinformationsenheten

Telefon 0771-235 235

E-post migrationsverket@migrationsverket.se Hemsida www.migrationsverket.se Organisationsnr 202100-2163

Bfd22 041222

(2)

Fråga 1: Kan en person ha dubbelt medborgarskap, etiopiskt och eritreanskt?

Svar

Dubbelt medborgarskap är inte tillåtet i Etiopien:

Dokument Lifos 21122

Äthiopien: Eritreische Herkunft

Källa: Schweizerische Flüchtlingshilfe. SFH Upphovsdatum: 2009-05-11

- - -

"1.2.1 Neues Staatsbürgerschaftsgesetz, 2003 Im Dezember 2003 trat eine seit langem erwartete Neufassung des bisher geltenden

Staatsbürgerschaftsgesetzes aus dem Jahre 1930 in Kraft.

Demnach haben Perso-nen gemischter Herkunft Anspruch auf die äthiopische Staatsbürgerschaft. Eine doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft ist nicht möglich.

In Art. 20 versuchte das neue Staatsbürgerschaftsgesetz den Entzug der äthiopischen Staatsbürgerschaft aller

eritreisch-stämmigen Äthiopier zu legalisieren. Dieser Artikel schreibt unter anderem vor, dass Eritreern, die deportiert wurden, die äthiopische Staatsbürgerschaft entzogen wird, da sie die eritreische Staatsbürgerschaft ausgeübt hätten."

- - -

http://www.fluechtlingshilfe.ch/herkunftslaender/africa/aeth iopien/aethiopien-eritreische-herkunft/at_download/file Dokument Lifos 17905

Country of Origin Information Report. Ethiopia Källa: Storbritannien. Home Office

Upphovsdatum: 2008-01-18 - - -

"31. CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONALITY NATIONALITY

31.01 According to Article 6 of the Constitution any person shall be an Ethiopian national where both or either parent is Ethiopian and foreign nationals may acquire Ethiopian nationality, although there is no provision for dual

nationality.

It also affirms that the law shall determine particulars relating to nationality."

- - -

(3)

http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1329_1201786203_1226- 1201102683-ethiopia-220108.pdf

Eritrea-Ethiopia: Stalemate Takes Toll on Eritreans and Ethiopians of Eritrean Origin

Källa: Refugees International Upphovsdatum: 2008-05-30 - - -

"Sources suggest that many, perhaps most, Eritreans living in Ethiopia reacquired citizenship under a nationality

proclamation enacted in 2003. But as one person related,

“People are still afraid to talk though their position has improved.” Some interviewees reported problems obtaining national identification cards, including 3-year delays and interrogation by immigration officials. RI observed national IDs showing “previous nationality” as Eritrean. Eritreans with Ethiopian citizenship said they still feel compelled to conceal their background, even among close friends.

They rarely congregate as a community, nor are they politically engaged. Some spoke of employment

discrimination.

An Ethiopian in a third country said, “They made us feel nothing for that country. My kids in Eritrea are not in a good life. Those in Ethiopia are treated as foreigners.

They get work permits but must not bring attention to themselves.” A woman in Addis Ababa said she is afraid to open a bank account because her family lost a lot of

property during the conflict.

Although the nationality proclamation states that “no Ethiopian may be deprived of his nationality” unless he renounces his citizenship or acquires another nationality, interviewees were uncertain about their status in the event of renewed conflict. Similar ambiguity appears in the

Directive to Determine the Residence Status of Eritrean Nationals Residing in Ethiopia, which states that a residence permit may be canceled “where the bearer . . . is found to be an undesirable foreigner.” In the event of renewed conflict, individuals of Eritrean origin are unsure of their fate. As one man from Asmara observed, “the gap between law and implementation is like the space between the sun and the moon, and no one knows how to close it.”"

- - -

http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-

bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain/opendocpdf.pdf?docid=48453 d7d2

(4)

Fråga 2: Får en utländsk kvinna som gifter sig med en etiopisk man per automatik etiopiskt medborgarskap eller måste hon ansöka om det?

Svar

En utländsk kvinna som gifter sig med en etiopisk man kan få etiopiskt medborgarskap utan svårighet. Det går dock ej att belägga om detta sker per automatik:

The Proclamation No. 378/2003 on Ethiopian nationality - - -

"Cases of Marriage

A foreigner who is married to an Ethiopian national may acquire Ethiopian nationality by law if:

1) the marriage is concluded in accordance with the

Ethiopian laws or in accordance wity the laws of any other country where the marriage is contracted;

2) there is a lapse of at least two years since the conclusion of the marriage;

3) he has lived in Ethiopia for at least one year preceding the submission of his application; and

4) he fulfilled the conditions stated under Sub-Articles (1), (7) and (8) of this Proclamation"

- - -

http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/409100414.pdf

Medborgarskap. Landöversikt Etiopen Källa: Migrationsverket

Upphovsdatum: 2004-05-12 - - -

"Förvärv på annat sätt

Om en utländsk kvinna gifter sig med en etiopisk man erhåller hon etiopiskt medborgarskap om äktenskapet är ingånget på ett behörigt sätt."

- - -

Constitution for a nation of nations: the Ethiopian prospect, av Fasil Nahum - 1997 - Political Science - 300 sidor

Sid. 134 - - -

"Citizenship is basically a contractual relationship between the individual and the state. Such relationship may be created automatically, as when an infant is born with an

(5)

Ethiopian parent, or it may be established through an adult having fulfilled certain requirements, applying for it and being granted citizenship. It is a characteristic of citizenship under the constitution that the citizen can not be deprived of Citizenship. The contrary however is not true. The citizen has the right to change his/her Ethiopian nationality...."

- - -

http://books.google.com/books?id=OD_zDFCnHbEC&pg=PA 134&lpg=PA134&dq=automatically++%22Ethiopian+citizen ship%22+marriage&source=bl&ots=AYJDZ6ta2Q&sig=I2zAT RIUYcG9uzK4BAZ74m7Ff8M&hl=sv&ei=la4CS8WJM4bw- Qb_h_gB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved

=0CAoQ6AEwAA

För mer detaljerad information kontakta:

Utrikesdepartementet, The Stockholm Diplomatic List, November 2009

- - - Ethiopia

Embassy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Chancery: Löjtnantsgatan 17

Box 10148

100 55 Stockholm Tel: 665 60 30 Fax: 660 81 77

E-mail: ethemb.all@telia.com Internet: www.ethemb.se

Consular Section: Tel: 660 60 30 Fax: 660 95 61

- - -

http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/09/76/84/944af654 .pdf

Fråga 3: Vad för skydd finns det för en kvinna att få mot en make som misshandlar henne?

Svar

Lagstiftning mot våld i hemmet finns:

Joining Hands to Stop Domestic Violence in Africa, July/August 2009

(6)

- - -

"In Ethiopia, 78% of Ethiopian women believe that disobeying a husband justifies domestic violence. These statistics paint a horrifying picture of the level to which domestic violence is entrenched in many African countries.

South Africa and Ethiopia, however, have recently partnered with a British Columbian non-profit organization to

strengthen the two countries’ justice systems in the area of domestic violence"

- - -

"As word of the program’s success spread, it gained

recognition from UNICEF as well as other African countries.

Ethiopia, which had revised its penal code in 2005 to

outlaw domestic violence, showed particular interest in the training program."

- - -

http://www.lawnow.org/Content_Files/Files/SR1336.pdf

Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 2004 [Ethiopia], Proclamation No. 414 of 2004, 9 May

2005 - - -

"Article 564.- Violence Against a Marriage Partner or a Person Cohabiting in an Irregular Union.

The relevant provision of this Code (Arts. 555 - 560) shall apply to a person who, by doing violence to a marriage partner or a person cohabiting in an irregular union, causes grave or common injury to his/her physical or mental

health."

- - -

"Article 587.- Abduction of a Woman.

(1) Whoever with intent to marry a woman abducts her by violence, or commits such an act after having obtained her consent by intimidation, threat, trickery or deceit,

is punishable with rigorous imprisonment from three years to ten years.

(2) Where the act of abduction is accompanied by rape, the perpetrator shall be liable to the punishment prescribed for rape in this Code.

(3) The conclusion of a marriage between the abductor and the abducted subsequent to the abduction shall not preclude criminal liability.

(4) Nothing shall affect the right of the victim to claim compensation under civil law for the moral and material

(7)

damage she may have sustained as a result of the abduction."

- - -

"CHAPTER II

CRIMES AGAINST THE FAMILY

Section I.- CRIMES AGAINST THE INSTITUTION OF MARRIAGE

Article 646.- Fraud and Deceit in Marriage."

- - -

http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/49216b572.pdf